Heparin side effects in elderly: Heparin (Intravenous Route, Subcutaneous Route) Side Effects
Side Effects, Dosage, Uses, and More
Highlights for heparin
- Heparin injectable solution only comes as a generic drug. It doesn’t have a brand-name version.
- Heparin comes in two forms. One is an injectable solution, which you inject under your skin. The other is a solution that’s injected intravenously (into one of your veins). Only your doctor can give you the intravenous form.
- Heparin injectable solution is a blood thinner that’s used to treat and prevent blood clots.
- Low platelet levels warning. This drug can decrease your platelet levels. This is known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which can eventually lead to the formation of blood clots in your veins. These clots can form even several weeks after you stop taking heparin. Your doctor will check you for low platelet levels.
- Bleeding risk warning. This drug may cause serious bleeding. This happens because this drug reduces your body’s ability to make your blood clot.
Heparin may cause you to bruise more easily. It also may take your body longer to stop bleeding. This can cause death in rare cases. Let your doctor know if you have frequent nosebleeds, unusual bleeding from your gums, periods that are heavier than normal, red or brown urine, or dark or tarry stools. Also let your doctor know if you vomit blood, if your vomit looks like coffee grounds, or if you have headaches, dizziness, or weakness.
Heparin may cause you to bruise more easily. It also may take your body longer to stop bleeding. This can cause death in rare cases. Let your doctor know if you have frequent nosebleeds, unusual bleeding from your gums, periods that are heavier than normal, red or brown urine, or dark or tarry stools. Also let your doctor know if you vomit blood, if your vomit looks like coffee grounds, or if you have headaches, dizziness, or weakness.Heparin is a prescription drug. It comes as a self-injectable solution that you inject under your skin. It also comes as a solution that a healthcare provider injects intravenously (into one of your veins). You can only receive the intravenous form in the hospital.
For the injectable solution, you’ll receive your first injection at a hospital. A healthcare provider will show you how to give yourself the injection. You will give yourself the remaining doses at home.
Heparin injectable solution is only available as a generic drug.
Why it’s used
Heparin is a blood thinner that’s used to treat and prevent blood clots.
These can include venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral arterial embolism.
How it works
Heparin belongs to a class of drugs called anticoagulants. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.
Heparin works by disrupting the formation of blood clots in your veins. It can prevent blood clots from forming, or stop clots that have already formed from getting larger.
Heparin injectable solution doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.
More common side effects
The more common side effects of this drug include:
- bruising more easily
- bleeding that takes longer to stop
- irritation, pain, redness, or sores at the injection site
- allergic reactions, such as hives, chills, and fever
- increased liver enzymes on liver function test results
If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks.
If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Serious side effects
Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:
- Severe bleeding. Symptoms can include:
- bruising more easily
- unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
- unusual bleeding from your gums
- frequent nosebleeds
- periods that are heavier than normal
- pink or brown urine
- dark, tarry stool (may be a sign of bleeding in your stomach)
- severe bleeding or bleeding that you can’t stop
- coughing up blood or blood clots
- vomit that contains blood or looks like coffee grounds
- headaches
- weakness
- dizziness
- Serious allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
- skin tissue death at the injection site
- chills
- fever
- rash and hives
- itching
- burning
- shortness of breath
- swelling of your face, lips, throat, or tongue
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This is low platelet levels caused by heparin use. It can cause new or worsening clots in your blood vessels. These may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Symptoms of new or worsening blood clots can include:
- reddening and swelling of one leg or arm
- coughing up blood
This is low platelet levels caused by heparin use. It can cause new or worsening clots in your blood vessels. These may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Symptoms of new or worsening blood clots can include:Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare provider who knows your medical history.
Heparin injectable solution can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.
To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully.
Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with heparin are listed below.
Interactions that can increase your risk of side effects
Taking heparin with certain drugs can increase your risk of bleeding and make you bruise more easily. Examples of these drugs include:
- aspirin
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen
- antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel and dipyridamole
- hydroxychloroquine
- herbal supplements such as ginkgo biloba, fish oil, and garlic
Interactions that can make heparin less effective
When used with heparin, certain drugs can make heparin less effective. Examples of these drugs include:
- digoxin
- tetracycline antibiotics such as doxycycline and minocycline
- nicotine
- nitrates, such as isosorbide, mononitrate, and nitroglycerin
- antihistamines such as diphenhydramine
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information.
