Glipizide xl vs glipizide. Glipizide XL vs Regular Glipizide: Understanding the Key Differences and Dosage Guidelines
How does Glipizide XL 5mg differ from regular Glipizide 5mg. What are the recommended dosages for Glipizide. How should Glipizide be administered for optimal effectiveness. What are the potential side effects and precautions associated with Glipizide use.
Understanding Glipizide: A Comprehensive Overview
Glipizide is a crucial medication in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. As a member of the sulfonylurea drug class, it plays a vital role in controlling blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas and reducing glucose production in the liver. While its efficacy is well-established, it’s essential to understand the nuances between different formulations, particularly Glipizide XL and regular Glipizide.
What is Glipizide and how does it work?
Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication that belongs to the sulfonylurea class. It functions by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin, thereby helping to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Additionally, Glipizide aids in decreasing glucose production by the liver, contributing to better overall glycemic control.
Who can benefit from Glipizide treatment?
Glipizide is primarily prescribed for adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is most effective when used in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise. However, it’s important to note that Glipizide is not suitable for individuals with Type 1 diabetes or those experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis.
Glipizide XL vs Regular Glipizide: Unraveling the Differences
The main difference between Glipizide XL 5mg and regular Glipizide 5mg lies in their release mechanisms and duration of action. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for optimal diabetes management.
How does Glipizide XL differ from regular Glipizide?
Glipizide XL (extended-release) is designed to release the medication gradually over an extended period. This formulation allows for once-daily dosing, typically taken with breakfast. In contrast, regular Glipizide (immediate-release) releases the medication more quickly and may require multiple doses throughout the day for optimal blood sugar control.
Which formulation is more suitable for different patient profiles?
The choice between Glipizide XL and regular Glipizide often depends on individual patient needs and preferences. Glipizide XL may be more suitable for patients who prefer the convenience of once-daily dosing or those who experience difficulty with medication adherence. Regular Glipizide might be preferred in cases where more precise control over blood sugar fluctuations throughout the day is necessary.
Dosage Guidelines for Glipizide: Ensuring Optimal Efficacy
Proper dosing of Glipizide is crucial for achieving optimal glycemic control while minimizing the risk of side effects. Healthcare providers carefully determine the appropriate dosage based on individual patient factors.
What are the recommended starting doses for Glipizide?
For extended-release Glipizide (XL), the typical initial dose is 5 mg taken orally once daily with breakfast. The maximum recommended daily dose is 20 mg. For immediate-release Glipizide, the starting dose is usually 5 mg taken orally once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 40 mg.
How should Glipizide dosage be adjusted over time?
Dosage adjustments are made gradually, typically in increments of 2.5 to 5 mg, based on the patient’s blood glucose levels and A1C results. Healthcare providers monitor these parameters regularly to determine the most effective maintenance dose. Some patients may benefit from twice-daily dosing, particularly with the immediate-release formulation.
Administration Guidelines: Maximizing Glipizide’s Effectiveness
Proper administration of Glipizide is essential for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Understanding the correct timing and method of taking the medication can significantly impact its effectiveness.
When is the best time to take Glipizide?
For immediate-release Glipizide, it’s typically recommended to take the medication 30 minutes before breakfast or the first main meal of the day. This timing allows the drug to be present in the bloodstream when glucose levels are expected to rise after eating. Glipizide XL, on the other hand, is usually taken with breakfast due to its extended-release properties.
Can Glipizide be taken with other medications?
Glipizide can be combined with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin, under the guidance of a healthcare provider. However, it’s crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions.
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
While Glipizide is generally well-tolerated, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and take necessary precautions to ensure safe and effective treatment.
What are the common side effects of Glipizide?
Common side effects of Glipizide include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), gastrointestinal disturbances (such as diarrhea or constipation), nervousness, headaches, and dizziness. Most of these side effects are mild and tend to improve as the body adjusts to the medication.
Are there any serious side effects to be aware of?
While less common, serious side effects can occur with Glipizide use. These may include severe hypoglycemia, liver problems (hepatitis or jaundice), blood disorders (such as anemia or low platelet count), and severe allergic reactions. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms such as unusual bleeding, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or signs of a severe allergic reaction.
Special Considerations for Specific Patient Groups
Certain patient populations may require special considerations when using Glipizide. Understanding these unique circumstances is crucial for safe and effective treatment.
How should Glipizide be used in elderly patients?
Elderly patients (over 65 years) may be more sensitive to the effects of Glipizide. Healthcare providers often start with a lower initial dose, typically 2.5 mg per day, and adjust gradually based on individual response and tolerance. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is particularly important in this population.
What precautions should be taken for patients with liver or kidney problems?
Patients with hepatic impairment should start with a lower dose of immediate-release Glipizide (2.5 mg daily). For those with renal disease, dose reductions may be necessary, typically starting at 50% of the standard dose for patients with a GFR above 50 mL/min. Extended-release formulations have not been extensively studied in patients with liver disease, so caution is advised.
Monitoring and Follow-up: Ensuring Optimal Diabetes Management
Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential components of successful diabetes management with Glipizide. These practices help ensure that the medication is working effectively and allow for timely adjustments if needed.
How often should blood glucose levels be checked while taking Glipizide?
The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on individual circumstances and healthcare provider recommendations. Generally, patients should check their blood sugar levels at least once daily, often before meals and at bedtime. More frequent monitoring may be necessary when starting or adjusting Glipizide dosage.
What role does A1C testing play in Glipizide treatment?
A1C testing provides a long-term picture of blood glucose control, typically reflecting average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Healthcare providers usually recommend A1C testing every 3-6 months to assess the overall effectiveness of Glipizide treatment and make necessary adjustments to the diabetes management plan.
