Is there a link between gallbladder stones and migraines. How does gallbladder disease impact headache risk. Can treating gallbladder issues alleviate migraine symptoms. What are the shared mechanisms between these seemingly unrelated conditions.

The Surprising Link Between Gallbladder Stones and Migraine Headaches

Recent research has uncovered an intriguing connection between gallbladder stone disease (GSD) and migraines, two conditions that may seem unrelated at first glance. A comprehensive study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine in 2018 sheds light on this unexpected relationship, suggesting that individuals with GSD may face an increased risk of developing migraines.

The study, conducted by researchers from various medical institutions in Taiwan, analyzed data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the potential link between these two health issues. The findings have sparked interest in the medical community and opened new avenues for understanding and treating both conditions.

Understanding Gallbladder Stone Disease and Its Prevalence

Gallbladder stone disease, also known as cholelithiasis, is a common condition characterized by the formation of solid deposits in the gallbladder. These stones can vary in size and composition, typically consisting of cholesterol or bile pigments.

How common is gallbladder stone disease? GSD affects millions of people worldwide, with prevalence rates varying by region and demographic factors. In Western countries, it’s estimated that 10-15% of adults have gallstones, though many remain asymptomatic.

Risk Factors for Gallbladder Stone Disease

• Age (risk increases with age)
• Gender (more common in women)
• Obesity
• Rapid weight loss
• Certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver disease)
• Genetics

Migraines: More Than Just a Headache

Migraines are severe, recurring headaches often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances. They can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and productivity.

How prevalent are migraines globally? According to the World Health Organization, migraines affect approximately 1 in 7 people worldwide, making it one of the most common neurological disorders.

Common Migraine Triggers

1. Stress
2. Hormonal changes
3. Certain foods and drinks
4. Sleep disturbances
5. Environmental factors (e.g., bright lights, loud noises)
6. Medications

The Study: Examining the Connection Between GSD and Migraines

The 2018 study by Chen et al. aimed to assess the migraine risk for patients diagnosed with gallbladder stone disease. The researchers identified 20,427 patients diagnosed with GSD between 2000 and 2011 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. They also randomly selected 81,706 controls from the non-GSD population, matching them by age and index year.

How was the study conducted? The research team followed all patient cases until the end of 2011 to measure the incidence of migraines in both groups. This long-term follow-up allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the potential link between GSD and migraine development.

Key Findings of the Study

• Increased migraine risk: Patients with GSD showed a significantly higher risk of developing migraines compared to the control group.
• Gender differences: The association between GSD and migraines was stronger in women than in men.
• Age factors: The risk was more pronounced in younger individuals with GSD.
• Comorbidities: The presence of certain comorbidities, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, further increased the migraine risk in GSD patients.

Shared Pathophysiological Mechanisms: Unraveling the Connection

The study’s findings raise an important question: Why do gallbladder stone disease and migraines appear to be linked? While the exact mechanisms are still being investigated, researchers have proposed several theories to explain this connection.

Potential Shared Mechanisms

1. Inflammation: Both GSD and migraines involve inflammatory processes, which may contribute to their co-occurrence.
2. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction: Imbalances in the autonomic nervous system may play a role in both conditions.
3. Hormonal factors: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, could influence both GSD and migraine development.
4. Metabolic abnormalities: Shared metabolic pathways may underlie the connection between these conditions.
5. Genetic predisposition: Some genetic factors may increase susceptibility to both GSD and migraines.

Clinical Implications: Rethinking Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

The discovery of a potential link between gallbladder stone disease and migraines has significant implications for clinical practice. Healthcare providers may need to consider this association when diagnosing and treating patients with either condition.

How might this research impact patient care? Here are some potential implications:

• Enhanced screening: Patients with GSD may benefit from more thorough migraine screening, and vice versa.
• Integrated treatment approaches: Addressing both conditions simultaneously could lead to better outcomes for patients.
• Preventive strategies: Understanding the shared risk factors may help develop more effective preventive measures for both GSD and migraines.
• Personalized medicine: The findings may contribute to more tailored treatment plans based on individual patient profiles.

Future Research Directions: Expanding Our Understanding

While the study by Chen et al. provides valuable insights into the relationship between gallbladder stone disease and migraines, it also opens up new avenues for further research. Future studies could focus on several key areas to deepen our understanding of this connection.

Potential Areas for Future Investigation

1. Molecular mechanisms: Exploring the specific molecular pathways that link GSD and migraines.
2. Genetic studies: Identifying common genetic factors that may predispose individuals to both conditions.
3. Longitudinal studies: Conducting long-term follow-up studies to assess the impact of GSD treatment on migraine occurrence and severity.
4. Diverse populations: Expanding research to include diverse ethnic and geographic populations to validate the findings across different groups.
5. Intervention studies: Investigating whether targeted interventions for GSD can reduce migraine frequency or severity.

Living with Gallbladder Stone Disease and Migraines: Practical Advice

For individuals dealing with both gallbladder stone disease and migraines, managing these conditions can be challenging. However, there are several strategies that may help improve quality of life and reduce symptom burden.

Tips for Managing GSD and Migraines

• Maintain a healthy diet: Focus on a balanced diet low in saturated fats and high in fiber.
• Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration is crucial for both gallbladder health and migraine prevention.
• Regular exercise: Engage in moderate physical activity to support overall health and potentially reduce symptoms.
• Stress management: Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or yoga.
• Sleep hygiene: Establish a consistent sleep schedule to promote better overall health.
• Medication management: Work closely with healthcare providers to optimize medication regimens for both conditions.
• Trigger identification: Keep a journal to identify and avoid potential triggers for both GSD symptoms and migraines.