However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare provider about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.
This drug comes with several warnings.
Allergy warning
Heparin can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:
- skin tissue death at the injection site
- chills
- fever
- rash
- hives
- itching
- burning
- shortness of breath
- swelling of your face, lips, throat, or tongue
If you develop these symptoms, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Heparin is derived from animal tissue. It should be used with caution in people with a history of allergy to this drug or to pig proteins.
Taking heparin could be fatal (cause death).
Warnings for people with certain health conditions
For people with pig protein sensitivity: Do not take this drug. This drug is made from pork tissue and can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in people who are sensitive or allergic to other pig proteins.
For people with uncontrolled high blood pressure: You are at an increased risk of bleeding from this drug. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with bleeding or clotting problems: If you have abnormal bleeding or a condition that puts you at an increased risk of bleeding, using heparin could increase your risk even more. Use heparin with caution.
For people with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding: If you have active stomach ulcers, you should not use heparin. It could make your ulcers worse and cause dangerous bleeding. If you have a history of stomach ulcers but don’t have active ulcers, using heparin puts you at an increased risk of bleeding.
You should talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with kidney disease: If you have severe kidney disease or a history of kidney disease, taking heparin can increase your risk of bleeding. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with liver disease: If you have severe liver disease or a history of liver disease, taking heparin can increase your risk of bleeding. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with asthma or sulfite sensitivity: People with asthma are likely to be sensitive to sulfites. Sulfites can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in some people. Some forms of this drug contain sulfites. Talk to your doctor about using a sulfite-free version of heparin.
Warnings for other groups
For pregnant women: Research in animals has shown negative effects to the fetus when the mother uses heparin. However, there haven’t been enough studies done in humans to be certain how the drug might affect the fetus.
Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant. This drug should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. Ask your doctor if using the preservative-free version of heparin would be better for you than the version that contains benzyl alcohol.
If you become pregnant while taking this drug, call your doctor right away.
For women who are breastfeeding: Heparin is unlikely to pass into breast milk and be absorbed by an infant who is breastfed. Talk to your doctor about the best way to feed your child while you’re taking heparin.
Some forms of heparin contain a preservative called benzyl alcohol. This ingredient can slow down the central nervous system in some infants. It has also caused trouble breathing and changes in the blood chemistry in some infants. These effects can be deadly. If you breastfeed your child, talk to your doctor about preservative-free heparin.
For seniors: If you are older than 60 years, you may be at a higher risk of bleeding.
Heparin also increases your risk of bleeding, so your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
For children: This medication has not been studied in children. Dosage recommendations are based on clinical experience.
Newborns and infants should receive preservative-free heparin. The preservative benzyl alcohol has been linked to serious side effects and even death in newborns and infants.
All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:
- your age
- the condition being treated
- how severe your condition is
- other medical conditions you have
- how you react to the first dose
Drug forms and strengths
Generic: Heparin
- Form: injectable solution, preservative-free
- Strengths: 1,000 units/mL, 10,000 units/mL
- Form: injectable solution preserved with benzyl alcohol
- Strengths: 1,000 units/mL, 5,000 units/mL, 10,000 units/mL, 20,000 units/mL
Dosage for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Adult dosage (ages 18–59 years)
- Typical starting dosage: 333 units/kg of body weight injected under your skin.
- Typical maintenance dosage: 250 units/kg of body weight injected under your skin every 12 hours. Change the injection site each time to prevent a blood clot from forming at the injection site.
Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
Your doctor will determine your child’s dosage based on your child’s condition and medical history.
Senior dosage (ages 60 years and older)
You may be at higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
Dosage for preventing deep vein thrombosis after surgery
Adult dosage (ages 18–59 years)
- Typical dosage: Your doctor or nurse will give you 5,000 units about 2 hours before your surgery.
- Typical maintenance dosage: 5,000 units injected under your skin every 8–12 hours. You’ll give yourself this dosage for 7 days or until you can start walking.
Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
Your doctor will determine your child’s dosage based on your child’s condition and medical history.
Senior dosage (ages 60 years and older)
You may be at higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.
Heparin injectable solution is used for short-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.
If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: You may develop a blood clot, or an existing blood clot could get worse. These blood clots can be fatal (cause death).
If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely.
For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.