Understanding the differences between Glipizide XL and regular Glipizide, as well as the proper dosing and administration guidelines, is crucial for effective diabetes management. By working closely with healthcare providers and adhering to recommended monitoring practices, patients can optimize their treatment outcomes and maintain better control over their blood glucose levels. As with any medication, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects and take necessary precautions to ensure safe and effective use of Glipizide in managing Type 2 diabetes.
Glipizide dosage, forms, and strengths
The standard glipizide dosage for adults with Type 2 diabetes is 20-40 mg by mouth per day
Forms and strengths | Glipizide for adults | Glipizide for children | Glipizide dosage restrictions | Glipizide for pets | How to take glipizide | FAQs
Glipizide (brand names: Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL) is a medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to a drug class called sulfonylureas and controls high blood sugar levels in adults by stimulating the secretion of insulin from the pancreas and decreasing glucose from the liver. It works best when combined with diet, exercise, and other healthy lifestyle choices. A patient’s healthcare provider will monitor their blood sugar levels and A1C (also referred to as glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, or HbA1C) regularly during treatment to determine glipizide dosage and adjustments to medication.
Glipizide is usually taken once a day in the morning, either 30 minutes before breakfast or with breakfast. It may be paired with other antidiabetic medications, like metformin. Common side effects include low blood sugar, diarrhea or constipation, stomach discomfort, nervousness, gas, headaches, drowsiness, and tremors. Serious side effects are less common and include hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar), low white blood cells, anemia, low blood platelets, hepatitis, jaundice, low blood sodium, and severe allergic reaction. Glipizide is not a treatment option for patients with Type 1 diabetes.
RELATED: Learn more about glipizide | Get glipizide discounts
Glipizide forms and strengths
Glipizide is available in tablet form and comes in immediate-release and extended-release options.
- Extended-release tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg
- Immediate-release tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg
Glipizide dosage for adults
Glipizide is approved to treat Type 2 diabetes in adults. The dosage instructions vary depending on the patient’s age, weight, and blood glucose levels. For extended-release tablets, the initial dose is 5 mg by mouth once daily with a meal. The maximum dose should not exceed 20 mg by mouth per day. The starting dose for immediate-release tablets is 5 mg by mouth once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast. The maximum dose should not exceed 40 mg by mouth per day.
A healthcare provider will gradually increase the dose of glipizide in increments between 2.5 mg and 5 mg until the patient’s blood sugar level is within the target range. It’s important to keep an accurate record of blood sugar readings between appointments to help providers determine the proper maintenance dose of glipizide. Most patients take glipizide once daily, but some patients benefit from taking it on a twice-daily basis.
Glipizide dosage chart | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type 2 diabetes | 5 mg tablet once daily | 2.5-20 mg by mouth daily or twice daily | 40 mg daily |
Glipizide dosage for children
Glipizide is currently not approved for children younger than 18.
Glipizide dosage restrictions
There are some dosage restrictions and contraindications to be aware of before beginning treatment with glipizide.
Patients with hepatic impairment should begin by taking 2.5 mg of immediate-release glipizide by mouth per day. Extended-release tablets have not been studied in those who have liver disease.
Glipizide does not have a defined dose for patients with renal disease. It’s suggested to decrease the dose by 50% for patients with a GFR above 50 mL/min.
Use caution in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an inherited enzyme deficiency. Taking glipizide increases the risk of hemolytic anemia. Other treatment options should be considered.
Patients older than 65 and patients with adrenal or pituitary insufficiency may be more sensitive to glipizide. For this reason, a healthcare provider may recommend starting at a lower dose of 2.5 mg by mouth per day. Doses will be gradually increased until blood sugar levels are within an acceptable range, as determined by a patient’s healthcare team.
Patients with Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis should not take glipizide, as insulin is the proper treatment in these cases.
Avoid taking this medication if hypersensitivity occurs or has occurred while taking this drug in the past.
Glipizide dosage for pets
Glipizide is sometimes used to treat diabetes in cats. Veterinarians may prescribe 5 mg or 10 mg tablets. The medication helps the pancreas release insulin and increase tissue sensitivity so that smaller amounts of insulin have a larger impact. Glipizide is often used as a trial medication before advancing to insulin injections or in cases where the cat is sensitive to insulin injections.
Cats taking glipizide may experience side effects including:
- Low blood sugar
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Elevated liver enzymes
- Pancreatic destruction (in rare cases)
Oral medications aren’t efficient in stimulating insulin production in dogs, therefore glipizide is not used to treat diabetes in dogs.
How to take glipizide
- Glipizide is taken by mouth.
- The immediate-release glipizide tablets should be taken 30 minutes before eating.
- Extended-release tablets should be taken with a meal.
- Follow a healthcare professional’s guidance in checking blood sugar levels at home during treatment.
- Talk to a healthcare professional about what to do in case of very high or very low blood sugar readings.
- Never skip or change dosing without consulting a healthcare provider.
- Take medicine as directed. A patient’s dose may need to be changed several times to find what works best for them.
- Swallow the extended-release tablet whole. Do not crush, break, or chew it.
- Read and follow the patient instructions that come with this medicine.
- Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light.
Glipizide dosage FAQs
Glipizide vs. glipizide XL: What’s the difference in doses?
The starting dose for immediate-release glipizide is 5 mg per day, with a maximum dose of 40 mg per day. The starting dose for glipizide extended-release is 5 mg per day, with a maximum dose of 20 mg per day. A healthcare provider will determine which form of glipizide is right for the patient.
The prescribed dose varies by person and is determined in response to their blood sugar levels after taking glipizide. Healthcare providers will work with patients to find the dose that works best for them. Patients will monitor their blood sugar levels at home to assess how the medication affects their blood sugar. Their healthcare provider will increase their dose gradually until their blood sugar is within an acceptable range.
