What is hemoglobin and why is it crucial for our health. How is a hemoglobin test performed and what can it reveal about our overall well-being. What are the normal hemoglobin ranges for adults and children, and what do abnormal results indicate.

The Vital Role of Hemoglobin in Human Health

Hemoglobin is a crucial protein found in red blood cells that plays a pivotal role in transporting oxygen throughout the body. This essential component of our circulatory system ensures that all tissues and organs receive the oxygen they need to function properly. But how exactly does hemoglobin work?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen molecules in the lungs and carries them through the bloodstream to various parts of the body. Once it reaches its destination, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen, allowing cells to use it for energy production and other vital processes. This continuous cycle of oxygen transport is fundamental to our survival and overall health.

Why is Hemoglobin Testing Important?

Hemoglobin testing is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides insights into a person’s overall health status. Healthcare providers often order this test as part of a complete blood count (CBC) for various reasons:

• To assess general health and detect underlying medical conditions
• To diagnose and monitor anemia or other blood disorders
• To evaluate oxygen-carrying capacity in chronic diseases
• To screen for nutritional deficiencies
• To monitor the effects of certain medications or treatments

Regular hemoglobin testing can help identify potential health issues early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

The Hemoglobin Test Procedure: What to Expect

A hemoglobin test is a simple and relatively painless procedure that involves drawing a small blood sample. Here’s what you can expect during the test:

1. A healthcare professional will clean the area, usually the inside of your elbow or back of your hand, with an antiseptic.
2. They will wrap an elastic band around your upper arm to make the veins more visible and easier to access.
3. Using a sterile needle, they will draw a small amount of blood into a vial or tube.
4. The elastic band will be removed, and pressure will be applied to the puncture site with a cotton ball or bandage.
5. The entire process typically takes less than five minutes.

Most people experience only mild discomfort during the blood draw, such as a brief sting when the needle is inserted. Some individuals may feel lightheaded or develop a small bruise at the site, but these effects are usually temporary and resolve quickly.

Preparing for Your Hemoglobin Test

One of the advantages of a hemoglobin test is that it requires minimal preparation. In most cases, you won’t need to fast or make any special arrangements before the test. However, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider for specific instructions, as they may have additional recommendations based on your individual health circumstances or if other tests are being performed simultaneously.

Interpreting Hemoglobin Test Results: Normal Ranges and Variations

Understanding your hemoglobin test results is crucial for assessing your health status. Normal hemoglobin levels can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and overall health condition. Here are the general ranges for adults and children:

Adult Hemoglobin Ranges

• Adult males: 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 138 to 172 grams per liter (g/L)
• Adult females: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL or 121 to 151 g/L

Pediatric Hemoglobin Ranges

• Newborns: 14 to 24 g/dL or 140 to 240 g/L
• Infants: 9.5 to 13 g/dL or 95 to 130 g/L

It’s important to note that these ranges are general guidelines, and individual laboratories may have slightly different reference ranges. Always consult with your healthcare provider to interpret your specific test results accurately.

Decoding Low Hemoglobin Levels: Causes and Implications

Low hemoglobin levels, also known as anemia, can have various causes and implications for your health. Some common reasons for low hemoglobin include:

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
• Chronic diseases such as kidney disease or rheumatoid arthritis
• Blood loss due to injury, surgery, or heavy menstrual periods
• Hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced
• Bone marrow disorders affecting red blood cell production
• Certain medications or cancer treatments

Low hemoglobin levels can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. If you’re experiencing these symptoms, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Addressing Low Hemoglobin: Treatment Options

The treatment for low hemoglobin depends on the underlying cause. Some common approaches include:

• Iron supplements or dietary changes to increase iron intake
• Vitamin B12 or folate supplementation
• Treating underlying chronic conditions
• Blood transfusions in severe cases
• Medications to stimulate red blood cell production
• Addressing any sources of blood loss

Your healthcare provider will develop a tailored treatment plan based on the specific cause of your low hemoglobin levels and your overall health status.

