Is my sore throat COVID-19 or not?

A sore throat is pretty common, as far as symptoms of illness go. Sore throat can be caused by illnesses ranging from the non-serious to the dangerous.

You can get a sore throat from the common cold. And if you’ve ever woken up with a sore throat after spending the day before cheering your heart out at a football game or screaming along to the lyrics at your favorite band’s concert, you also know you don’t need to be sick at all to get a sore throat.

So, when should you worry about a sore throat? That’s a question made even more pressing by the COVID-19 pandemic. A sore throat is also a common symptom of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.

Suspect a cold? Don’t brush it off

According to Brian Curtis, MD, vice president of Clinical Specialty Services for OSF HealthCare, a sore throat by itself is typically not something to worry about. Your throat could be irritated from allergies, air pollution or overuse. It could also be due to smoking, in which case the solution is simple (QUIT). If a lone sore throat lingers longer than a week, however, you should contact your physician.

And if you develop any other symptoms – even milder symptoms you typically associate with a common cold – you should contact your physician or get tested for COVID-19. The common cold and the virus that causes COVID-19 are both the same type of virus – called a coronavirus – and can cause similar symptoms.

Mild cases of COVID-19 can even look to an average person exactly like a cold. But if you have a mild case of COVID-19, you could spread the coronavirus to someone who suffers a worse infection. You need to be sure you aren’t putting others at risk if you have any possible COVID-19 symptoms.

“We have to be very vigilant with cold symptoms,” Dr. Curtis said. “We as a society used to be kind of dismissive of cold symptoms, but we can’t be dismissive of them now. If you have just a sore throat with no other symptoms, it’s less likely to be COVID-19. But with other symptoms, it is possible you have COVID. Sore throat, cough, fever – I would be worried about COVID.

“Having just an isolated sore throat. Only about 5-10% of COVID-19 patients will have that. Usually, they will have a touch of fever, loss of taste and smell and difficulty breathing.

What else could it be?

There are plenty of other possible causes for your sore throat, Dr. Curtis said. Did you recently get a new pet and are now experiencing a sore throat? Could be allergies. Here are some more tips for responding to a sore throat:

• If you also have difficulty swallowing, you should be seen by your physician. If you experience shortness of breath, you should be evaluated. If you have a single lump on one side of your neck, you should get evaluated. (strep is bilateral swelling)
• If your cold symptoms turn out to be due to an actual cold, you need some fluids and rest and you should be back up in a couple days.
• If you’ve got a sore throat with a fever, but no runny nose or cough, you might have strep throat. Check for exudate on the tonsils – a secretion caused by inflammation of the tonsils – and tender nodes on the front of your neck. Contact your physician.
• If your sore throat is accompanied by a low-grade fever and extreme fatigue, it could be mononucleosis, which is most common in people in their teens and 20s. Contact your physician.
• Influenza can cause a sore throat that is typically very abrupt, and commonly joined by body aches, fevers and headache.

The main point, according to Dr. Curtis, is that using internet search to diagnose yourself is not the safest idea. You should contact your physician if you have any questions or concerns about your health and any symptoms you experience.

When should you see a specialist for your headaches?

For many people, headaches are more than an occasional inconvenience. If you suffer from frequent or severe headaches, the problem can seriously harm your quality of life and interfere with your ability to function.

Frequent tension headaches, brutal migraines or excruciating cluster headaches can leave sufferers feeling helpless against the pain (learn to tell the difference HERE). While headache disorders cannot be cured, they can be managed effectively.

If you suffer from regular headaches, severe headaches or both, a specialist can help you manage the issue by finding the best preventive treatment to reduce the frequency and identifying the treatment that works best for you when a headache occurs. That treatment could include physical therapy.

But how do you know if you need to see a specialist?

Frequency and intensity

As a general rule, if you have a headache requiring a pain reliever more than five days per month, it’s a good idea to see either your primary care physician or a specialist for evaluation and treatment. That’s according to Hrachya Nersesyan, MD, a neurologist and the director of the OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute Headache and Craniofacial Pain Program.

If you have fewer than four per month, you probably don’t need to see a specialist unless they are either severe migraines or cluster headaches that keep you from participating in your daily activities.

“If the headache management plan is simple, the doctor will give some simple directions and you will never need to worry about it again,” Dr. Nersesyan said. “People who have more than 15 headache days a month for more than two months, regardless of the type of headache, most definitely need to see a specialist.”

New and promising treatments for migraine should be available soon, Dr. Nersesyan said. So, if headaches are affecting your quality of life and most current treatments have failed, ask your doctor to see a headache specialist.

General tips for dealing with headaches

Regardless of whether seeking a specialist is right for you, there are several things everyone can do help.

• Get regular, good quality sleep
• Stay hydrated
• Eat regularly
• Maintain a healthy diet
• Avoid excessive amounts of caffeine
• Engage in regular physical activity
• Manage your weight

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From Common Symptoms to Testing Positive: My Coronavirus Journey

TIPS TO LIVE BY

April 15, 2020

By Shauna Garivey

My story begins on March 2, when I started noticing some fatigue — which I quickly brushed off.  I’d just had a very busy weekend, of course I was exhausted. A few days later, I woke up with a pretty bad sore throat. But, as a seasonal allergy sufferer, I took some ibuprofen and carried on with my day. The next several days came with an ear ache, irritation deep in my sinuses and a slight cough, all of which I consider to be very manageable symptoms.

You see, I’m a health care worker. As a senior medical assistant in one of Houston Methodist’s primary care offices, I have a few tricks up my sleeve when it comes to dealing with sore throats and sinus irritation. Plus, I work with a doctor, and I’d been updating him on my symptoms. We both suspected my allergies were acting up again.

When my minor symptoms became not-so-minor

On day six, I woke up with a severe headache — one like I’d never had before, which was scary. It lasted the whole weekend. When I got to work on Monday, I told my doctor about my headache, and he mentioned I could have a sinus infection. But, as a person who hates taking antibiotics unless I really need to, I decided to just wait to see if my symptoms got worse.

Things never really got much worse for me. Just a few days later, I was left with only lingering symptoms — a headache and some strange nasal congestion that wasn’t really even congestion. About a week and a half after my symptoms had started, I was finally feeling like I was on the mend.

My symptoms started long before COVID-19 was spreading in the community, so I didn’t think twice about it being more than just allergies. Plus, I didn’t really have any of the most common COVID-19 symptoms. I never had a fever and my cough was slight and infrequent. Looking back, I may have had a little bit of chest pain here and there, but only when I’d cough — which, in itself, was rare.

But, then I got some news.

From possible exposure to testing positive

On day 11, my husband called to tell me that someone who was at the same event as us a few weeks before had tested positive for the new coronavirus that causes COVID-19.

