How do healthcare professionals diagnose yeast infections. What are the common symptoms of vaginitis. How is bacterial vaginosis different from a yeast infection. What treatment options are available for various types of vaginitis. How can you prevent recurring vaginal infections. What steps should you take if you suspect a yeast infection.

Understanding Vaginitis: Types, Symptoms, and Causes

Vaginitis is a common condition affecting many women at some point in their lives. It encompasses various vaginal infections, including yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis. To effectively manage and treat vaginitis, it’s crucial to understand its different types, symptoms, and underlying causes.

What is a Yeast Infection?

A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a type of vaginitis caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans. This fungus naturally exists in the vagina, but when its balance is disrupted, it can lead to uncomfortable symptoms.

• Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Thick, white, odorless discharge resembling cottage cheese

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another common form of vaginitis. It occurs when the balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of certain bacteria.

• Thin, gray, white, or green vaginal discharge
• Fishy odor, particularly after sexual intercourse
• Burning during urination
• Itching around the outside of the vagina

Diagnostic Procedures for Yeast Infections and Vaginitis

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of vaginitis. Healthcare providers employ various methods to determine the specific cause of vaginal symptoms.

Physical Examination and Medical History

The first step in diagnosing vaginitis typically involves a thorough physical examination and discussion of your medical history. Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, recent sexual activity, and any medications you’re taking.

Vaginal Discharge Sample Analysis

One of the primary diagnostic tools for vaginitis is the examination of a vaginal discharge sample under a microscope. This procedure can help identify the presence of yeast cells, clue cells (indicative of bacterial vaginosis), or Trichomonas vaginalis (the parasite responsible for trichomoniasis).

pH Testing

The pH level of vaginal secretions can provide valuable diagnostic information. A normal vaginal pH is typically between 3.8 and 4.5. An elevated pH might suggest bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis, while a normal pH is more consistent with a yeast infection.

Cultures and Additional Tests

In some cases, particularly if initial tests are inconclusive or symptoms persist despite treatment, your healthcare provider may order additional tests. These might include vaginal cultures or DNA-based tests to identify specific pathogens.

Treatment Options for Vaginitis and Yeast Infections

The treatment for vaginitis depends on its underlying cause. It’s essential to receive a proper diagnosis before starting any treatment regimen.

Antifungal Medications for Yeast Infections

Yeast infections are typically treated with antifungal medications. These can be administered in various forms:

• Over-the-counter creams and suppositories (e.g., Monistat)
• Prescription oral antifungal medications (e.g., fluconazole)
• Prescription vaginal creams or suppositories

Antibiotics for Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is usually treated with antibiotics. Common treatments include:

• Metronidazole (oral or vaginal gel)
• Clindamycin cream
• Tinidazole (oral)

Treatment for Other Forms of Vaginitis

For other types of vaginitis, such as those caused by allergies or irritants, treatment may involve removing the offending substance and using soothing creams or ointments. In cases of estrogen deficiency, hormone replacement therapy might be recommended.

Preventing Recurrent Vaginal Infections

While it’s not always possible to prevent vaginitis, certain practices can help reduce your risk of developing recurrent infections.

Maintain Good Hygiene

Proper hygiene is crucial in preventing vaginal infections. However, it’s important to strike a balance and avoid over-cleansing, which can disrupt the natural vaginal flora.

• Use mild, unscented soap for external cleansing only
• Avoid douching, as it can upset the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
• Change out of wet swimsuits or sweaty clothes promptly

Wear Breathable Underwear

The type of underwear you choose can impact vaginal health. Opt for breathable fabrics that help keep the genital area dry.

• Choose cotton or other natural, breathable fabrics
• Avoid tight-fitting pants or underwear that can trap moisture
• Consider sleeping without underwear to allow better air circulation

Practice Safe Sex

Some forms of vaginitis, such as trichomoniasis, are sexually transmitted. Practicing safe sex can help prevent these infections.

• Use condoms consistently and correctly
• Limit the number of sexual partners
• Get regular STI screenings if you’re sexually active

When to Seek Medical Attention for Vaginal Symptoms

While mild cases of vaginitis can sometimes be managed at home, certain situations warrant professional medical attention.

Persistent or Recurring Symptoms

If your symptoms persist despite over-the-counter treatments or if you experience frequent recurrences of vaginitis, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. This could indicate a resistant infection or an underlying condition that needs addressing.

Unusual or Severe Symptoms

Certain symptoms may indicate a more serious condition and require immediate medical attention:

• Fever or chills
• Severe pelvic pain
• Foul-smelling discharge
• Blisters or sores in the genital area
• Bleeding not associated with your menstrual cycle

Pregnancy

If you’re pregnant and experiencing symptoms of vaginitis, it’s crucial to seek medical advice. Some infections can pose risks to the pregnancy if left untreated.

The Role of Over-the-Counter Treatments in Managing Yeast Infections

Over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal treatments can be effective for managing uncomplicated yeast infections. However, it’s important to use these products judiciously and understand their limitations.

When to Consider OTC Treatments

OTC treatments may be appropriate if:

• You’ve been diagnosed with a yeast infection before and recognize the symptoms
• Your symptoms are mild to moderate
• You’re not pregnant
• You don’t have other health conditions that might complicate the infection

Limitations of OTC Treatments

While convenient, OTC treatments have some limitations:

• They may not be effective against all types of yeast infections
• Overuse can lead to antifungal resistance
• They might mask symptoms of other, more serious conditions

If your symptoms don’t improve after using an OTC treatment, or if they worsen, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Vaginal Health

Various lifestyle factors can influence your susceptibility to vaginal infections. Understanding these can help you make informed choices to maintain optimal vaginal health.

