What is considered normal vaginal discharge. How to identify signs of infection. What are common causes of abnormal discharge. When should you see a doctor for vaginal discharge.

Understanding Normal Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge is a natural and healthy bodily function. Most women produce clear or white discharge from their vagina, which originates from the cervix (neck of the womb). This discharge serves several important purposes, including keeping the vagina clean and protecting it from infections.

The amount and consistency of vaginal discharge can vary throughout the menstrual cycle. It’s important for women to become familiar with their typical discharge patterns to more easily recognize any changes that may indicate a problem.

Characteristics of Healthy Discharge

• Clear or white in color
• No strong smell
• May cause a feeling of wetness, but shouldn’t cause itching or soreness
• Amount varies throughout menstrual cycle
• Brown discharge usually indicates the end of a period

During pregnancy, many women experience an increase in discharge, often referred to as “pregnancy discharge.” This is typically normal and helps protect the developing fetus from infections.

Recognizing Signs of Unhealthy Discharge

While some variation in vaginal discharge is normal, certain changes can indicate an infection or other health issue. It’s crucial to be aware of these warning signs:

• Change in color or consistency
• Sudden unpleasant odor
• Unusually large amount of discharge
• Accompanying symptoms like itching, pelvic pain, or abdominal discomfort
• Unexpected vaginal bleeding

If you notice any of these changes or are unsure whether your discharge is normal, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if necessary.

Common Causes of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge is often a sign of infection. These infections can be caused by various factors, including disruptions to the natural balance of bacteria or yeast in the vagina, or through sexual transmission. Here are some of the most common causes:

Thrush (Candidiasis)

Thrush is a fungal infection that commonly affects the vagina. It’s characterized by:

• Thick, white discharge (resembling cottage cheese)
• Intense itching and soreness around the vagina
• Slight yeasty odor

Thrush is not sexually transmitted and can be easily treated with over-the-counter antifungal medications.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there’s an imbalance in the normal bacteria found in the vagina. Symptoms include:

• Grey or white discharge
• Strong fishy odor, especially after sexual intercourse
• Usually no itching or irritation

BV is not sexually transmitted and can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite. It can cause:

• Frothy, yellow, or green discharge
• Unpleasant fishy odor
• Soreness, swelling, and itching around the vagina
• Pain during urination

This STI requires antibiotic treatment prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginal Discharge

Several sexually transmitted infections can cause abnormal vaginal discharge. Two common STIs that affect discharge are chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

These bacterial STIs may cause:

• Abnormal discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during urination
• Bleeding between periods or after sex

Gonorrhea specifically can cause the discharge to turn green. Both conditions require antibiotic treatment and should be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent complications.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus, can lead to:

• Painful, red blisters or sores around the genitals
• Abnormal vaginal discharge

Antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce outbreaks, but the virus remains in the body permanently.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While some minor variations in vaginal discharge are normal, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Any sudden change in the color, consistency, or odor of your discharge
• Itching, burning, or soreness in the vaginal area
• Pain during urination or sexual intercourse
• Unexplained vaginal bleeding
• Abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by abnormal discharge

Early diagnosis and treatment of vaginal infections and STIs are crucial to prevent potential complications and protect your reproductive health.

Preventing Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

While it’s not always possible to prevent abnormal vaginal discharge, there are several steps you can take to maintain vaginal health and reduce your risk of infections:

1. Practice good hygiene: Clean the external genital area with mild soap and water, and always wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
2. Avoid douching: This can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and increase the risk of infections.
3. Wear breathable underwear: Choose cotton or other natural, breathable fabrics to help keep the vaginal area dry.
4. Practice safe sex: Use condoms consistently and correctly to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
5. Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in probiotics can help support vaginal health.
6. Avoid irritants: Steer clear of scented products, harsh soaps, and tight-fitting synthetic clothing that can irritate the vaginal area.

By following these preventive measures, you can help maintain a healthy vaginal environment and reduce the likelihood of developing abnormal discharge or infections.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

If you’re concerned about abnormal vaginal discharge, it’s important to seek professional medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here’s what you can expect during the diagnostic process:

Medical History and Physical Examination

Your healthcare provider will likely start by asking about your symptoms, sexual history, and any recent changes in your hygiene habits or medications. They will then perform a physical examination, which may include a pelvic exam to visually inspect the vagina and cervix.

