What are the common symptoms of herpes stomatitis. How is herpes stomatitis diagnosed and treated. What are the risk factors and complications associated with herpes stomatitis.

Understanding Herpes Stomatitis: An Overview

Herpes stomatitis is a viral infection that causes painful sores and ulcers in the mouth. It’s most commonly caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), particularly HSV-1. This condition primarily affects children, but adults can also be affected. The infection can be uncomfortable and may interfere with eating and drinking.

The hallmark of herpes stomatitis is the appearance of small, painful blisters or sores inside the mouth, on the gums, tongue, or lips. These lesions typically start as small, red spots that develop into blisters, then rupture and form shallow ulcers. In addition to the sores, individuals may experience fever, irritability, and swollen lymph nodes.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Herpes Stomatitis

Identifying the symptoms of herpes stomatitis is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. The most common signs include:

• Painful sores or blisters in the mouth
• Fever
• Swollen gums
• Difficulty eating or drinking
• Irritability, especially in young children
• Drooling (in infants and young children)
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

These symptoms typically appear 3-6 days after exposure to the virus and can last for 7-14 days. In some cases, the initial infection may be more severe and prolonged.

Distinguishing Herpes Stomatitis from Other Mouth Conditions

Herpes stomatitis can be confused with other mouth conditions, such as canker sores or hand, foot, and mouth disease. The key differences lie in the appearance and location of the sores, as well as accompanying symptoms. While canker sores are usually round with a white or yellow center and a red border, herpes stomatitis lesions typically start as small, red spots that blister and then ulcerate.

Causes and Risk Factors of Herpes Stomatitis

Herpes stomatitis is primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), although HSV-2 can also be responsible in some cases. The virus is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected saliva or skin-to-skin contact.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing herpes stomatitis:

• Age: Children between 6 months and 5 years are most susceptible
• Weakened immune system
• Close contact with infected individuals
• Sharing utensils, towels, or other personal items with infected persons
• Stress or fatigue, which can reactivate the virus in those who have had previous infections

Understanding these risk factors can help in preventing the spread of the virus and managing recurrent infections.

Diagnosis and Medical Assessment of Herpes Stomatitis

Diagnosing herpes stomatitis typically involves a thorough physical examination and review of symptoms. In most cases, a healthcare provider can diagnose the condition based on the appearance of the sores and the patient’s medical history. However, in some instances, additional tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.

Diagnostic Procedures

The following diagnostic procedures may be used:

1. Visual examination: The healthcare provider will look for characteristic sores in the mouth and on the lips.
2. Medical history review: Information about recent illnesses, potential exposures, and previous herpes infections can help in diagnosis.
3. Viral culture: A sample from a sore may be taken to test for the presence of the herpes virus.
4. Blood tests: These can detect antibodies to the herpes simplex virus, indicating a current or past infection.
5. PCR test: This highly sensitive test can detect small amounts of viral DNA in a sample.

Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for proper treatment and management of herpes stomatitis.

Treatment Approaches for Herpes Stomatitis

While herpes stomatitis often resolves on its own within 7-14 days, various treatment options can help manage symptoms and speed up recovery. The primary goals of treatment are to relieve pain, prevent dehydration, and reduce the duration of the infection.

Medical Treatments

• Antiviral medications: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir may be prescribed to shorten the duration of symptoms and reduce viral shedding.
• Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain and fever.
• Topical anesthetics: Lidocaine or benzocaine gels can provide temporary relief from mouth pain.

Home Remedies and Supportive Care

In addition to medical treatments, several home remedies can help alleviate symptoms:

• Drinking cool liquids or eating cold foods to soothe sore areas
• Avoiding acidic, salty, or spicy foods that may irritate the sores
• Using a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent further irritation
• Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water to reduce pain and inflammation
• Applying ice or cold compresses to the affected areas

It’s important to maintain good oral hygiene and stay hydrated during the recovery period. For young children, special attention should be given to ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration.

Preventing the Spread of Herpes Stomatitis

Preventing the spread of herpes stomatitis is crucial, especially in settings where children are in close contact. The virus is highly contagious, particularly during the active phase when sores are present. Here are some key prevention strategies:

• Practice good hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the face or mouth.
• Avoid sharing personal items: Do not share utensils, towels, or other personal items with infected individuals.
• Limit physical contact: Avoid kissing or close contact with individuals who have active infections.
• Educate children: Teach children about the importance of not sharing items and maintaining good hygiene.
• Isolate during outbreaks: Keep infected individuals, especially children, at home during active outbreaks to prevent spreading the virus in schools or daycare centers.

