What is a homocysteine test? How are homocysteine levels interpreted? What factors can affect homocysteine levels? Get answers to your questions about this important health test.

Understanding Homocysteine Levels

Homocysteine is an amino acid produced naturally in the body as a byproduct of protein metabolism. Normally, homocysteine levels are kept low thanks to the action of certain B vitamins, such as vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate (vitamin B9), which help break down and convert homocysteine into other compounds.

However, when these B vitamin levels are insufficient, homocysteine can build up in the bloodstream. Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of various health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, and blood clots.

Homocysteine Reference Ranges

The normal range for homocysteine levels can vary slightly between laboratories, but generally falls within the following guidelines:

• Adults: 5-15 micromoles per liter (μmol/L)
• Children: 4-10 μmol/L

It’s important to note that homocysteine levels can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and certain medical conditions. For example, homocysteine levels tend to increase with age, and men typically have higher levels than women.

Interpreting Homocysteine Test Results

So what do the results of a homocysteine test mean? Here’s a breakdown:

• Normal levels: Indicates adequate levels of B vitamins and a low risk of associated health problems.
• Elevated levels: May suggest a deficiency in B vitamins, or an increased risk of conditions like heart disease, stroke, and blood clots.
• Very high levels: Could signal a rare genetic disorder called homocystinuria, which requires specialized treatment.

If your homocysteine levels are high, your healthcare provider may recommend additional testing to check your levels of B vitamins and rule out any underlying medical conditions.

Collecting a Homocysteine Sample

A homocysteine test is typically performed using a blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm. In most cases, you’ll be asked to fast for 8-12 hours prior to the test, as certain foods and supplements can temporarily affect homocysteine levels.

It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you’re taking, as some can also impact homocysteine test results.

Homocysteine Testing Panels

Homocysteine is often measured as part of a broader panel of tests that assess cardiovascular health and nutrient status. Some common homocysteine testing panels include:

1. Lipid panel: Measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels, along with homocysteine.
2. Vitamin B panel: Evaluates levels of B vitamins, including B12, B6, and folate, which are involved in homocysteine metabolism.
3. Methylation panel: Assesses the body’s methylation processes, which can be affected by elevated homocysteine.

Your healthcare provider will determine which panel is most appropriate based on your individual health concerns and risk factors.

Factors that Influence Homocysteine Levels

In addition to B vitamin deficiencies, several other factors can contribute to elevated homocysteine levels, including:

• Older age
• Kidney disease
• Hypothyroidism
• Certain medications, such as methotrexate and levodopa
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Addressing these underlying factors, along with ensuring adequate B vitamin intake, can help to normalize homocysteine levels and reduce associated health risks.

The Importance of Homocysteine Testing

While routine homocysteine screening is not currently recommended for everyone, this test can be a valuable tool in certain situations. Healthcare providers may order a homocysteine test to:

• Identify B vitamin deficiencies
• Diagnose or monitor a rare genetic condition called homocystinuria
• Assess cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with other risk factors
• Investigate the underlying cause of conditions like dementia or osteoporosis

By understanding your homocysteine levels and any associated risk factors, you and your healthcare provider can take proactive steps to maintain your overall health and well-being.

Homocysteine Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

What is a homocysteine test?

A homocysteine test measures the amount of homocysteine in a sample of your blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid. Amino acids are molecules that your body uses to make proteins.

Normally, your homocysteine levels are low. That’s because your body uses vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folic acid (also called folate or vitamin B9) to quickly break down homocysteine and change it into other substances that your body needs. High levels of homocysteine in your blood may be a sign that this process isn’t working properly or that you’re lacking certain B vitamins.

High levels of homocysteine can damage the inside of your arteries and increase your risk of forming blood clots. This may increase your risk for heart attack, stroke, and other heart diseases and blood vessel disorders.

Other names: total homocysteine, plasma total homocysteine

What is it used for?