Laboratory Tests

To determine the cause of abnormal discharge, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following tests:

• Vaginal pH test: To check the acidity of your vagina, which can indicate certain infections.
• Microscopic examination of the discharge: To look for signs of yeast, bacteria, or parasites.
• Cultures: To identify specific bacteria or fungi causing the infection.
• STI screening: If a sexually transmitted infection is suspected.

Treatment Options

The treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge depends on the underlying cause. Common treatments include:

• Antifungal medications for yeast infections (thrush)
• Antibiotics for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea
• Antiviral medications for genital herpes

It’s crucial to complete the full course of any prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished. In some cases, your sexual partner(s) may also need treatment to prevent reinfection.

The Importance of Sexual Health and Regular Check-ups

Maintaining good sexual health is an essential aspect of overall well-being. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help detect and address any issues early on, preventing potential complications and ensuring optimal reproductive health.

Benefits of Regular Sexual Health Check-ups

• Early detection of STIs and other vaginal infections
• Prevention of potential complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease
• Opportunity to discuss concerns and ask questions about sexual health
• Access to contraception and family planning services
• Screening for cervical cancer through Pap smears

How often should you have a sexual health check-up? The frequency of check-ups depends on various factors, including your age, sexual activity, and risk factors. Generally, sexually active individuals should consider getting tested for STIs at least once a year or whenever they have a new sexual partner.

Where to Seek Sexual Health Services

There are several options for accessing sexual health services:

• Primary care physician or gynecologist
• Family planning clinics
• Genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics
• Sexual health clinics
• Community health centers

Many of these facilities offer confidential testing and treatment for STIs, as well as counseling and education on sexual health matters.

Remember, taking care of your sexual health is an important part of maintaining your overall health and well-being. Don’t hesitate to seek professional advice if you have any concerns about vaginal discharge or other aspects of your sexual health.

Vaginal discharge | nidirect

It’s normal and healthy to produce a clear or white discharge from your vagina. This mucus is produced naturally from the neck of the womb, known as the cervix.

How to tell if your discharge is unhealthy 

The amount of vaginal discharge varies throughout your menstrual cycle (brown discharge is usually the end of your period).

Most pregnant women will get a ’pregnancy discharge’.

Healthy discharge doesn’t have a strong smell or colour.

You may feel an uncomfortable wetness, but you shouldn’t have any itching or soreness around your vagina.

Any sudden change to your discharge may suggest a vaginal infection.

You should be aware of how your discharge naturally varies throughout your cycle and what isn’t normal.

However, obvious warning signs of infection are:

• a change in colour or consistency
• a sudden bad smell
• an unusually large amount of discharge
• another symptom alongside the discharge, such as itching outside your vagina or pain in your pelvis or tummy
• unexpected bleeding from the vagina

If you’re not sure whether your discharge is normal and are worried about it, see your GP or practice nurse at your GP surgery.  

• Sexual health

Common causes of abnormal discharge 

There are many possible causes of abnormal vaginal discharge.

However, it’s usually a sign of infection.

The infection is often caused by something that upsets the natural balance of bacteria or yeast in your vagina, such as washing inside the vagina, or it may be sexually transmitted.

The most common causes are:

• thrush – a fungal infection that commonly affects the vagina
• bacterial vaginosis – a bacterial infection of the vagina
• trichomoniasis – a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a tiny parasite
• gonorrhoea or chlamydia – STIs caused by bacteria
• genital herpes – an STI caused by the herpes simplex virus

The information below may help you identify the cause of your discharge.

However, it’s important to see your GP for a proper diagnosis and advice on how to treat the infection.

Watery or white vaginal discharge with intense itchiness 

If your discharge is thin and watery, or thick and white (like cottage cheese), you may have thrush.

This common fungal infection causes intense itchiness and soreness around your vagina.

The discharge may smell slightly yeasty, but doesn’t have a strong smell.

Almost all women get thrush from time to time and it’s not sexually transmitted.

It’s easily treated with anti-fungal medicine, which can be bought over the counter from your pharmacist.

White or grey fishy-smelling discharge 

If your vaginal discharge is grey or develops a strong fishy smell, particularly after sexual intercourse, you could have bacterial vaginosis (BV).

BV is an imbalance in the normal bacteria found in your vagina. 

It doesn’t usually cause itching or irritation.

Like thrush, BV is very common and isn’t sexually transmitted.

It’s easily treated with antibiotics. 

See your GP if you think you might have it.