By following these preventive measures, the risk of transmission can be significantly reduced. It’s important to note that even after the visible symptoms have cleared, the virus may still be present and contagious for a short period.

Long-term Management and Recurrence of Herpes Stomatitis

For many individuals, herpes stomatitis can be a recurrent condition. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate under certain circumstances. Understanding how to manage recurrent outbreaks and prevent triggers is essential for long-term health.

Managing Recurrent Outbreaks

To effectively manage recurrent outbreaks of herpes stomatitis, consider the following strategies:

• Identify and avoid triggers: Common triggers include stress, fatigue, illness, and exposure to sunlight or cold.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help boost the immune system.
• Use prophylactic medication: In cases of frequent recurrences, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to be taken regularly as a preventive measure.
• Recognize early symptoms: Learning to identify the early signs of an outbreak can help in starting treatment promptly.
• Manage stress: Stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga may help prevent outbreaks.

It’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized management plan for recurrent herpes stomatitis.

Complications and When to Seek Medical Attention

While herpes stomatitis is generally a self-limiting condition, complications can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. It’s crucial to be aware of potential complications and know when to seek medical attention.

Potential Complications

• Dehydration: Particularly in young children who may refuse to eat or drink due to pain
• Secondary bacterial infections: Open sores can become infected with bacteria
• Spread of infection: The virus can spread to other parts of the body, such as the eyes or fingers
• Herpetic whitlow: A painful infection of the fingers caused by the herpes virus
• Encephalitis: A rare but serious complication involving inflammation of the brain

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult a healthcare provider if you or your child experience any of the following:

• Symptoms lasting longer than two weeks
• Difficulty drinking or signs of dehydration
• High fever that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter medications
• Severe pain that interferes with eating or drinking
• Sores that spread to other parts of the body
• Frequent recurrences of herpes stomatitis

Prompt medical attention can help prevent complications and ensure proper management of the condition.

Research and Future Perspectives in Herpes Stomatitis Treatment

The field of herpes stomatitis research is continually evolving, with ongoing efforts to develop more effective treatments and potential vaccines. Current research focuses on several key areas:

Advancements in Antiviral Therapies

Researchers are working on developing new antiviral medications that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Some promising areas include:

• Novel drug delivery systems for improved efficacy of existing antivirals
• Combination therapies that target different stages of the viral lifecycle
• Development of drugs that can effectively clear latent viral infections

Vaccine Development

While there is currently no vaccine available for herpes simplex virus, several candidates are in various stages of clinical trials. These potential vaccines aim to:

• Prevent initial infection with the herpes virus
• Reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent outbreaks
• Decrease viral shedding and transmission

Immunomodulatory Approaches

Research is also focusing on ways to boost the body’s immune response to the herpes virus. This includes:

• Developing therapies that enhance natural killer cell activity against infected cells
• Exploring the use of immunomodulatory drugs to suppress viral reactivation
• Investigating the role of the microbiome in herpes infections and potential probiotic treatments

These ongoing research efforts hold promise for improved management and potential prevention of herpes stomatitis in the future. As new treatments become available, they may significantly impact the way this condition is managed, potentially reducing its prevalence and improving quality of life for affected individuals.

In conclusion, herpes stomatitis remains a common and often challenging condition, particularly in young children. However, with proper understanding, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate management, its impact can be minimized. As research continues to advance, we can look forward to more effective treatments and possibly even preventive measures in the coming years. In the meantime, maintaining good hygiene practices and being aware of the symptoms and management strategies can help individuals and families effectively cope with this viral infection.

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Antike botanische Pflanzendarstellung: Capnoides crystallinum, Vesicular Corydalis

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Mund ulce

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Nahaufnahme einer ulzerativen Stomatitis am Zahnfleisch….

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Junger Mann mit Zahnschmerzen

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Nahmaul des asiatischen Mannes mit aphthöser Stomatitis

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Eine Frau hält ihre Hände an ein schmerzendes Kiefergelenk,. ..