How long does it take glipizide to work?
Glipizide works quickly. It’s important to take daily doses as directed, based on the form prescribed. Take immediate-release tablets 30 minutes before a meal to reduce blood sugar levels after eating. Take extended-release tablets at the same time as breakfast. If a patient takes glipizide but doesn’t eat, as directed, their blood sugar may drop and cause symptoms of hypoglycemia.
How long does glipizide stay in your system?
The half-life of a drug is the amount of time it takes for the concentration of that specific drug to reduce to half of the original dose taken. Glipizide has a half-life of between two and seven hours. The time glipizide stays in a patient’s system varies from person to person and depends on several factors, including how fast their body metabolizes medications.
What happens if I miss a dose of glipizide?
Patients should take the missed dose of glipizide as soon as they remember if they’re getting ready to eat a meal. If they are skipping the meal, they should also skip the dose of glipizide to ensure their blood sugar doesn’t drop too low. Never take multiple doses together. If a patient is unsure, they should check their blood sugar level at home and consult their healthcare provider for advice.
How long can you take glipizide?
Glipizide is a long-term medication to control chronic hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Take the medication as directed by a healthcare provider.
How do I stop taking glipizide?
Never stop a medication without talking to a healthcare provider. Failing to take glipizide as directed can cause a dangerous increase in blood sugar levels or other adverse reactions.
If a healthcare provider has advised the patient to discontinue glipizide, they may recommend tapering off the medication slowly. To do this, they will likely reduce the dose by half and continue to evaluate the patient’s blood sugar levels over a period of time.
What is the maximum dosage for glipizide?
The maximum dosage of immediate-release glipizide is 40 mg per day. The maximum dosage of glipizide ER is 20 mg per day.
Can you overdose on glipizide?
Taking too much glipizide can cause a life-threatening drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia). If an overdose is suspected, seek help at the nearest emergency medical facility or call 911.
Signs of severe hypoglycemia include weakness, excessive drowsiness, tremors, trouble focusing, abnormal sweating, dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, rapid heartbeat, and seizures.
What interacts with glipizide?
Drug interactions are possible. There are several medications that can alter the effects of glipizide. Some of these medications include:
- Salicylates, like aspirin
- Anticonvulsants
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Beta blockers
- Blood thinners, like warfarin
- Colesevelam
- Calcium channel-blocking drugs
- Diuretics, like chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide
- Antifungals, like fluconazole and miconazole
- Hormones
- MAO inhibitors
- NSAIDs
- Thyroid medications
- Medications that alter blood sugar levels
- Some antibiotics, like isoniazid
Discuss any current prescription drugs, herbal supplements, and over-the-counter medications with a healthcare provider before taking glipizide.
What happens when you mix glipizide and alcohol?
Drinking alcohol while taking glipizide increases the risk of hypoglycemia and puts patients at increased risk for side effects, including:
- Flushing
- Rapid heartbeat
- Headache
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
- Confusion
- Chest discomfort
Avoid drinking with this medication.
Is it safe to take glipizide during pregnancy?
There is limited human data to determine whether glipizide is safe to take during pregnancy. The FDA classifies glipizide as a pregnancy risk category C drug, meaning that animal studies have shown potential risk to the fetus but there is no known risk based on limited human data.
Patients who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant while taking glipizide should notify a healthcare provider. If an alternative drug is not an option, it is recommended to discontinue the medication at least two weeks before delivery to prevent hypoglycemia in the infant at birth.
Is glipizide safe while breastfeeding?
The effects of glipizide on lactation and on the infant are unknown. Glipizide may pass to the baby through breast milk. Breastfeeding mothers should discuss the safety of this medication with their healthcare provider before beginning treatment.
Related resources for glipizide dosages:
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*3 | (C;C) / (A;C) | C Allele | Effect Directly Studied | Patients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of glipizide. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Villeurbanne | Not Available | 1000_1002delACC | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Torun | Not Available | 1006A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Sunderland | Not Available | 105_107delCAT | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Iwatsuki | Not Available | 1081G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Serres | Not Available | 1082C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Tondela | Not Available | 1084_1101delCTGAACGAGCGCAAGGCC | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Loma Linda | Not Available | 1089C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Aachen | Not Available | 1089C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Tenri | Not Available | 1096A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Montpellier | Not Available | 1132G>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Calvo Mackenna | Not Available | 1138A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Riley | Not Available | 1139T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Olomouc | Not Available | 1141T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Tomah | Not Available | 1153T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Lynwood | Not Available | 1154G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Madrid | Not Available | 1155C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Iowa, Walter Reed, Springfield | Not Available | 1156A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Beverly Hills, Genova, Iwate, Niigata, Yamaguchi | Not Available | 1160G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Hartford | Not Available | 1162A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Praha | Not Available | 1166A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Krakow | Not Available | 1175T>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Wisconsin | Not Available | 1177C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Nashville, Anaheim, Portici | Not Available | 1178G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Alhambra | Not Available | 1180G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Bari | Not Available | 1187C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Puerto Limon | Not Available | 1192G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Covao do Lobo | Not Available | 1205C>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Clinic | Not Available | 1215G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Utrecht | Not Available | 1225C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Suwalki | Not Available | 1226C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Riverside | Not Available | 1228G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Japan, Shinagawa | Not Available | 1229G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kawasaki | Not Available | 1229G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Munich | Not Available | 1231A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Georgia | Not Available | 1284C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Sumare | Not Available | 1292T->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Telti/Kobe | Not Available | 1318C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Santiago de Cuba, Morioka | Not Available | 1339G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Harima | Not Available | 1358T->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Figuera da Foz | Not Available | 1366G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Amiens | Not Available | 1367A>T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Bangkok Noi | Not Available | 1376G->T, 1502T->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Fukaya | Not Available | 1462G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Campinas | Not Available | 1463G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Buenos Aires | Not Available | 1465C>T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Arakawa | Not Available | 1466C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Brighton | Not Available | 1488_1490delGAA | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kozukata | Not Available | 159G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Amsterdam | Not Available | 180_182delTCT | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | No name | Not Available | 202G->A, 376A->G, 1264C>G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Swansea | Not Available | 224T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Urayasu | Not Available | 281_283delAGA | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Vancouver | Not Available | 317C->G544C->T592C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Mt Sinai | Not Available | 376A->G, 1159C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Plymouth | Not Available | 488G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Volendam | Not Available | 514C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Shinshu | Not Available | 527A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Chikugo | Not Available | 535A->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Tsukui | Not Available | 561_563delCTC | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Pedoplis-Ckaro | Not Available | 573C>G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Santiago | Not Available | 593G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Minnesota, Marion, Gastonia, LeJeune | Not Available | 637G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Cincinnati | Not Available | 637G->T, 1037A->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Harilaou | Not Available | 648T->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | North Dallas | Not Available | 683_685delACA | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Asahikawa | Not Available | 695G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Durham | Not Available | 713A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Stonybrook | Not Available | 724_729delGGCACT | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Wayne | Not Available | 769C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Aveiro | Not Available | 806G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Cleveland Corum | Not Available | 820G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Lille | Not Available | 821A>T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Bangkok | Not Available | 825G>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Sugao | Not Available | 826C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | La Jolla | Not Available | 832T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Wexham | Not Available | 833C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Piotrkow | Not Available | 851T>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | West Virginia | Not Available | 910G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Omiya | Not Available | 921G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Nara | Not Available | 953_976delCCACCAAAGGGTACCTGGAC GACC | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Manhattan | Not Available | 962G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Rehevot | Not Available | 964T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Honiara | Not Available | 99A->G / 1360C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Tokyo, Fukushima | Not Available | 1246G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Chatham | Not Available | 1003G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Fushan | Not Available | 1004C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Partenope | Not Available | 1052G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Ierapetra | Not Available | 1057C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Anadia | Not Available | 1193A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Abeno | Not Available | 1220A->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Surabaya | Not Available | 1291G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Pawnee | Not Available | 1316G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | S. Antioco | Not Available | 1342A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Cassano | Not Available | 1347G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Hermoupolis | Not Available | 1347G->C / 1360C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Union,Maewo, Chinese-2, Kalo | Not Available | 1360C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Andalus | Not Available | 1361G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Cosenza | Not Available | 1376G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Canton, Taiwan- Hakka, Gifu-like, Agrigento-like | Not Available | 1376G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Flores | Not Available | 1387C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kaiping, Anant, Dhon, Sapporo-like, Wosera | Not Available | 1388G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kamogawa | Not Available | 169C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Costanzo | Not Available | 179T>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Amazonia | Not Available | 185C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Songklanagarind | Not Available | 196T->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Hechi | Not Available | 202G->A / 871G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Namouru | Not Available | 208T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Bao Loc | Not Available | 352T>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Crispim | Not Available | 375G->T, 379G->T383T->C384C>T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Acrokorinthos | Not Available | 376A->G / 463C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Santa Maria | Not Available | 376A->G / 542A->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Ananindeua | Not Available | 376A->G / 871G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Vanua Lava | Not Available | 383T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Valladolid | Not Available | 406C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Belem | Not Available | 409C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Liuzhou | Not Available | 442G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Shenzen | Not Available | 473G>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Taipei “Chinese- 3” | Not Available | 493A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Toledo | Not Available | 496C>T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Naone | Not Available | 497G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Nankang | Not Available | 517T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Miaoli | Not Available | 519C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Mediterranean, Dallas, Panama‚ Sassari, Cagliari, Birmingham | Not Available | 563C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Coimbra Shunde | Not Available | 592C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Nilgiri | Not Available | 593G>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Radlowo | Not Available | 679C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Roubaix | Not Available | 811G>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Haikou | Not Available | 835A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Chinese-1 | Not Available | 835A->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Mizushima | Not Available | 848A>G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Osaka | Not Available | 853C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Viangchan, Jammu | Not Available | 871G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Seoul | Not Available | 916G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Ludhiana | Not Available | 929G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Farroupilha | Not Available | 977C->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Chinese-5 | Not Available | 1024C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Rignano | Not Available | 130G>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Orissa | Not Available | 131C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | G6PDNice | Not Available | 1380G>C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kamiube, Keelung | Not Available | 1387C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Neapolis | Not Available | 1400C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Aures | Not Available | 143T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Split | Not Available | 1442C->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kambos | Not Available | 148C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Palestrina | Not Available | 170G>A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Metaponto | Not Available | 172G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Musashino | Not Available | 185C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Asahi | Not Available | 202G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | A- (202), Ferrara I | Not Available | 202G->A / 376A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Murcia Oristano | Not Available | 209A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Ube Konan | Not Available | 241C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Lagosanto | Not Available | 242G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Guangzhou | Not Available | 274C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Hammersmith | Not Available | 323T->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Sinnai | Not Available | 34G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | A- (680) | Not Available | 376A->G / 680G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | A- (968), Betica,Selma, Guantanamo | Not Available | 376A->G / 968T->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Salerno Pyrgos | Not Available | 383T>G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Quing Yan | Not Available | 392G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Lages | Not Available | 40G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Ilesha | Not Available | 466G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Mahidol | Not Available | 487G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Malaga | Not Available | 542A->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Sibari | Not Available | 634A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Mexico City | Not Available | 680G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Nanning | Not Available | 703C->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Seattle, Lodi, Modena, Ferrara II, Athens-like | Not Available | 844G->C | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Bajo Maumere | Not Available | 844G->T | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Montalbano | Not Available | 854G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Kalyan-Kerala, Jamnaga, Rohini | Not Available | 949G->A | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase | Gaohe | Not Available | 95A->G | ADR Inferred | Increased risk of hemolytic anemia. | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*6 | Not Available | 818delA | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*15 | Not Available | 485C>A | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*25 | Not Available | 353_362delAGAAATGGAA | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*35 | Not Available | 374G>T / 430C>T | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*2 | Not Available | 430C>T | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*4 | Not Available | 1076T>C | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*5 | Not Available | 1080C>G | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*8 | Not Available | 449G>A | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*11 | Not Available | 1003C>T | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*12 | Not Available | 1465C>T | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*13 | Not Available | 269T>C | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*14 | Not Available | 374G>A | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*16 | Not Available | 895A>G | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*18 | Not Available | 1075A>C / 1190A>C … show all | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*26 | Not Available | 389C>G | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*28 | Not Available | 641A>T | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*30 | Not Available | 1429G>A | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | CYP2C9*33 | Not Available | 395G>A | Effect Inferred | Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements | Details |
(PDF) Bioavailability of Immediate- and Extended-Release Formulations of Glipizide in Healthy Male Volunteers
Glipizide in Healthy Male Volunteers 323
13. Kradjan WA, Takeuchi KY, Opheim KE, et al. Pharmacokinet-
Cmax/AUC. Nonetheless, the new formulation ex- ics and pharmacodynamics of glipizide after once-daily and
hibited quicker onset of action. Our formulation thus divided doses. Pharmacotherapy 1995 Jul-Aug; 15 (4): 465-71
14. Blonde L, Guthrie RD, Tive L, et al. Glipizide GITS is effective
may potentially prove to be equally effective and
and safe in a wide range of NIDDM patients: results of a
more cost effective than other extended-release for- double blind, placebo controlled efficacy and safety trial. The
mulations. Glipizide GITS Efficacy and Safety Trial Study Group. Diabe-
tes 1996; 45 Suppl. 2: 285A
15. Verma RK, Mishra B, Garg S. Osmotically controlled oral drug
Acknowledgements delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000 Jul; 26 (7): 695-708
16. Miglani (Dhawan) S. Preparation and evaluation of controlled
The authors are thankful to the Council of Scientific and release oral dosage forms of glipizide and nifedipine [PhD
Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, for providing a Re- thesis abstract]. Panjab University Research Journal (Science)
2003; 53: 213-4
search Associateship to Sanju Dhawan. The authors are also
17. Dhawan S, Singla AK, inventors. Composition and a method of
thankful to Mr Ashwini Kumar, Drugs Controller General of
maintaining blood glucose level. U.S. patent 6,703,045, 2004
India, for providing the permission to carry out the bioavai- Mar 9
lability study. The financial assistance provided by USV 18. Dhawan S, Singla AK, inventors. Composition and a method of
Limited, Mumbai, India, is gratefully acknowledged. maintaining blood glucose level by employing the hydrophilic
matrix based oral controlled release antidiabetic composition.
Indian patent 2001, 965/DEL, 2001 Aug 19
References 19. Indian Council of Medical Research. Ethical guidelines for
1. World Health Organization. Diabetes: the cost of diabetes [on- biomedical research on human subjects. New Delhi: Indian
line]. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ Council of Medical Research, 2000
factsheets/fs236/en/ [Accessed 2006 Jan 20] 20. Good clinical practices: guidelines for clinical trials on pharma-
2. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The ceutical products in India. New Delhi: Central Drugs Standard
effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development Control Organisation, Directorate General of Health Services,
and progression of long-term complications in insulin-depen- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India,
dent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993 Sep; 329 (14): 2001
977-86 21. Guidance to industry: glipizide invivo bioequivalence and invi-
3. Reichard P, Britz A, Cars I, et al. The Stockholm Diabetes tro dissolution testing. Rockville (MD): Center for Drug Eval-
Intervention Study (SDIS): 18 months’ results. Acta Med uation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Division
Scand 1988; 224 (2): 115-22 of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, 1999
4. Wake N, Hisashige A, Katayama T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of 22. Dhawan S, Singla AK. Performance liquid chromatographic
intensive insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes: a 10-year follow- analysis of glipizide: application to in vitro and in vivo studies.
up of the Kumamoto study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 48 J Chromatographic Sci 2003 Jul; 41 (6): 295-300
(3): 201-10 23. Yeh KC, Kwan KC. A comparison of numerical algorithm by
5. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive trapezoidal, lagrange and spline approximation. J Pharma-
blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin com- cokinet Biopharm 1978; 6 (1): 79-98
pared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in 24. Yamaoka K, Nakagawa T, Uno T. Statistical moments in
patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998 Sep; 352 (9131): pharmacokinetics. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1978 Dec; 6 (6):
837-53 547-58
6. Boyle PJ, Kempers SF, O’Connor AM, et al. Brain glucose 25. Riegelman S, Collier P. The application of statistical moment
uptake and unawareness of hypoglycemia in patients with theory to the evaluation of in vivo dissolution time and absorp-
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1995 Dec; tion time. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1980 Oct; 8 (5): 509-34
333 (26): 1726-31
26. Scientific Consulting Incorporation. PCNonlin 4.0 user’s guide
7. Lebovitz HE. Glipizide: second-generation sulfonylurea hypo- 8509 for PCNonlin-version 4.2. Apex (NC): Scientific Con-
glycemic agent. Pharmacotherapy 1985 Mar-Apr; 5 (2): 63-77 sulting Incorporation, 1992
8. Brogden RN, Heel RC, Pakes GE, et al. Glipizide: a review of
27. Wagner J. Fundamentals of clinical pharmacokinetics. 1st ed.
its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1979
Hamilton (IL): Drug Intelligence Publications Inc., 1975:
Nov; 18 (5): 329-53
301-2
9. Peterson CM, Sims RV, Jones RL, et al. Bioavailability of
28. Gennaro AF. Statistics. In: Gennaro AF, editor. Remington: the
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1982 Sep-Oct; 5 (5): 497-500
29. Fucella LM, Tamassia V, Valzelli G. Metabolism and kinetics
10. Feinglos MN, Lebovitz HE. Long term safety and efficacy of
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© 2006 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006; 45 (3)
Canadian Pharmacy: Buy Glucotrol Online
Glucotrol product description
Glucotrol (Glipizide) is a drug that helps control blood sugar levels, helping your pancreas produce insulin. This medication is very extensible for therapy all over the world, because always show good results.