One thing to know about me is that I’m the type of person who never stops learning. Between my own research and the questions I’d asked the doctor I work with, I already knew most of what I needed to know about COVID-19 long before my husband told me that we’d possibly been exposed.

But, before I could really even process what this information meant for me and my health, I knew I needed to get tested immediately — for the sake of my patients. Knowing that I interact with people every single day, including infants and the elderly, all I could think was: “What if I got someone sick?” and “What if I get someone else sick?”

I was symptomatic, I’d had a possible exposure and I needed to know if I had COVID-19. Thankfully, I was able to get tested. After a few swabs, some questions and a chest x-ray, my husband and I were sent home since our symptoms were minor. We immediately began quarantining.

A day later, we got the phone call. Both my husband and I had tested positive for coronavirus. We were two of the earliest COVID-19 cases caused by community spread in the Houston area.

How life changed after being diagnosed with COVID-19

As soon as I found out I had COVID-19, I was a wreck. All I could think about were my patients. Honestly, I was more concerned about them than I was about myself.

After alerting my office of my results, the staff immediately began contacting my patients — letting them know that a member of their care team had tested positive for coronavirus. I was so impressed with how well my office handled the situation, and the patients all seemed very understanding and many were grateful for the transparency. For now, I had some peace of mind.

In the meantime, we kept quarantining. Family and friends left supplies and groceries for us in our garage. We spent hours on the phone with the local health department as they tried to pinpoint who we’d come into contact with while symptomatic. I worked from home, answering emails and questions from my patients about their follow-up care. Mostly, we just took care of ourselves and waited.

Doing everything I can to turn my experience into something positive

Eventually, the local health department gave us the all clear to leave our house. Around that time I got wind of an experimental therapy Houston Methodist was using called convalescent plasma therapy. Soon after, we were contacted by Dr. Salazar’s team — asking if we were interested in donating our blood plasma. We were, of course, both excited and willing to do anything we could to help people whose COVID-19 journeys had been more severe than ours.

Unfortunately, my blood plasma contained HLA antibodies, which meant I couldn’t donate. My husband, however, could donate his blood plasma — which he’s actually done a total of four times now. While I was devastated I couldn’t contribute to potentially saving someone’s life, I let the research team know that they were welcome to use my blood plasma for any sort of COVID-19 research they were doing. I wanted, and still want, to do anything I can to help.

With the uncertainties of this new virus still looming, it’s hard to know if my COVID-19 journey is coming to an end or if I’m still somewhere in the middle of it all. I do know that I’ve learned a lot — and I hope to put it to good use. After having coronavirus, I feel that I’m even more prepared as a health care worker. I know that I can use my experience to help explain this illness to people, hopefully easing any anxiety or fear they may have.

Regardless of where I am in my COVID-19 journey, I also know that we’re all in this together. I feel like everything I’ve done since starting in health care 16 years ago has all happened for a reason. It’s prepared me for this experience and solidified everything I’ve learned. I got my family through COVID-19, and I want to try to help as many other people get through it as possible.

Concerned you may have COVID-19?

• If you’re experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, you can speak to a Virtual Urgent Care provider 24/7. The provider will help you determine if testing is needed and advise you on where you should go.

Can A Sinus Infection Cause A Sore Throat?

A sore throat can just be a symptom of a common cold that will soon clear up. Other times, however, it can be an indication that you may have a sinus infection.

In this blog, the board-certified ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctors with New York ENT explain how a sinus infection can cause a sore throat, as well as other symptoms.

What is a sinus infection?

A sinus infection occurs when your nasal passages become infected. Normally, the sinuses are hollow cavities that are filled with air. When they become blocked, however, they fill with fluid, which creates a breeding ground for germs that can cause an infection.

This type of blockage can be caused because of the following:

• Colds
• Allergies
• Bacteria
• Nasal polyps – grape-like growths on the lining of your nose
• Deviated septum – a severely crooked or off-center wall of cartilage and bone that divides your nose into two nostrils

What are common sinus infection symptoms?

Sinus infection symptoms can include the following:

• Sore throat
• Cough
• Hoarseness
• Headache
• Stuffy, congested nose
• Runny nose
• Fatigue
• Facial pain or pressure
• Fever
• Reduced sense of smell or taste
• Bad breath
• Yellowish or greenish nasal discharge
• Pain in the upper teeth

In some cases, a sinus infection – and its accompanying symptoms – can become chronic, lasting for weeks despite attempts to treat it.

Can a sinus infection cause a sore throat?

A sinus infection can cause thick mucus to drain down the back of your throat in larger, more noticeable quantities. Normally, it’s able to be mixed with saliva and slip down the back of your throat without you even noticing. But as more mucus is produced, it builds up as your inflamed sinuses are unable to drain it normally.

As it drains down the back of your throat, you may feel a tickling sensation that indicates a condition known as post nasal drip. It can also make your throat feel itchy or cause a sore throat.

What are the treatment options?

The type of treatment you need depends on your sinus infection symptoms as well as what’s causing your infection.

Common types of treatment include the following:

For symptoms:

• Decongestants – can dry the nasal cavity, but shouldn’t be used for more than a few days
• Saline spray – to rinse out the nasal cavity several times a day
• Corticosteroid spray – to help reduce inflammation
• Pain relievers – to reduce facial pain and pressure

For underlying conditions:

• Allergy treatment – such as prescription medication, nasal sprays, antihistamines, and decongestants. Allergy shots can also be used in order to build a tolerance to the substance that’s causing your allergy.
• Antibiotics – These will only help if your sinus infection and sore throat are caused by a bacterial infection.
• Surgery – If more conservative forms of treatment aren’t effective, surgery may be needed to correct an underlying structural issue.

The following are types of surgery commonly used to treat sinus infections:

• Balloon sinuplasty – a procedure in which a small balloon is inserted, inflated, and removed from your sinus passages in order to open and clear them
• Septoplasty – surgery to correct a deviated septum
• Polypectomy – surgery to remove nasal polyps
• Turbinectomy – surgery to reduce the size of nasal turbinates, which are structures on the side wall of the nose

If you’re suffering from a sore throat or other symptoms that could indicate the presence of a sinus infection, make an appointment today with New York ENT. Our board-certified ENT doctors offer the latest, most effective treatments to provide you with the best results and relieve your symptoms.

Sinusitis symptoms & treatment – Illnesses & conditions

Most people with sinusitis don’t need to see their GP. The condition is normally caused by a viral infection that clears up on its own.

Your symptoms will usually pass within two or three weeks (acute sinusitis) and you can look after yourself at home.

If the condition is severe, gets worse, or doesn’t improve (chronic sinusitis), you may need additional treatment from your GP or a hospital specialist. This can be difficult to treat and it may be several months before you’re feeling better.