Eine Frau hält ihre Hände an ein schmerzendes Kiefergelenk, Funktionsstörungen und Schmerzen, ausgerenkter Kiefer, Probleme der Weisheitszähne

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Mundgeschwüre und andere Ursachen

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Die Frau zeigt das Bild von Zungenproblemen

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Nahaufnahme von Stomatitis in Mund

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Canker wunde auf Frau Oberlippe

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Aphten an Frau Unterlippe

Aphtha an der Unterlippe der Frau als medizinisches Unbehagen oder weibliches Stomatitis-Konzept

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Akne auf der Lasche

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Überprüfung Mund

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Vor und nach einer erfolgreichen Laser-Rosacea-Entfernung

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Mann, der in seiner Verzweiflung unter Zahnschmerzen leidet,. ..

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Isolierte vulkanischem basalt lava mit Blasen rock auf Weiß

Basaltlava aus Island mit Blasen

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Darstellung einer schmutzigen Zunge (Zungenbeschichtung)

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Bimsstein, vulkanischer Bimsstein für Spa in der Hand isoliert…

exterpation eines erkrankten zahnes bei einer katze in einer tierklinik. während die katze unter narkose schläft, entfernt der tierarzt den beschädigten zahn. das konzept der veterinärzahnheilkunde. – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

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gefäßsystem anatomie 1886 gravur – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Gefäßsystem Anatomie 1886 Gravur

Ein Lehrbuch der Anatomie mit bloßem Auge

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Professioneller Tierarzt, der die Zähne der Katze in der Klinik…

Professioneller Tierarzt, der Katzenzähne in der Klinik untersucht. Die Katze hat kranke Zähne und Zahnfleisch

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Werfen Sie Bimsstein in den Mülleimer, vulkanischen Bimsstein in…

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Zahnpasta und Zahnbürste Draufsicht mit Kopierraum auf farbigem. ..

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Fucus alguae Makro

Detail in Fucus-Algen in der Gezeitenzone eines nördlichen Strandes

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Frau mit schmerzhaften Zahnschmerzen und Haltewange….

orale candidiasis. orale soor hefe-infektion. – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

orale Candidiasis. orale Soor Hefe-Infektion.

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Trockene, rissige und dehydrierte Oberlippe des asiatischen…

porös stein textur – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Porös Stein Textur

der tierarzt reinigt die zähne einer katze unter narkose im licht einer op-lampe. die katze schläft unter narkose, während der arzt zahnstein von ihren zähnen entfernt. mundhygienekonzept für haustiere. – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Der Tierarzt reinigt die Zähne einer Katze unter Narkose im…

ein tierarzt mit handschuhen entfernt einem hund einen schlechten zahn. durchführung einer hygienischen reinigung der zähne des hundes und entfernung von erkrankten zähnen. gesundheitskonzept für hundezähne. – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Ein Tierarzt mit Handschuhen entfernt einem Hund einen…

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junge frau, die unter zahnschmerzen leidet und wange hält….

lippen einer frau mit stomatitis – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Lippen einer Frau mit Stomatitis

stomatitis, mundgeschwür, entzündung der mundschleimhaut, bild-darstellung – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Stomatitis, Mundgeschwür, Entzündung der Mundschleimhaut, Bild-Dar

frau zeigt eine kranke zunge mit zahnspuren und einer weißen plaque in nahaufnahme. – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Frau zeigt eine kranke Zunge mit Zahnspuren und einer weißen…

herpesvirus-ausschlag auf den lippen, labialwunden, entzündung hautgesicht, stomatitis mundlinie symbol. blase, geschwür, rote akne, gesichtsallergiereaktion. orale infektionskrankheit medizinische behandlung. hautpflege-vektor – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Herpesvirus-Ausschlag auf den Lippen, Labialwunden, Entzündung…

Herpesvirus-Ausschlag auf den Lippen, labiale Wunde, Entzündung Haut Gesicht, Stomatitis auf Frau Mundlinie Icon Set. Blase, Geschwür, rote Akne. Reizung, Rötung Gesichtsallergiereaktion. Orale Infektion, Pilzkrankheit. Dermatologisches Hautpflegeproblem. Antivirale medizinische Behandlung. Konturvektor

frauen berühren lippen sprue, symptome der stomatitis. gesundheit medizinische symbol illustration cartoon vektor – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Frauen berühren Lippen Sprue, Symptome der Stomatitis. …

vergleich zwischen kosten und sicherheit, idee und konzept, investitionsfinanzierung, 3d-rendering – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Vergleich zwischen Kosten und Sicherheit, Idee und Konzept,…