Glucotrol safety information
The remedy is forbidden for people who suffer from Diabetes; Kidney and liver diseases; Chronic diarrhea or blockage of the intestines; Deficiency of glucose; Illnesses of the adrenal glands or pituitary gland; Loss of appetite; Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
Glucotrol is a medication that is one of the constituent parts of complex treatment, which includes sports, weight control and sugar levels in your blood. Taking the drug, you must very carefully adhere to the diet and monitor the presence of sugar, which can change if the principles of your treatment are not respected. You should ask your doctor for advice before starting treatment with Glucotrol, as it, like other drugs to combat diabetes, can affect the condition of the heart and circulatory system.
If you are pregnant, therapy with Glucotrol is not recommended for you, as there have been cases of hypoglycemia in newborns whose mothers took the drug in the last trimester of pregnancy.
Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby, as it is more likely that you will not need to take Glucotrol or stop breastfeeding.
The drug is not forbidden with alcohol.
In addition to all of the above, you must very carefully monitor blood sugar levels.
Remember that the signs of low sugar are headaches, irritability, dizziness, a constant feeling of hunger, drowsiness, and sweating. In that case, you should always keep food that contains sugar: juices, caramel candies, raisins and clean drinking water.
In addition, you should monitor the high level of sugar level. In this case, the features are weight loss, drowsiness, a fruity smell from the mouth, constant thirst.
You must check the level of sugar in your blood, wherever you are on a journey, at work, if you miss a dose of the drug.
The level of sugar in the blood directly affects the dosage of Glucotrol, which from its percentage may change. Do not change the treatment without consulting your doctor. If the sugar level changes, you should also immediately inform your specialist about it.
If it happened that you missed taking the drug, you should take the missed dose half an hour before the next meal. If this time coincides with the next dose, then do not take the dose that was missed.
If we talk about an overdose of the drug, then it can cause hypoglycemia. You will observe such symptoms as follows: severe weakness, convulsions, stomach pain and trembling, panic.
In case of an overdose, call an ambulance immediately.
Glucotrol side effects
The medicine can cause side effects, which you should immediately call your doctor:
- Nosebleeds, pallor, bleeding gums, fatigue, rapid heart rate;
- Dark urine, skin rash, discoloration of the feces, yellowing of the skin or eyes;
- Pulsating headache, severe nausea and vomiting, panic
- Diarrhea, constipation;
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Glipizide, Glyburide, and Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes —The Nitty Gritty You Need to Know! – Type2andYou
The three Gs—-glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride are part of a group of diabetes medications called sulfonylureas. Big fancy name right?? 🙂
Just like Metformin, these medications are some of the most common ones prescribed to help you manage your T2D.
However, where other diabetes medications have many positive “extras” beyond lowering blood sugars, the sulfonylureas do not.
Ready for the details?
Let’s start with the sulfonylurea Medication Sheet; the simple, visual way to learn more about your glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride.
–
Read on!
Why are sulfonylureas commonly prescribed for Type 2 Diabetes?
These medications are some of the only generic medications available to treat T2D, which means they’re cheap.
Insurance may also determine you have to use these medications before trying others. This is called “Step Therapy.” Step Therapy means you have to trial these medications for X number of months (and “prove” they didn’t work, meaning your A1c is still above your goal) before you can add or switch to other medications.
These medications are also chosen because they have a big impact on your blood sugars, often lowering your A1c as much as 2%.
–
What did you mean these medications don’t have the same “extras” as other diabetes medications?
There has been a big shift in how we think about diabetes medications for people with T2D.
Old goals were to get healthy blood sugars. Period.
But because many of the newer T2D medications lower your chance of dying from heart disease, stroke or kidney disease, it’s changed the way we choose diabetes medications for someone.
Our goals now are to look beyond what medications do for your blood sugars into these “extra” benefits.
Sulfonylureas do not have any of these “extras.”
–
Then what
are the benefits of sulfonylureas?
These medications have 3 big positives:
1) They work very well at lowering blood sugars. Again, a 1-2% drop in your A1c is common.
2) Some come as a combination med with other diabetes meds. Some are available in extended release, which is listed as an ER, XR, XL, or SR after the name of your medication. Both can decrease your medication burden because they decrease the number of pills you take in a day.
3) They are very affordable compared to other diabetes medications.
–
How do sulfonylureas work in my body?
The answer to this is short and sweet! These medications tell the insulin-making cells in your pancreas (called beta cells) to release more insulin.
Something to consider, however, is that your body will make less and less insulin over time. So these medications do not work as well in the later years of your diabetes diagnosis.
Food for Thought: The overarching goal of diabetes treatment (healthy eating, exercise, weight loss, medications, etc) is to slow the progression of T2D. Which basically means you’re trying to decrease the workload of the beta cells in your pancreas. Sulfonylureas are doing the opposite. They are asking your pancreas to work harder.
Want more details on how your body works with and without T2D? Check out my post on 5 Major Ways Your Body Changes with Type 2 Diabetes HERE.