High Hemoglobin Levels: Causes and Health Implications

While low hemoglobin levels are more commonly discussed, high hemoglobin levels can also indicate underlying health issues. Elevated hemoglobin levels are often associated with conditions that cause the body to produce more red blood cells than necessary or situations where the blood becomes more concentrated. Some common causes of high hemoglobin include:

• Chronic hypoxia (low oxygen levels) due to lung diseases or heart conditions
• Polycythemia vera, a rare bone marrow disorder
• Dehydration, which concentrates the blood
• Living at high altitudes
• Smoking
• Certain kidney or liver diseases
• Use of performance-enhancing drugs like erythropoietin

High hemoglobin levels can increase the risk of blood clots and may strain the heart and blood vessels. If you have consistently high hemoglobin levels, your healthcare provider will work to identify the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Managing High Hemoglobin Levels

Treatment for high hemoglobin levels typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause. Some approaches may include:

• Treating lung or heart conditions to improve oxygenation
• Phlebotomy (removal of blood) to reduce blood volume in polycythemia vera
• Increasing fluid intake to address dehydration
• Smoking cessation
• Adjusting medications that may be contributing to high hemoglobin levels

In some cases, such as living at high altitudes, elevated hemoglobin may be a normal adaptation and may not require treatment. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Hemoglobin Testing in Special Populations: Pregnancy and Chronic Conditions

Hemoglobin testing plays a crucial role in monitoring health during pregnancy and in individuals with chronic medical conditions. Understanding the specific considerations for these populations can help ensure optimal care and management.

Hemoglobin Testing During Pregnancy

Pregnant women often undergo hemoglobin testing as part of their prenatal care. During pregnancy, a woman’s blood volume increases significantly, which can lead to a natural dilution of hemoglobin levels. However, it’s essential to monitor these levels to ensure they don’t drop too low, as anemia during pregnancy can lead to complications for both the mother and the developing fetus.

Normal hemoglobin ranges for pregnant women may be slightly lower than non-pregnant women due to this blood volume expansion. Healthcare providers typically assess hemoglobin levels at the first prenatal visit and again in the second or third trimester. If levels are low, iron supplementation or other interventions may be recommended to support the increased demand for iron during pregnancy.

Hemoglobin Monitoring in Chronic Conditions

For individuals with chronic medical conditions, regular hemoglobin testing can provide valuable insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy. Some conditions that often require ongoing hemoglobin monitoring include:

• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic heart failure
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Hematologic disorders
• Certain types of cancer

In these cases, hemoglobin levels can help guide treatment decisions, assess the need for interventions like blood transfusions, and monitor the effectiveness of medications or other therapies. The frequency of testing and target hemoglobin ranges may vary depending on the specific condition and individual patient factors.

The Future of Hemoglobin Testing: Advances and Emerging Technologies

As medical science continues to advance, new technologies and approaches to hemoglobin testing are emerging. These innovations aim to make testing more accessible, efficient, and informative. Some exciting developments in the field include:

Point-of-Care Testing

Point-of-care hemoglobin testing devices allow for rapid, on-site measurement of hemoglobin levels. These portable devices can provide results within minutes, enabling quick decision-making in clinical settings. They are particularly useful in emergency situations, rural healthcare settings, and for monitoring patients with chronic conditions.

Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Measurement

Researchers are developing non-invasive methods for measuring hemoglobin levels without the need for blood draws. These technologies often use spectroscopy or other optical techniques to estimate hemoglobin concentrations through the skin. While still in development, these methods could revolutionize hemoglobin testing by making it painless and more accessible.

Genetic Testing for Hemoglobin Disorders

Advances in genetic testing are improving our ability to diagnose and manage inherited hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. These tests can provide detailed information about specific genetic mutations, helping to guide treatment decisions and genetic counseling.

Integration with Wearable Devices

As wearable health technology continues to evolve, there is potential for continuous or frequent hemoglobin monitoring through smartwatches or other wearable devices. While not yet widely available, this technology could provide valuable real-time data for individuals with chronic conditions or those at risk for anemia.

These advancements in hemoglobin testing hold promise for improving patient care, enabling earlier detection of health issues, and supporting more personalized treatment approaches. As these technologies continue to develop and become more widely available, they may significantly impact how we monitor and manage hemoglobin levels in various healthcare settings.

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Hemoglobin Levels: Diet, Exercise, and More

While many factors influencing hemoglobin levels are beyond our control, certain lifestyle choices can impact our hemoglobin production and maintenance. Understanding these factors can help individuals take proactive steps to support healthy hemoglobin levels.