A homocysteine test may be used to:

• Find out if you’re lacking vitamin B6, B12, or folic acid. These vitamins break down homocysteine. So if you don’t have enough of them, your homocysteine levels will increase. A homocysteine test may be done with a blood test to measure your vitamin B levels.
• Help diagnose homocystinuria. Homocystinuria is a rare, genetic disease that prevents your body from using a certain amino acid to make important proteins. Symptoms usually show up in the first year of life, but they may not appear until childhood or later. Common symptoms include problems with eyesight, blood clots, and weak bones. In the U.S., most newborns have a routine screening test to check for homocystinuria.
• Better understand your risk for heart attack or stroke if you already have an increased risk. Your health care provider may order a homocysteine test if you have been diagnosed with heart or blood vessel disease or if you have conditions that increase your risk for heart and blood vessel disease, such as:
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes

Medical experts don’t recommend routine homocysteine testing to screen for heart disease risk in everyone. That’s because researchers aren’t sure how much homocysteine levels affect heart and blood vessel diseases. And so far, studies have shown that lowering homocysteine levels doesn’t reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Why do I need a homocysteine test?

You may need this test if you have symptoms that suggest you lack vitamin B12 or folic acid. The symptoms may be very mild to severe and may include:

• Dizziness
• Fatigue and/or weakness
• Headache
• Heart palpitations (racing or pounding heart)
• Changes in the color of your skin or fingernails
• Sores on your tongue or in your mouth
• Tingling or numbness in your hands, feet, arms, and/or legs

Your provider may order this test if you have a high risk for low levels of vitamin B12 or folic acid because you:

• Have malnutrition.
• Are an older adult. Older people often can’t absorb enough vitamin B12 from food.
• Have alcohol use disorder or a drug addiction.

Your provider may recommend this test if you:

• Have had a heart attack or stroke
• Have one or more conditions that increase your risk for heart attack or stroke, such as high LDL “bad” cholesterol or high blood pressure

What happens during a homocysteine test?

A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.

Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?

You may need to fast (not eat or drink) for 8–12 hours before a homocysteine test. Some medicines and supplements may affect your test results. So, tell your provider about all medicines and supplements you take, especially vitamin B. But never stop taking any medicines unless your provider tells you to.

Are there any risks to the test?

There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.

What do the results mean?

A high homocysteine level may be a sign that:

• You are not getting enough vitamin B12 or folic acid in your diet.
• You (or your child) have homocystinuria. You will probably need more testing to rule out or confirm a diagnosis of homocystinuria.
• You may have a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, or other blood vessel disorders.

Higher than normal homocysteine levels may also happen with other conditions, such as osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, or Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia.

If your homocysteine levels are high, it doesn’t always mean you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Your results may be affected by:

• Your age. Homocysteine levels may get higher as you get older.
• Your sex. Males usually have higher homocysteine levels than females, but levels in females increase after menopause.
• Smoking

If you have questions about your results, talk with your provider.

Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.

Is there anything else I need to know about a homocysteine blood test?

If you have high homocysteine levels, your provider may suggest that you make changes in the foods you eat. Eating a balanced diet can help you get the right amount of vitamins. If you’re considering taking vitamin supplements, talk with your provider first. Research has not shown that reducing homocysteine levels can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

References

1. Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Diagnostics & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2022.Homocysteine; [reviewed 2021 May 7; cited 2022 June 15]; [about 10 screens]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21527-homocysteine
2. Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Diagnostics & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2022. Homocysteine Test; [reviewed 2022 Feb 2; cited 2022 June 15]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22393-homocysteine-test
3. Mayo Clinic: Mayo Medical Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2022. Test ID: HCYSS: Homocysteine, Total, Serum: Clinical and Interpretative; [cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/35836#Clinical-and-Interpretive
4. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Homocystinuria; [reviewed 2021 Dec; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/hereditary-metabolic-disorders/homocystinuria
5. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center [Internet]. Gaithersburg (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Homocystinuria; [updated 2021 Nov 8; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10770/homocystinuria
6. National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Vitamin B12: Fact Sheet for Consumers [updated 2021 Jul 7; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 10 screens]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/#h6
7. National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Folate: Fact Sheet for Consumers [updated 2021 Mar 22; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-Consumer/#h6
8. Son P, Lewis L. Hyperhomocysteinemia. [Updated 2022 May 8; cited 2022 Jun 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554408/
9. Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA).: OneCare Media; c2022. Homocysteine; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: https://www.testing.com/tests/homocysteine/
10. University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2022. Health Encyclopedia: Homocysteine; [cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167& ontented=homocysteine
11. UW Health [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority; c2022. Homocysteine [updated 2021 Dec 27; cited 2022 Jun 15]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: https://patient.uwhealth.org/healthwise/article/en-us/tu2008

High Homocysteine Levels (Hyperhomocysteinemia)

High Homocysteine Levels (Hyperhomocysteinemia)

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Medically reviewed by Suzanne Falck, M. D., FACP — By Kiara Anthony — Updated on September 18, 2018

What does it mean to have high homocysteine levels?

