What are the common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis. How is the stomach flu transmitted. Which viruses cause viral gastroenteritis. Who is at higher risk of contracting stomach flu. How long do symptoms of norovirus typically last.

Understanding Viral Gastroenteritis: The Basics of Stomach Flu

Viral gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is an inflammation and irritation of the intestines caused by various viruses. This highly contagious illness can spread rapidly through close contact with infected individuals or via contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Despite its colloquial name, it’s not related to influenza.

The most prevalent viruses responsible for viral gastroenteritis include norovirus and rotavirus. These pathogens can easily proliferate in crowded environments such as childcare facilities, schools, nursing homes, and cruise ships. Understanding the nature of this illness is crucial for effective prevention and management.

How does viral gastroenteritis spread?

Viral gastroenteritis transmits through several routes:

• Consuming contaminated food or water
• Close contact with infected individuals
• Sharing utensils or personal items with someone carrying the virus
• Touching contaminated surfaces
• Poor hand hygiene, especially among food handlers

The ease of transmission underscores the importance of proper hygiene practices and awareness in preventing outbreaks.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Stomach Flu

Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis typically manifest shortly after infection, although the onset can vary depending on the specific virus. For instance, norovirus symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hours, while adenovirus symptoms may take 3 to 10 days to develop.

What are the primary symptoms of viral gastroenteritis?

The main symptoms include:

• Loose, watery diarrhea (more than 3 times per day)
• Fever or chills
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache, muscle aches, or joint pain
• Sweating or clammy skin
• Abdominal cramps and pain
• Loss of appetite

It’s important to note that diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis is typically not bloody. The presence of blood in stool could indicate a more severe infection and requires immediate medical attention.

How long do symptoms of viral gastroenteritis last?

The duration of symptoms can vary depending on the causative virus, ranging from 1 to 14 days. In the case of norovirus, the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, most people start feeling better within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Common Viruses Causing Stomach Flu

Several viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis, each with its own characteristics and patterns of infection. Understanding these pathogens can help in recognizing and managing the illness more effectively.

Which viruses are primarily responsible for viral gastroenteritis?

The most common viruses causing stomach flu include:

1. Norovirus
2. Rotavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Astrovirus

Norovirus: The Leading Cause of Viral Gastroenteritis

Norovirus is highly contagious and can affect individuals of any age. It’s the primary cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, with most cases in the United States occurring between November and April. Norovirus spreads through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or direct contact with infected individuals.

Symptoms of norovirus infection include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Body aches

Rotavirus: A Major Concern for Young Children

Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children, who can then transmit the virus to other children and adults. It’s usually contracted and transmitted orally, with symptoms typically appearing within 2 days of infection. Rotavirus is a significant cause of severe diarrheal illness in young children worldwide.

Risk Factors for Contracting Viral Gastroenteritis

While viral gastroenteritis can affect people of all ages globally, certain factors can increase the risk of contracting the illness.

Who is at higher risk of developing stomach flu?

Individuals with an increased risk of viral gastroenteritis include:

• Children under the age of 5
• Older adults, especially those in nursing homes or assisted living facilities
• People with compromised or weakened immune systems
• Those frequently in group settings (schools, dormitories, day care centers, religious gatherings)

What other factors contribute to increased risk?

Additional factors that may elevate the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis include:

• Malnutrition, particularly low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• Recent travel to developing countries
• Antibiotic or antacid use
• Anal intercourse

Understanding these risk factors can help individuals take appropriate precautions to minimize their chances of infection.

Prevention Strategies for Viral Gastroenteritis

Given the highly contagious nature of viral gastroenteritis, prevention plays a crucial role in controlling its spread. Implementing effective preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of infection and outbreaks.

How can one prevent the spread of stomach flu?

Key prevention strategies include:

1. Practicing proper hand hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food.
2. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals: Maintain distance from people showing symptoms of gastroenteritis.
3. Disinfecting contaminated surfaces: Use appropriate cleaning products to sanitize areas that may have been exposed to the virus.
4. Proper food handling: Ensure food is cooked thoroughly and avoid consuming raw or undercooked foods.
5. Staying home when ill: People with symptoms should avoid public spaces and group settings to prevent transmission.

Are there vaccines available for viral gastroenteritis?

While there isn’t a universal vaccine for all types of viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus vaccines are available and recommended for infants. These vaccines have significantly reduced the incidence of severe rotavirus infections in many countries.

Treatment and Management of Stomach Flu

Viral gastroenteritis typically resolves on its own without specific medical treatment. However, managing symptoms and preventing complications, particularly dehydration, is crucial.

What are the primary treatment approaches for viral gastroenteritis?

The main focus of treatment includes:

• Hydration: Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes is essential. Oral rehydration solutions can be particularly effective.
• Rest: Allowing the body to recover and fight off the infection.
• Gradual reintroduction of food: Starting with easily digestible foods as symptoms improve.
• Avoiding certain substances: Staying away from dairy products, caffeine, alcohol, and high-fat or sugary foods until recovery.