Dietary Considerations

Nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy hemoglobin levels. Key nutrients that support hemoglobin production include:

• Iron: Found in red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and fortified cereals
• Vitamin B12: Present in animal products, fortified foods, and supplements
• Folate: Abundant in leafy green vegetables, legumes, and fortified grains
• Vitamin C: Enhances iron absorption and is found in citrus fruits, berries, and bell peppers

Ensuring a balanced diet rich in these nutrients can help support optimal hemoglobin levels. For individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets, paying special attention to iron and B12 intake is essential.

Exercise and Hemoglobin

Regular physical activity can positively influence hemoglobin levels and overall cardiovascular health. Exercise stimulates the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that promotes red blood cell formation. However, it’s important to note that excessive endurance training can sometimes lead to a condition called “sports anemia,” where hemoglobin levels may temporarily decrease due to increased plasma volume.

Hydration and Hemoglobin Concentration

Proper hydration is crucial for maintaining appropriate hemoglobin concentration in the blood. Dehydration can lead to falsely elevated hemoglobin levels as the blood becomes more concentrated. Conversely, overhydration can dilute the blood, potentially leading to lower hemoglobin readings. Maintaining consistent, adequate hydration is important for accurate hemoglobin testing and overall health.

Smoking and Alcohol Consumption

Smoking can increase hemoglobin levels as the body tries to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity caused by carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke. However, this elevation is not beneficial and can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Quitting smoking can help normalize hemoglobin levels and improve overall health.

Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the body’s ability to produce red blood cells and may lead to anemia. Moderating alcohol intake can help support healthy hemoglobin levels and overall well-being.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can impact various aspects of health, including hemoglobin levels. Stress can lead to inflammation and may affect the body’s ability to absorb and utilize nutrients effectively. Implementing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can support overall health and potentially influence hemoglobin production positively.

By considering these lifestyle factors and making informed choices, individuals can play an active role in supporting their hemoglobin levels and overall health. However, it’s important to remember that significant changes in hemoglobin levels should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out underlying medical conditions.

Hemoglobin

Medical Tests 

Definition

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The hemoglobin test measures how much hemoglobin is in your blood.

Alternative Names

Hgb; Hb; Anemia – Hb; Polycythemia – Hb

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

The hemoglobin test is a common test and is almost always done as part of a complete blood count (CBC). Reasons or conditions for ordering the hemoglobin test include:

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• Symptoms such as fatigue, poor health, or unexplained weight loss
• Signs of bleeding
• Before and after major surgery
• During pregnancy
• Chronic kidney disease or many other chronic medical problems
• Monitoring of anemia and its cause
• Monitoring during treatment for cancer
• Monitoring medicines that may cause anemia or low blood counts

Normal Results

Normal results for adults vary, but in general are:

• Male: 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 138 to 172 grams per liter (g/L)
• Female: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL or 121 to 151 g/L

Normal results for children vary, but in general are:

• Newborn: 14 to 24 g/dL or 140 to 240 g/L
• Infant: 9.5 to 13 g/dL or 95 to 130 g/L

The ranges above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

LOWER THAN NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN

Low hemoglobin level may be due to:

• Anemia caused by red blood cells dying earlier than normal (hemolytic anemia)
• Anemia (various types)
• Bleeding from digestive tract or bladder, heavy menstrual periods
• Chronic kidney disease
• Bone marrow being unable to produce new red blood cells. This may be due to leukemia, other cancers, drug toxicity, radiation therapy, infection, or bone marrow disorders
• Poor nutrition (including low level of iron, folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6)
• Low level of iron, folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6
• Other chronic illness, such as rheumatoid arthritis

adam.com”>HIGHER THAN NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN

High hemoglobin level is most often caused by low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia), present over a long period of time. Common reasons include:

• Certain birth defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital heart disease)
• Failure of the right side of the heart (cor pulmonale)
• Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Scarring or thickening of the lungs (pulmonary fibrosis) and other severe lung disorders

Other reasons for high hemoglobin level includes:

• A rare bone marrow disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells (polycythemia vera)
• The body having too little water and fluids (dehydration)

Risks

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken.Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• Excessive bleeding
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

References

Bunn HF. Approach to the anemias In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 158.

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Hemoglobin (HB, Hgb). In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2013:621-623.

Review Date: 02/18/2018

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have.

Hemoglobin Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

What is a Hemoglobin Test?