Homocysteine is an amino acid produced when proteins are broken down. A high homocysteine level, also called hyperhomocysteinemia, can contribute to arterial damage and blood clots in your blood vessels.

High homocysteine levels usually indicate a deficiency in vitamin B-12 or folate.

A normal level of homocysteine in the blood is less than 15 micromoles per liter (mcmol/L) of blood. Higher levels of homocysteine are split into three main categories:

• Moderate: 15-30 mcmol/L
• Intermediate: 30-100 mcmol/L
• Severe: greater than 100 mcmol/L

Hyperhomocysteinemia itself usually does not cause any symptoms in adults, though it can in children. Symptoms can also vary from one person to the next and be subtle.

Doctors may order a homocysteine test if they suspect you have a vitamin deficiency, and if you begin exhibiting symptoms of a vitamin deficiency.

Symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency include:

• pale skin
• weakness
• fatigue
• tingling sensations (like pins and needles) in the hands, arms, legs, or feet
• dizziness
• mouth sores
• mood changes

Symptoms of a folate deficiency are often subtle and are similar to those of a B-12 deficiency. These include:

• fatigue
• mouth sores
• tongue swelling
• growth problems

Symptoms of vitamin deficiency anemia overlap with those of B-12 and folate deficiencies, also causing additional symptoms:

• fatigue
• muscle weakness and unsteady movements
• pale or yellowish skin
• personality changes
• shortness of breath or dizziness
• irregular heartbeat
• numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• mental confusion or forgetfulness
• weight loss

Many factors contribute to high homocysteine levels. If you have a folate or B vitamin deficiency, you may develop hyperhomocysteinemia.

Other risk factors include:

• low thyroid hormone levels
• psoriasis
• kidney disease
• certain medications
• genetics

If you test positive for elevated homocysteine levels, you could be at an increased risk of developing a number of health issues. Some common conditions associated with high homocysteine are:

• osteoporosis, or bone thinning
• atherosclerosis, or a buildup of fats and other substances in the arterial walls
• thrombosis, a blood vessel blood clot
• venous thrombosis, a blood clot in the veins
• heart attack
• coronary artery disease
• stroke
• dementia
• Alzheimer’s disease

Your doctor can perform a simple blood test to measure how much is in your bloodstream. This can also detect if you’ve developed a vitamin deficiency or identify the cause of unexplained blood clots.

Your doctor may require you to fast a few hours before the test. Certain medications or vitamin supplements can affect your results. Talk to your doctor about any medications you’ve been taking prior to this test.

Results are usually available within 24 hours.

Once diagnosed, you may have to change your diet to lower your homocysteine levels. If you have a vitamin deficiency, you can increase your vitamin B intake and folic acid by eating folate-rich foods such as green vegetables, orange juice, and beans.

In some cases, doctors may prescribe daily vitamin supplements.

Once you begin treatment, you should have your homocysteine levels rechecked within two months. If your homocysteine levels are still high after taking these supplements, your doctor may prescribe medications with higher levels of folic acid and vitamin B.

If you have developed hyperhomocysteinemia as a symptom from other health conditions, treatment will focus on the underlying condition.

While it’s possible to lower high homocysteine levels, there’s not enough research to determine whether treatment can prevent associated diseases.

If diagnosed with hyperhomocysteinemia, discuss your treatment options with your doctor. Proper treatment and some lifestyle changes can help to ensure a higher quality of life.