If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body, which could lead to serious bleeding. This can be deadly. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:
- bruising easily
- unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
- unusual bleeding from your gums
- frequent nosebleeds
- in women: periods that are heavier than normal
- pink or brown urine
- dark, tarry stool (may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach)
- severe bleeding or bleeding that you can’t stop
- coughing up blood or blood clots
- vomit that contains blood or looks like coffee grounds
- headaches
- weakness
- dizziness
If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or local poison control center. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. If you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects, such as serious bleeding.
How to tell if the drug is working: You should not develop a blood clot, or the clot you currently have should go away.
Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes heparin for you.
Self-management
- Your doctor will show you how to give yourself the injection.
- Use this drug only if the solution is clear and the seal is intact. Do not use this drug if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or has particles in it.
Storage
Store heparin at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°F and 25°C).
Refills
A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled.
Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.
Travel
When traveling with your medication:
- Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
- Don’t worry about airport x-ray machines. They can’t harm your medication.
- You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
- Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.
- You need needles and syringes to take this medication. Check for special rules about traveling with your medication, needles, and syringes.
Clinical monitoring
Your doctor will monitor how well heparin is working for you by doing coagulation or clotting tests. The results of these tests will also help your doctor choose the right dosage of heparin for you.
Your doctor should test you to help make sure you stay safe while you take this drug. These tests check your:
- Kidney function. If your kidneys are not working well, you may have a higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor will monitor your kidneys to make sure this drug is safe for you to take.
- Liver function. If your liver is not working well, you may have a higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor will monitor your liver to make sure this drug is safe for you to take.
- Signs of bleeding. Your doctor may check your platelet and hematocrit levels. They may do a test that checks for blood that may be hidden in your stool. This monitoring helps make sure you don’t bleed too much while you take this drug.
Availability
Not every pharmacy stocks this drug. When filling your prescription, be sure to call ahead to make sure your pharmacy carries it.
Hidden costs
You may need to purchase:
- sterile alcohol wipes
- needles and syringes
- a sharps container (a bin for disposing used needles safely)
There are other drugs available to treat your condition.
Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk to your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.
Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.
Side Effects, Dosage, Uses, and More
Highlights for heparin
- Heparin injectable solution only comes as a generic drug. It doesn’t have a brand-name version.
- Heparin comes in two forms. One is an injectable solution, which you inject under your skin. The other is a solution that’s injected intravenously (into one of your veins). Only your doctor can give you the intravenous form.
- Heparin injectable solution is a blood thinner that’s used to treat and prevent blood clots.
It doesn’t have a brand-name version.- Low platelet levels warning. This drug can decrease your platelet levels. This is known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which can eventually lead to the formation of blood clots in your veins. These clots can form even several weeks after you stop taking heparin. Your doctor will check you for low platelet levels.
- Bleeding risk warning. This drug may cause serious bleeding. This happens because this drug reduces your body’s ability to make your blood clot. Heparin may cause you to bruise more easily. It also may take your body longer to stop bleeding. This can cause death in rare cases. Let your doctor know if you have frequent nosebleeds, unusual bleeding from your gums, periods that are heavier than normal, red or brown urine, or dark or tarry stools. Also let your doctor know if you vomit blood, if your vomit looks like coffee grounds, or if you have headaches, dizziness, or weakness.
Let your doctor know if you have frequent nosebleeds, unusual bleeding from your gums, periods that are heavier than normal, red or brown urine, or dark or tarry stools. Also let your doctor know if you vomit blood, if your vomit looks like coffee grounds, or if you have headaches, dizziness, or weakness.Heparin is a prescription drug. It comes as a self-injectable solution that you inject under your skin. It also comes as a solution that a healthcare provider injects intravenously (into one of your veins). You can only receive the intravenous form in the hospital.
For the injectable solution, you’ll receive your first injection at a hospital. A healthcare provider will show you how to give yourself the injection. You will give yourself the remaining doses at home.
Heparin injectable solution is only available as a generic drug.
Why it’s used
Heparin is a blood thinner that’s used to treat and prevent blood clots. These can include venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral arterial embolism.
How it works
Heparin belongs to a class of drugs called anticoagulants. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.
Heparin works by disrupting the formation of blood clots in your veins. It can prevent blood clots from forming, or stop clots that have already formed from getting larger.
Heparin injectable solution doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.