Green, yellow or frothy discharge 

Trichomoniasis is a common STI caused by a tiny parasite. 

It can make your vaginal discharge frothy, yellow or green.

You may have a lot of discharge, which may also have an unpleasant fishy smell.

Other possible symptoms are soreness, swelling and itching around the vagina, and pain when passing urine.

Trichomoniasis is treated with an antibiotic that your GP can prescribe.

If you are sexually active and if you are unsure about your partner’s sexual history, you risk getting STIs. 

If you have trichomoniasis, you should visit genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic or sexual health clinic as it can exist alongside other STIs.

Abnormal discharge with pain or bleeding 

See your GP or go to a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic as soon as possible if your vaginal discharge is abnormal and you have:

• pain in your pelvis
• pain when you urinate
• bleeding between periods or after sex

You may have chlamydia or gonorrhoea (both STIs).

Gonorrhoea can make your discharge turn green, although often the pain or bleeding are more noticeable.

Both conditions are treated with antibiotics.

You will need to visit a local GUM or sexual health clinic or see your GP.

Untreated gonorrhoea or chlamydia may spread upwards and lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, a serious infection of the womb, fallopian tubes or ovaries.

If you ignore your symptoms you may have problems with fertility and pregnancy as a result of not being treated in time.

Abnormal discharge with blisters around the genitals 

Genital herpes can cause painful, red blisters or sores to appear around your genitals, as well as an abnormal vaginal discharge.

See your GP or go to a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic as soon as possible.

You may be offered a course of antiviral tablets, which stop the herpes virus multiplying, but the symptoms may have a tendency to return.

Young girls and post-menopausal women 

It’s unusual for young girls to have abnormal vaginal discharge before they’ve gone through puberty.  

If this happens, they should see a GP. 

A common cause is a type of vulvitis (inflammation of the vulval area), caused by a streptococcal infection.

Abnormal discharge is also unusual in older women.

If you’ve gone through the menopause and suddenly notice an abnormal vaginal discharge, see your doctor as soon as possible.

Possible causes include:

• a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
• cervical polyps – non-cancerous growths in the womb or lining of the cervix (neck of the womb)
• an intrauterine device (IUD)

It’s also important to rule out cervical cancer or endometrial cancer.

Cleaning your vagina 

The vagina is self-cleansing, so there is no need to wash inside it (called douching).

Douching can upset the natural balance of bacteria and fungi in your vagina and lead to thrush or bacterial vaginosis.

Vaginal soreness and abnormal vaginal discharge can also be caused by overusing perfumed soaps, bubble baths and shower gels.

Never clean your vagina with anything strongly perfumed.

Use a mild soap and warm water to gently wash around your genitals.

More useful links

• How to use your health services

Help improve this page – send your feedback

What It Means and When to Be Concerned

Grey Discharge: What It Means and When to Be Concerned

• Health Conditions
  • Featured
    • Breast Cancer
    • IBD
    • Migraine
    • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Articles
    • Acid Reflux
    • ADHD
    • Allergies
    • Alzheimer’s & Dementia
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • Cancer
    • Crohn’s Disease
    • Chronic Pain
    • Cold & Flu
    • COPD
    • Depression
    • Fibromyalgia
    • Heart Disease
    • High Cholesterol
    • HIV
    • Hypertension
    • IPF
    • Osteoarthritis
    • Psoriasis
    • Skin Disorders and Care
    • STDs
• Discover
  • Wellness Topics
    • Nutrition
    • Fitness
    • Skin Care
    • Sexual Health
    • Women’s Health
    • Mental Well-Being
    • Sleep
  • Product Reviews
    • Vitamins & Supplements
    • Sleep
    • Mental Health
    • Nutrition
    • At-Home Testing
    • CBD
    • Men’s Health
  • Original Series
    • Fresh Food Fast
    • Diagnosis Diaries
    • You’re Not Alone
    • Present Tense
  • Video Series
    • Youth in Focus
    • Healthy Harvest
    • No More Silence
    • Future of Health
• Plan
  • Health Challenges
    • Mindful Eating
    • Sugar Savvy
    • Move Your Body
    • Gut Health
    • Mood Foods
    • Align Your Spine
  • Find Care
    • Primary Care
    • Mental Health
    • OB-GYN
    • Dermatologists
    • Neurologists
    • Cardiologists
    • Orthopedists
  • Lifestyle Quizzes
    • Weight Management
    • Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
    • Are You a Workaholic?
    • How Well Do You Sleep?
  • Tools & Resources
    • Health News
    • Find a Diet
    • Find Healthy Snacks
    • Drugs A-Z
    • Health A-Z
• Connect
  • • Breast Cancer
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Psoriatic Arthritis
    • Migraine
    • Multiple Sclerosis
    • Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph. D., MSN — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA on May 22, 2019