Can lifestyle changes significantly impact both conditions? While individual responses may vary, many patients report improvements in both GSD and migraine symptoms with targeted lifestyle modifications. It’s essential to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized management plan.

The Role of Inflammation in GSD and Migraines

Inflammation appears to play a crucial role in both gallbladder stone disease and migraines. Understanding this common factor may provide insights into potential treatment strategies that could address both conditions simultaneously.

Inflammatory Processes in GSD and Migraines

• GSD inflammation: Gallstones can irritate the gallbladder wall, leading to inflammation and potential complications.
• Migraine-related inflammation: Neurogenic inflammation is believed to contribute to the pain and other symptoms associated with migraines.
• Systemic effects: Chronic inflammation associated with either condition may have wider systemic effects on the body.

How does inflammation link these conditions? The shared inflammatory processes may explain, in part, why individuals with GSD are at increased risk for migraines. This connection suggests that anti-inflammatory interventions could potentially benefit both conditions.

Potential Anti-Inflammatory Approaches

1. Dietary modifications: Incorporating anti-inflammatory foods and avoiding pro-inflammatory substances.
2. Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, turmeric, and other natural anti-inflammatory supplements may offer benefits.
3. Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other anti-inflammatory medications may play a role in managing both conditions.
4. Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise and stress reduction can help modulate inflammatory responses in the body.

While these approaches show promise, it’s crucial to consult with healthcare providers before making significant changes to treatment regimens. Individualized care remains essential in managing both GSD and migraines effectively.

Hormonal Influences on GSD and Migraines

The study by Chen et al. highlighted a stronger association between gallbladder stone disease and migraines in women compared to men. This gender disparity suggests that hormonal factors may play a significant role in the relationship between these conditions.

Hormonal Factors in GSD

• Estrogen: Higher estrogen levels can increase cholesterol secretion in bile, promoting gallstone formation.
• Pregnancy: The risk of GSD increases during pregnancy due to hormonal changes.
• Oral contraceptives: Some hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of gallstone development.

Hormonal Influences on Migraines

• Menstrual migraines: Many women experience migraines in association with their menstrual cycle.
• Pregnancy effects: Some women report changes in migraine patterns during pregnancy.
• Menopause: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause can impact migraine frequency and severity.

How do hormones connect GSD and migraines? The shared hormonal influences on both conditions may partially explain their association, particularly in women. This connection underscores the importance of considering hormonal factors in the diagnosis and management of both GSD and migraines.

Hormonal Management Strategies

1. Hormonal therapy adjustments: Working with healthcare providers to optimize hormonal treatments for both conditions.
2. Tracking hormonal cycles: Keeping a diary of symptoms in relation to menstrual cycles can help identify patterns and guide treatment.
3. Lifestyle modifications: Adopting lifestyle changes that support hormonal balance, such as regular exercise and stress management.
4. Nutritional support: Consuming a diet rich in nutrients that support hormonal health.

By addressing hormonal factors, patients and healthcare providers may be able to develop more effective strategies for managing both gallbladder stone disease and migraines, particularly in women.

The Impact of Comorbidities on GSD and Migraine Risk

The study by Chen et al. also highlighted the role of comorbidities in increasing the risk of migraines in patients with gallbladder stone disease. Understanding these associated conditions is crucial for comprehensive patient care and risk assessment.

Common Comorbidities Associated with Increased Risk

• Hypertension: High blood pressure was found to increase migraine risk in GSD patients.
• Hyperlipidemia: Abnormal lipid levels were associated with higher migraine risk in the study population.
• Diabetes: While not specifically mentioned in the study, diabetes is a known risk factor for both GSD and migraines.
• Obesity: Excess weight can contribute to both gallstone formation and increased migraine frequency.

Why do these comorbidities matter? The presence of these associated conditions may exacerbate the underlying mechanisms linking GSD and migraines, potentially leading to a higher risk of developing or worsening both conditions.

Strategies for Managing Comorbidities

1. Regular health screenings: Monitoring for associated conditions in patients with either GSD or migraines.
2. Integrated care approach: Coordinating care among different specialists to address all health concerns comprehensively.
3. Lifestyle interventions: Implementing diet and exercise programs to address multiple health issues simultaneously.
4. Medication management: Carefully selecting and adjusting medications to treat comorbidities while considering their impact on GSD and migraines.
5. Patient education: Empowering patients with knowledge about the interconnected nature of these conditions and the importance of managing overall health.

By addressing comorbidities effectively, healthcare providers may be able to reduce the risk and severity of both gallbladder stone disease and migraines in affected individuals.

Diagnostic Challenges and Opportunities

The newly discovered link between gallbladder stone disease and migraines presents both challenges and opportunities in the diagnostic process. Healthcare providers must now consider the potential interplay between these conditions when evaluating patients.

Diagnostic Considerations

• Overlapping symptoms: Some symptoms of GSD, such as nausea and abdominal pain, may mimic migraine symptoms.
• Atypical presentations: The presence of one condition may alter the typical presentation of the other.
• Increased vigilance: Healthcare providers should be alert to the possibility of both conditions coexisting.
• Comprehensive history-taking: Gathering detailed information about both GSD and migraine symptoms is crucial.

How can healthcare providers improve diagnosis in light of this connection? Implementing a more holistic approach to patient evaluation and considering the potential for comorbidity can lead to more accurate diagnoses and better patient outcomes.

Diagnostic Tools and Approaches

1. Imaging studies: Ultrasound for GSD detection and brain imaging for migraine evaluation when indicated.
2. Biomarker testing: Investigating potential shared biomarkers for both conditions.
3. Genetic screening: Exploring genetic factors that may predispose individuals to both GSD and migraines.
4. Interdisciplinary consultation: Collaborating with specialists in gastroenterology and neurology for comprehensive evaluation.
5. Patient-reported outcomes: Utilizing validated questionnaires to assess symptoms and impact on quality of life.