Looking after yourself at home

If your symptoms are mild and have lasted less than a week or so, you can usually take care of yourself without seeing your GP.

The following tips may help you feel better until you recover:

• Take over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen to relieve a high temperature and pain – check the leaflet that comes with your medication first to check it’s suitable, and never give aspirin to children under 16 years of age.
• Use over-the-counter decongestant nasal sprays or drops to help unblock your nose and allow you to breathe more easily – these shouldn’t be used for more than a week at a time.
• Apply warm packs to your face to soothe your pain and help mucus drain from your sinuses.
• Regularly clean the inside of your nose with a salt water solution to help unblock your nose and reduce nasal discharge.

Cleaning inside your nose

You can clean the inside of your nose using either a home-made salt water solution or a solution made with sachets of ingredients bought from a pharmacy.

To make the solution at home, mix a teaspoon of salt and a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda into a pint of boiled water that has been left to cool. To rinse your nose:

• wash and dry your hands
• stand over a sink, cup the palm of one hand and pour a small amount of the solution into it
• sniff the water into one nostril at a time

Repeat these steps until your nose feels more comfortable (you may not need to use all of the solution). You should make a fresh solution each day. Don’t re-use a solution made the day before.

Special devices you can use instead of your hand are also available for pharmacies. If you choose to use one of these, make sure you follow the manufacturer’s instructions about using and cleaning it.

Treatments from your GP

See your GP if your symptoms are severe, don’t start to improve within 7 to 10 days, or are getting worse. They may recommend additional treatment with corticosteroid drops or sprays, or antibiotics.

If these treatments don’t help, you GP may refer you to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist for an assessment and to discuss whether surgery is a suitable option.

Corticosteroid drops or sprays

Corticosteroids, also known as steroids, are a group of medications that can help to reduce inflammation.

If you have persistent symptoms of sinusitis, your GP may prescribe steroid nasal drops or sprays to help reduce the swelling in your sinuses. These may need to be used for several months.

Possible side effects include nasal irritation, a sore throat and nosebleeds.

Antibiotics

If your GP thinks your sinuses may be infected with bacteria, they will prescribe a course of antibiotic tablets or capsules to treat the infection.

You’ll usually need to take these for a week, although sometimes a longer course may be prescribed.

Possible side effects of antibiotics include feeling and being sick, diarrhoea and abdominal (tummy) pain.

Surgery

If your symptoms don’t improve despite trying the treatments mentioned above, a type of surgery called functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) may be recommended. This is a procedure to improve the drainage of mucus from your sinuses.

FESS is usually carried out under general anaesthetic. During the procedure, the surgeon will insert an endoscope into your nose. This is a thin tube with a lens at one end that magnifies the inside of your nose. It will allow the surgeon to see the opening of your sinuses and insert small surgical instruments.

The surgeon will then either:

• remove any tissues, such as nasal polyps (growths), that are blocking the affected sinus
• inflate a tiny balloon in the drainage passages from your sinuses to widen them, before the balloon is deflated and removed (this is known as a balloon catheter dilation)

Potential side effects and risks of these procedures include temporary discomfort and crusting inside the nose, bleeding from the nose and infection. Make sure you discuss the risks with your surgeon beforehand.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) also provides information about balloon catheter dilation for chronic sinusitis.

COVID-19 and Sinus Infection | Cooper University Health Care

Coronavirus and a sinus infection can have similar symptoms, such as nasal congestion, fever, and cough. Our Cooper experts have put together a guide to help you differentiate the two.

If you have flu-like symptoms and think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, please review our instructions and information on our testing sites.

• Sinus infection is a condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed.
• COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new virus that causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing.
• You can protect yourself from COVID-19 by washing your hands frequently, avoid touching your face, and practicing social distance by avoiding close contact with people who do not live in your household.

COVID-19 vs. Sinus Infection

Can Covid-19 Cause a Sinus Infection?

COVID-19 is a disease that can cause what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. It can affect your upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe and lungs). There is no information yet on whether COVID-19 causes sinusitis.

Contact Us

If you have flu-like symptoms and think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, review our instructions and information on our testing sites.

If you believe you have sinusitis, call 856.342.3113 to speak to an expert from our Division of Otolaryngology to discuss your options.

Memo after performing open sinus lift

Sinus lift is a common operation in dental surgery. This operation is performed to increase the height of the upper jaw bone tissue in the projection of the extracted chewing teeth.

Adequate bone height is essential for reliable fixation of the implant for many years. The stability of the implant in the bone is the key to “fusion” (osseointegration) of the implant with your body.

Sinus lifting is performed by filling the “lower floor” of the maxillary sinus with bone substitutes of various origins.

The dental implant operation can be performed 9-12 months after the sinus lift.

What to expect after dental implantation:

• Edema, hematoma of the soft tissues of the face in the projection of the installed implant. Edema, hematoma is a protective reaction of the body, it disappears within 7-14 days.
• Pain. Discomfort in the form of pain can last from 1 to 14 days. The severity of pain depends both on the severity of the surgical intervention and on your psychological mood.
• Taste of blood in the mouth. If there is slight bleeding, bite on a clean handkerchief or gauze cloth for 20 minutes.
• Nasal discharge. Don’t worry, this is possible. This inconvenience will stop within 5-7 days.

For 10-14 days it is prohibited to:

• Take solid and hot food
• Drink liquid through a straw
• Go in for sports (including intimacy), visit the sauna, bath
• Smoking
• Open your mouth wide, disturb the wound surface with your tongue, toothpick, toothbrush or fingers.
• Sleep on the side of the surgical intervention
• Sneeze and blow your nose
• Lean forward
• Inflate balloons
• Fly by plane
• Go scuba diving

Strictly recommended:

For

successful bone material, it is necessary to take an antibacterial drug, an anesthetic drug, rinse the mouth with a special solution and drip vasoconstrictor drops into the nose.

List of drugs required for administration. What kind of drug is right for you, only the doctor knows, do not self-medicate, it is dangerous to health.

If you have any questions, you can always call us at

8 (812) 313-55-45

Recommendations after sinus lift, general restrictions when edema subsides

Content:

1. General restrictions after sinus lift
2. When edema subsides after sinus lifting
3. Why does the head hurt after sinus lifting
4. How does sinus lift heal
5. What to do if a stuffy nose after a sinus lift
6. Sinusitis after sinus lifting: what to do
7. When the implant is placed after sinus lift

Bone augmentation in the upper jaw is necessary for high-quality implant placement.Agumentation is done according to two methods: closed, otherwise transcrestal, or open – lateral. In the first case, the procedure is gentle and less painful, so postoperative rehabilitation is easier and faster. Complications after open sinus lift are most likely, and full recovery will take about six months.