Vaginal discharge is a normal part of your body’s functioning. By releasing fluid, the vagina can maintain its pH balance and eliminate potentially infectious bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

It typically ranges in color from clear to white. But when it takes on an unusual color, like green or grey, it’s usually your body’s way of telling you that there may be a problem.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) happens when there’s an overgrowth of bacteria in your vagina. Your vagina naturally contains bacteria, but sometimes harmful bacteria can overpower beneficial bacteria, resulting in BV.

One of the hallmark symptoms of BV is grey discharge. The unusual color is due to a collection of bacteria, white blood cells, and cellular waste products.

Other symptoms of BV include:

• a burning sensation when urinating
• unusual discharge
• foamy or watery discharge
• vaginal itching

Keep in mind that BV symptoms can appear very similar to those of a yeast infection. However, the discharge caused by a yeast infection tends to be lumpy and white.

BV requires treatment with prescription antibiotics. Left untreated, it can increase your risk of certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it’s important to see your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of BV.

While BV is the most likely cause of grey discharge, other things can cause it as well.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is an STI caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. One of its most noticeable symptoms is unusually colored discharge.

In some cases it appears grey, but it can also have more of a yellow or green tint.

Other symptoms of trichomoniasis include:

• a burning sensation in the vaginal area
• irritation
• pain when urinating
• redness
• vulvar swelling

Trichomoniasis usually responds well to a single dose of antibiotics.

You can transmit the infection to sexual partners, so it’s important to get tested as soon as you notice symptoms. Be sure to inform your recent sexual partners so they can get tested, too.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is an STI that can cause green or grey vaginal discharge, though it doesn’t always cause symptoms.

When symptoms occur, they can include:

• painful urination
• rectal bleeding or unusual discharge
• unexplained vaginal bleeding

Chlamydia requires antibiotic treatment. And as with trichomoniasis, be sure to tell any recent sexual partners about your diagnosis so they can get tested.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is an STI that often doesn’t cause symptoms, making it particularly easy to unknowingly transmit to a partner. But some people might notice yellow-green discharge that appears grey to some.

Additional symptoms can include:

• frequent urination
• painful urination
• rectal bleeding
• vaginal bleeding

As with other STIs, gonorrhea requires antibiotic treatment.

Vaginal cancer

In rare cases, grey discharge may be symptom of vaginal cancer. Cancer-related discharge may also look blood-tinged or brown and be heavier than usual.

Other symptoms associated with vaginal cancer include:

• back pain
• constipation
• leg swelling
• lower abdominal pain
• a lump in the vagina that you can feel
• pain during sex
• pain when urinating
• pelvic pain

Vaginal cancer is easier to treat in its early stages, so it’s best to see your healthcare provider right away if you think you have symptoms of vaginal cancer.

Vaginal discharge is completely normal, but it’s unusual for it to be grey.

In most cases, it’s a sign of either BV or an underlying infection. Both of these require prescription antibiotics, so it’s best to see your healthcare provider regardless of your other symptoms.

During your appointment, be sure to tell them when your symptoms began, any recent changes in your sexual activity, and whether anything makes your symptoms better or worse.

Grey discharge is usually a sign of some kind of infection. Left untreated, these can lead to more serious issues, including pelvic inflammatory disease.

With appropriate treatment, you should make a full recovery within a week of starting antibiotics.

Last medically reviewed on May 22, 2019

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Bacterial vaginosis. (2019).
  womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis
• Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. (2019).
  acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Chlamydia-Gonorrhea-and-Syphilis?IsMobileSet=false
• Signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer. (2018).
  cancer.org/cancer/vaginal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms. html
• Vaginitis. (2017).
  acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Vaginitis?IsMobileSet=false

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., MSN — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA on May 22, 2019

Read this next

• What Causes Black Discharge and How Is It Treated?

  Medically reviewed by Valinda Riggins Nwadike, MD, MPH

  Black vaginal discharge may look alarming, but it isn’t always a reason for concern. You could see this color throughout your cycle, usually around…

  READ MORE

• Orange Vaginal Discharge: Is It Normal?