By employing a multifaceted diagnostic approach, healthcare providers can better identify and address the complex relationship between gallbladder stone disease and migraines, leading to more targeted and effective treatment strategies.

Gallbladder Stone Disease Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Migraines

. 2018 Nov 21;7(11):455.

doi: 10.3390/jcm7110455.

Chien-Hua Chen 
^1
 
2
 
3
, Cheng-Li Lin 
^4
 
5
, Chia-Hung Kao 
^6
 
7
 
8

Affiliations

Affiliations

• ¹ Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang 505, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ² Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. showchench@yahoo. com.tw.
• ³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁴ Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁵ College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁶ Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁷ Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁸ Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].

• PMID:

  30469346

• PMCID:

  PMC6262500

• DOI:

  10.3390/jcm7110455

Free PMC article

Chien-Hua Chen et al.

J Clin Med.

2018.

Free PMC article

. 2018 Nov 21;7(11):455.

doi: 10.3390/jcm7110455.

Authors

Chien-Hua Chen 
^1
 
2
 
3
, Cheng-Li Lin 
^4
 
5
, Chia-Hung Kao 
^6
 
7
 
8

Affiliations

• ¹ Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang 505, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ² Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁴ Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁵ College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁶ Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁷ Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].
• ⁸ Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. [email protected].

• PMID:

  30469346

• PMCID:

  PMC6262500

• DOI:

  10.3390/jcm7110455

Abstract

Background: Several pathophysiological mechanisms are shared in both gallbladder stone disease (GSD) and migraines. We assessed the migraine risk for patients diagnosed with GSD. Methods: We identified 20,427 patients who were diagnosed with GSD between 2000 and 2011 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) as the study cohort. We randomly selected 81,706 controls from the non-GSD population with frequency matching by age and index year for the control cohort. All patient cases were followed until the end of 2011 to measure the incidence of migraines. Results: The cumulative incidence of migraines was greater in patients with GSD than in those without GSD (log-rank test: p < 0.001). The risk of migraine (3.89 vs. 2.30 per 10,000 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41⁻1.73) was greater for the GSD cohort than that for the non-GSD cohort. The risk of migraine increased with the time of follow-up after a diagnosis of GSD. The risk of migraine contributed by GSD was greater for all age groups. The risk of migraine for GSD patients with depression (aHR = 2. 89, 95% CI = 2.21⁻3.77), anxiety (aHR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.58⁻2.70), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (aHR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.69⁻2.48) tended to be greater than that for GSD patients without depression (aHR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.39⁻1.72), anxiety (aHR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.46⁻1.81), and CAD (aHR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.47⁻1.85), respectively. Compared with the patients without GSD, the risk of developing migraines was greater in those GSD patients either with (aHR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.19⁻1.63) or without (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.48⁻1.88) cholecystectomy. Compared with the GSD patients that have not had a cholecystectomy, the risk of developing migraines was lower in the GSD patients that had a cholecystectomy (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69⁻0.99). Conclusions: GSD is associated with an increased risk of migraines in the Taiwanese population, but the risk diminishes after a cholecystectomy. Furthermore, in the development of migraines, GSD is synergic with some migraine-associated comorbidities, such as CAD, depression, and anxiety. Further study is necessary to clarify whether GSD is a causal risk factor for migraine.

Keywords:

cholecystectomy; cohort study; comorbidity; gallbladder stone disease; migraine.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Cumulative incidence comparison of migraines…

Figure 1

Cumulative incidence comparison of migraines for patients with (dashed line) or without (solid…

Figure 1

Cumulative incidence comparison of migraines for patients with (dashed line) or without (solid line) gallbladder stone disease.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Warning Signs of a Gallbladder Attack – ActiveBeat

Gallbladder attacks are downright scary! Often mistaken for a heart attack, when the gallbladder is unhealthy, this small digestive organ is unable to properly aid the digestive process (by storing liver bile and excreting it into the small intestine for food digestion). As a result, gallstones can form and block bile ducts, bile can back up into the gallbladder and cause painful inflammation, or the gallbladder can become infected with a condition known as cholecystitis.

A gallbladder attack can come on suddenly and last anywhere between a few minutes to a few hours, requiring hospitalization. That’s why staying calm and recognizing the signs can be important to your health and ability to sustain an attack.

Let’s take a look at the 16 warning signs and symptoms of a gallbladder attack…

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1. Belly Pain

The gallbladder is a little sac, or storage compartment, for bile, which is produced by the liver. The gallbladder emits bile into the small intestines via a duct referred to as the cystic duct. The entire process is meant to break down foods (namely fatty foods). You wouldn’t normally pay too much attention to your gallbladder, unless bile flow slows or becomes blocked, which can be very painful.

One of the most common and evident symptoms of gallstones is pain that begins in the upper right portion of the stomach, under the ribs. This belly pain will radiate outwards, moving gradually to the center of the belly or upper back. Gallstone attacks accompanied by pain of this nature usually last 15 minutes, but many patients report continuing or lingering pain can go on for hours and even rouse you from sleep.

2. Indigestion

Complaints of gas, nausea, and abdominal discomfort after meals are the most common symptoms, but they may be vague and difficult to distinguish from similar complaints in people who do not have gallbladder disease. It makes perfect sense that the gallbladder would affect digestion when you consider that it’s such an important part of the digestive process, which enables fat-absorbable nutrients (i.e. , vitamins A, D, E, and K) and emulsified fat to pass through the intestinal lining and enter the bloodstream.

When this occurs, the patient may experience symptoms of biliary pain or colic, which causes a steady gripping pain (i.e., like heartburn) in the upper right abdomen near the rib cage. Also, akin to heartburn, colic can radiate to the upper back and behind the breast bone causing pain, pressure, and discomfort.