During this period, especially the first weeks, you must strictly follow the advice of your doctor. If you do not adhere to the recommendations, then complications may arise, up to the rejection of the artificial structure.A guaranteed result of high-quality implantation can be obtained only if the patient and the doctor act in tandem.

After the end of the operation, the doctor tells the patient about the rules of the rehabilitation period. They will be similar for both techniques. It is especially important to pay attention to those points that can quickly cause negative consequences.

What not to do:

• blow your nose;
• puff out cheeks;

90,019 sneeze;

• chew on the side of the operation;
• eat solid, coarse, hot food;
• Use a toothpick or stiff toothbrush near the operated area;
• drink through a straw;
• overheat the body;
• go in for sports, hard physical labor;

90,019 fly an airplane;

• scuba diving.

Some points are directly related to the pressure in the maxillary sinuses. For example, why can’t you blow your nose after a sinus lift? Blowing your nose increases pressure in the sinuses and puts stress on the tissues. Since the lower edge of the maxillary sinus was raised and osteoplastic material was inserted under the bottom, the tissues are inflamed, under stress, and therefore can easily be damaged. If it seems that something is leaking from the nose, then it is enough to blot the area around the nostrils with a napkin or gently rinse the nose with saline.

The same can be said for sneezing, especially when the nasal passages are pinched with fingers and the mouth is closed. If it is impossible to restrain yourself, then sneeze with an open mouth to reduce the pressure inside the nose. Sinusitis after sinus lift is one of the most common complications that result from sinus floor perforation. Sneezing, sucking in liquid through a straw, puffing out your cheeks and flying on an airplane must not be allowed for at least two weeks after the procedure. And scuba diving is contraindicated for a month.

In order for the wound to heal faster and the infection does not penetrate from the side of the oral cavity, it is necessary to exclude all traumatic factors. Cigarettes, alcohol after sinus lift are unacceptable. You need to eat soft, liquid food at a comfortable temperature, limit spicy foods. Do not put objects in your mouth that could accidentally touch the wound, such as a toothpick.

Bleeding after a sinus lift can occur if the body is exposed to intense physical activity or overheating.You cannot visit the bathhouse, sauna, sunbathe on the beach. Any hard work should be postponed for two weeks. It is recommended to rest more, to maintain good physical shape, you can walk daily.

Any invasive procedures are accompanied by swelling, redness of soft tissues. This is due to the immune response to the invasion of foreign elements into the body. Fluid accumulates near the wound, which spreads to adjacent tissues. The gums, tongue, cheeks, jaw, and lips can swell.If there is no infection, then the problem disappears by itself after a few days.

If the cheek is swollen after the sinus lift, the swelling can be eliminated faster by applying a cold compress to the swollen area. To do this, you need to take ice or frozen foods, wrap them with cling film (plastic bag) and a towel. The compress is applied to the cheek several times a day for about 20 minutes.

If the swelling does not subside, but, on the contrary, increases, while the pain intensifies, then a complication may have arisen.In this case, you should immediately contact the doctor who performed the procedure.

After the end of the anesthesia, painful sensations arise. The pain appears not only in the operated area, but also spreads to neighboring areas. The entire upper jaw, lower teeth, nose, head, throat may hurt. Sometimes the body temperature rises, that is, there are symptoms characteristic of the inflammatory response of the body.

After a few days, the pain should go away or subside to a bearable stage.At first, analgesics will help to eliminate pain syndrome.

Full rehabilitation takes 4 to 9 months. The time it takes for tissues to be restored depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, the complexity of the operation, and compliance with the doctor’s prescriptions.

The gums take about one to two weeks to heal. Already on the 7-10th day, the sutures are removed if non-absorbable suture material was used. The deeper tissues are gradually restored.

A runny nose often occurs after surgery, especially if the maxillary sinus is injured.A leak from the nose can also be due to swelling that spreads from the wound. In any case, in order to prevent complications, it is recommended to make cold compresses. They are applied to the cheek in the projection of the operated area. In the first couple of days, the procedure should be done as often as possible.

Nasal drops after sinus lifting should have a vasoconstrictor effect. They facilitate nasal breathing by reducing the swelling of the mucous membranes. In this case, you need to follow the instructions, since frequent instillation is addictive and vasomotor rhinitis.If you have a concurrent infection, your doctor may prescribe antibacterial drops.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinus most often occurs due to perforation of its bottom. An infection enters the nose and begins to develop. In the early days, this process is invisible due to the general malaise and the consequences of the operation: edema, pain, increased body temperature. However, if within three or four days the acute symptoms do not go away or at least do not decrease, then this is a serious reason for seeking medical attention.

After confirming the diagnosis on computed tomography, the doctor prescribes treatment. First, the maxillary sinus is opened, purulent exudate, damaged tissues are removed, then they are washed with antiseptics. After the operation, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy.

To eliminate edema of the mucous membranes, vasoconstrictor drops are prescribed. It is also recommended to flush the sinuses with antiseptic solutions. Boiled water with salt can be used as an antiseptic.For one liter of liquid, add 1 tablespoon of table or sea salt. Rinse several times a day.

Artificial root implantation can be carried out together with bone augmentation or after a rehabilitation period. Combination of procedures is possible if the bone tissue is of sufficient thickness, and its height is not lower than 6 – 7 millimeters, that is, with closed sinus lifting.

With an open technique, one-stage implantation is extremely rare.In addition, a complex operation can cause various complications and the likelihood of implant rejection increases.

If the procedures are carried out separately, then the implantation of an artificial root is carried out six months after the bone augmentation. By this time, the soft and bone tissues are completely restored.

Sinüs Hastalıkları – Medipark Clinic | Op.Dr. Mustafa Balcıoğlu

WHAT IS SINUS?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the paranasal sinuses that is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or triggered by allergic processes;

Buccal sinuses (maxillary sinuses),

Forehead sinuses (frontal sinuses),

Sinuses between the eyes (anterior and posterior etiodal sinuses)

Sinuses in the nasal region (sphenoid sinuses and development of children 3,0002 sinuses) 9000 when ventilation is largely completed at the age of 12-14 years.However, it reaches its final form at the age of 22-24.

The sinuses are part of the nasal system that produces normal secretions (mucus). Typically, the nose and sinuses produce about half a liter of mucus per day. They clear the nose of dust, bacteria and other particles in the air by moving along the formed nasal mucosa (mucosa). This mucus is then filtered back down the throat and swallowed. The particles and bacteria in it are destroyed by stomach acid. Many people are unaware of this, but this is a normal body function.

Obstruction of the nasal ducts of the sinuses,

Disorder of the mucociliary system,

Change in the content or consistency of mucus.