More common side effects
The more common side effects of this drug include:
- bruising more easily
- bleeding that takes longer to stop
- irritation, pain, redness, or sores at the injection site
- allergic reactions, such as hives, chills, and fever
- increased liver enzymes on liver function test results
If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Serious side effects
Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:
- Severe bleeding. Symptoms can include:
- bruising more easily
- unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
- unusual bleeding from your gums
- frequent nosebleeds
- periods that are heavier than normal
- pink or brown urine
- dark, tarry stool (may be a sign of bleeding in your stomach)
- severe bleeding or bleeding that you can’t stop
- coughing up blood or blood clots
- vomit that contains blood or looks like coffee grounds
- headaches
- weakness
- dizziness
- Serious allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
- skin tissue death at the injection site
- chills
- fever
- rash and hives
- itching
- burning
- shortness of breath
- swelling of your face, lips, throat, or tongue
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This is low platelet levels caused by heparin use. It can cause new or worsening clots in your blood vessels. These may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Symptoms of new or worsening blood clots can include:
- reddening and swelling of one leg or arm
- coughing up blood
This is low platelet levels caused by heparin use. It can cause new or worsening clots in your blood vessels. These may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Symptoms of new or worsening blood clots can include:Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare provider who knows your medical history.
Heparin injectable solution can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.
To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully.
Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with heparin are listed below.
Interactions that can increase your risk of side effects
Taking heparin with certain drugs can increase your risk of bleeding and make you bruise more easily. Examples of these drugs include:
- aspirin
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen
- antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel and dipyridamole
- hydroxychloroquine
- herbal supplements such as ginkgo biloba, fish oil, and garlic
Interactions that can make heparin less effective
When used with heparin, certain drugs can make heparin less effective. Examples of these drugs include:
- digoxin
- tetracycline antibiotics such as doxycycline and minocycline
- nicotine
- nitrates, such as isosorbide, mononitrate, and nitroglycerin
- antihistamines such as diphenhydramine
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information.
However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare provider about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.
This drug comes with several warnings.
Allergy warning
Heparin can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:
- skin tissue death at the injection site
- chills
- fever
- rash
- hives
- itching
- burning
- shortness of breath
- swelling of your face, lips, throat, or tongue
If you develop these symptoms, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Heparin is derived from animal tissue. It should be used with caution in people with a history of allergy to this drug or to pig proteins.
Taking heparin could be fatal (cause death).
Warnings for people with certain health conditions
For people with pig protein sensitivity: Do not take this drug. This drug is made from pork tissue and can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in people who are sensitive or allergic to other pig proteins.
For people with uncontrolled high blood pressure: You are at an increased risk of bleeding from this drug. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with bleeding or clotting problems: If you have abnormal bleeding or a condition that puts you at an increased risk of bleeding, using heparin could increase your risk even more. Use heparin with caution.
For people with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding: If you have active stomach ulcers, you should not use heparin. It could make your ulcers worse and cause dangerous bleeding. If you have a history of stomach ulcers but don’t have active ulcers, using heparin puts you at an increased risk of bleeding.
You should talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with kidney disease: If you have severe kidney disease or a history of kidney disease, taking heparin can increase your risk of bleeding. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with liver disease: If you have severe liver disease or a history of liver disease, taking heparin can increase your risk of bleeding. Talk to your doctor before using heparin.
For people with asthma or sulfite sensitivity: People with asthma are likely to be sensitive to sulfites. Sulfites can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in some people. Some forms of this drug contain sulfites. Talk to your doctor about using a sulfite-free version of heparin.
Warnings for other groups
For pregnant women: Research in animals has shown negative effects to the fetus when the mother uses heparin. However, there haven’t been enough studies done in humans to be certain how the drug might affect the fetus.
Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant. This drug should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. Ask your doctor if using the preservative-free version of heparin would be better for you than the version that contains benzyl alcohol.
If you become pregnant while taking this drug, call your doctor right away.
For women who are breastfeeding: Heparin is unlikely to pass into breast milk and be absorbed by an infant who is breastfed. Talk to your doctor about the best way to feed your child while you’re taking heparin.
Some forms of heparin contain a preservative called benzyl alcohol. This ingredient can slow down the central nervous system in some infants. It has also caused trouble breathing and changes in the blood chemistry in some infants. These effects can be deadly. If you breastfeed your child, talk to your doctor about preservative-free heparin.
For seniors: If you are older than 60 years, you may be at a higher risk of bleeding.