When should medical attention be sought for viral gastroenteritis?

While most cases of stomach flu can be managed at home, certain situations warrant immediate medical attention:

• Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days without improvement
• Signs of severe dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, little or no urination, severe weakness, dizziness)
• Bloody stools
• Persistent vomiting that prevents keeping liquids down
• Fever above 104°F (40°C)

For infants and young children, additional warning signs include dry diapers for more than 3 hours, lack of tears when crying, and unusual sleepiness or unresponsiveness.

Impact of Viral Gastroenteritis on Public Health

Viral gastroenteritis poses significant challenges to public health systems worldwide. Its high transmissibility and potential for outbreaks make it a concern in various settings, from healthcare facilities to schools and workplaces.

How does viral gastroenteritis affect healthcare systems?

The impact of stomach flu on healthcare systems includes:

• Increased hospital admissions, particularly during outbreak seasons
• Strain on emergency departments dealing with severe cases
• Economic burden due to healthcare costs and lost productivity
• Challenges in containing outbreaks in healthcare settings

What measures are taken to control outbreaks in public settings?

Public health authorities employ various strategies to manage and control outbreaks:

1. Implementing strict hygiene protocols in affected areas
2. Conducting thorough investigations to identify the source of outbreaks
3. Providing public education on prevention and symptom recognition
4. Temporarily closing affected facilities for deep cleaning when necessary
5. Monitoring and reporting cases to track the spread of the illness

These measures aim to minimize the impact of viral gastroenteritis on communities and prevent widespread transmission.

Ongoing Research and Future Perspectives

The field of viral gastroenteritis research continues to evolve, with scientists and medical professionals working to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

What are the current areas of research in viral gastroenteritis?

Ongoing research focuses on several key areas:

• Development of new vaccines, particularly for norovirus
• Improving diagnostic techniques for rapid and accurate identification of causative viruses
• Understanding the long-term effects of recurrent gastroenteritis episodes
• Exploring the role of the gut microbiome in susceptibility and recovery from viral gastroenteritis
• Investigating potential antiviral treatments to shorten the duration and severity of symptoms

How might future developments impact the management of stomach flu?

Potential future advancements could lead to:

1. More effective prevention strategies, including broader-spectrum vaccines
2. Targeted treatments that can reduce symptom severity and duration
3. Improved outbreak prediction and control measures
4. Enhanced understanding of individual susceptibility to different gastroenteritis-causing viruses
5. Development of probiotic or microbiome-based interventions to boost resistance to infection

These developments could significantly reduce the global burden of viral gastroenteritis and improve quality of life for affected individuals.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

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Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis can cause nausea and vomiting. You can get the virus that causes it from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces. Washing your hands often may help prevent it.

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of a number of viruses, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. This illness is also known as the stomach flu.

This highly contagious illness spreads through close contact with people who have the virus or through contaminated food or water.

It can easily spread in close quarters, such as:

• childcare facilities
• schools
• nursing homes
• cruise ships

This article will help you understand more about viral gastroenteritis including symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin shortly after infection. For example, symptoms caused by norovirus typically develop within 12 to 48 hours. Symptoms from adenoviruses may be delayed 3 to 10 days after contact.

Depending on which type of virus you’ve contracted, symptoms can last anywhere from 1 to 14 days. Symptoms often start suddenly over the course of 1 or 2 hours.

Symptoms can include:

• loose, watery diarrhea more than 3 times per day
• fever or chills
• nausea and vomiting
• headache, muscle aches, or joint aches
• sweating or clammy skin
• abdominal cramps and pain
• loss of appetite

Diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis isn’t usually bloody. Blood in your stool could be a sign of a more severe infection.

You should seek emergency medical treatment if:

• diarrhea has lasted for 2 days or more without getting less frequent
• your infant develops diarrhea
• blood is present in your diarrhea
• you show or see signs of dehydration, such as dry lips or dizziness

In addition to the above symptoms, you should seek emergency attention for your child if they have the appearance of sunken eyes or if they aren’t making tears when they cry.

Viral gastroenteritis is caused by a number of different viruses. It’s easy for these viruses to spread in group situations. Some of the ways the virus is transmitted include:

• eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
• being in close contact with someone who has the virus
• sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus
• touching contaminated surfaces
• not washing hands properly, especially food handlers

Viral gastroenteritis affects people of all ages all over the world. But some factors can increase the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis. People who are at a higher risk include:

• children under the age of 5
• older adults, especially those who live in nursing homes or assisted living facilities
• people with a compromised or weakened immune system
• those who are often in group settings, such as schools, dormitories, day care, religious gatherings, and other indoor group settings

Other factors that may increase the risk of becoming ill with viral gastroenteritis include:

• being malnourished, especially low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• recent travel to developing countries
• antibiotic or antacid use
• anal intercourse

Several different types of viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common include:

• norovirus
• rotavirus
• adenovirus
• astrovirus

Let’s look at each of these viruses in more detail.