It can take anywhere from 1 day to 2 weeks to see the maximum effect of these medications on your blood sugars. You’ll see a change in your blood sugars throughout the entire day.
–
What do sulfonylureas cost me?
Sulfonylureas are generic medications and almost all insurance companies cover them. This makes the cost very affordable. If you shop around (compare pharmacy prices on a site or app like GoodRx), you can usually find them for as little as $6 a month.
–
Is there a BEST way to take my glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride?
Yes!
These medications should be taken about 30-60 minutes before you eat your meal. They’re often taken 1-2 times per day. Before breakfast, or before breakfast and supper, are the most common times.
Regular meals and pairing these medications with food will decrease your chance of having a low blood sugar. Another tip to prevent low blood sugars: it’s a good idea to have a snack if you go longer than 4 hours between meals.
–
What are the Side Effects of sulfonylureas?
The most well-recognized side effects are low blood sugar and weight gain.
The risk of low blood sugar varies depending on your other health conditions, age, other diabetes medications, and timing of exercise, food, and other factors.
Your risk of low blood sugar is higher if you take insulin and sulfonylurea medications together.
When I work with people with T2D taking these medications, the risk for low blood sugars is always at the forefront of my mind. Here’s why:
Many were not instructed to take the medication with food.
Most were not given information on how to recognize and treat a low blood sugar.
Many are still only checking blood sugars 1 time a day, usually in the morning. This leaves them vulnerable to having unrecognized low blood sugars at other parts of the day.
I would rather have people check blood sugars twice a day, every other day, than check a fasting blood sugar only and routinely leave the end of the day in the dark (so to speak).
Want more information on Low Blood Sugars in T2D? Click HERE.
Weight gain is usually about 4 pounds, which doesn’t sound like much. But, if you’re like many people living with T2D, you may be trying to loose weight. And gaining can be discouraging!
Death from heart disease is a risk that causes the biggest concern for many people. The risk is almost double if you’ve had a heart attack vs if you haven’t.
A Weighing Risk vs Benefit Moment:
Risk of death from heart disease is a scary side effect. But what do you do if this is one of the only medications you can afford for your diabetes?
You have to weigh risk vs benefit.
If other options are too expensive and your blood sugars are in a healthy range on sulfonyulreas, then your best bet is using them.
That’s simply because if you’re prescribed a medication you can’t afford, you won’t be able to take it on a regular basis. Which means your blood sugars will be in unhealthy ranges more often.
And the leading complication of poorly controlled diabetes is…… heart disease.
You can decrease your overall risks for heart disease by following the foundations of diabetes treatment—-weight loss, healthy eating, exercise and taking your medications consistently.
–
Are all sulfonylureas created equal?
No!
Glyburide and glimepiride have been linked to more severe low blood sugars than glipizide, especially if you’re an older adult or have other health conditions like kidney disease. Your best option, if this scenario fits you, is to ask to be switched to glipizide.
–
What does the “Medical World” think about these medications?
Your risk for, or history of, heart disease is now considered the MOST important factor for narrowing down medication options for you. Other considerations are decreasing risk for low blood sugar, promoting weight loss/minimizing weight gain, and cost. These factors leave sulfonylureas low on the list of options (with the exception of cost).
Many major organizations like the American Diabetes Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists have continued to shift sulfonylureas lower and lower on the list as many other medications with “extra” benefits rise to the top.
Melanie J. Davies et al. Dia Care 2018;41:2669-2701
–
Final thoughts on sulfonylureas…
Use these medications if you cannot afford other options.
If you can afford other diabetes medication options, ask your primary care provider (PCP) if making a switch to one with “extra” benefits is an option for you.
If you’re on insulin, ask your PCP if you can stop using these medications to decrease your chance of low blood sugars.
You get what you pay for when it comes to this group of medications. They are low cost and they’re good at lowering blood sugars, but you won’t get more out of them than that!
–
Take Aways:
Remember that no type or amount of medication for T2D means you’re better or worse. It’s more important that your diabetes plan (healthy eating, exercise, and medication) is giving you healthy blood sugars most of the time.
Not every medication is for every BODY. Diabetes medications are not a one-size fits all. Keep in contact with your diabetes educator or your PCP if you are struggling with side effects of medications or if you are still having high blood sugars after starting your medication.
Like what you read? Share this post with others living with Type 2 Diabetes!
Megan
Recipe of the Week!
Looking for a refreshing treat??? Try Frozen Yogurt Bark with Blueberries and Almonds from the Diabetic Foodie. Click on the link below for the full recipe!
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Side effect Glucotrol CL tablets 5mgFor the slow-acting form of glipizide: From the nervous system and sensory organs: dizziness, headache, insomnia, drowsiness, anxiety, depression, confusion, gait disturbance, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, blurred vision, eye pain, conjunctivitis, retinal hemorrhage …From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): syncope, arrhythmia, arterial hypertension, hot flashes. From the side of metabolism: hypoglycemia. From the digestive tract: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, dyspepsia, constipation, blood in the stool. From the side of the skin: rash, urticaria, itching. From the respiratory system: rhinitis, pharyngitis, dyspnea. From the genitourinary system: dysuria, decreased libido. Others: thirst, tremors, peripheral edema, non-localized pain throughout the body, arthralgia, myalgia, convulsions, sweating.For the fast-acting form of glipizide: From the nervous system and sensory organs: headache, dizziness, drowsiness. On the part of the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis: leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, hemolytic or aplastic anemia. epigastric region, constipation, cholestatic hepatitis (yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera, discoloration of the stool and darkening of urine, pain in the right hypochondrium).On the part of the skin: erythema, maculopapular rash, urticaria, photosensitivity. Others: an increase in the concentration of LDH, alkaline phosphatase, indirect bilirubin. |
GLIPIZID instruction, application, composition, side effects, description, contraindications
Synonyms
Antidiab, Glibenese, Glinese, Glucotrol XL, Minidiab.