3. Vomiting

Gallstone pain can cause extreme nausea and vomiting, particularly following meals. This may help relieve some of the gas pressure and stomach pain. However, it can be accompanied by a fever and extreme nausea leading up to the point of actually vomiting. This pain is known as biliary pain or colic and can last from one to several hours following a meal.

Biliary colic can occur with sleeping position, during the night when sleeping, or at the same time every day, but it’s typically spurred by consuming a large or fatty meal. We’ve already established that the gallbladder plays an important role in digestion (particularly of fats), which explains why it can strike soon after a large or rich meal.

4. Lack of Appetite

Loss of appetite will occur gradually as gallstone pain worsens. If nausea occurs mainly following meals, the patient may avoid eating altogether due to fear of pain and discomfort.  As inflammation or infection of the gallbladder worsens, a gallstone can completely block bile ducts and make digestion very painful.

Gallbladder pain often occurs when bile ducts are blocked. When this occurs, bile (a liquid made up of waste called bilirubin) is forced to build up in the liver, commonly in people with weakened immune systems. If your appetite is lacking due to nausea and indigestion, you should talk to your doctor. A simple blood test can indicate increased bilirubin, liver enzymes and alkaline phosphate levels, which all point to a blockage.

5. Jaundice

Again, if a gallstone becomes lodged in or blocks a bile duct, the substance will remain in your body and bloodstream, turning your skin and the whites of the eyes a yellowish hue (known as jaundice). As mentioned, bile ( a combination of waste products, including bilirubin, cholesterol, and bile salts) is emitted by the liver in order to break down food for digestion after meals.

However, bile might not be released into the small intestine to aid digestion if a gallstone has developed. When bile ducts become blocked, bile has nowhere to go so it remains and accumulates in the liver. The buildup of bile will lead to increased levels of bilirubin (waste product) in the blood, and jaundice (or a yellowing of the skin) will occur.

6. Urine Changes

Gallstones are small stones that are made up of a mixture of cholesterol, bile pigment, and calcium salts. If they form in the gallbladder, the bile pigment can cause urine to turn a dark brown or yellow. However, some patients develop urine that’s deep brown or even maroon in color versus the healthy shade of straw to yellow color, which signifies a hydrated system.

When there is an excess of waste products in the body, in the case of gallstones, it may indicate that a bile duct is blocked. This results in too much potentially dangerous waste products circulating in the body. Dark or discolored urine can indicate gallbladder issues as well as dehydration. However, blood tinged urine usually indicates kidney damage.

7. Diarrhea

Explosive and frequent bowel movements (up to 4 times daily) can occur with gallstone attacks, accompanied by pain that tends to come and go. Also, pain with these conditions may be felt all over the belly, rather than in one spot. For instance, you could experience radiating pain in the abdomen, breast bone (like heartburn), and lower back due to a gallstone attack.

Also, bowel movements may become light or chalky in color. Your stool may also be lighter in weight and float or the stools may be loose. Diarrhea is also a common result of insufficient bile (which can indicate a blockage). If your bowel movements are too frequent (10 times per day is high), talk to your doctor and get checked for gallstones.

8.

Stool Changes

When gallstones—a painful mixture of bile, cholesterol, and hardened bilirubin—grow in size and block bile ducts, which normally help push bile into the intestines for elimination, the color of the stool can become pale or clay-like in color. When bowel movements become explosive, loose, float, or become very frequent (up to 10 times per day) this indicates an issue and could characterize a gallstone attack.

With a bile duct blockage (due to gallstones) bowel movements will typically take on a light or chalky color. Stool consistency may also be lighter in weight and loose. Diarrhea is also common and can result in dehydration if lost fluid is not replenished.

9. Fever

If a patient with gallstones or prone to gallbladder attacks experiences fever and chills, this typically indicates an infection of the bile duct. According to researchers at the University of Maryland Medical Center, roughly one-third of gallstone sufferers experience fever and chills.

However, keep in mind that fever will not result from typical biliary colic (or a bile duct blockage). More serious fevers will occur with acute cholecystitis, which may be by nausea and vomiting. Patients who experience this grouping of symptoms should seek medical attention immediately. Acute cholecystitis(or gallbladder inflammation) is a life-threatening condition that can cause  gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder if left untreated.

10. Chest Pain

Oftentimes, a gallbladder attack is mistaken for a heart attack. This occurs if a blockage or infection afflicts the gallbladder or bile duct, as the acid is trapped in the stomach and gets pushed up into the chest, resulting in heart attack-like pain. Even though chest pain can indicate a heart attack, following a big or rich meal, your chest pain may be more indicative of a gallbladder attack.

Heartburn is a common symptom of gallbladder issues if it occurs after eating, while lying down (particularly after eating), or bending over, which puts pressure on the abdomen and chest. Heartburn due to gallbladder disease typically is a burning sensation in your chest that radiates upward to the upper abdomen and neck.

11. Pain Between Shoulder Blades

One of the most common symptoms of a gallbladder attack is pain. This pain typically occurs in the abdomen or the chest, as mentioned earlier, but can radiate outward, oftentimes toward the upper back between the shoulder blades.

It tends to affect the right shoulder blade, particularly, and can also spread into the shoulder area. This is because, while the gallbladder itself cannot experience pain, the nerves in this organ also extend to the muscles in the back—specifically, the area surrounding the right shoulder blade.

12. Feeling Abnormally Full

The gallbladder plays a crucial role in the digestive process, so when it’s not working properly—often because the bile ducts are blocked by gallstones—food doesn’t move through the body as it should. This may leave you feeling abnormally full for an extended period of time, even after consuming a small meal.

13. Feeling Bloated

Since your digestion has slowed considerably, leaving food in the stomach for far longer than normal, it’s common to experience bloating, which the body may try to relieve by burping or belching.