  Medically reviewed by Holly Ernst, PA-C

  Learn about orange vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge can be a normal and healthy occurrence. But orange discharge may be a sign of a number of…

  READ MORE

• What Causes Sticky Vaginal Discharge?

  Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI

  Learn what it means if your vaginal discharge has increased in volume, changed texture, or has an unexpected color or odor. Learn when to call your…

  READ MORE

• What Causes Yellow Discharge Before Your Period?

  Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT

  Here are nine possible causes for yellow discharge before your period, plus signs that you should see a doctor.

  READ MORE

• You’re So Wet Down There — What Does That Mean?

  You feel wet down there — but what is it exactly? How do you know if it’s arousal, normal fluids, or urine? We talk to an expert who decodes what the…

  READ MORE

• The Ultimate Vaginal Discharge Color Guide

  Vaginal discharge can say a lot about your health. Most of the time it’s typical, even if it’s a different color. Here’s our color swatch guide to…

  READ MORE

• Can Cervical Mucus Changes Be an Early Sign of Pregnancy?

  Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI

  Learn whether changes to your cervical mucus could be an early sign of pregnancy. What are the different types of cervical mucus, and what is normal…

  READ MORE

• What’s Causing Brown Discharge After My Period?

  Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph. D., MSN

  Brown discharge after your period is usually not a cause for concern, but some accompanying symptoms could be a sign of a problem. Here’s what you…

  READ MORE

• What to Expect During Labiaplasty Recovery

  Medically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, M.D.

  Labiaplasty recovery has several different phases, each marked by its own set of sensations and activity guidelines. Here’s what to expect.

  READ MORE

Unpleasant smell in the intimate area: causes and treatment

Normally, the main representatives of the vaginal microbiocenosis are lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus), which predominate over all the others. Some representatives of the microbial community are opportunistic, which are present in the vagina in small quantities. At the same time, the growth and number of opportunistic microorganisms are controlled by the “beneficial” flora. Lactobacilli produce lactic acid, due to which an acidic environment is normally maintained in the vagina (pH 3. 8-4.4). On the one hand, these are favorable conditions for the reproduction of lactobacilli, on the other hand, most pathogenic microbes cannot live and multiply in them ^1-3 .

Normally, with the correct ratio of microorganisms in the vagina with a predominance of “useful” lactobacilli and sufficient production of lactic acid, the smell in the vagina is either slightly acidic or absent.

Under various adverse conditions in the body, the ratio of microorganisms in the microbiocenosis of the intimate zone may change. At the same time, the natural healthy balance is disturbed, the number of lactobacilli decreases, and the growth of opportunistic microbes begins in large numbers, which may be associated with the appearance of one or another unpleasant odor.

An unpleasant odor is a kind of indicator of the presence of a disease or a violation of the microflora in the intimate area.

What types of odor can be present in the vagina, and what do they indicate

Sharp sour smell

A sharp sour smell in the intimate area (the smell of kefir, sour milk) is more often associated with the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis (“thrush”). Other signs of this disease are the appearance of “curdled” vaginal discharge, itching and burning in the vulva. Candidiasis is associated with the active reproduction of fungi of the genus Candida.

The nature of the discharge usually changes during the menstrual cycle, but in the absence of diseases, it never loses the properties characteristic of normal discharge.

The smell of fish

The fishy smell (the smell of rotten fish), as well as the smell of bleach is associated with an infectious non-inflammatory process, in which abundant growth, as a rule, of different types of microorganisms occurs in the vagina. In this situation, a gynecologist often diagnoses a woman with bacterial vaginosis. This disease, which is based on a violation of the normal microflora and the reproduction of opportunistic bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and a number of others). Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by heavy to moderate grayish-white discharge from the vagina.

Specific purulent smell

Specific “purulent” unpleasant odor is characteristic of inflammatory diseases: inflammation in the vagina (colpitis), inflammation in the cervix (cervicitis), inflammatory processes in the uterus (endometritis) and in the fallopian tubes and ovaries (salpingoophoritis ). Characteristic signs of inflammation are abundant pus-like discharge from the vagina, painful sensations of varying intensity in the lower abdomen, and sometimes an increase in body temperature. The causative agents of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are various pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Among the causative agents of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), gonococci, chlamydia, Trichomonas are common.