A hemoglobin test measures the levels of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. If your hemoglobin levels are abnormal, it may be a sign that you have a blood disorder.

Other names: Hb, Hgb

What is it used for?

A hemoglobin test is often used to check for anemia, a condition in which your body has fewer red blood cells than normal. If you have anemia, the cells in your body don’t get all the oxygen they need. Hemoglobin tests are measured as part of a complete blood count (CBC).

Why do I need a hemoglobin test?

Your health care provider may order the test as part of a routine exam, or if you have:

• Symptoms of anemia, which include weakness, dizziness, and cold hands and feet
• A family history of thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, or other inherited blood disorder
• A diet low in iron and other minerals
• A long-term infection
• Excessive blood loss from an injury or surgical procedure

What happens during a hemoglobin test?

A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.

Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?

You don’t need any special preparation for a hemoglobin test. If your health care provider has ordered other tests on your blood sample, you may need to fast (not eat or drink) for several hours before the test. Your health care provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.

Are there any risks to the test?

There is very little risk to having a blood test. After the test, some people experience mild pain, dizziness, or bruising. These symptoms usually go away quickly.

What do the results mean?

There are many reasons your hemoglobin levels may not be in the normal range.

Low hemoglobin levels may be a sign of:

• Different types of anemia
• Thalassemia
• Iron deficiency
• Liver disease
• Cancer and other diseases

High hemoglobin levels may be a sign of:

• Lung disease
• Heart disease
• Polycythemia vera, a disorder in which your body makes too many red blood cells. It can cause headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

If any of your levels are abnormal, it doesn’t always mean you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Diet, activity level, medicines, a menstrual period, and other factors can affect the results. You may also have higher than normal hemoglobin levels if you live in a high altitude area. Talk with your provider to learn what your results mean.

Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.

Is there anything else I need to know about a hemoglobin test?

Some forms of anemia are mild, while other types of anemia can be serious and even life threatening if not treated. If you are diagnosed with anemia, be sure to talk to your health care provider to find out the best treatment plan for you.

References

1. Aruch D, Mascarenhas J. Contemporary approach to essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Current Opinion in Hematology [Internet]. 2016 Mar [cited 2017 Feb 1]; 23(2):150–60. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26717193
2. Hsia C. Respiratory Function of Hemoglobin. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 1998 Jan 22 [cited 2017 Feb 1]; 338:239–48. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199801223380407
3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Anemia; [cited 2022 Jan 4]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/anemia/
4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [cited 2022 Jan 4]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Polycythemia Vera; [cited 2022 Jan 4]; [about 14 screens]. Available from: https://www. nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/polycythemia-vera
6. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Anemia; [cited 2022 Jan 4]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/anemia
7. Scherber RM, Mesa R. Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit Level. JAMA [Internet]. 2016 May [cited 2017 Feb 1]; 315(20):2225-26. Available from: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2524164
8. Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA): OneCare Media; c2022. Hemoglobin; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2022 Jan 4]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: https://www.testing.com/tests/hemoglobin/
9. University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2022. Health Encyclopedia: Hemoglobin; [cited 2022 Jan 4] [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=hemoglobin

What foods should be eaten to quickly increase low hemoglobin in the blood

Hemoglobin is a complex iron-containing protein inside red blood cells. Hemoglobin is made up of heme (non-protein part) and globin (protein part). It is involved in the transport of oxygen to all structures of the body, transports iron, is involved in maintaining acid-base balance, removes carbon dioxide.

The level of hemoglobin is determined on the basis of a general blood test. Its norm is different for certain groups of people and depends on gender, age, physiological state.

With a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, anemia develops. The body experiences oxygen starvation. The normal activity of the heart, internal organs, and the brain is disrupted.

The source of protein deficiency are serious pathologies that require treatment.

What happens when hemoglobin is low

Reduced hemoglobin in the blood causes anemia and contributes to hypoxia of the organs and tissues of the body. If the need for hemoglobin increases, then there are violations of the normal functioning of all body systems.

A pronounced deficiency of hemoglobin leads to metabolic disorders, toxins are no longer excreted from the body and accumulate. The load on the liver and kidneys increases. The transport of oxygen by hemoglobin decreases, and the lungs suffer from this. The cardiovascular system begins to pump blood harder to provide the body with the proper amount of oxygen. There is heart failure and an increase in the size of the heart itself.