14. Dizziness

Although not as common of a symptom, individuals with gallbladder problems may also experience dizzy spells. There are a couple of reasons this can occur. The first is that an infection in the gallbladder may have spread to the bloodstream, causing the body to go into shock and blood pressure to drop dramatically. This drop in blood pressure can cause dizziness, as well as confusion, lightheadedness, and fainting.

Another reason that dizziness can occur with gallbladder problems is due to something called the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve helps to regulate blood pressure and is stimulated by a gallbladder attack, which causes blood pressure to drop, thus resulting in dizziness.

15. Constipation

As previously discussed, gallstones can cause a person to experience diarrhea, which occurs due to insufficient bile as a result of the blockage. But poor flow of bile can also cause the opposite problem, constipation, as it slows down the muscle contractions along the digestive system that are necessary for moving food through the body.

EverydayHealth.com indicates that constipation may also occur “as a complication of gallstones,” such as gallstone ileus, which the source explains is “a pretty rare event in which a large gallstone passes from the gallbladder into the intestine and blocks the flow of digested food from the small intestine into the colon (large intestine).”

16. Headache

Headaches can be caused by any number of reasons, from stress to lack of sleep. So if you experience one, you’re not likely to think it may be due to problems with your gallbladder, but it very well could be.

DrJockers.com explains that congestion in the gallbladder, due to blocked bile ducts caused by gallstones, can cause stress throughout the body as well as inflammation in the gut. And “both of these mechanisms can increase tension in the blood supply around the skull and brain and lead to headaches and migraines. ” One helpful way to tell if your headache is the result of gallbladder attack is if the pain occurs over your eyes, particularly above the right eye.

17. Risk Factors

Certain risk factors can increase your chances of developing gallstones. This condition is more common among females, people over the age of 40, and those with a family history of gallstones. Native Americans and Mexican-Americans are also at higher risk of gallstone attacks.

Of course, it’s possible for you to develop a gallbladder attack without falling under one of these groups. There are risk factors both in and out of your control. Developing gallstones can be related to certain lifestyle choices and medical situations. Some of them include:

• Being pregnant
• Lack of physical activity
• Eating a high-fat, high-cholesterol, or low-fiber diet
• Having diabetes
• Having certain blood disorders
• Sudden weight loss
• Taking medications that contain estrogen
• Having liver disease

18.

Possible Complications

If you don’t seek treatment for gallstones, there are a number of health complications that you could develop. This includes inflammation of the gallbladder, blockage of the common bile duct, or blockage of the pancreatic duct. There is also an elevated risk of developing gallbladder cancer for those with a history of gallstones, though this type of cancer is rarer than others.

19. Preventing a Gallbladder Attack

You can implement healthy choices into your lifestyle to prevent gallbladder problems. The easiest thing you can do is adjust your diet. Mayo Clinic suggests eating high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. You should also try to eat your meals at the same time each day and maintain a healthy weight.

20. When to See a Doctor

People who are experiencing any symptoms of a gallbladder attack should see their doctor. If you have abdominal pain that won’t subside after a few hours, it could be gallstones if accompanied by other symptoms. Make sure to see a doctor if you have nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, or other symptoms listed above along with the abdominal pain.

Can the gallbladder burst and how to prevent its rupture?

Contents

• 1 Burst of the gallbladder: causes, symptoms and emergency response
  • 1.1 Structure of the gallbladder
    • 1.1.1 Shape and location of the gallbladder
    • 1.1.2 Wall of the same gallbladder
    • 1.1.3 Functions of the gallbladder bladder
  • 1.2 Causes of gallbladder rupture
    • 1.2.1 Gallstones
    • 1.2.2 Trauma
    • 1.2.3 Diseases of the biliary tract
  • 1.3 Symptoms of gallbladder rupture
  • 1.4 Diagnosis of gallbladder rupture
  • 1.5 Treatment of gallbladder rupture

  9 0005 1.6 Ways to prevent gallbladder rupture

  • 1.7 How to avoid gallbladder disease
  • 1.8 Nutrition for gallbladder disease
    • 1.8.1 What to avoid in your diet
    • 1. 8.2 What to include in your diet
    • 1.8.3 Diet
    • 1.8.4 The importance of drinking
  • 1.9 The risk of developing gallbladder cancer when it bursts
  • 1.10 The gallbladder and the psyche: how are they connected?
  • 1.11 Related videos:
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1.12.0.1 What is the gallbladder and what is it responsible for in the body?
      • 1.12.0.2 What are the causes of gallbladder rupture?
      • 1.12.0.3 What symptoms may indicate a gallbladder rupture?
      • 1.12.0.4 What prevention methods help to avoid gallbladder rupture?
      • 1.12.0.5 How can a ruptured gallbladder be treated?
      • 1.12.0.6 What are the consequences of gallbladder rupture?

Can the gallbladder burst and what are the reasons for this. Learn about symptoms and treatments to prevent the risk of complications.

The gallbladder is a small sac located next to the liver and has important functions in the body. But what happens if the gallbladder bursts? This can lead to serious problems such as peritonitis, which require immediate medical attention.

Although a burst gallbladder is rare, it is important to be aware of the causes that can lead to this outcome. Moreover, there are several ways to prevent gallbladder rupture, following which, you can reduce the risk of such problems.

In this article, we look at the possible causes of a ruptured gallbladder, the symptoms to watch out for, and what steps to take to prevent a possible rupture of the gallbladder.

Structure of the gallbladder

Shape and location of the gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small sac-shaped organ associated with the liver and bile ducts. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, approximately below the liver. The gallbladder usually holds up to 50 ml of bile.