Norovirus

Norovirus is highly contagious and can affect anyone at any age. It spreads through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, or by people who have the virus. Norovirus is common in crowded spaces.

Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. Most outbreaks in the United States occur between November and April.

Symptoms include:

• nausea
• diarrhea
• fever
• body aches

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people who become ill with norovirus start to feel better within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children. Those who contract it can then pass the virus to other children and adults. It’s usually contracted and transmitted via the mouth.

Symptoms typically appear within 2 days of infection and include:

• vomiting
• loss of appetite
• watery diarrhea that lasts anywhere from 3 to 8 days

A rotavirus vaccine was approved for infants in 2006. Early vaccination is recommended to prevent severe rotavirus illnesses in infants and small children.

Adenovirus

The adenovirus affects people of all ages. It can cause several types of illness, including gastroenteritis. The adenovirus can also cause common cold-like symptoms, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pink eye (conjunctivitis).

Children in daycare, especially those under 2 years of age, are more likely to get adenovirus.

Adenovirus is passed through the air via sneezing and coughing, by touching contaminated objects, or by touching the hands of someone with the virus.

Symptoms associated with adenovirus include:

• sore throat
• pink eye
• fever
• coughing
• runny nose

Most children will feel better within a few days of experiencing adenovirus symptoms. However, symptoms such as pink eye may last longer than a few days.

Astrovirus

Astrovirus is another virus that commonly causes gastroenteritis in children. Symptoms associated with astrovirus include:

• diarrhea
• headache
• mild dehydration
• stomach pain

The virus most often affects people in late winter and early spring. It’s transmitted through contact with a person who has the virus or via an infected surface or food.

Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 3 days after initial exposure, and the virus will usually go away within 1 to 4 days.

The main complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration, which can be quite severe in babies and young children. Viral gastroenteritis accounts for over 200,000 childhood deaths worldwide per year.

Other complications of viral gastroenteritis include:

• nutritional imbalances
• body weakness or fatigue
• muscle weakness

Dehydration can be life threatening. Call your doctor if you or your child have these symptoms:

• diarrhea lasting more than a few days
• blood in the stool
• confusion or lethargy
• dizziness or feeling like you’re going to faint
• nausea
• dry mouth
• an inability to produce tears
• no urine for more than 8 hours or urine that is dark yellow or brown
• sunken eyes
• sunken fontanel on an infant’s head

Dehydration that accompanies viral gastroenteritis can lead to several complications of its own. These include:

• brain swelling
• coma
• hypovolemic shock, a condition that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough fluid or blood
• kidney failure
• seizures

To prevent complications, get immediate medical attention if you or your child have symptoms of dehydration.

Most of the time, your medical history and physical exam are the basis for diagnosis, especially if there’s evidence that the virus is spreading through your community.

Your doctor may also order a stool sample to test for the type of virus, or to find out if your illness is caused by a parasitic or bacterial infection.

The main focus of treatment is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Over-the-counter oral rehydration solutions (OHS), such as Pedialyte, can be helpful in mild cases. These solutions are easy on your child’s stomach, and contain a balanced mixture of water and salts to replenish essential fluids and electrolytes.

These solutions are available at local pharmacies and don’t require a prescription. However, you should follow the instructions carefully.

Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Check with your physician before taking any over-the-counter medications.

Shop online for oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte and oral electrolyte products.

Treating diarrhea and vomiting

Diarrhea can be treated in adults with over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).

Your doctor may also prescribe probiotics to replace the healthy bacteria that’s lost during diarrhea or they may prescribe medications to treat severe vomiting.

What to eat and what to avoid

As you start to feel better and reintroduce foods into your diet, it’s best to opt for bland foods, such as:

• rice
• potatoes
• toast
• bananas
• applesauce

These foods are easier to digest and less likely to cause further stomach upset. Until you’re feeling better, you may want to avoid some types of foods, such as:

• fatty or fried foods
• caffeine
• alcohol
• sugary foods
• dairy products

Self-care steps

If you have viral gastroenteritis, consider these self-care measures to help ease your symptoms and prevent dehydration:

• Drink extra fluids with and between meals. If you have difficulty, try drinking very small amounts of water or sucking on ice chips.
• Avoid fruit juices. These don’t replace the minerals that you’ve lost and can actually increase diarrhea.
• Electrolytes. Children and adults can consume sports drinks to replenish electrolytes. Younger children and infants should use products formulated for children, such as OHS.
• Limit portion sizes. Try to eat food in smaller amounts to help your stomach recover.
• Get lots of rest. Prioritize getting at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. Don’t exert yourself until you feel that you have your usual level of energy and strength.
• Medications. Check with your doctor before taking medications or giving them to children. Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with a viral illness. This can cause Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life threatening condition.

Was this helpful?

In addition to rehydrating and resting, there are some natural and home remedies that may help you relieve the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis.

Heating pad or heat pack

If you have abdominal pain, try applying a low-temperature heating pad or a warm heat pack to your stomach. Cover the heating pad with a cloth and don’t leave it on for more than 15 minutes at a time.