The smell of garlic or onions

The smell of garlic or onions may indicate the presence of inflammatory diseases (colpitis, cervicitis), and may also be associated with a violation of the vaginal microflora, a decrease in the number of lactobacilli and the predominance of mixed flora, as well as evidence of immunodeficiency and metabolic disorders in the body.

Diagnosis

The basis of diagnosis in the presence of an unpleasant odor in the intimate area is the identification of specific microorganisms that led to the appearance of this symptom. There are various laboratory diagnostic methods that detect the presence of certain pathogens.

If there is an unpleasant smell in the intimate area, a woman should consult a gynecologist. The specialist will be able to correctly assign the examination algorithm.

The standard diagnostic scheme includes:

• A conversation with a doctor at the appointment about disturbing symptoms scopic examination of smears from the vagina, methods PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to determine the DNA of the pathogen, inoculation of microorganisms from a vaginal smear on special nutrient media (to identify the growth of certain bacteria) and other studies)

Treatment of gynecological diseases accompanied by an unpleasant odor

An unpleasant odor in the intimate area is not an independent disease, it is a symptom that indicates the presence of a pathological process in the genitals. Therefore, in order to eliminate an unpleasant odor, it is necessary to determine and treat the cause of this symptom.

As a rule, an unpleasant smell appears with the active growth and reproduction of a certain type of bacteria, so the main goal of therapy is to destroy them or reduce the number of pathogens to a normal level.

The choice of remedy will depend on the type of microorganism that has caused the malodorous disease.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by fungi of the genus Candida is treated with antifungal drugs, and it is also possible to use some antiseptics that have antifungal activity (for example, Betadine ^® ).

For sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses, bacteria, or protozoa, systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics by mouth are usually prescribed in combination with topical antibacterial or antiseptic agents in the vagina.

Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial disease . It is treated in most cases with the appointment of local vaginal preparations that can reduce the amount of opportunistic flora.

When combinations of certain microorganisms cause an unpleasant odor in the intimate area, the choice of agent depends on the spectrum of its action. Preference is given to drugs with a wide spectrum of action with a good safety profile.

Betadine® suppositories for the treatment of diseases that cause unpleasant smell in the intimate area

One of the widely used drugs for treatment and prevention in gynecology is Betadine ^® , which is available in the form of vaginal suppositories. The active substance of Betadine ^® is povidone-iodine – a complex of iodine and povidone, which acts as a “carrier” and depot.

When the drug acts in the area of ​​inflammation, active iodine is gradually released from the depot, which has a wide spectrum of action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi and some protozoa. Thanks to the polymer molecule, iodine is able to penetrate to a depth of about 1 mm into inflamed tissues, while subsequently not disturbing their recovery processes ⁹ .

Studies have shown a significant effect of free iodine against viruses and bacteria, even at low concentrations, exceeding those of other antiseptics. Good tolerability and a high safety profile of the drug ⁹ were also revealed.

Instruction

Where to buy Betadine® suppositories?

Buy

Buy

Buy

Or

Find nearest pharmacy

Search

The advantages of Betadine ^® can be considered:

• High activity and wide spectrum of action (can be used for inflammation in the vagina of various etiologies)
• Absence of registered cases of “addiction” and decrease in sensitivity to the action of the drug
• Creation of favorable conditions for the restoration of normal vaginal microflora after treatment by normalizing the acidity of the vaginal environment
• Wide availability (availability of the drug and low cost) ^8,9,10

Betadine ^® is available as a vaginal suppository, ointment and solution for external use.

The maximum effect of exposure to microorganisms occurs within the first 30 seconds, and after 1 minute the death of most microbes is observed ¹¹ . Indications for the use of suppositories Betadine ^® are acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the vagina, mixed non-specific infections, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, as well as trichomoniasis (belongs to STIs) and prevention before gynecological operations ¹¹ .

For the treatment of inflammatory processes in the vagina, as well as for prophylaxis before surgery, Betadine ^® is used 1 vaginal suppository for 7 days at night.

Thus, due to the effect on a wide range of microorganisms and the ease of use of the suppository, Betadine ^® can be called a universal remedy for the treatment of diseases associated with the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the intimate area.

Prevention

Prevention of diseases associated with the appearance of an unpleasant smell in the intimate area, includes:

• Compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene
• Maintaining immunity
• Regular visits to a gynecologist

900 12 Frequently Asked Questions

Is it normal to change the smell in intimate area during one menstrual cycle?