Wall of the gallbladder

The wall of the gallbladder consists of three layers:

• Mucous membrane: the innermost layer covered with epithelium. Here, mucus is produced, which protects the wall of the bladder from contact with bile.
• Muscle layer: the second layer consisting mainly of smooth muscle. It provides contractions of the gallbladder and expulsion of bile into the duodenum.
• Outer layer: consists of connective tissue and contains blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerve endings.

Functions of the gallbladder

The main function of the gallbladder is to store the bile secreted by the liver and transport it to the duodenum where it participates in digestion. Bile contains bile acids, which are involved in the breakdown of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. In addition, the gallbladder plays an important role in the regulation of bile secretion, maintaining its stability and thickening when it is concentrated.

The role of bile in digestionBileFunction

Bile acids	Break down fats and absorb fat-soluble vitamins.
Bile pigments	Color the feces.
Cholesterol	Regulates bile production and is involved in metabolism.

Causes of gallbladder rupture

Gallstones

One of the main causes of gallbladder rupture is gallstones that form inside the gallbladder. These stones can cause a disease known as cholecystitis, which causes the lining of the bladder to become inflamed and irritated. If the disease is not treated, then the stones can break through the walls of the bladder and cause it to rupture.

Trauma

Another common cause of gallbladder rupture is trauma, such as blows or accidents. These injuries can cause a tear or fracture of the gallbladder wall, which can lead to adverse outcomes.

Diseases of the biliary tract

Some diseases of the biliary tract, such as cancer of the gallbladder or narrowing of the bile ducts, can also lead to rupture of the gallbladder. These diseases can cause abnormal pressure in the bladder, making its walls more prone to rupture.

In general, to prevent a rupture of the gallbladder, it is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations and monitor your health. If any adverse symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor and receive the necessary treatment.

Gallbladder rupture symptoms

Gallbladder rupture is a dangerous and extremely rare disease. With this violation, the integrity of the strong muscular organ of the gallbladder, which is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen under the liver, is violated. This condition is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

Symptoms of gallbladder rupture may include:

1. Acute and severe pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which may radiate to the back of the body;
2. Nausea;
3. Vomiting;
4. Jaundice of skin and eyes;
5. Fever;
6. Loss of consciousness.

If you suspect a ruptured gallbladder, seek medical attention or call an ambulance immediately. The sooner you get medical help, the better your chances of recovery will be.

Gallbladder rupture diagnosis

Gallbladder rupture is a serious, rare but dangerous problem. If you suspect a ruptured gallbladder, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Diagnosing a ruptured gallbladder includes:

• Physical examination: The doctor will visually examine and palpate the abdomen for signs of a ruptured gallbladder, such as intense pain and tenderness in the right upper abdomen.
• Blood tests: CBC and CBC are usually ordered. Elevated levels of bilirubin, amylase, and white blood cells may indicate a ruptured gallbladder.
• Ultrasound: is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that allows visualization of the gallbladder and detects the presence of gallstones, gall plugs and other pathologies that can lead to rupture of the gallbladder.

In some cases, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or laparoscopy may be needed to more accurately diagnose gallbladder rupture.

Treatment of gallbladder rupture

Rupture of the gallbladder is a serious and dangerous disease that requires immediate treatment.

After the operation, the patient may be prescribed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, since after the rupture of the gallbladder there is a risk of infectious complications.

In addition, regular care for general health and proper nutrition are important. It is important to monitor the level of cholesterol and fats in the blood. The diet should consist of easily digestible foods and include plenty of vegetables and fruits.

In case of pain in the gallbladder area, it is necessary to consult a doctor and make a diagnosis in time to avoid critical consequences.

Ways to prevent gallbladder rupture

Proper nutrition. Foods rich in fats and cholesterol can lead to the formation of gallstones, which can lead to rupture. Therefore, it is recommended to eat healthier foods, including fruits, vegetables, and low-fat foods.

Regular meals. Excessive stress on the gallbladder caused by intermittent snacking can lead to gallbladder rupture. It is recommended to follow the recommended diet and eat in small portions.

Physical exercise. Physical activity such as running, walking, swimming can help prevent gallbladder rupture as it helps to strengthen the abdominal muscles.

Weight loss. Being overweight can be one of the main causes of gallstones, which can lead to rupture. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce your weight to a normal level in order to reduce the risk of gallbladder rupture.

Regular inspection. Regular check-ups can help identify gallbladder problems before they become serious. It is recommended to visit the doctor regularly and carry out the necessary studies.

Drink plenty of water. A well-hydrated body can help prevent gallstones. It is recommended to consume at least 2 liters of water per day to reduce the risk of gallbladder rupture.

Risk of gallbladder rupture by age and sex Male
Women
Under 60 60 to 80 Over 80

How to avoid gallbladder disease

The gallbladder is an important organ that stores bile and helps release it for the digestion of fatty foods. However, some people may be at risk for gallbladder diseases such as gallstones, cholecystitis, and others.

However, if you are already experiencing gallbladder problems, you should contact your doctor for professional treatment. Some treatments may include diet, medication, or even surgery.

Also, it should be noted that it is important to see a doctor at the first sign of gallbladder problems, such as pain or discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, or discoloration of the stool.

So, taking care of your gallbladder health starts with a healthy lifestyle and mindfulness of your body. If you encounter problems, see a doctor for qualified help and treatment.

Nutrition for gallbladder diseases

What to exclude from the diet

For gallbladder diseases, fatty, fried, spicy dishes, spices, smoked meats, mayonnaise, butter, fatty dairy products, chocolate, coffee and carbonated drinks should be excluded from the diet . These foods increase the load on the gallbladder and can cause an exacerbation of the disease.