A severe degree of deficiency leads to sclerosis in various organs. Normal tissues are replaced by scar tissue, which disrupts their work. Pathologies of the excretory, respiratory systems develop, other organs suffer.

With low hemoglobin, the immune status of a person decreases. Infectious processes occur more often. If a similar condition develops in a child, then he may experience impaired growth and development.

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Causes of low hemoglobin

A decrease in the normal level of hemoglobin accompanies a number of diseases and pathological conditions.

Causes include:

• diseases of the endocrine system;
• malignant neoplasms of various origins;
• infectious processes in the body that occur over a long period of time;
• diseases leading to marked destruction of erythrocytes;
• kidney pathology;
• external and internal bleeding;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the process of iron absorption is disturbed;
• pathologies of the hematopoietic system;
• lack of vitamins and microelements in the body, caused by insufficient intake from outside or internal pathologies;
• autoimmune processes;
• pregnancy;
• dietary restrictions;
• nervous disorders;
• heredity;
• diseases of the bone marrow in which erythropoiesis is impaired.

Symptoms of disease

With an insufficient level of hemoglobin in the blood, oxygen starvation of all cellular structures develops.

Left untreated causes health problems and the following symptoms occur:

• Fatigue, decreased concentration, mental abilities, fatigue.

Insufficient oxygen transfer by hemoglobin causes tissue hypoxia, deprives them of energy, which can lead to the inability to lead a normal life and perform everyday tasks.

• Drowsiness.

In conditions of low hemoglobin in the blood, the body experiences oxygen starvation, which is the cause of this symptom.

• Decreased performance.

Previously performed work becomes impossible, requires more time, effort and attention.

• Development of arrhythmia.

Under conditions of hypoxia, the heart begins to pump a larger volume of blood, which ultimately leads to an increase in the size of the heart and the development of heart failure.

• Underdevelopment of the fetal nervous system, placental abruption, premature birth.

They occur with the development of anemia during childbearing.

• Dizziness, flies before the eyes, buzzing and noise in the ears.
• Headache.

Due to the small transfer of oxygen by hemoglobin, the vessels of the brain swell, which causes pressure and the development of pain.

• Cold intolerance.

With low hemoglobin, blood circulation slows down, which is accompanied by a constant feeling of cold. Ears and fingertips begin to freeze.

• Hair loss, brittle nails, dryness of the oral mucosa.
• Difficulty falling asleep and restless sleep.
• Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes.

Insufficient oxygen transport by hemoglobin leads to pale staining. In addition, in conditions of deficiency, blood is distributed in vital organs and it becomes insufficient in the capillaries. Paleness can spread to the entire body or capture one area.

The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of anemia. With a slight decrease in the level of hemoglobin, clinical symptoms may be absent and signs of the disease are diagnosed only after passing laboratory tests.

Diagnostics

If you have symptoms of a lack of hemoglobin in the blood, you should consult a doctor.

In diagnostics, an integrated approach is used.

During the initial examination, the doctor asks about complaints, the time of their occurrence. Find out if this happened before, where he went and how he was treated. Examines the history of the patient’s life. Specifies whether the patient has chronic diseases, hereditary predisposition to any diseases, whether there are bad habits, what working conditions. Be sure to ask if the patient took any drugs, whether there was contact with poisonous and toxic substances.

After the interview, the doctor proceeds to a visual examination of the patient. He evaluates the color of the skin, the condition of the mucous membranes. Measures pulse and blood pressure.

After that, the necessary tests are prescribed.

For low hemoglobin, the following laboratory tests are prescribed:

• red blood test to determine the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin;
• urinalysis to rule out comorbidities;
• fecal occult blood test;
• blood biochemistry: creatinine, electrolytes, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol;
• study of the level of ferritin, serum iron, vitamin B9 and B12.

Of the instrumental diagnostic methods, perform:

• electrocardiogram to exclude cardiac pathologies;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy to rule out gastrointestinal pathology;
• colonoscopy to evaluate the colon.

Women are referred for a consultation with a gynecologist.

In disputable situations, a bone marrow examination can be prescribed to rule out problems with the hematopoietic system, a consultation with a hematologist.

When diagnosing, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the results of the examination, but also to gender, age, nature of work, dietary habits, regularly taken drugs.