During the menstrual cycle in a woman’s body, the amount of certain hormones is constantly changing, as well as their ratio to each other. This may be associated with some change in the species composition of microbiocenosis, the number of certain bacteria. However, even with changing hormonal parameters, the smell in the intimate area should not be sharp, unpleasant, and wear other signs of the pathology described above.

What does the smell of iron from the vagina mean?

The smell of iron is normal during menstrual bleeding, this is a sign of the presence of blood in the vagina. In the middle of the menstrual cycle, infrequently, the smell of iron may appear along with streaks of blood or small sanious secretions that accompany the process of ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary).

What kind of intimate hygiene products will help to cope with the smell in the intimate area?

If the smell in the intimate area is a concern, you should see a specialist. In the absence of pathology, if the smell in the intimate area is still a concern, you can use special products for intimate hygiene, which should not include aggressive components (alcohol, alkali, dyes). For example, Zalagel ^® Intimacy contains tea tree oil, which has a protective and deodorizing effect, helping to maintain comfort in the intimate area.

Molchanov Oleg Leonidovich

Gynecologist, reproductive specialist, doctor of medical sciences.

Read on topic

Vaginal discharge

What are vaginal discharges and how to distinguish normal from pathological leucorrhea?

More

Bacterial vaginosis

Almost 90% of women with abnormal discharge are diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. Why does this disease occur and how is it treated?

Read more

Treatment of vaginitis

When does vaginitis occur – inflammation of the vaginal mucosa? Causes and treatment of this disease.

Read more

References

1. Medzhidova M. K., Zaidieva Z. S., Veresova A. A. Vaginal microbiocenosis and factors affecting its condition // Medical Council No. 3-2 2013.
2. Buchta V. Vaginal microbiome. Vaginal microbiom. Ceska Gynekol. 2018;83(5):371-379.
3. Saraf VS, Sheikh SA, Ahmad A, Gillevet PM, Bokhari H, Javed S. Vaginal microbiome: normalcy vs dysbiosis. Arch Microbiol. 2021 Sep;203(7):3793-3802. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02414-3. Epub 2021 Jun 13. PMID: 34120200.
4. Romero Herrero D, Andreu Domingo A. Vaginosis bacteriana [Bacterial vaginosis]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016 Jul;34 Suppl 3:14-8. Spanish. doi: 10.1016/S0213-005X(16)30214-2. PMID: 27474242.
5. Donders GGG, Bellen G, Grinceviciene S, Ruban K, Vieira-Baptista P. Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger. Res Microbiol. 2017 Nov-Dec;168(9-10):845-858. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 May 11. PMID: 28502874.
6. McCormack D, Koons K. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2019 Nov;37(4):725-738. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.009. Epub 2019 Aug 24. PMID: 31563204.
7. Marnach ML, Wygant JN, Casey PM. Evaluation and Management of Vaginitis. Mayo Clinic Proc. February 2022;97(2):347-358. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.022. PMID: 35120697.
8. Tikhomirov A.L., Sarsania S.I., Tuskaev K.S. The relevance of the use of povidone-iodine in the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist // RMJ No. 1 of 01/30/2014.
9. Eggers M. Infectious Disease Management and Control with Povidone Iodine. Infect Dis Ther. 2019 Dec;8(4):581-593. doi: 10.1007/s40121-019-00260-x. Epub 2019 Aug 14. Erratum in: Infect Dis Ther. 2019 Aug 22;: PMID: 31414403; PMCID: PMC6856232.
10. Kramer A, Dissemond J, Kim S, Willy C, Mayer D, Papke R, Tuchmann F, Assadian O. Consensus on wound antisepsis: update 2018. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2018;31(1):28–58.
11. Instructions for use Betadine ^® suppositories PH: P No. 015282/01.

Smell of fish there? Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal dysbiosis

Authors

category

Vaginosis

Saprykina Lyudmila Vitalievna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Russian National Research Medical University. N.I. Pirogova, obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest qualification category.

Bacterial vaginosis is an infectious disease of the female genital area with characteristic profuse vaginal discharge, often with an unpleasant odor and the absence of an inflammatory reaction of the vaginal epithelium. It is characterized by a sharp decrease or even complete absence of lactobacilli. Normally, lactobacilli play a leading role in the vaginal biocenosis, accounting for up to 95% of microflora and responsible for its resistance to infectious agents. It is lactobacilli that produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, maintaining the acidic reaction of the vaginal secretion and thus inhibiting the growth of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms.