What to include in your diet

To maintain a healthy gallbladder, you need to eat right and rationally. It is recommended to include light, low-fat meals rich in fiber and vitamins in the diet. It can be vegetable stews, baked vegetables, stewed vegetables, egg white scrambled eggs, cereals on the water. It is also worth eating fresh vegetables and fruits every day.

Diet

Equally important is the correct diet. It is recommended to eat in small portions 5-6 times a day. This will help avoid gallbladder overstrain, speed up metabolism and enhance digestion.

The importance of drinking regimen

In addition to proper nutrition, it is important to drink enough water throughout the day. This will help detoxify the body, cleanse the liver and bile ducts, and reduce the risk of gallstones.

Sample menu for diseases of the gallbladder Meal timesWhat you can eat

The risk of developing gallbladder cancer when it bursts

When the gallbladder bursts, the risk of developing gallbladder cancer increases. This is due to the fact that when bursting, the contents of the gallbladder enter the abdominal cavity, which can lead to inflammation and the formation of scar tissue replacement.

Rupture of the gallbladder can also exacerbate chronic cholecystitis, which also increases the risk of gallbladder cancer.

It is also important to seek medical attention at the first sign of gallbladder disease in order to prevent complications and reduce the risk of gallbladder cancer.

Gallbladder and psyche: how are they connected?

The influence of the psyche on the functioning of the gallbladder can be observed in many people. Stress, nervous experiences and emotional overstrain can cause a narrowing of the bile duct and make it difficult to remove bile. This can lead to the formation of stones and gallbladder disease.

Also, a long period of mental stress can increase the level of the hormone cortisol in the blood, which, in turn, can lead to disruption of the gallbladder.

In order to prevent possible problems with the gallbladder, it is necessary to monitor the mental state and be able to cope with emerging negative emotions. Regular yoga, meditation, exercise, or outdoor activities can help relieve stress and improve overall health.

It is also important to maintain proper nutrition and avoid long breaks between meals, as this can cause pain and problems with the gallbladder.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is the gallbladder and what is it responsible for in the body?

The gallbladder is an organ located under the human liver. It serves to store and concentrate bile, which is released into the bile ducts and enters the intestines to participate in the digestive process.

What are the causes of gallbladder rupture?

Rupture of the gallbladder can be caused by various factors: for example, hepatitis, gallstone disease, trauma. Also, the risk of rupture increases with increased pressure inside the gallbladder and in the presence of tumors.

What are the symptoms of gallbladder rupture?

Symptoms of gallbladder rupture may include acute pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, fever. If these symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What prevention methods help to avoid gallbladder rupture?

Preventive measures include proper nutrition, reduction of fatty, spicy and spicy foods, smoking cessation, regular physical activity, weight loss. It is also recommended to regularly undergo dispensary observation and not to postpone a visit to the doctor if there are any complaints.

How can a gallbladder rupture be treated?

Treatment of gallbladder rupture is always an operation that is performed only in a hospital setting. Doctors may perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in which the gallbladder is removed through a small incision in the abdomen. After surgery, patients are given antibiotics to prevent infection and prolong the life of the remaining gallbladder tissue.

What are the consequences of gallbladder rupture?

If you do not see a doctor in time, gallbladder rupture can lead to serious complications such as peritonitis, purulent infection, sepsis. Also, the gap can lead to dysfunction of the liver and other organs of the digestive system.

Double gallbladder

Double gallbladder

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contains materials intended exclusively for healthcare professionals. By closing this message, you confirm that you are a registered medical professional or student of a medical educational institution.

Galimov O.V.

Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of the Institute of Additional Postgraduate Education of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa, Russia

Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of the Institute of Additional Postgraduate Education of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa, Russia

Sagitdinov R. R.

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of IDPO, Ufa, Russia

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of IDPO, Ufa, Russia

GBUZ RB City Hospital No. 1, Oktyabrsky, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

Double gallbladder

Authors:

Galimov O.V., Khanov V.O., Sagitdinov R.R., Kryuchkov R.A., Kryuchkov A.K.

More about the authors

Journal:

Endoscopic surgery.

2019;25(5): 45‑48

DOI:

10.17116/endoskop20192505145

How to quote:

Galimov O.V., Khanov V.O., Sagitdinov R.R., Kryuchkov R.A., Kryuchkov A.K. Double gallbladder. Endoscopic surgery.
2019;25(5):45‑48.
Galimov OV, Khanov VO, Sagitdinov RR, Kryuchkov RA, Kryuchkov AK. Double gallbladder. Endoscopic Surgery. 2019;25(5):45‑48. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/endoskop20192505145

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The paper presents a case of successful treatment of a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system — a true duplication of the gallbladder. A young woman, 26 years old, was admitted for surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis. During a diagnostic laparoscopic examination, an anomaly of the gallbladder was found in the form of its doubling with the presence of a cystic duct in each bladder and a loose type of blood supply. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with ligation and clipping of the cystic ducts was performed. Histological examination revealed acute cholecystitis. The postoperative period was uneventful, the patient was discharged on the 6th day after the operation.

Keywords:

double gallbladder

gallbladder anomalies

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Authors:

Galimov O.V.

Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of the Institute of Additional Postgraduate Education of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa, Russia

Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of the Institute of Additional Postgraduate Education of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa, Russia

Sagitdinov R. R.