When one or more of these factors are present, bacterial growth in the mucus accumulated in the sinuses causes sinusitis.

Sinusitis is usually classified as follows:
Acute sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis

Subacute sinusitis

Recurrent acute sinusitis

Acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis

Symptoms of colorectitis in the morning,

,

Feeling of pressure around the eyes,

Bad breath, foul odor, nausea and / or vomiting,

Colds (flu) lasting more than 10-14 days, sometimes mild fever,

Nasal congestion and snoring,

Sometimes burning throat with nasal discharge,

Behavior changes,

Prolonged headache

Although there are many different causes of sinusitis, the most common causes are as follows;

Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Infections (URTI): This is the most common cause of sinusitis.Edema and inflammation are caused by a viral infection of the nasal mucosa and blockage of the channels, as well as the viscous formation of the resulting mucus, which causes the formation of occlusions within the sinuses and impaired oxygenation. After this stage, sinusitis occurs with secondary bacterial growth. Edema of the mucous membrane, which prevents the development of sinus ostia caused by allergies, is the second major cause of sinusitis.

Curvature of the nose,

Polyps

Anatomical pathologies that narrow or block the canals

Enlarged turbinate size, especially in children

Pressure changes that occur during swimming or traveling on an airplane lead to the closure of the orifices.

Sinusitis is more common than hypertension and rheumatism, but worsens quality of life more than diabetes and heart disease. This has negative consequences not only physically but also psychologically. Sinusitis sets the stage for problems such as nasal congestion, forehead pain, fatigue, snoring, and stomach, intestinal, and lung problems. Therefore, the factors that cause sinusitis need to be treated.

WHY DO WET HAIR CAUSE SINUS?

It is believed that if you do not dry your hair after a shower, it will lead to sinusitis – one of the most common problems in the population.When people with allergies or nasal polyps come out with wet hair, they are at risk of developing sinusitis because the person’s nasal mucosa swells during the exchange from hot to cold temperatures and the openings of the sinuses close easily.

Sinus headache

One of the most common causes of headache in humans is known as sinusitis. Sinusitis is quite severe and can cause pain that affects a person’s quality of life;

Mucous contact surfaces and throbbing pain

Lack of oxygen or negative pressure due to lack of ventilation

Tissue inflammation (polyps).

Naturally, inflammation of the nasal mucosa can be associated with many other diseases. It all depends on the symptoms the patient is complaining about.

With sinusitis, pain in the cheek area spreads from the nose to the upper teeth. Pain is sometimes felt around the cheekbones, nose, and forehead. Pain in chronic sinusitis is less common than common. Pain in a malignant tumor can only be with an advanced form. Sinus cysts are also a cause of pain.When the cysts grow and cover the inside of the sinus, they cause pain. The pain is usually severe and spreads from the cheek to the forehead. There is an increase in tearing of the eyes and nasal congestion.

In an upper respiratory tract infection, the edematous mucous membrane blocks the sinus anastomosis, after which the oxygen inside the sinus is absorbed into the blood vessels of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. This process creates negative pressure in the sinus, which can cause pain (vacuum sinusitis).Under the influence of negative pressure, a transudate enters the sinus from the mucous membrane, which eventually fills the sinus; the transudate serves as a favorable environment for bacteria that enter the sinus through the anastomosis or through spreading cellulitis or thrombophlebitis in the lamina propria. This leads to massive migration of leukocytes, which have an anti-inflammatory response, which is accompanied by an increase in pressure in the blocked sinus and causes significant pain.

ADVANTAGES OF BALLOON SINUSOPLASTY

Balloon sinusoplasty is a non-traumatic method of surgical treatment of chronic and acute sinusitis. The method is based on the expansion of the natural anastomosis of the frontal, maxillary and (or) sphenoid sinuses using a special balloon catheter. Performed under endoscopic supervision, balloon sinusoplasty can be performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. In this case, the whole procedure takes no more than 1.5-2 hours and the patient can return home on the same day.Balloon sinusoplasty technology is clinically effective and safe.

TREATMENT OF SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN

Operation for sinusitis can be prescribed for odontogenic sinusitis, polyposis, purulent sinusitis and with frequent relapses of the disease. Surgical intervention in the paranasal sinuses includes the choice of approach to the sinuses themselves, the operating technique and the concept of surgical treatment. The approaches to the sinuses are extra- and endonasal, as well as combined.The techniques used during the operation include endoscopes, microscopes, lighting devices, etc. The most important goal in this surgery should be to open the mouth of the sinus and cleanse the inside of the sinus. If surgery is the most important treatment option for the child, this should be done immediately.

WAYS TO PROTECT AGAINST SINUSITIS

It is very important to know how to prevent the onset of sinusitis, a disease that can return even if cured.It is recommended that you follow these guidelines to prevent sinusitis;

Influenza infection should be treated under medical supervision.

The nose should always be clean during infection. For this it is helpful to rinse your nose with seawater. At home, a teaspoon of salt and half a teaspoon of baking soda can be mixed with water glass, and the inside of the nose can be washed. This will prevent the flu from getting inflamed. To keep your nose open, you can prepare menthol, eucalyptus steam.

Care should be taken not to go outside with wet hair

Avoid exposure to direct wind

Allergy treatment should not be neglected

Curvature of the nose and swelling should be treated

KNOWN ERRORS IN BLUE!

Some traditional methods, such as herbal settings, which are considered effective in treating sinusitis, can have serious consequences. Decoctions that are considered good for treating sinusitis should not be placed in the nose.Otherwise, if the plant used is passed from the back of the nose to the lower respiratory tract, it can cause swelling of the larynx, causing the patient to die.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

This document, provided by Lexicomp ^® , contains all the information you need to know about the drug, including the indications, route of administration, side effects and when you should contact your healthcare provider.

Trade names: USA

Childrens Silfedrine [OTC] [DSC]; Genaphed [OTC]; Nasal Decongestant [OTC]; Nexafed [OTC]; Shopko Nasal Decongestant Max [OTC] [DSC]; Shopko Nasal Decongestant [OTC] [DSC]; Simply Stuffy [OTC]; Sudafed 12 Hour [OTC] [DSC]; Sudafed Childrens [OTC]; Sudafed Congestion [OTC] [DSC]; Sudafed Sinus Congestion 12HR [OTC]; Sudafed Sinus Congestion 24HR [OTC]; Sudafed Sinus Congestion [OTC]; Sudafed [OTC]; SudoGest 12 Hour [OTC]; SudoGest Maximum Strength [OTC]; SudoGest [OTC]; Suphedrine 12Hour [OTC]; Zephrex-D [OTC]

What is this drug used for?

• The drug is used to treat nasal valve blockages.

What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE taking this drug?