The heat can help relax the muscles in your digestive tract and keep them from spasming.

Shop online for heating pads and heat packs.

Brown rice water

Some parents serve rice water to their children. This is the water that remains after boiling brown rice. It’s high in electrolytes and can help with rehydration.

To make rice water:

1. Boil 1 cup of rice and 2 cups of water for about 10 minutes until the water becomes cloudy.
2. Strain the rice and keep the water.
3. Cool the rice water before serving.

Ginger

Products containing ginger, such as ginger ale or ginger tea, may help soothe an upset stomach.

A 2019 review of studies found that a divided daily dose of 1,500 milligrams of ginger taken in two parts throughout the day may help reduce nausea. More research needs to be done on ginger’s ability to treat other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Shop online for ginger ale and ginger tea.

Mint

Mint may also have anti-nausea properties similar to those of ginger. Sipping a soothing mint tea may help you feel better.

Studies have found that peppermint oil may help relax the muscles in your gut. It also has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Shop online for mint tea.

Yogurt or kefir

Although dairy products should be avoided when you have your most acute symptoms, eating unflavored yogurt with live active cultures or drinking kefir may help restore your body’s natural bacterial balance after illness.

Shop online for plain yogurt and kefir.

Viral gastroenteritis can spread easily. However, there are some steps you can take to lower your risk of contracting the virus or passing it to others.

Prevention tips

• Wash your hands often, especially after using the bathroom and before food preparation. If necessary, use hand sanitizer until you can access soap and water.
• Don’t share kitchen utensils, plates, or towels if someone in your household is sick.
• Don’t eat raw or undercooked foods.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
• Take special precautions to avoid contaminated water and food when traveling. Avoid ice cubes and use bottled water whenever possible.
• Ask your doctor if you should have your infant vaccinated against rotavirus. There are two vaccines, and they’re generally started around 2 months old.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of several types of viruses.

Vomiting and diarrhea are among the most common symptoms. You can get viral gastroenteritis from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces.

Generally, viral gastroenteritis symptoms come on suddenly and pass quickly. If diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours, be sure to follow up with your doctor.

It’s also a good idea to get medical attention if your infant or young child develops diarrhea because it can lead to serious complications due to dehydration.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis can cause nausea and vomiting. You can get the virus that causes it from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces. Washing your hands often may help prevent it.

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of a number of viruses, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. This illness is also known as the stomach flu.

This highly contagious illness spreads through close contact with people who have the virus or through contaminated food or water.

It can easily spread in close quarters, such as:

• childcare facilities
• schools
• nursing homes
• cruise ships

This article will help you understand more about viral gastroenteritis including symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin shortly after infection. For example, symptoms caused by norovirus typically develop within 12 to 48 hours. Symptoms from adenoviruses may be delayed 3 to 10 days after contact.

Depending on which type of virus you’ve contracted, symptoms can last anywhere from 1 to 14 days. Symptoms often start suddenly over the course of 1 or 2 hours.

Symptoms can include:

• loose, watery diarrhea more than 3 times per day
• fever or chills
• nausea and vomiting
• headache, muscle aches, or joint aches
• sweating or clammy skin
• abdominal cramps and pain
• loss of appetite

Diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis isn’t usually bloody. Blood in your stool could be a sign of a more severe infection.

You should seek emergency medical treatment if:

• diarrhea has lasted for 2 days or more without getting less frequent
• your infant develops diarrhea
• blood is present in your diarrhea
• you show or see signs of dehydration, such as dry lips or dizziness

In addition to the above symptoms, you should seek emergency attention for your child if they have the appearance of sunken eyes or if they aren’t making tears when they cry.

Viral gastroenteritis is caused by a number of different viruses. It’s easy for these viruses to spread in group situations. Some of the ways the virus is transmitted include:

• eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
• being in close contact with someone who has the virus
• sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus
• touching contaminated surfaces
• not washing hands properly, especially food handlers

Viral gastroenteritis affects people of all ages all over the world. But some factors can increase the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis. People who are at a higher risk include:

• children under the age of 5
• older adults, especially those who live in nursing homes or assisted living facilities
• people with a compromised or weakened immune system
• those who are often in group settings, such as schools, dormitories, day care, religious gatherings, and other indoor group settings

Other factors that may increase the risk of becoming ill with viral gastroenteritis include:

• being malnourished, especially low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• recent travel to developing countries
• antibiotic or antacid use
• anal intercourse

Several different types of viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common include:

• norovirus
• rotavirus
• adenovirus
• astrovirus

Let’s look at each of these viruses in more detail.

Norovirus

Norovirus is highly contagious and can affect anyone at any age. It spreads through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, or by people who have the virus. Norovirus is common in crowded spaces.

Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. Most outbreaks in the United States occur between November and April.

Symptoms include:

• nausea
• diarrhea
• fever
• body aches

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people who become ill with norovirus start to feel better within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children. Those who contract it can then pass the virus to other children and adults. It’s usually contracted and transmitted via the mouth.