Last medically reviewed on January 2, 2018

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Akhabue E, et al. (2014). New and emerging risk factors for coronary heart disease. DOI:
  dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31828aab45
• American Academy of Family Physicians. (2014). High homocysteine level: How it affects your blood vessels.
  familydoctor.org/high-homocysteine-level-how-it-affects-your-blood-vessels/
• American Association for Clinical Chemistry. (2014). Homocysteine.
  labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/homocysteine/tab/test/
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016). Vitamin deficiency anemia.
  mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025
• Pizzorno J. (2014). Homocysteine: Friend or foe?
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4566450/
• University of Rochester Medical Center. (n.d.). Homocysteine.
  urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=homocysteine
• Varga EA, et al. (2005). Homocysteine and MTHFR mutations. DOI:
  doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000165142.37711.E7

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Medically reviewed by Suzanne Falck, M.D., FACP — By Kiara Anthony — Updated on September 18, 2018

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Homocysteine ​​

Homocysteine ​​is a sulfur-containing amino acid in blood plasma. High levels of homocysteine ​​increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoporosis.

Synonyms Russian

Sulfur-containing amino acid, a metabolic product of methionine.

Synonyms English

Homocysteine, plasma total homocysteine.

Test method

Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA).

Detection range: 1 – 500 µmol/L (Architect i2000SR analyzer, Abbott Diagnostics).

Units

µmol/l (micromoles per litre).

What biomaterial can be used for research?

Venous blood.

How to properly prepare for an examination?

1. Eliminate fatty foods from the diet the day before the study.
2. Do not eat within 8 hours before the study, you can drink pure non-carbonated water.
3. Do not smoke for 30 minutes before the test.

More about the study

Homocysteine ​​is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is a metabolic product of the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Homocysteine ​​is usually found in the cells of the body in very small concentrations. Methionine is one of the eleven essential amino acids, that is, those that are not formed in the body and enter it only with food. In healthy cells, homocysteine ​​is rapidly transformed into its metabolic products.

Further metabolism of homocysteine ​​requires vitamins B ₆ , B ₁₂ and folic acid. In deficient patients, homocysteine ​​levels may be elevated.

Excess homocysteine ​​is dangerous for the development of atherosclerosis due to damage to the walls of blood vessels and the formation of blood clots, although there is no direct connection between these two events. The feasibility of using homocysteine ​​levels to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke is doubtful, since, according to clinical studies, the introduction of folic acid and B vitamins into the bodies of patients did not reduce the number of cardiovascular diseases among them. .

Homocysteine ​​levels in the blood and urine can rise sharply in homocysteinuria, a rare hereditary disease. It causes changes in one or more genes. In a person suffering from homocysteinuria, a defective enzyme is formed that does not allow the breakdown of methionine. Because of this, homocysteine ​​and methionine accumulate in the body. A child born with homocysteinuria looks healthy for the first time after birth, but after a few years he shows signs of the disease: the eye lenses are displaced, the child becomes tall and thin, and his fingers are long and thin, he begins to suffer from skeletal anomalies, osteoporosis, in addition to In addition, it greatly increases the risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, which can lead to early cardiovascular disease. Further development of the disease threatens with mental retardation, behavioral disorders and epilepsy.

What is research used for?

• For the diagnosis of homocysteinuria, in particular if there is a suspicion that the child has a hereditary predisposition to the disease.
• For some conditions in newborns, testing is done as part of the infant screening. If a sample taken from a child gives a positive result for the presence of the disease, then a blood and urine test for homocysteine ​​is prescribed to confirm the diagnosis.
• For screening patients at high risk of heart attack and stroke.
• To screen patients with a family history of coronary artery disease.

When is the test ordered?

• If there is a suspicion of vitamin B ₁₂ and folic acid deficiency in those who are malnourished, in the elderly (they usually have a slow absorption of vitamin B ₁₂ from food), and in people dependent on alcohol and drugs .
• When it is likely that a child (adolescent) may develop homocysteinuria.
• If a heart attack or stroke happened without a predisposition to these diseases.
• When examining for the presence of cardiovascular disease.

What do the results mean?

Reference values ​​

• Homocysteine ​​levels may be elevated with malnutrition or with a lack of vitamin B ₁₂ and folic acid. In this case, the body cannot convert homocysteine ​​into substances that the body can absorb, so the level of homocysteine ​​in the blood rises.
• A severely elevated homocysteine ​​level in a newborn indicates a greater likelihood that the child has homocysteinuria, so further testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Blood test for homocysteine: description, norm, price CMD laboratory in Moscow. Call: 8 (495) 120-13-12

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Biomaterial

For this study, the laboratory accepts the following biomaterial:

• Plasma (homocysteine)

Preparation for the study

Preparation conditions are determined by the attending physician.