Composition and form of release
Glipizides. Tablets (5 mg, 10 mg).
Pharmacological action
Glipizide is an oral hypoglycemic agent, belongs to the II generation sulfonylurea derivatives. Stimulates the secretion of insulin by the beta-endocrinocytes of the pancreas, increases the release of insulin.
Increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. Possesses hypolipidemic, fibrinolytic properties, inhibits platelet aggregation.The action begins 10-30 minutes after taking the drug.
Readings
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (with ineffective diet therapy).
Application
The dose is set individually depending on the clinical picture of the disease. The initial daily dose is 2.5-5 mg. The maximum single dose is 15 mg. The maximum daily dose is 45 mg. Frequency rate of admission – 2-4 r / day 30 minutes before meals.
When prescribing glipizide after the use of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents, one should take into account the rapid flow of glipizide into the blood and control the dose according to the level of glycemia 2-4 r / day in the first 4-5 days.With the development of hypoglycemia, if the patient is conscious, glucose (or sugar solution) is administered orally.
In case of loss of consciousness, glucose is administered intravenously or glucagon s / c, intramuscularly or intravenously. After the restoration of consciousness, it is necessary to give the patient food rich in carbohydrates in order to avoid the re-development of hypoglycemia. In case of injuries, severe infections, extensive surgical interventions, the patient must be transferred to the use of insulin.
Side effects
– Rarely – hypoglycemia (especially in elderly, debilitated patients, with irregular food intake, alcohol consumption, impaired liver and kidney function), dyspepsia, headache, which disappear with dose adjustment.
– Cutaneous ARs are rare, have a transient nature, drug withdrawal is not required.
– Extremely rare – hematopoietic disorders.
Contraindications
Type 1 diabetes, states of decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism (ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma and coma), impaired renal and / or liver function.
Pregnancy, lactation. Hypersensitivity to sulfonylurea derivatives, sulfonamides.
Interaction with other drugs
With simultaneous administration with salicylates, sulfonamides, alcohol intake, a severe hypoglycemic reaction may develop.Carefully prescribed with BAB. Thiazide diuretics, synthetic progestins, GCS weaken the effect of the drug.
Is there no glipizide isto kao and glipizide cl? 2021 | K
At the end of the day of the use of glipizide cl, without exchange of the prescription, the online shop has just swapped out the cakes from glipizide – is it the generic look? Does the lecovim stand up to the difference?
Speak on ovo food
Speak (3)
ID Inactive Aug 4, 2010
EP or KSL means prolonged oslobaњe.
Technologia oslobaђaњa times, such a cognized kao promoted oslobaђaњe (SR), uzdrzhano business (SA), promoted oslobaђaњe (EP, KSR or KSL), temporal oslobaђaњe or vremenski oslobaђoo Continuously oslobaђe (CR or Tsontin), not to the mechanisms of koi se cinnamon in the tabletam or capsule pill, so melt polako and osloba lek for times. Predictions of a tablet or a capsule, we will prolong the trial, so I really can use the same formula as the source of the lycea with a trenchant osloba, that and one will result in a stable field of blood in the blood stream.
Nadam se da ovo anoint.
Glasova: +2 AT Nando15 4.August 2010. t
Praise – perfect information and good information!
ID Inactive Aug 4, 2010
Visa, I received goodness.
SU suzanne66 Aug 4, 2010
Yes. Glipizide EP and Glipizide KSL su generic version of the original brand Glutsotrol KSL.
General su dugotraјne formula.
With our available generic glipizidnym versiјama dodeљen јe “AB” renting to the country of the FDA, which means yes bi demanded yes I will be equivalent to Glutsotrol KSL, Mada always differs from inactive sastocyma.
Glasova: +2 AT Nando15 4. August 2010. t
Good nobility about generic approval from the FDA country – praise!
A aladi90 24 January 2018
GLIPIZIDE XL tablet, we will push it out from the bottom of the tablet, similar to the conventional tablet. He is, meutim, often one osmosis of active outflow of lek surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane. Ezgra itself is divided into two layers: “active” layers of koјi sadji lek and “push” layers of koјi sardzhi pharmacoloshki are not inert (or osmotically active) component.The membrane that surrounds the tablet is not permeable for water, or not for leaking or inspection. Kako water from the gastrointestinal tract ulazi in the tablet, pritisak se-veћava in the osmotic layer and “gura” in the layer, which brings the laserski opening to the oslobaђa lek croz mali the opening of the laserski is poached at the membrane on the tablet page.
Glipizide KSL corystic system osmotkogo imprinting for oslobaђa leka croz gastrointestinal tract. (follow the description in the manual)
Glipizide EP corystic polymeric matrix is supposed to be less active.Nishta near the capital.
Expand …
Function of GLIPIZIDE KSL tablet, we will extend the function depending on the constant osmosis gradient, I will change the sadrzha biplane burnout and flow in the GI tract. The bioloshes are inert to the tablet component and remain untouched with the current of GI transit and eliminisu se u fecesu kao insoluble љuska.
GE genisis1 28 Apr 2018
My art with glipizide cl and glipizide er and glipizide cl oderzhava mosheer in bloodworms is much more controlled by the od of glipizide.Glipizide gives the result of the sher test in the blood for 20 to 30 baud vyshe od Glipizide KSL. Nakon obјashњeњa kako sako for the sake of, we see it, and we see it.
Rekao himself told the doctor about the volume and she didn’t write a prescription for Glutsotrol XL. Apothecary even though the plan is not covering the ovo and eating, but then decide Dr.
Praise.
Lovell
Speak on ovo food
.