• If you are allergic to pseudoephedrine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine.
• If you are allergic to this drug, any of its ingredients, other drugs, foods or substances. Tell your doctor about your allergy and how it manifested itself.
• If you have taken a drug for depression or Parkinson’s disease in the past 14 days.These include isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline, or rasagiline. An episode of very high blood pressure may occur.
• If you are taking any of the following drugs: linezolid or methylene blue.

This list of drugs and diseases that may be adversely associated with this drug is not exhaustive.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all medicines you take (both prescription and over-the-counter, natural products and vitamins) and your health problems.You need to make sure that this drug is safe for your medical conditions and in combination with other drugs you are already taking. Do not start or stop taking any medication or change the dosage without your doctor’s approval.

What do I need to know or do while I am taking this drug?

• Tell all healthcare providers that you are taking this drug.These are doctors, nurses, pharmacists and dentists.
• Do not take the drug in higher doses than the doctor prescribed. Taking more than the prescribed amount of the drug increases the risk of serious side effects.
• Do not take this drug for longer than your doctor prescribed.
• Limit caffeine (such as tea, coffee and cola) and chocolate. When taken with this drug, it can cause nervousness, tremors and tachycardia.
• Various forms of release of this drug can be designed for use in children of different ages. Talk to your doctor before giving this drug to a child.
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. The benefits and risks for you and your child will need to be discussed.

What side effects should I report to my doctor immediately?

WARNING. In rare cases, some people with this drug can cause serious and sometimes deadly side effects.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms, which may be associated with serious side effects:

All forms of issue:

• Signs of an allergic reaction such as rash, hives, itching, reddened and swollen skin with blisters or scaling, possibly associated with fever, wheezing or wheezing, tightness in the chest or throat, difficulty breathing, swallowing or speaking, unusual hoarseness, swelling in the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Signs of high blood pressure, such as very bad headache, or dizziness, or loss of consciousness, or blurred vision.
• Chest pain or pressure or heart palpitations.
• Feeling of an abnormal heartbeat.
• Shortness of breath.
• Shiver.

All sustained release formulations of active ingredient:

• Severe abdominal pain.
• Severe nausea or vomiting.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

Any medicine can have side effects. However, many people have little or no side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if these or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

All forms of issue:

• Dizziness.
• Nervous tension and agitation.
• Sleep disorders.

Slow-release tablets (over 24 hours):

• Something like a pill can be seen in the stool. This is normal and not a cause for concern. If you have any questions, please consult your doctor.

This list of potential side effects is not exhaustive. If you have any questions about side effects, please contact your doctor. Talk to your doctor about side effects.

You can report side effects to the National Health Office.

You can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You can also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

What is the best way to take this drug?

Use this drug as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Read all the information provided to you. Follow all instructions strictly.

All forms of issue:

• Take with or without food. Take with food if the medicine causes nausea.

Tablets and capsules:

• Swallow whole. Do not chew, break, or crush.

All liquid preparations:

• Doses of liquid preparation should be measured with caution. Use the dispenser that comes with the medicine. If a dispenser is not included in the package, ask your pharmacist for a dosing product for this drug.

What should I do if a dose of a drug is missed?

• If you are taking this medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you can.
• If it’s time to take your next dose, do not take the missed dose and then return to your normal drug schedule.
• Do not take 2 doses at the same time or an additional dose.
• In most cases, this drug is used as needed.Do not take this medicine more often than prescribed by your doctor.

How do I store and / or discard this drug?

• Store at room temperature.
• Protect from light.
• Store in a dry place. Do not store in the bathroom.
• Store all medicines in a safe place. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children and pets.
• Dispose of unused or expired drugs.Do not empty into toilet or drain unless directed to do so. If you have any questions about the disposal of your medicinal products, consult your pharmacist. Your area may have drug recycling programs.

General information about medicines

• If your health does not improve or even worsens, see your doctor.
• You should not give your medicine to anyone and take other people’s medicines.
• Some medicines may come with other patient information sheets. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional.
• Some medicines may come with other patient information sheets. Check with your pharmacist. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional.
• If you think an overdose has occurred, call a Poison Control Center immediately or seek medical attention. Be prepared to tell or show which drug you took, how much and when it happened.

Use of information by consumer and limitation of liability

This information should not be used to make decisions about taking this or any other drug. Only the attending physician has the necessary knowledge and experience to make decisions about which drugs are appropriate for a particular patient.This information does not guarantee that the drug is safe, effective, or approved for the treatment of any disease or specific patient. Here are only brief general information about this drug. It does NOT contain all available information on the possible use of the drug with instructions for use, warnings, precautions, information about interactions, side effects and risks that may be associated with this drug. This information should not be construed as a treatment guide and does not replace information provided to you by your healthcare professional.Check with your doctor for complete information on the possible risks and benefits of taking this drug. Use of this information is governed by the Lexicomp End User License Agreement available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lexicomp/about/eula.

Copyright

© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and / or licensors, 2021. All rights reserved.

90,000 learning to complain about health in English

Our article today will be useful to everyone, but especially to those who often travel abroad – after all, the body of travelers is exposed to considerable stress and, unfortunately, can malfunction…

Knowing basic medical terminology, if necessary, you will be able to describe your condition or understand someone who needs help himself. We will also study several terms from the field of pharmacy and typical dialogues related to the provision of medical care.

Pain, disease – terminology and idioms

Several common idioms associated with pain (figuratively):

pain (in the neck) – something annoying or unpleasant, unbearable person

She is being a real pain (in the neck)! – She’s unbearable!

to take great pains – try your best, “lie down with your bones”

He had taken great pains to make the event unforgettable.- He did everything possible to make the event unforgettable.

no pain, no gain – last “A rolling stone gathers no moss”; “You can’t pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.”

heartache [ˈhɑːteɪk] – “heartache”, longing for a departed love

Diseases, ailments

Symptoms and natural manifestations of the body

Medicines

Pharmacy

Hospital

Well, we hope that the learned English words will never be useful to you, except for watching the next medical epic in the original. Be healthy!

Read on:

Names of parts of the human body in English

“Tell me about yourself”: a description of a person’s appearance in English

NAZONEKS instructions for use, price in pharmacies in Ukraine, analogues, composition, indications | NASONEX nasal spray dosed by Organon Central East Gmbh

Pharmacodynamics. Mometasone furoate is a synthetic topical corticosteroid with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The local anti-inflammatory effect of mometasone furoate is manifested in doses at which there are no systemic effects.

Basically, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antiallergic action of mometasone furoate is associated with its ability to inhibit the release of mediators of allergic reactions. Mometasone furoate significantly reduces the synthesis / release of leukotrienes from leukocytes of patients with allergic diseases.Mometasone furoate has been shown to be 10 times more active in cell culture than other steroids, including beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone, in inhibiting the synthesis / release of IL-1, IL-5, IL-6 and TNF-α. It is also a potent inhibitor of the production of Th ₂ β-cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5 from human CD4 ⁺ T cells. Mometasone furoate is also 6 times more active than beclomethasone dipropionate and betamethasone in inhibiting IL-5 production.