The microflora of the vagina is very variable and reacts both to external factors and to changes in the state of the woman’s body. It is actively influenced by hormonal and physiological changes associated, for example, with puberty, pregnancy, menopause. The phases of the menstrual cycle, as well as its violations, sexual activity, antibiotics, hormone therapy, surgical interventions, etc. are reflected in the biocenosis.

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when, as a result of exposure to one or more predisposing factors, the number of lactobacilli in the vagina decreases, the acid reaction of the environment is replaced by an alkaline one, and thus comfortable conditions are created for the reproduction of opportunistic microorganisms.

• Hormonal disorders (during pregnancy, after childbirth, during menopause)
• Receiving combined
  oral contraceptives (COCs)
• Violation of local immunity
• Frequent change of sexual partners
• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital area
• Taking antibiotics
• Non-compliance with rules
  intimate hygiene, including frequent douching
• Long-term use of the intrauterine device

Bacterial vaginosis – symptoms in women

The main symptom of bacterial vaginosis in women is profuse discharge with an unpleasant fishy odor, white or gray, creamy consistency. Manifestations are aggravated during menstruation or after sexual intercourse. Discomfort in the form of itching, burning, discomfort during intercourse, urination disorders are less common. Symptoms can persist for a long time or periodically occur under the influence of adverse factors. In some cases, the disease is asymptomatic, or patients do not regard changes in vaginal discharge as a deviation from the norm, considering these manifestations to be the result of insufficiently thorough intimate hygiene.

Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy

If you experience signs of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy, you should immediately consult a doctor. In the absence of adequate treatment and a long course of bacterial vaginosis, there is a threat of infection of the membranes of the fetal bladder and amniotic fluid. This can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. In addition, there is a risk of infection of the fetus and, as a result, a delay in its development, prematurity or the birth of a weakened child with low body weight. It also increases the likelihood of postpartum complications – endometritis and other inflammatory diseases.

Bacterial vaginosis is detected using a routine vaginal swab and special tests of vaginal contents. In pregnant women, bacterial vaginosis must be treated, since the risk of complications is high. For treatment, antibacterial drugs approved for use during pregnancy are used, if possible, preference is given to local therapy. After a course of antibiotic therapy, the restoration of normal vaginal microflora is mandatory.

Features of intimate hygiene in bacterial vaginosis

The main goal of intimate hygiene during the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is to maintain the acidic environment of the vagina and normal microflora.

Therefore, it is important:

• avoid soaps, shower gels and other alkaline hygiene products
• do not allow the use of such methods of “traditional medicine” as douching with soda, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate)
• use a product containing lactic acid for daily intimate hygiene
• carry out hygiene procedures at least twice a day
• use cotton breathable underwear

How to cure bacterial vaginosis

Today, in world and Russian practice, the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is carried out in two stages:

• Antimicrobial therapy
• Restoration of the normal microflora of the vagina

If symptoms or signs of bacterial vaginosis appear during the examination, it is important to start treatment in a timely manner. Self-treatment of bacterial vaginosis using unverified recipes is strongly discouraged: there is a possibility of choosing the wrong drug, skipping concomitant infections, which can lead to serious consequences.

Choice of agent for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Antimicrobials are the main drugs for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, usually metronidazole and clindamycin are prescribed, therapy is carried out by both oral and topical agents, depending on the situation. The drugs are aimed at eliminating the activated opportunistic microflora. As part of the complex therapy of this disease, especially in the case of a recurrent course, the immunostimulating drug Spray Epigen Intim can be used. The active substance – activated glycyrrhizic acid – has immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and regenerating effects. Therefore, the Spray not only improves local immunity, but also helps in eliminating such unpleasant symptoms as itching, burning, discomfort in the intimate area. It is important that Epigen Intim Spray is approved for use during the entire period of pregnancy and lactation.

After a course of antimicrobial therapy, they begin to restore the vaginal microflora. To do this, use products containing lactobacilli.

The only contraindication to the use of Epigen Intim Spray is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. During and after the treatment of HPV infection, Epigen Intim Gel can be used for daily intimate hygiene, which not only gently cleanses the intimate area, but also maintains pH balance and intimate microflora, which provides natural protection.

Epigen Intim Spray

More

Buy

Epigen Intim Spray

The suppression of local immunity may also be important. Many factors can have a suppressive effect on the immune response: frequent change of sexual partners, intestinal dysbiosis, vaginal dysbiosis, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, dietary habits, severe somatic pathologies, etc.