bimsstein, ein vulkanisches gestein, das als aquarienfilter verwendet werden kann – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Bimsstein, ein vulkanisches Gestein, das als Aquarienfilter…

herpes auf den lippen der jungen frau. aufschließen – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Herpes auf den Lippen der jungen Frau. Aufschließen

herpes auf den lippen der jungen frau. aufschließen – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Herpes auf den Lippen der jungen Frau. Aufschließen

vektorillustration eines charakters mit zungengeschwüren. nicht heilende wunden in der mundhöhle. ein mann hält sein gesicht mit der hand wegen schmerzen im mund. symptome von stomatitis, tuberkulose. – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Vektorillustration eines Charakters mit Zungengeschwüren. Nicht…

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Ein junger Mann streut Nahaufnahme Spray in den Mund

wunde an der lippe des kindes und abschälen der haut – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Wunde an der Lippe des Kindes und Abschälen der Haut

illustration einer zunge mit stomatitis – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Illustration einer Zunge mit Stomatitis

nahaufnahme von mundgeschwüren – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme von Mundgeschwüren

zahnfleischentzündung, schmerzen. zahnerkrankungen, abszess, blutungskonzept – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Zahnfleischentzündung, Schmerzen. Zahnerkrankungen, Abszess,…

vektorillustration eines mannes mit geschwüren auf der zunge. nicht heilende wunden in der mundhöhle. ein mann hält sein gesicht mit der hand wegen schmerzen in seinem mund. symptome von stomatitis, tuberkulose. – stomatitis stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Vektorillustration eines Mannes mit Geschwüren auf der Zunge. …

ein tierarzt reinigt die zähne von zahnstein bei einem hund in einer tierklinik. ein hund mit stomatitis unter narkose unterzieht sich der entfernung von zahnstein. das konzept der hygiene der mundhöhle bei einem hund. – stomatitis stock-fotos und bilder

Ein Tierarzt reinigt die Zähne von Zahnstein bei einem Hund in…

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Illustration einer Zunge mit Stomatitis

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Herpetic stomatitis Information | Mount Sinai

Stomatitis – herpetic; Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Herpetic stomatitis is a viral infection of the mouth that causes sores and ulcers. These mouth ulcers are not the same as canker sores, which are not caused by a virus.

Abnormally enlarged, bulging, protruding, or swollen gums are a possible indication of disease.

Causes

Herpetic stomatitis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), or oral herpes. Young children commonly get it when they are first exposed to HSV. The first outbreak is usually the most severe. HSV can easily be spread from one child to another.

If you or another adult in the family has a cold sore, it could have spread to your child and caused herpetic stomatitis. More likely, you won’t know how your child became infected.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Blisters in the mouth, often on the tongue, cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, and on the border between the inside of the lip and the skin next to it
• After blisters pop, they form ulcers in the mouth, often on the tongue or cheeks
• Difficulty swallowing
• Drooling
• Fever, often as high as 104°F (40°C), which may occur 1 to 2 days before blisters and ulcers appear
• Irritability
• Mouth pain
• Swollen gums

Symptoms may be so uncomfortable that your child doesn’t want to eat or drink.

Exams and Tests

Your child’s health care provider can most often diagnose this condition by looking at your child’s mouth sores.

Sometimes, special laboratory tests can help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Your child’s provider may prescribe:

• Acyclovir, a medicine your child takes that fights the virus causing the infection
• Numbing medicine (viscous lidocaine), which you can apply to your child’s mouth to ease severe pain

Use lidocaine with care, because it can numb all feeling in your child’s mouth. This can make it hard for your child to swallow, and may lead to burns in the mouth or throat from eating hot foods, or cause choking.

There are several things you can do at home to help your child feel better:

• Give your child cool, noncarbonated, nonacidic drinks, such as water, milk shakes, or diluted apple juice. Dehydration can occur quickly in children, so make sure your child is getting enough fluids.
• Offer cool, bland, easy-to-swallow foods such as frozen pops, ice cream, mashed potatoes, gelatin, or applesauce.
• Give your child acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain. (Never give aspirin to a child under age 2. It can cause Reye syndrome, a rare, but serious illness.)
• Bad breath and a coated tongue are common side effects. Gently brush your child’s teeth every day.
• Make sure your child gets plenty of sleep and rests as much as possible.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Your child should recover completely within 10 days without treatment. Acyclovir may speed up your child’s recovery.