Heparin also increases your risk of bleeding, so your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
For children: This medication has not been studied in children. Dosage recommendations are based on clinical experience.
Newborns and infants should receive preservative-free heparin. The preservative benzyl alcohol has been linked to serious side effects and even death in newborns and infants.
All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:
- your age
- the condition being treated
- how severe your condition is
- other medical conditions you have
- how you react to the first dose
Drug forms and strengths
Generic: Heparin
- Form: injectable solution, preservative-free
- Strengths: 1,000 units/mL, 10,000 units/mL
- Form: injectable solution preserved with benzyl alcohol
- Strengths: 1,000 units/mL, 5,000 units/mL, 10,000 units/mL, 20,000 units/mL
Dosage for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Adult dosage (ages 18–59 years)
- Typical starting dosage: 333 units/kg of body weight injected under your skin.
- Typical maintenance dosage: 250 units/kg of body weight injected under your skin every 12 hours. Change the injection site each time to prevent a blood clot from forming at the injection site.
Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
Your doctor will determine your child’s dosage based on your child’s condition and medical history.
Senior dosage (ages 60 years and older)
You may be at higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
Dosage for preventing deep vein thrombosis after surgery
Adult dosage (ages 18–59 years)
- Typical dosage: Your doctor or nurse will give you 5,000 units about 2 hours before your surgery.
- Typical maintenance dosage: 5,000 units injected under your skin every 8–12 hours. You’ll give yourself this dosage for 7 days or until you can start walking.
Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
Your doctor will determine your child’s dosage based on your child’s condition and medical history.
Senior dosage (ages 60 years and older)
You may be at higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor may start you on a reduced dosage.
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.
Heparin injectable solution is used for short-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.
If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: You may develop a blood clot, or an existing blood clot could get worse. These blood clots can be fatal (cause death).
If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely.
For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.
If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body, which could lead to serious bleeding. This can be deadly. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:
- bruising easily
- unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
- unusual bleeding from your gums
- frequent nosebleeds
- in women: periods that are heavier than normal
- pink or brown urine
- dark, tarry stool (may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach)
- severe bleeding or bleeding that you can’t stop
- coughing up blood or blood clots
- vomit that contains blood or looks like coffee grounds
- headaches
- weakness
- dizziness
If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or local poison control center. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. If you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects, such as serious bleeding.
How to tell if the drug is working: You should not develop a blood clot, or the clot you currently have should go away.
Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes heparin for you.
Self-management
- Your doctor will show you how to give yourself the injection.
- Use this drug only if the solution is clear and the seal is intact. Do not use this drug if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or has particles in it.
Storage
Store heparin at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°F and 25°C).
Refills
A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled.
Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.
Travel
When traveling with your medication:
- Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
- Don’t worry about airport x-ray machines. They can’t harm your medication.
- You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
- Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.
- You need needles and syringes to take this medication. Check for special rules about traveling with your medication, needles, and syringes.
Clinical monitoring
Your doctor will monitor how well heparin is working for you by doing coagulation or clotting tests. The results of these tests will also help your doctor choose the right dosage of heparin for you.
Your doctor should test you to help make sure you stay safe while you take this drug. These tests check your:
- Kidney function. If your kidneys are not working well, you may have a higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor will monitor your kidneys to make sure this drug is safe for you to take.
- Liver function. If your liver is not working well, you may have a higher risk of bleeding. Your doctor will monitor your liver to make sure this drug is safe for you to take.
- Signs of bleeding. Your doctor may check your platelet and hematocrit levels. They may do a test that checks for blood that may be hidden in your stool. This monitoring helps make sure you don’t bleed too much while you take this drug.
Availability
Not every pharmacy stocks this drug. When filling your prescription, be sure to call ahead to make sure your pharmacy carries it.
Hidden costs
You may need to purchase:
- sterile alcohol wipes
- needles and syringes
- a sharps container (a bin for disposing used needles safely)
There are other drugs available to treat your condition.
Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk to your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.
Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.
💊 Ingredients of Heparin ✅ Use of Heparin Keep for yourself Search for analogues Interaction Description of the active ingredients of the preparation Heparin The scientific information provided is general and cannot be used to make decisions. Update date: 2019.12.04 Marketing authorization holder: SYNTHESIS, PAO ATX code: B01AB01 (Heparin) Active substance: Rec. WHO registered Dosage form
Release form, packaging and composition |
5 thousand IU / ml: 1 ml or 2 ml amp. 5 or 10 pieces, 5 ml vial 5 or 50 pcs. (4363)
INN
Violates the transition of prothrombin to thrombin, inhibits the activity of thrombin and activated factor X, to some extent reduces platelet aggregation.