Methods of treatment

Therapy for low hemoglobin begins with a correct diagnosis, which allows you to get good results from the treatment. Therapy should take place only under the supervision of a specialist. During therapy, the patient must donate red blood several times in order to track the dynamics of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.

With mild anemia, the level of hemoglobin can be adjusted by diet, taking vitamins. For moderate to severe, medications are prescribed.

The following methods are used in the treatment of low hemoglobin:

1. Correction of lifestyle and improper diet.

You need to diversify your diet, stop following diets, get rid of bad habits. Include in your diet foods high in iron and B vitamins: meat, liver, vegetables, fruits. It is worth removing pronounced physical activity, adjusting the daily routine, getting enough sleep.

2. Administration of iron-containing preparations.

They are aimed at restoring the functioning of the digestive system, if the deficiency is due to insufficient absorption of iron. With mild and moderate degree, the drug can be administered orally, with severe anemia, they are administered intravenously.

3. Use of hematopoietic activators.

With insufficient erythropoiesis and weak bone marrow function, medications are prescribed that can regulate this process and eliminate the deficient state.

1. Taking folic acid, vitamin B12.

With low hemoglobin associated with insufficient intake of these substances, they are prescribed additionally.

2. Immunosuppressive therapy.
• Transfusion of red blood and its components. Helps to quickly saturate the blood with hemoglobin and red blood cells.
• Bone marrow transplantation.
• Removal of the spleen.

Low hemoglobin diet

With a mild degree of anemia, it is enough to adjust your diet, giving preference to certain food groups that can increase hemoglobin and eliminate anemia.

To achieve this, it is worth giving preference to certain products.

Since the main reason for the insufficient amount of hemoglobin in the blood is iron deficiency, it is necessary to consume foods containing it in large quantities. They can be of both plant and animal origin. It is also necessary to completely remove or limit the use of those foods that interfere with the normal absorption of iron.

What foods can you eat to raise your hemoglobin level?

• Meat products.

They rank first in the absorption of iron. That is why you need to include them in your diet as often as possible. These products include: liver, tongue, heart, animal meat, chicken fillet, rabbit and turkey meat. The highest level of iron in pork and chicken liver, but it is best absorbed from pork or beef meat.

• Seafood

These include: red and black caviar, canned tuna, shrimp, mackerel, oysters, sardines. Up to 15% of iron is absorbed from seafood.

• Nuts and seeds.

Such products include: almonds, peanuts, pumpkin seeds, pistachios, sesame seeds, poppy seeds. In addition to iron, which is well absorbed, they contain a large amount of vitamins and minerals. They are especially useful during pregnancy and in childhood. Their use helps lovers of raw fish to fight parasites.

Of these products, 7 and 3% of iron is absorbed. These include: wheat bran, oatmeal, peas, beans, buckwheat, lentils. To achieve the desired effect, it is better to eat them with other foods containing iron: meat, liver, fish, seafood.

• Fresh berries and fruits.

To increase hemoglobin in the blood, you should include berries, fruits and dried fruits in your diet. The richest in iron: bananas, black currants, raisins, rose hips, pears, blueberries, cranberries. Especially useful are foods that are also rich in vitamin C, which contributes to better absorption of iron. Such products include cherries, grapefruit, orange, figs.

• Fresh vegetables and mushrooms, herbs.

These are carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes, beets, celery, mushrooms. Dried mushrooms are especially useful. But it is worth remembering that iron from mushrooms is absorbed worse than from pork and beef meat, as well as offal.

• Sweet food, drinks.

Raise the level of hemoglobin helps honey, chocolate. Cocoa is also a source of iron, the use of which has a positive effect on increasing iron.

• Which foods should be avoided.

During therapeutic measures, it is necessary to abandon the use of black tea and coffee drinks. Tannins, which are part of their composition, impede the process of assimilation of hemoglobin and reduce the rate of its increase to normal levels. Instead, you can drink still water, green tea, cocoa, juices.

In addition to tannins, iron is poorly absorbed in the presence of calcium. Adults do not need to completely abandon foods containing calcium, as it is necessary for the normal functioning of the whole body. Due to the rapid digestion, calcium-rich foods are best eaten separately from iron-rich foods.

In addition, undesirable products with a low concentration of hemoglobin in the blood are: flour products, fatty foods, conservation, alcohol, fast food, sweet soda, sugar, salt.