Symptoms typically appear within 2 days of infection and include:

• vomiting
• loss of appetite
• watery diarrhea that lasts anywhere from 3 to 8 days

A rotavirus vaccine was approved for infants in 2006. Early vaccination is recommended to prevent severe rotavirus illnesses in infants and small children.

Adenovirus

The adenovirus affects people of all ages. It can cause several types of illness, including gastroenteritis. The adenovirus can also cause common cold-like symptoms, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pink eye (conjunctivitis).

Children in daycare, especially those under 2 years of age, are more likely to get adenovirus.

Adenovirus is passed through the air via sneezing and coughing, by touching contaminated objects, or by touching the hands of someone with the virus.

Symptoms associated with adenovirus include:

• sore throat
• pink eye
• fever
• coughing
• runny nose

Most children will feel better within a few days of experiencing adenovirus symptoms. However, symptoms such as pink eye may last longer than a few days.

Astrovirus

Astrovirus is another virus that commonly causes gastroenteritis in children. Symptoms associated with astrovirus include:

• diarrhea
• headache
• mild dehydration
• stomach pain

The virus most often affects people in late winter and early spring. It’s transmitted through contact with a person who has the virus or via an infected surface or food.

Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 3 days after initial exposure, and the virus will usually go away within 1 to 4 days.

The main complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration, which can be quite severe in babies and young children. Viral gastroenteritis accounts for over 200,000 childhood deaths worldwide per year.

Other complications of viral gastroenteritis include:

• nutritional imbalances
• body weakness or fatigue
• muscle weakness

Dehydration can be life threatening. Call your doctor if you or your child have these symptoms:

• diarrhea lasting more than a few days
• blood in the stool
• confusion or lethargy
• dizziness or feeling like you’re going to faint
• nausea
• dry mouth
• an inability to produce tears
• no urine for more than 8 hours or urine that is dark yellow or brown
• sunken eyes
• sunken fontanel on an infant’s head

Dehydration that accompanies viral gastroenteritis can lead to several complications of its own. These include:

• brain swelling
• coma
• hypovolemic shock, a condition that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough fluid or blood
• kidney failure
• seizures

To prevent complications, get immediate medical attention if you or your child have symptoms of dehydration.

Most of the time, your medical history and physical exam are the basis for diagnosis, especially if there’s evidence that the virus is spreading through your community.

Your doctor may also order a stool sample to test for the type of virus, or to find out if your illness is caused by a parasitic or bacterial infection.

The main focus of treatment is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Over-the-counter oral rehydration solutions (OHS), such as Pedialyte, can be helpful in mild cases. These solutions are easy on your child’s stomach, and contain a balanced mixture of water and salts to replenish essential fluids and electrolytes.

These solutions are available at local pharmacies and don’t require a prescription. However, you should follow the instructions carefully.

Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Check with your physician before taking any over-the-counter medications.

Shop online for oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte and oral electrolyte products.

Treating diarrhea and vomiting

Diarrhea can be treated in adults with over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).

Your doctor may also prescribe probiotics to replace the healthy bacteria that’s lost during diarrhea or they may prescribe medications to treat severe vomiting.

What to eat and what to avoid

As you start to feel better and reintroduce foods into your diet, it’s best to opt for bland foods, such as:

• rice
• potatoes
• toast
• bananas
• applesauce

These foods are easier to digest and less likely to cause further stomach upset. Until you’re feeling better, you may want to avoid some types of foods, such as:

• fatty or fried foods
• caffeine
• alcohol
• sugary foods
• dairy products

Self-care steps

If you have viral gastroenteritis, consider these self-care measures to help ease your symptoms and prevent dehydration:

• Drink extra fluids with and between meals. If you have difficulty, try drinking very small amounts of water or sucking on ice chips.
• Avoid fruit juices. These don’t replace the minerals that you’ve lost and can actually increase diarrhea.
• Electrolytes. Children and adults can consume sports drinks to replenish electrolytes. Younger children and infants should use products formulated for children, such as OHS.
• Limit portion sizes. Try to eat food in smaller amounts to help your stomach recover.
• Get lots of rest. Prioritize getting at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. Don’t exert yourself until you feel that you have your usual level of energy and strength.
• Medications. Check with your doctor before taking medications or giving them to children. Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with a viral illness. This can cause Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life threatening condition.

Was this helpful?

In addition to rehydrating and resting, there are some natural and home remedies that may help you relieve the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis.

Heating pad or heat pack

If you have abdominal pain, try applying a low-temperature heating pad or a warm heat pack to your stomach. Cover the heating pad with a cloth and don’t leave it on for more than 15 minutes at a time.

The heat can help relax the muscles in your digestive tract and keep them from spasming.

Shop online for heating pads and heat packs.

Brown rice water

Some parents serve rice water to their children. This is the water that remains after boiling brown rice. It’s high in electrolytes and can help with rehydration.