Reduces the frequency of recurrent heart attacks and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. In high doses, it is effective for pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis, in small doses it is effective for the prevention of venous thromboembolism, incl. after surgical operations.
| D59.3 | Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| D65 | Disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome] |
| I20.0 | Unstable angina |
| I21 | Acute myocardial infarction |
| I26 | Pulmonary embolism |
| I33.9 | Acute endocarditis, unspecified |
| I34.0 | Mitral (valvular) insufficiency |
| I48 | Atrial fibrillation and flutter |
| I74 | Arterial embolism and thrombosis |
| I80 | Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis |
| I82 | Embolism and thrombosis of other veins |
| N00 | Acute nephritic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis) |
| N03 | Chronic nephritic syndrome |
N08. 5 | Glomerular lesions in systemic connective tissue diseases |
| Z51.4 | Preparatory procedures for subsequent treatment or examination, not elsewhere classified |
Dosage regimen
The method of administration and dosing regimen of a particular drug depends on its form of release and other factors. The optimal dosage regimen is determined by the doctor. Compliance of the dosage form of a particular drug with indications for use and dosing regimen should be strictly observed.
Individual, depending on the dosage form used, indications, clinical situation and age of the patient.
Side effects
On the part of the blood coagulation system: possible bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract, bleeding at the injection site, in areas subjected to pressure, from surgical wounds, as well as hemorrhages in other organs, hematuria, thrombocytopenia.
From the digestive system: nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, increased activity of liver transaminases.
Allergic reactions: flushing of the skin, drug fever, urticaria, rhinitis, pruritus and sensation of heat in the soles, bronchospasm, collapse, anaphylactic shock.
On the part of the blood coagulation system: thrombocytopenia (may be severe up to death) with subsequent development of skin necrosis, arterial thrombosis, accompanied by the development of gangrene, myocardial infarction, stroke.
From the musculoskeletal system: with prolonged use – osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures, soft tissue calcification.
Local reactions: irritation, pain, hyperemia, hematoma and ulceration at the injection site.
Other: transient alopecia, hypoaldosteronism.
Contraindications for use
Bleeding, diseases accompanied by impaired blood coagulation, suspected intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, hemorrhagic stroke, dissecting aortic aneurysm, antiphospholipid syndrome, malignant arterial hypertension, subacute bacterial endocarditis, erosive ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract , severe lesions of the liver parenchyma, cirrhosis of the liver with varicose veins of the esophagus, malignant neoplasms in the liver, shock conditions, recent surgical interventions on the eyes, brain, prostate, liver and biliary tract, condition after spinal cord puncture, menstruation, threatened miscarriage, childbirth (including recent), hypersensitivity to heparin.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Use during pregnancy is possible only under strict indications, under close medical supervision.
Contraindication: threatened miscarriage, childbirth (including recent).
Can be used during breastfeeding if indicated.
Use in violations of liver function
Contraindications: severe lesions of the liver parenchyma, cirrhosis of the liver with varicose veins of the esophagus, malignant neoplasms in the liver.
Use for impaired renal function
Used when indicated in patients with severe kidney disease.
Use in children
May be used in children if indicated.
Use in elderly patients
Use with caution in elderly patients (over 60 years, especially in women).
Special instructions
Use with caution in patients suffering from polyvalent allergies (including bronchial asthma), arterial hypertension, dental procedures, diabetes mellitus, endocarditis, pericarditis, in the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive, with active tuberculosis, radiation therapy, liver failure, chronic renal failure, in elderly patients (over 60 years, especially women).
IM administration of heparin is not recommended due to the possibility of developing a hematoma, as well as IM administration of other drugs during treatment with heparin.
Use with caution externally for bleeding and conditions of increased bleeding, thrombocytopenia.
During treatment with heparin, monitoring of blood coagulation parameters is necessary.
Only normal saline is used to dilute heparin.
With the development of severe thrombocytopenia (a decrease in the number of platelets by 2 times from the original number or below 100,000 / µl), heparin should be urgently discontinued.