It is necessary to give up bad habits. When choosing products in the store, pay attention to the expiration date and composition.

Children with low hemoglobin should not be given a lot of meat products. It is best to cook meat and fish dishes along with side dishes, give multivitamins, you can not remove foods rich in calcium.

During pregnancy, preference should be given to fresh berries and fruits, caviar, dried fruits. Do not abuse fish, liver.

With low hemoglobin in old age, iron-containing foods are best consumed in a soft form. These include fish and meat cutlets, fresh vegetables, cereals, soups.

Prophylaxis

Prevention of low hemoglobin levels is:

• balanced nutrition;
• intake with food and preparations of essential vitamins and microelements;
• hemoglobin control during pregnancy;
• timely treatment of chronic diseases;
• seek medical care in the event of acute infectious and viral diseases;
• outdoor activities;
• exclusion of contact with poisons, ionizing radiation, toxic substances;
• refusal to take medicines without a doctor’s prescription;
• annual preventive medical examinations.

Why the hemoglobin in the blood is increased, Martynova, doctor of the FMBA explained

• Health

Low hemoglobin is bad, but high levels are not better. What numbers are we talking about and why is an increased level of hemoglobin in the blood in humans dangerous?

January 27, 2023

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The hemoglobin test is one of the simplest blood tests that doctors most often order to diagnose and control the treatment of many diseases.

Blood for a general blood test, which will also show your hemoglobin level, can be taken either from a finger or from a vein. It should definitely be taken on an empty stomach.

If the test shows hemoglobin values ​​below or above the reference values ​​ (control range), then the doctor may prescribe an examination to determine the causes.

Many people know about the danger of low hemoglobin – oxygen starvation develops in the body, and this can cause malfunction of all organs. And how does high hemoglobin harm a person? We deal with the doctor of the scientific and clinical center of the FMBA of Russia.

What is hemoglobin

— It is a protein component of erythrocytes (red blood cells) that delivers oxygen to organs and tissues0343, as well as helping to remove carbon dioxide from the body,” Svetlana Martynova, a cardiologist-geriatrician at the Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, explained to Doctor Peter. — For men values ​​within 125–170 g/l are considered normal, for women — 115–155 g/l. It is important to remember that during menstruation hemoglobin may decrease to 100 g/l .

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What determines the level of hemoglobin

— The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood depends on the age of the person, — says the expert. – So, in newborns, the rates are higher than in adults. Also important are the characteristics of nutrition, bad habits – especially smoking, indicators of iron and folic acid, the state of immunity, morphological and functional features of red blood cells.

Reduced hemoglobin is diagnosed several times more often than elevated , the doctor notes.

Signs of elevated hemoglobin:

• fatigue, drowsiness,

• frequent headaches and dizziness ,

• aches in the joints,

• intestinal colic,

• formation of large hematomas at the site of bruises.

At risk – smokers

– High hemoglobin levels are considered typical for pilots and residents of high-altitude settlements, since hemoglobin increases against the background of oxygen deficiency, – explains Svetlana Martynova. – In these cases, it is recommended to drink more fluids, reduce the consumption of red meat, try to eat more fresh vegetables, herbs, dairy products, legumes, seafood.

Also elevated hemoglobin is often found in the blood of smokers.

— This, among other things, is connected with the desire of the body to compensate for hypoxia that has arisen against the background of smoking. In order to normalize the values, it is necessary to abandon the bad habit , says the therapist.

It is important that, despite the increased level of hemoglobin, the body of smokers continues to experience oxygen starvation . And this has a bad effect on the work of important organs and systems, metabolism suffers, there is a risk of thrombosis and the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes increases.

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Why is high hemoglobin dangerous? “Against this background, people may experience high blood pressure and a deterioration in the blood supply to organs and tissues.

High hemoglobin is especially dangerous for patients with atherosclerosis, since increases the likelihood of thrombosis and embolism , which in turn increases the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke.

Also, elevated hemoglobin may indicate the presence of a pathological process in the body.

– High rates are observed in hemochromatosis, congenital pathologies of the heart and lungs, pulmonary or heart failure, diseases of the bronchi and lungs, oncological neoplasms of the liver, kidneys and adrenal glands, some types of leukemia, severe dehydration, says therapist Svetlana Martynova.