To make rice water:

1. Boil 1 cup of rice and 2 cups of water for about 10 minutes until the water becomes cloudy.
2. Strain the rice and keep the water.
3. Cool the rice water before serving.

Ginger

Products containing ginger, such as ginger ale or ginger tea, may help soothe an upset stomach.

A 2019 review of studies found that a divided daily dose of 1,500 milligrams of ginger taken in two parts throughout the day may help reduce nausea. More research needs to be done on ginger’s ability to treat other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Shop online for ginger ale and ginger tea.

Mint

Mint may also have anti-nausea properties similar to those of ginger. Sipping a soothing mint tea may help you feel better.

Studies have found that peppermint oil may help relax the muscles in your gut. It also has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Shop online for mint tea.

Yogurt or kefir

Although dairy products should be avoided when you have your most acute symptoms, eating unflavored yogurt with live active cultures or drinking kefir may help restore your body’s natural bacterial balance after illness.

Shop online for plain yogurt and kefir.

Viral gastroenteritis can spread easily. However, there are some steps you can take to lower your risk of contracting the virus or passing it to others.

Prevention tips

• Wash your hands often, especially after using the bathroom and before food preparation. If necessary, use hand sanitizer until you can access soap and water.
• Don’t share kitchen utensils, plates, or towels if someone in your household is sick.
• Don’t eat raw or undercooked foods.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
• Take special precautions to avoid contaminated water and food when traveling. Avoid ice cubes and use bottled water whenever possible.
• Ask your doctor if you should have your infant vaccinated against rotavirus. There are two vaccines, and they’re generally started around 2 months old.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of several types of viruses.

Vomiting and diarrhea are among the most common symptoms. You can get viral gastroenteritis from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces.

Generally, viral gastroenteritis symptoms come on suddenly and pass quickly. If diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours, be sure to follow up with your doctor.

It’s also a good idea to get medical attention if your infant or young child develops diarrhea because it can lead to serious complications due to dehydration.

Stomach flu: symptoms, treatment and prevention

Content

• 1 Stomach flu: prevention and treatment
  • 1.1 Stomach flu symptoms
  • 1.2 How stomach flu is transmitted
  • 1 .3 How to prevent stomach flu?
    • 1.3.1 Practice good hand hygiene
    • 1.3.2 Avoid contaminated food
    • 1.3.3 Do not touch sick animals
    • 1.3.4 Stay at home if you are sick
    • 1.3.5 Take Preventive Measures While Traveling
  • 1.4 Diagnosis of intestinal influenza
  • 1.5 Treatment of intestinal influenza
    • 1.5.1 Symptomatic treatment
    • 1.5.2 Etiotropic therapy
    • 1.5. 3 Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory treatments
  • 1.6 Related videos:
  • 1.7 Q&A:
    • • 1.7.0.1 What is intestinal flu?
      • 1. 7.0.2 How is stomach flu transmitted?
      • 1.7.0.3 What are the symptoms of stomach flu?
      • 1.7.0.4 How is stomach flu diagnosed?
      • 1.7.0.5 How to treat stomach flu?
      • 1.7.0.6 How can stomach flu be prevented?
  • 1.8 Consequences of Stomach Flu
  • 1.9 Avoiding Stomach Flu in Public Places

Stomach flu is a disease that causes intestinal problems leading to severe abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. In the article you will find detailed information about the causes, symptoms and methods of treatment of this disease.

Intestinal influenza is an infectious disease caused by various viruses that enter the body through dirty food, water, contact with sick people, airborne droplets. This type of influenza refers to gastroenteritis and is accompanied by damage to the small and large intestines.

The disease is manifested by acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weakness and fever. Lethargy, headache, and cramps can also be symptoms of the stomach flu.

Intestinal influenza has various variants that differ in symptoms and severity. For an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Often, proper diet and medication is sufficient for treatment, but hospitalization may be required in some cases.

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms of the flu. Timely treatment will help to avoid complications and return to normal life faster.

Symptoms of stomach flu

Abdominal pain: symptom of stomach flu, which is manifested by soreness and discomfort in the abdomen. The pain is usually localized and may be accompanied by spasms.

Diarrhea: is common with intestinal flu and is one of the most common symptoms. Diarrhea may be associated with loose or semi-liquid stools and frequent calls to the toilet.

Nausea and vomiting: are common symptoms of intestinal flu and often appear in the first few hours after infection. Nausea and vomiting may be accompanied by abdominal discomfort and weakness.

Fever: with intestinal flu, body temperature may rise up to 38-39 degrees. Fever may be accompanied by headache, soreness, and weakness.

Fatigue: Fatigue and weakness can be symptoms of intestinal flu and appear in the first days of illness. They may be accompanied by muscle pain.

Dehydration: intestinal flu can cause desiccation associated with frequent diarrhea. Dehydration can lead to weakness, headache, and low blood pressure.

How the stomach flu is transmitted

The stomach flu is a viral disease that is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. This means that the infection is transmitted through contact with infected feces or through the oral cavity.