Biomaterial sampling is recommended:

• On an empty stomach (at least 8 and not more than 14 hours of fasting), it is allowed to drink non-carbonated water;
• in the morning, unless otherwise specified by the attending physician;
• on the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude sports training, emotional overstrain and food overload;
• immediately before taking blood, the patient should be at rest for at least 10 – 15 minutes;
• to monitor the effectiveness of therapy, the sampling procedure should be carried out at the same time of day;
• taking drugs on the eve or on the day of the study must be agreed with the attending physician.

Attention! Taking the following drugs may affect the result of the study. Cancellation of medication should be agreed with the attending physician.

Drugs: S-adenosylmethionine, methotrexate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, NO-containing drugs, anticonvulsants, 6-azauridine triacetate.

Examination method

• IHLA

Homocysteine ​​- an amino acid that does not come from food, is formed during the metabolism of methionine, can be converted back to methionine. An extremely high level of homocysteine ​​in the blood (10 times higher than that in the population of healthy individuals) is observed in patients with homocysteinuria, a hereditary autosomal recessive disease. Lack of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12, genetic defects in folate cycle enzymes can lead to secondary hyperhomocysteinemia.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolic complications, development of atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Homocysteine ​​and pregnancy. With the development of hyperhomocysteinemia during pregnancy, microthrombosis and microcirculation disorders are noted, which leads to a number of obstetric and neonatal complications: fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, miscarriage, preeclampsia.

Analysis: homocysteine ​​during pregnancy. When examining pregnant women, it is advisable to prescribe an analysis for homocysteine ​​together with studies of the hemostasis system (hemostasiological studies), determination of the concentrations of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

To determine the causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, it is advisable to conduct genetic studies by PCR: Code 180016. Detection of polymorphisms in genes associated with the folate cycle. Study of polymorphisms in genes: MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, A222V, C>T), rs1801133 MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, E429A , A>C), rs1801131 MTR (methionine synthase, D919G, A>G), rs1805087 MTRR (methionine synthase reductase, I22M, A>G), rs1801394 SLC19A1 (folate transporter, h37R, A>G), rs1051266.

Indications for the study:

• Assessment of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
• Assessment of the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis.
• Pregnancy.
• Senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Reference values ​​(standard version):

Homocysteine ​​measuring range 2 – 50 µmol/l. For values ​​greater than 50 µmol/L, the exact concentrations are not reported, the result will be “>50”.

Code:

060109

can be taken at home

Price:

When ordering several services at a time, the service for collecting biomaterial is paid only once.

1990
R.

• + 220 rub. Drawing blood

cheaper as part of a complex

Deadline:

The specified period does not include the day of taking the biomaterial.

1 k.d.

results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

As part of the complex is cheaper than

Premium class (for women 30+) – I

Code:

300142

Deadline:

15-22 k.d.

Price:
25 270 rubles

Premium class (for men 30+)

Code:

300144

Deadline:

15-22 k. d.

Price:
22 830 rubles

Order

with this analysis

Complete blood count + ESR with leukocyte formula (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes), venous blood

• results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

Code:

110006

Deadline:

1 k.d.

Price:
755 rubles

Total protein (Protein total)

• results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

Code:

0

Deadline:

1 k. d.

Price:
320 r.

Bilirubin total (Bilirubin total)

• results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

Code:

0

Deadline:

1 k.d.

Price:
330 r.

Alanine aminotransferase (Alanine aminotransferase)

• results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

Code:

0

Deadline:

1 k. d.

Price:
315 r.

Aspartate aminotransferase (Aspartate aminotransferase)

• results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

Code:

0

Deadline:

1 k.d.

Price:
315 r.

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On this page you can find out the cost of the analysis “Homocysteine ​​(Homocysteine)” in Moscow, read the description of the study, the preparation and interpretation of the results. The cost of the analysis, the deadline for completion and the cost of taking biomaterial in different cities may differ.