Your child will have the herpes virus for life. In most people, the virus stays inactive in their body. If the virus wakes up again, it most often causes a cold sore on the mouth. Sometimes, it can affect the inside of the mouth, but it won’t be as severe as the first episode.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if your child develops a fever followed by a sore mouth, and your child stops eating and drinking. Your child can quickly become dehydrated.

If the herpes infection spreads to the eye, it is an emergency and can lead to blindness. Contact your doctor right away.

Prevention

About 90% of the population carries HSV. There’s little you can do to prevent your child from picking up the virus sometime during childhood.

Your child should avoid all close contact with people who have cold sores. So if you get a cold sore, explain why you can’t kiss your child until the sore is gone. Your child should also avoid other children with herpetic stomatitis.

If your child has herpetic stomatitis, avoid spreading the virus to other children. While your child has symptoms:

• Have your child wash their hands often.
• Keep toys clean and don’t share them with other children.
• Don’t allow children to share dishes, cups, or eating utensils.
• Don’t let your child kiss other children.

Dhar V. Common lesions of the oral soft tissues. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 341.

Kimberlin DW, Prober CG. Herpes simplex virus. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 204.

Martin B, Baumhardt H, D’Alesio A, Woods K. Oral disorders. In: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli and Davis’ Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 21.

Last reviewed on: 8/10/2021

Reviewed by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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Aksenova Irina Anatolyevna

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Arkhipova Anastasia Mikhailovna

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Ekaterina Afonina

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Herpes stomatitis treatment – BLOG pediatric dentistry UtkinZub

You probably know that more than 90% (and according to some reports, all 98%) of the population of our planet are carriers of the herpes virus. Most people live their lives without realizing it, for some, the presence of herpes is manifested only by watery, quickly passing, sores on the lips with a cold.

But for some, this malignant virus can bring a lot of trouble – genital herpes, herpes zoster, post-herpetic neuralgia and herpes stomatitis, which also occurs in children. Children under 3 years of age are more likely to get sick, and acute herpetic stomatitis in children . This is a rather serious disease that requires immediate medical intervention, as it is difficult, accompanied by a strong temperature – up to 40 °, which is dangerous for young children due to possible convulsions and other complications.

Manifestations of herpes stomatitis

Parents are interested in how herpes manifests in the mouth, how to distinguish it from other inflammatory diseases and how to treat viral stomatitis . The disease begins with a catarrhal period, when bright red spots appear on the gums, the inside of the cheeks and lips, giving the child obvious discomfort, because they itch and tingle. If older children immediately draw the attention of their parents to this pathology, then the kids simply become irritable, whiny, and stop eating. In children, the temperature rises almost immediately, so often the onset of herpes stomatitis is mistaken for a sore throat or SARS and they miss the moment of starting treatment of stomatitis. A day later, whitish bubbles appear in place of the spots, which, bursting, turn into sores, which are very painful for the baby. At the same time, an increase in lymph nodes is often observed, there may be vomiting, dyspeptic phenomena – diarrhea, rumbling in the abdomen.

Treatment of herpes stomatitis

Acute herpes stomatitis almost always requires hospitalization of the child. If the course of the disease is mild, not accompanied by fever, and other complications that only a doctor can determine, treatment at home is possible. At the same time, the sick child should be isolated from other family members as much as possible so as not to infect them. If a diagnosis of herpetic stomatitis in children is established, treatment is has some features than with other types of stomatitis. Firstly, this is a local treatment – rinsing with antiseptic solutions (to prevent secondary infection of erosions) with a solution of pimafucin, decoctions of sage or chamomile. Children over 1 year old can be treated with propolis in their mouths, which gives very good results.

How to quickly cure stomatitis in a child under 1 year old – in the article “Treatment of stomatitis in infants”. In any case, a course of acyclovir (zovirax) will be prescribed to lubricate the gums and tongue, for older children it can be in the form of tablets, after which keratoplasty is prescribed – substances that actively restore damaged oral mucosa – vitamin A, sea buckthorn or rosehip oil, Vinylin ointment . So that the baby can eat – before eating, you can lubricate the sore spots with Baby Doctor ointment, Kalgel, etc. as prescribed by the doctor. In parallel, a course of vitamins and immunomodulators is prescribed to increase immunity. If herpes stomatitis is detected on time and appropriate treatment is prescribed, it is completely cured (but the herpes virus remains in the body forever).