The most common mode of transmission of intestinal flu is through poor hygiene. For example, if an infected person does not wash their hands before eating, after using the toilet, or after contact with animals, they can transmit the virus to other people.

Influenza can also be spread through contaminated objects and surfaces such as doorknobs, sinks, cutlery, which can be contaminated with bacteria and viruses. If a person touches such a contaminated object and then puts their hands or objects into their mouth, they may be infected with the intestinal flu.

There is also the possibility of transmission through contact with infected animals such as rabbits, rodents, birds and other animals that may contain bacteria and viruses that cause intestinal flu.

It is important to remember that stomach flu is a highly contagious disease that can spread quickly and easily. The best way to protect yourself from infection is to practice good hygiene: wash your hands with soap and water, avoid shared items (cereals, cutlery), stay home when you are sick, and go to the doctor.

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How to prevent stomach flu?

Practice good hand hygiene

Clean hands are the best way to prevent stomach flu. Wash your hands before eating, after using the toilet, after contact with sick people, and after contact with animals. Use soap and warm water to wash your hands, then dry your hands with a towel. If you don’t have access to soap and water, use alcohol-based gel or wet wipes.

Avoid contaminated food

Most cases of stomach flu are caused by eating contaminated food. Avoid foods that spoil quickly, such as meat, eggs, fish, and dairy products. Also cook meat, poultry, and eggs before eating them.

Do not touch sick animals

Animals can carry the flu virus. You may have heard of outbreaks of intestinal flu in animals such as pigs and birds. If you visit farms, zoos, or other places where animals can be observed, avoid direct contact with them. Don’t touch them unnecessarily, don’t kiss them, and don’t hold them in your arms.

Stay home if you are sick

Stay home if you have flu symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Also avoid contact with other people so as not to infect them.

Take precautionary measures while traveling

If you are traveling abroad, please pay attention to local public health and advice on preventing the flu. It is generally recommended to drink bottled water, avoid ice, spicy and fried foods, and contact with infected people.

Diagnosis of intestinal flu

Diagnosis of intestinal influenza is an important step in the treatment of this disease. The most common diagnostic method is a stool test for the presence of the virus. To do this, a stool sample is taken and laboratory analysis is carried out. This analysis allows you to detect the presence of the virus in the intestines of the patient.

For a complete diagnosis of intestinal flu, a specialist can use other research methods, such as a blood test. This method allows you to determine the presence of antibodies in the blood, which indicates that the virus has already been in the human body.

In addition, an important diagnostic step is to ask the patient about symptoms. Describing the symptoms that accompany the disease will help the doctor determine which type of flu the patient is suffering from.

In general, the diagnosis of intestinal flu requires a comprehensive approach. The patient undergoes laboratory tests, and also gives a description of the symptoms of the disease. This approach will allow diagnosing the disease accurately and prescribing the correct treatment.

Treatment of intestinal influenza

Symptomatic treatment

The main method of treatment of intestinal influenza is symptomatic, aimed at relieving the symptoms of the disease. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate dehydration – it is imperative to drink liquids, primarily water. It is recommended to monitor nutrition and increase fluid intake. It is also important to eat a balanced diet, avoid fatty and fried foods and eat easily digestible foods. To improve well-being, you can use antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs prescribed by a doctor.

Etiotropic therapy

Etiotropic therapy is aimed at the destruction of the causative agent of intestinal influenza. For this, a number of drugs are used – antiviral, antibacterial and antiparasitic. The choice of drug depends on the type of pathogen and the degree of damage to the body. It is not recommended to select drugs on your own, you need to consult a doctor for qualified help.

Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory treatments

Physiotherapy can help restore the body’s defenses and speed up the healing process. For example, ozone therapy helps to improve blood circulation and immune functions of the body, and ultraviolet rays therapy has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. However, the use of physiotherapy must be agreed with the attending physician.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is stomach flu?

Influenza is a disease caused by various viruses that affects the gastrointestinal tract and causes symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and fever.

How is the stomach flu transmitted?

Influenza is transmitted through contact with sick people, through food or water that contains viruses, and through dirty surfaces or household items. You can also become infected through droplets of air when the sick person coughs or sneezes.

What are the symptoms of stomach flu?

The main symptoms of stomach flu are vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and fever. Some people may also have weakness, headache, muscle pain, loss of appetite, and reluctance to eat.

How is stomach flu diagnosed?

Stomach flu is diagnosed based on symptoms and stool laboratory results. Additionally, endoscopy or computed tomography may be performed to rule out other diseases.

How to treat stomach flu?

Treatment of intestinal flu involves taking care of the patient’s hydration and nutrition to compensate for the loss of fluids and electrolytes that are lost through vomiting and diarrhea. In some cases, antibiotics or other drugs may be prescribed to fight the infection.

How can you prevent stomach flu?

To prevent the flu, it is important to follow basic hygiene practices such as washing your hands regularly, avoiding dirty dishes and household items, drink only clean water, buy food only from reliable suppliers, and practice good hygiene when preparing food.