The risk of bleeding can be minimized with careful evaluation of contraindications, regular laboratory monitoring of blood clotting, and adequate dosing.
Drug interactions
The anticoagulant effect of heparin is enhanced by the simultaneous use of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and NSAIDs.
Ergot alkaloids, thyroxine, tetracycline, antihistamines, and nicotine reduce the effect of heparin.
Keep
If you want to place a link to the description of this drug – use this code
Heparin . Description of the drug in the reference book Vidal.
uncovering the truth about potential complications
Contents
Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat thrombosis and embolism. This medicine affects the blood coagulation system by enhancing the action of antithrombin III, a natural inhibitor of thrombin, and other coagulation factors. Heparin sodium can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or topically as a gel. In this article, we will talk about the side effects of sodium heparin, its analogues, reviews of doctors and patients, and also give advice on how to minimize the risk of complications when using it.
Effects on the body
Heparin sodium has the following effects on the body:
- Reduces blood viscosity and improves its rheological properties.
- Reduces vascular permeability and prevents the development of edema and inflammation.
- Stimulates fibrinolysis – the process of dissolving blood clots.
- Inhibits platelet aggregation – the adhesion of platelets.
- Prevents the formation of blood clots on the surface of the endothelium – the inner layer of blood vessels.
- Increases coronary blood flow – the flow of blood to the heart muscle.
- Lowers blood pressure and reduces the workload on the heart.
- Has an anti-allergic effect by binding histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
- Modulates the endocrine system by inhibiting aldosterone synthesis and binding adrenaline.
Side effects
Heparin is a fairly safe drug, but the following side effects may occur when using it:
- Bleeding of various localization and severity is the most common and dangerous side effect of heparin sodium. They can manifest as hemorrhages in the skin, mucous membranes, muscles, joints, abdominal organs, and the brain. Bleeding can be spontaneous or caused by trauma, surgery, injections. The risk of bleeding increases with impaired liver or kidney function, while taking other anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, with an overdose of sodium heparin.
- Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood. This condition can be caused by an immune mechanism (type II) or a non-immune mechanism (type I). Type II thrombocytopenia is a more serious complication, as it can lead to the formation of blood clots in various organs (thromboembolism). Type I thrombocytopenia is usually mild and self-limiting. Thrombocytopenia can manifest itself in the form of bleeding, hematomas, petechiae, impaired wound healing, thrombosis.
- Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density. This condition can develop with prolonged use of sodium heparin in high doses. Osteoporosis can manifest itself in the form of bone pain, fractures, spinal deformities. The risk of osteoporosis increases with a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the body, with impaired thyroid function, and with menopause in women.
- Allergic reactions are a rare side effect of sodium heparin. They can manifest as urticaria, itching, Quincke’s edema, anaphylactic shock. Allergic reactions can be caused both by sodium heparin itself and by its auxiliary components, for example, benzyl alcohol.
- Local reactions are a common side effect of sodium heparin when administered subcutaneously. They can manifest as pain, redness, swelling, hematoma, skin necrosis at the injection site. Local reactions may be associated with the technique of administration of the drug, its concentration and volume. To prevent them, it is recommended to follow the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, alternate injection sites, and do not massage the injection site.
Similar to
Heparin has several analogues, which are also referred to as direct-acting anticoagulants. They have a similar mechanism of action and indications for use, but may differ in composition, form of release, dosage and cost. Some of the analogues of heparin sodium:
- Clexane is a drug based on enoxaparin sodium, a low molecular weight heparin. It is used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism in patients with orthopedic surgery, myocardial infarction, unstable angina. It is administered subcutaneously or intravenously. It has a longer duration of action and less risk of bleeding than sodium heparin.
- Fraxiparine is a drug based on calcium nadroparin, a low molecular weight heparin. It is used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism in patients with surgical operations, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism. It is administered subcutaneously or intravenously. It has a higher bioavailability and a longer half-life than sodium heparin.
- Gemapaxan is a drug based on dalteparin sodium, a low molecular weight heparin. It is used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism in patients with cancer, acute coronary syndrome, deep venous thrombosis. It is injected subcutaneously. It has a more pronounced antithrombotic effect and a lower likelihood of thrombocytopenia than sodium heparin.