In studies with provocative tests with the application of antigens to the nasal mucosa, a high anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous nasal spray Nasonex and Nasonex was established both in the early and in the late stages of an allergic reaction. This was confirmed by a decrease (compared with placebo) in the level of histamine and eosinophil activity, as well as a decrease (compared to baseline) in the number of eosinophils, neutrophils and epithelial cell adhesion proteins.

A pronounced clinical effect was achieved in 28% of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in the first 12 hours of application of the aqueous nasal spray Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus.On average (50%) improvement occurred within 35.9 hours. In addition, Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus showed significant effectiveness in reducing the severity of eye symptoms (redness, lacrimation, itching) in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

In clinical studies in patients with nasal polyps, Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in relieving nasal congestion, reducing the size of polyps, and restoring the sense of smell compared to placebo.

In clinical studies involving patients aged> 12 years, Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus, 200 μg 2 times a day, demonstrated high efficacy in reducing the severity of rhinosinusitis symptoms compared with placebo. During 15 days of treatment, rhinosinusitis symptoms were assessed on the Major Symptom Score (MSS) (facial pain, sinus pressure, pressure pain, sinus pain, rhinorrhea, mucus draining down the back of the throat, and nasal congestion. ).The efficacy of amoxicillin 500 mg 3 times a day did not differ significantly from placebo in terms of reducing the severity of rhinosinusitis symptoms on the MSS scale. During the follow-up period after completion of treatment, the number of relapses in the Nazonex group was low and comparable to the amoxicillin and placebo group. Duration of treatment for acute rhinosinusitis> 15 days has not been evaluated.

Pharmacokinetics. The bioavailability of mometasone furoate when used in the form of a nasal spray is <1% in blood plasma (according to data obtained using a sensitive method of the lower limit of quantitation, it is 0.25 pg / ml).A suspension of mometasone furoate is very poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and the small amount that can be swallowed and absorbed undergoes active primary metabolism even before excretion, mainly in the form of metabolites in the bile and to some extent in the urine.

• Treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children from 2 years of age. It is recommended to start prophylactic treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis 4 weeks before the expected start of the dusting season;
• as an auxiliary therapeutic agent in the antibiotic treatment of acute episodes of sinusitis in adults (including the elderly) and in children over 12 years of age;
• Treatment of symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis without signs of severe bacterial infection in adults and children aged 12 years and older;
• Treatment of nasal polyps and related symptoms, including nasal congestion and loss of smell, in patients aged 18 years and older.

before using a new vial of the drug, it should be calibrated. Calibration is carried out by approximately 10 pushes of the dosing device, while a stereotyped delivery of the drug is established, in which with each press, about 100 mg of a suspension containing 50 μg of mometasone (one dose) is emitted. If the nasal spray has not been used for 14 days or longer, a second “spray” is required before the next application with 2 presses until a full delivery is achieved.Do not pierce the tip before using.

Shake the bottle vigorously before each use.

If the nozzle is clogged, it is necessary to remove the plastic cap by gently pressing on the white ring, easily remove the nozzle and rinse it with warm running water, dry it and reinstall it. Do not attempt to clean the nozzle with a needle or other sharp object as doing so will damage the dispenser.

Regular cleaning of the nozzle is very important.

Before each use, thoroughly cleanse the nose of mucus.

Treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis: adults (including the elderly) and children over 12 years of age, the recommended prophylactic and therapeutic dose of the drug is 2 injections (50 μg each) into each nasal passage once a day (total daily dose – 200 mcg). After achieving a therapeutic effect for maintenance therapy, it is advisable to reduce the dose to 1 injection into each nasal passage once a day (total daily dose – 100 mcg).

If a decrease in the severity of the symptoms of the disease cannot be achieved by using the drug in the recommended therapeutic dose, the daily dose can be increased to the maximum: 4 injections in each nasal passage once a day (total daily dose – 400 mcg). After a decrease in the severity of symptoms of the disease, a dose reduction is recommended.

The drug showed a clinically significant onset of action within 12 hours after the first use in some patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.However, the full benefit of the treatment cannot be obtained in the first 48 hours, therefore the patient must continue to use it regularly to achieve the full therapeutic effect.

For children aged 2–11 years, the recommended therapeutic dose is 1 injection (50 mcg) into each nasal passage once a day (total daily dose – 100 mcg).

Adjunctive treatment of acute episodes of sinusitis. For adults (including the elderly) and children over 12 years of age, the recommended therapeutic dose is 2 injections (50 mcg each) into each nasal passage 2 times a day (total daily dose – 400 mcg).

If a decrease in the severity of the symptoms of the disease cannot be achieved by using the drug in the recommended therapeutic dose, the daily dose can be increased to 4 injections in each nasal passage 2 times a day (total daily dose – 800 mcg). After a decrease in the severity of symptoms of the disease, a dose reduction is recommended.

Acute rhinosinusitis. For adults and children over 12 years of age, the recommended therapeutic dose is 2 injections (50 mcg) into each nasal passage 2 times a day (total daily dose – 400 mcg).

Nasal polyps. For patients over the age of 18 (including the elderly), the recommended dose is 2 injections (50 mcg) in each nasal passage 2 times a day (total daily dose – 400 mcg). After achieving the clinical effect, it is recommended to reduce the dose to 2 injections into each nasal passage once a day (total daily dose – 200 mcg).

hypersensitivity to the active substance or any inactive component of the drug.

Adverse reactions associated with treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus, which were observed in clinical studies in patients with allergic rhinitis, are shown in table. 1.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions Associated with Treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Nosebleeds stopped spontaneously and were moderate, occurred somewhat more often than with placebo (5%), but less often than with other intranasal corticosteroids, which were studied and used as active control (in some of them, the incidence of nosebleeds was up to 15%).The incidence of other adverse events was comparable to that with placebo.

In children, the incidence of adverse events was comparable to that with placebo, for example, nosebleeds (6%), headache (3%), nasal irritation (2%) and sneezing (2%).

In patients with nasal polyps, the total number of adverse events was weighed against placebo and similar to that observed in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Adverse reactions associated with treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in patients with nasal polyps are shown in Table. 2.

Table 2. Adverse Reactions Associated with Treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in Patients with Polyps

After intranasal use of mometasone furoate, hypersensitivity reactions, including bronchospasm and dyspnea, can sometimes occur.Very rarely, anaphylactic reaction, angioedema, or impairment of smell and taste have been reported.