Stomach flu effects

Stomach flu is a contagious disease that can lead to serious health consequences. It causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.

One of the most serious consequences of the intestinal flu is dehydration. Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to significant fluid loss from the body, which can lead to dehydration and require hospitalization.

In addition, intestinal flu can cause complications such as acetonemic syndrome, ketoacidosis and metabolic acidosis. These conditions pose a serious health threat and can lead to various complications, including seizures, unconsciousness, and death.

• Acetonemic syndrome is a condition in which the level of acetone in the blood reaches a critical point, which can lead to coma and death.
• Ketoacidosis is a condition in which the level of ketones in the blood is too high, which can lead to cardiac arrest and death.
• Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which the level of acidity in the blood rises, which can lead to breathing problems, seizures and death.

Thus, intestinal flu is a serious disease that can cause many different complications and conditions that pose a threat to health and life. It is important to monitor your health, take precautions, and seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of the flu.

How to avoid contracting the flu in public places

The flu is a disease that can be caused by various viruses. It can be spread through dirty hands, household items and food. To avoid contracting the flu, follow these guidelines:

1. Wash your hands: Wash your hands regularly with soap and warm water, especially after visiting the toilet and public places such as shops, cinemas, etc.
2. Avoid contact: Avoid contact with people who are sick and do not share dishes, towels or other household items with them.
3. Do not touch your face: Do not touch your face with dirty hands to prevent the virus from entering the body through mucous membranes.
4. Prepare food properly: Prepare food correctly, keep it fresh, buy food only in trusted places.
5. Clean household items: Clean household items with disinfectants, especially after visiting public places.

By following these rules, you can reduce your risk of contracting the flu. In case of symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor and follow the recommendations for treatment and prevention.

ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION

Enteroviruses are so named because after infection they multiply initially in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite this, they usually do not cause intestinal symptoms, most often they actively spread and cause symptoms and diseases of such organs as: heart, skin, lungs, brain and spinal cord. Enteroviruses are found throughout the world, but infection most often occurs in areas with poor hygiene and high overcrowding. The virus is most often transmitted by the fecal-oral route, as well as through contaminated food or water. Inhalation of certain strains of the virus into the body can lead to respiratory diseases. Breast milk contains antibodies that can protect newborns. The incubation period for most enteroviruses is 2 to 14 days. In temperate regions, infections occur mainly in summer and autumn.

Enterovirus most often enters the human body through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or respiratory tract. Once in the gastrointestinal tract, viruses stop in the local lymph nodes where they begin the first stage of reproduction. Around the third day after infection, the viruses enter the bloodstream and begin to circulate throughout the body. On the 3-7th day, viruses with blood can enter the organ systems where the second stage of reproduction can begin and, as a result, cause various diseases. The production of antibodies to the virus occurs during the first 7-10 days.

Symptoms and signs of enterovirus infection

Enteroviruses cause a huge number of infections per year. More than 90% of these cases are either asymptomatic or cause a nonspecific febrile illness. Usually the range of symptoms is very wide, but in most cases it almost always includes: fever (increase in body temperature up to 39-40 ° C), general weakness, headache, muscle pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Enteroviruses entering the human body can cause several symptoms.

• Runny nose and stuffy nose and sinuses , sore nose, sore throat, earache, difficulty swallowing, loss of smell or taste.
• Nausea, indigestion, reflux, bloating , upper and lower abdominal pain, cramps, constipation alternating with diarrhoea.
• Rapid weight loss due to indigestion and reduced calorie intake or weight gain due to inactivity.
• Numbness in limbs , muscle twitching and spasms. Facial tingling and numbness may be observed.
• Miscellaneous headaches (acute, aching, throbbing).
• Pain in bones, muscles and joints . Leg pain is quite common.
• Chest pain and tightness, palpitations .
• Cough, shortness of breath, wheezing .
• Heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmias) or tachycardia (palpitations)
• Intermittent fever – characterized by a rapid, significant increase in temperature (38-40 ° C), which lasts for several hours, and then is replaced by its rapid fall to normal values), chills and severe night sweats.
• Blurred vision, reduced visual acuity .
• Blisters or ulcerations in the mouth, pharynx and, in women, in the vagina/cervix .
• Psychological problems – Anxiety or depression.
• Problems with concentration . Cognitive problems, short-term memory problems.
• Sleep disturbance .
• Seizures are rare but do occur.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• Rash

It is impossible to talk about any specific symptoms characteristic of the entire group of enteroviruses in addition to those listed above, but it is possible to group the symptoms manifested in complications of enterovirus infection:

Treatment of enterovirus infection

. The basis is symptomatic and supportive treatment. Bed rest, plenty of fluids, vitamins, antipyretic in case of high temperature. Do not forget that even if the slightest and slightest symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially if the child has symptoms! DO NOT SELF-MEDICATED!

Prevention

General hygiene and frequent handwashing are effective in reducing the spread of these viruses.