- Cibor is a drug based on tinzaparin sodium, a low molecular weight heparin. It is used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism in patients with surgical operations, acute coronary syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism. It is injected subcutaneously. It has a longer duration of action and less dependence on body weight than sodium heparin.
Reviews of doctors
Doctors note that heparin is an effective and affordable drug for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic complications. However, they also emphasize that when using it, it is necessary to strictly observe the dosing regimen, monitor blood coagulation parameters (APTT, INR) and regularly conduct blood tests for platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit. Physicians also recommend that patients inform them of all medications and dietary supplements they are taking, as these may interfere with the effect of sodium heparin or cause interactions. Doctors warn patients about the possible side effects of heparin sodium and advise them to contact them if they have signs of bleeding, allergies, bone pain, or other symptoms.
Patient testimonials
Patients who have taken sodium heparin give mixed reviews of its effects. Some patients note a positive effect of the drug on the state of blood vessels, a decrease in swelling and pain in the legs, and an improvement in overall well-being. Other patients complain of sodium heparin side effects such as bleeding from the nose, gums, stomach, kidneys, headaches, weakness, nausea, and allergic reactions at the injection site. Many patients find sodium heparin administration painful and uncomfortable, especially when used at home. Patients also note the high cost of the drug and the need for constant medical monitoring.
How to minimize side effects
In order to minimize the side effects of heparin, the following rules must be observed:
- Use heparin sodium only as directed by your healthcare professional and as directed for use.
- Monitor dosage and frequency of administration, do not skip or double doses.
- Monitor blood coagulation (APTT, INR) and regularly take blood tests for platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit.
- Avoid injuries, cuts, bruises, bruises that may cause bleeding.
- Do not take other anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents without medical advice as they may potentiate the effects of sodium heparin or cause interactions.
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine, green tea, garlic, ginger, ginseng, turmeric and other foods or supplements that may interfere with blood clotting.
- Follow the rules of asepsis and antisepsis when administering sodium heparin subcutaneously, alternate injection sites, do not massage the injection site.
- Seek immediate medical attention if signs of bleeding, allergy, bone pain or other symptoms occur.
Interactions with drugs and other substances
Heparin sodium can interact with various drugs and other substances, changing their effect or causing adverse reactions. Some of the most significant interactions:
- Aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – may increase the anticoagulant effect of heparin sodium and increase the risk of bleeding.
- Warfarin, phenylbutazone, phenytoin and other inducers or inhibitors of liver enzymes – may alter sodium heparin metabolism and activity.
- Digoxin, tetracyclines, hydrochlorothiazide and other drugs that bind to plasma proteins may compete with sodium heparin for protein binding and alter its blood concentration.
- Heparinase is an enzyme that degrades sodium heparin. May be used to stop the action of sodium heparin in case of overdose or bleeding.
- Protamine sulfate is a protein that neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of sodium heparin. Can be used to reverse the effects of sodium heparin if surgery or hemostasis is required.
- Epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylsalicylic acid and other drugs that affect platelet aggregation – may increase or decrease the effect of sodium heparin on platelets and increase or decrease the risk of thrombosis or bleeding.
- Nitroglycerin, dipyridamole, verapamil and other drugs that affect vascular tone – may increase or decrease the effect of sodium heparin on the vascular wall and increase or decrease the risk of thromboembolism or hemorrhage.
- Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, alcohol, and other substances that affect blood glucose levels may alter the effect of sodium heparin on carbohydrate metabolism and cause hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Before using heparin sodium, check with your doctor about the possibility of interactions with other drugs and substances that you are taking or plan to take. In the event of unexpected reactions or changes in the effect of drugs, you should immediately inform your doctor.
Conclusion
Heparin is a direct acting anticoagulant used to prevent and treat thrombosis and embolism. This medicine has a number of side effects such as bleeding, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis, allergic reactions, local reactions. To minimize side effects, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosing regimen, monitor blood clotting indicators and regularly conduct blood tests. You should also avoid injury, alcohol, caffeine, and other foods or supplements that can interfere with blood clotting.
Before using heparin sodium, it is necessary to check with the doctor about the possibility of interaction with other drugs and substances. Sodium heparin has several analogues that differ in composition, form of release, dosage and cost. The choice of drug should be made by the doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient.
We hope you found this article useful and helped you learn more about the side effects of heparin sodium. If you have any questions or comments about this topic, please email us. We will be happy to receive your feedback. Thank you for your attention!
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