In patients with acute rhinosinusitis, the total number of adverse events was compared with that of placebo and similar to the number observed in patients with other indications.

Treatment-related adverse reactions that have been observed in clinical trials in more than 2% of patients are summarized in table. 3.

Table 3. Adverse reactions associated with treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in patients with acute rhinosinusitis

The most common adverse reaction, epistaxis, occurred with approximately the same frequency in the placebo group (2.6%) and the Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus group (2.9 and 3.7%, respectively).

Systemic effects of nasal corticosteroids may occur, especially when used in high doses over a long period.

Cases of glaucoma / increased intraocular pressure have been reported with the use of intranasal corticosteroids.

With post-marketing use, the following adverse reaction has been reported: blurred vision.

Since corticosteroids have an effect of inhibiting wound healing, patients who have recently had nasal surgery or who have had trauma should not be given a nasal corticosteroid until healing has taken place.Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus should not be used in the presence of an untreated local infection involving the nasal mucosa.

Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus should be used with caution or not at all in patients with active or latent tuberculosis infection of the respiratory tract, as well as in untreated fungal, bacterial, systemic viral infection or infection with Herpes simplex with eye damage.

As with any long-term treatment, patients who have been using the drug for several months or longer should be periodically examined to identify possible changes in the nasal mucosa.In clinical studies, after 12 months of treatment with Nasonex or Nasonex Sinus, there were no signs of atrophy of the nasal mucosa; in addition, mometasone furoate contributed to the normalization of the histological picture of the nasal mucosa.

In case of development of a local fungal infection of the nose or pharynx, it may be necessary to discontinue therapy with the drug or conduct appropriate treatment. Irritation of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, which persists for a long time, may also be an indication to discontinue treatment with Nasonex or Nasonex Sinus.

With the use of systemic and local corticosteroids (including intranasal, inhalation and intraocular administration), visual impairment may occur. If symptoms such as blurred vision or other visual impairments occur, the patient should be examined by an ophthalmologist to assess possible causes of visual impairment, which may include cataracts, glaucoma, or rare conditions such as central serous chorioretinopathy reported after corticosteroid use systemic and local action.

There is no evidence of suppression of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system during long-term treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus.

However, there is a possibility that long-term use of nasal corticosteroids (including Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus) may affect the function of the adrenal cortex and cause hypercortisolism in corticosteroid-sensitive patients and in certain cases.

Patients who switch to treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus after prolonged therapy with systemic corticosteroids should be closely monitored, since they may develop adrenal insufficiency.

The safety and efficacy of Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in the treatment of unilateral polyps, polyps associated with cystic fibrosis, or polyps that completely block the nasal cavity have not been studied.

When switching from treatment with systemic corticosteroids to treatment with Nasonex in some patients, along with a decrease in the severity of nasal symptoms, symptoms of corticosteroid withdrawal may occur. Such patients need to be specially convinced of the advisability of continuing treatment with Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus spray.A change in therapy can also reveal allergic diseases that developed earlier and were masked by therapy with systemic corticosteroids.

Patients using corticosteroids can potentially have a reduced immune reactivity and should be warned about the increased risk of infection in case of contact with patients with certain infectious diseases (for example, chickenpox, measles), as well as the need to consult a doctor in such contact.

Increased intraocular pressure has been reported very rarely after the use of intranasal corticosteroids.

The use of high doses or prolonged use of corticosteroids can cause systemic effects, such as growth retardation in children. The long-term effects of intranasal / inhaled steroids in children are not fully understood. As a rule, the doctor should carefully monitor the growth of a child who receives GCS treatment for a long period. In a study among 49 children who received Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus for 1 year at a dose of 100 μg / day, no growth retardation was observed.

Patients should be warned to seek immediate medical attention if signs or symptoms of severe bacterial infection develop, such as fever, severe unilateral facial or toothache, orbital or periorbital swelling / edema, or worsening after initial improvement.

Children. When conducting placebo-controlled clinical studies in children in whom Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus were used in a daily dose of 100 mcg for a year, no growth retardation was observed.

The safety and efficacy of Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus in the treatment of nasal polyps in children and adolescents under the age of 18, symptoms of rhinosinusitis in children under 12 years of age, seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis in children under 2 years of age have not been investigated.

Application during pregnancy and lactation. Systemic (for SC administration) corticosteroids have been shown to cause teratogenic effects in animals. Clinical studies have not been conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Corticosteroid preparations should not be used in pregnant women or during breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving a vehicle or working with mechanisms .Unknown.

, combination therapy with CYP 3A inhibitors, including drugs containing cobicistat, is expected to increase the risk of systemic side effects. Combined use should be avoided unless the benefit outweighs the increased risk of systemic side effects of corticosteroids, in which case patients should be monitored for systemic side effects of corticosteroids.

In a clinical study, Nasonex and Nasonex Sinus were used simultaneously with a non-sedating oral antihistamine (loratadine).Pharmacokinetic parameters and safety profile remained unchanged for both drugs.

It is unlikely that overdose will require measures other than surveillance.

Inhalation or oral administration of high doses of corticosteroids can lead to inhibition of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.

at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C, out of the reach of children. Do not freeze.

Added date: 10/14/2021

Mapap Sinus Maximum – instructions for use, dosage, composition, analogs, side effects / Pillintrip

Paracetamol

Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10 g or more of paracetamol. Taking 5 g or more of paracetamol can lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).

Risk factors

If the patient:

a) Is on long-term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St. John’s wort or other drugs that cause liver enzymes.

or

b) Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of the recommended amounts.

or

c) May be depleted with glutathione, for example. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, hunger, cachexia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become evident 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Disorders of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur.In severe poisoning, liver failure can progress to encephalopathy, hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, cerebral edema, and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly associated with low back pain, hematuria, and proteinuria, can develop even in the absence of serious liver damage.

Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.

Management

Immediate treatment is essential in the treatment of paracetamol overdose.Despite the absence of significant early symptoms, patients should be urgently referred to the hospital for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of the overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF Overdose Section.

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if an overdose was made within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured 4 hours or later after oral administration (earlier concentrations are unreliable).Treatment with N-acetylcysteine ​​can be used up to 24 hours after taking paracetamol, but the maximum protective effect is achieved up to 8 hours after overheating. The effectiveness of the antidote decreases sharply after this time. If necessary, the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine ​​according to the prescribed dosage schedule.

If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas outside the hospital. Treatment of patients with severe hepatic dysfunction after oral administration should be discussed with NPIS or hepatic unit.

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride

Symptoms:

As with other sympathomimetics, an overdose of pseudoephedrine will lead to symptoms related to the central nervous system and cardiovascular stimulation, for example. agitation, irritability, anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, hypertension, palpitations, arrhythmias, and difficulty urinating.