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of IDPO, Ufa, Russia

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Surgical Diseases and New Technologies with the course of IDPO, Ufa, Russia

GBUZ RB City Hospital No. 1, Oktyabrsky, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

Close metadata

Double gallbladder ( vesica fellea duplex ), like other congenital malformations of the biliary system, is quite rare (with a frequency of 1:3000-1:4000) and is usually detected only during surgery [1, 2] . The simplest form of doubling is the cavity of the gallbladder, divided by a longitudinal septum to the cervical region into two chambers with one common cystic duct (Fig. 1, a). Rice. 1. Double gallbladder. a – gallbladder, divided by a longitudinal septum to the cervical region with one common cystic duct; b – true duplication of the gallbladder. True duplication of the gallbladder (two fully formed organs) is much less common. During embryonic development, small pockets may form in the choledochus or in the hepatic duct, if they persist, a second gallbladder is formed, which has its own bile duct. If the pocket is formed from the cystic duct and is preserved, then both gallbladders flow into the common hepatic duct through a common Y-shaped duct (see Fig. 1, b). Bubbles can vary in shape and size, with the smaller one being considered incremental.

Intravesical septa consist of fibromuscular tissue, they prevent the outflow of bile from the bladder and its emptying. Intravesical septa can be longitudinal, multiple, and also have the form of circulatory membranes [3]. The literature provides information that pathological processes often develop in the additional gallbladder [4, 5]. In particular, it is indicated that polyposis can be observed in one or simultaneously in two gallbladders [6], the formation of stones with the development of acute calculous cholecystitis [7, 8].

We present the observation of patient M. , 26 years old, with complete duplication of the gallbladder, successfully operated videoendoscopically for acute calculous cholecystitis.

Patient M. , 26 years old, was admitted to the surgical department of the R.B. City Hospital No. 1 (Oktyabrsky) on 06/04/18 on an emergency basis with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, weakness. The patient considers himself about a day, when, after eating fatty foods, these complaints appeared. During the last year I was disturbed by periodic pains in the right hypochondrium. The patient had not previously been examined. On admission, he was in a state of moderate severity. The color of the skin is physiological. Breathing is vesicular, no wheezing. Respiration rate 18 per minute. Heart sounds are rhythmic. Blood pressure 120/70 mm Hg. Pulse 74 beats per minute. Tongue wet, lined with white coating. The abdomen is symmetrical, not swollen, soft, painful on palpation in the right hypochondrium. There are no symptoms of peritoneal irritation. Positive symptoms of Kera, Ortner, Mussi-Georgievsky. Stool, urination are not disturbed. Laboratory data: general (clinical) blood test dated 06/04/18: leukocytes 10.8 10 ⁹ /l, erythrocytes 3.89 10 ¹² /l, hemoglobin 120 g/l, platelets 203 10 ⁹ /l. Biochemical blood test from 06/04/18: urea 5 mmol/l, creatinine 69.9 µmol/l, glucose 3.72 mmol/l, ALT 86 U/l, AST 24 U/l, protein 72 g/l, total bilirubin 8.3 µmol/l. Electrocardiography from 06/04/18: sinus rhythm with a heart rate of 79 bpm. The electrical axis of the heart is vertical. ECG signs of mitral valve prolapse. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs from 06/04/18: in the area of ​​the gallbladder, a double-contour shadow sized 10 × 4 and 3 × 4 cm, with a wall thickness of up to 5 mm, with an acoustic shadow in the area of ​​double contours of the gallbladder, is determined. Choledoch is 5 mm in diameter, does not contain calculi. FGDS from 06/04/18: chronic gastroduodenitis. Insufficiency of the cardia. Reflux esophagitis.

Diagnosis: Duplication of the gallbladder (?). Acute calculous cholecystitis. Indications for cholecystectomy were given.

Under general anesthesia, a typical laparoscopic approach was performed, additional manipulators were introduced at standard points. There is no effusion in the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum is smooth, shiny. Liver of normal size, with sharp edges, smooth capsule. The gallbladder is medium in size, freely accessible for inspection. The wall is thinned. When the cystic duct was isolated in the region of the Calot triangle, a hollow formation 3 × 5 cm in size was found, closely associated with the posterior wall of the gallbladder. The wall of the formation macroscopically corresponds to the wall of the gallbladder. The cystic duct is ligated at the Hartmann’s pocket, incised, catheterized with a thin catheter. Cholangiography was performed intraoperatively to clarify the anatomy and exclude possible damage to the ducts. On the radiograph, a larger gallbladder filled with contrast and the area of ​​confluence of the cystic ducts are well visualized, with the formation of a common cystic duct flowing into hepaticocholedochus. The common bile duct is 5 mm in diameter, the hepatic tree is completely contrasted, there are no filling defects, the contrast passes freely into the duodenum. Upon further isolation of the formation, a duct up to 3 mm in diameter was found, connecting this formation with the cystic duct (Fig. 2). Rice. 2. Schematic representation of the syntopy of the accessory gallbladder. The formation duct was clipped with 3 clips, crossed, leaving 2 clips on the stump (Fig. 3). Rice. 3. Stage of clipping of the accessory gallbladder duct. 1 – gallbladder; 2 – cystic duct; 3 – additional gallbladder; 4 – duct of the accessory gallbladder; 5 – the confluence of the cystic duct and the duct of the accessory gallbladder. Re-performed intraoperative cholangiography. The radiological picture has not changed. The cystic duct catheter has been removed. The cystic duct is clipped. The cystic artery was isolated, clipped and transected. The gallbladder is isolated from the bed. Cholecystectomy with removal of the drug through the paraumbilical incision. Hemostasis control. The trocars have been removed. The subhepatic space is drained by tubular drainage. Carbon dioxide is evacuated. The wounds are sutured. Aseptic bandages were applied.

Macropreparation: 1) gallbladder (“main”) 10×4 cm, thick bile with putty in the lumen; 2) an additional gallbladder 3×5 cm, in the lumen there are many small calculi with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The walls of both gallbladders are thickened up to 5 mm, in the neck of a smaller bladder containing stones, a fibrinous plaque is determined. Histological conclusion: ductular duplication of the gallbladder, acute phlegmonous calculous cholecystitis.

No features were observed in the postoperative period. The drainage was removed on the 2nd day.