Diet and Nutrition

Your diet can impact the balance of bacteria and yeast in your body. Some dietary considerations include:

• Limiting sugar intake, as yeast thrives on sugar
• Consuming probiotic-rich foods to support healthy vaginal flora
• Staying hydrated to help flush out toxins

Stress Management

Chronic stress can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Implementing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can support overall health, including vaginal health.

Medication Use

Certain medications, particularly antibiotics and hormonal contraceptives, can disrupt the vaginal flora. If you’re prone to vaginal infections, discuss these concerns with your healthcare provider when starting new medications.

Understanding vaginitis, its causes, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. While many cases of vaginitis can be effectively managed with over-the-counter treatments or lifestyle modifications, it’s important to seek professional medical advice for persistent or severe symptoms. Remember, each person’s situation is unique, and what works for one individual may not be appropriate for another. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment recommendations.

How Do I Get Testing & Treatment For Vaginitis & Yeast Infections?

In This Section

• Vaginitis (yeast infection & bacterial vaginosis)

• How do I get checked and treated for vaginitis?

• How do I prevent vaginitis?

• What is a yeast infection?

• What is bacterial vaginosis?

A nurse or doctor can tell if you have vaginitis, and help figure out why it happened. Vaginitis treatments vary depending on what’s causing the problem.

Do I have to go to the doctor if I have vaginitis?

If you have symptoms of vaginitis, it’s a good idea to see your nurse, doctor, or local Planned Parenthood health center. Vaginitis isn’t usually a major health problem, but if you don’t get it treated it can become serious.

There are many different causes of vaginitis, and STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia can have symptoms that are really similar to vaginitis. Seeing a doctor is the best way to find out exactly what’s going on, so you can get the right treatment.

To see what’s causing your vaginitis, your doctor may do an exam, look at a sample of your vaginal discharge under a microscope, or do other tests, like a urine test.

If your doctor has diagnosed you with a vaginal yeast infections before and you’re having the same symptoms, you can try an over-the-counter yeast infection medicine. But if you’re not sure, see your doctor or go to a Planned Parenthood health center. And if you used an over-the-counter medicine but your symptoms don’t go away, see a doctor.

What are the treatments for vaginitis?

Vaginitis is usually easy to cure.  The type of vaginitis treatment that’s best for you depends on:

• what’s causing your vaginitis

• how bad your symptoms are

• whether you’re pregnant

If your vaginitis is caused by a yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, or trich, your doctor may give you a prescription for creams, suppositories, vaginal tablets, or pills. You can also get medicated creams or suppositories for yeast infections (like Monistat) at the drugstore without a prescription. Trich is the only type of vaginitis that’s sexually transmitted. So if you have trich it’s very important for your sexual partners to get treated, too.

If your vaginitis is caused by an allergy or irritation, the symptoms will usually go away when you stop using whatever’s causing the problem. Sometimes you might need to use a cream to help clear up your vaginitis. In rare cases of really bad allergic reactions, you may need emergency medical help.

If your vaginitis is caused by low levels of estrogen, your doctor may give you a prescription for creams, pills, or vaginal rings that release estrogen into your body.

No matter what type of vaginitis treatment you need, make sure you:

• Don’t use anybody else’s medicine. Even if your symptoms are similar, you may have a different infection or need a different kind of treatment.

• Don’t use old medicine. It may not work anymore, and it could even make the infection worse.

• Carefully follow your doctor’s instructions or the directions that come with your treatment.

• Use ALL of your medicine. The infection can come back if you don’t take all your medicine, even if your symptoms stop and even if you have your period.

• Go to a follow-up appointment with your doctor to make sure the treatment worked.

During your vaginitis treatment:

• Don’t put anything in your vagina except medicine or tampons. Take a break from oral or vaginal sex until you feel better.

• If you have your period, it’s okay to use tampons or menstrual cups, unless it’s the kind of medicine you put into your vagina. If that’s the case, use pads instead.

• If you’re using gels or creams inside your vagina, you can use unscented pads or panty liners to help keep the medicine from leaking onto your clothes.

How can I ease irritating symptoms of vaginitis?

Even though vaginitis can be super itchy and irritating, try not to scratch. It can cause more irritation or cuts in your skin, which can spread germs and lead to more infection. There are over-the-counter vaginal creams that you can use on your vulva to help calm the irritation. Your doctor can also give you tips on relieving burning and itching.

Avoid sex until your infection or irritation goes away (especially if you have trich, because it’s a sexually transmitted infection that you and your partner can pass back and forth). Friction from sex and your partner’s body fluids can cause more irritation or make it harder to heal. And some medicines that you use in your vagina have oil in them, which can cause condoms to break.

Where can I get checked and treated for vaginitis?

You can get checked and treated for vaginitis at your local Planned Parenthood health center, community or reproductive health clinics, or your ob/gyn or family doctor.

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3 Best At-Home Yeast Infection Tests of 2022

Test Quick Guide

Vaginal yeast infections are a common cause of vaginitis and vulvovaginitis, a condition in which the vagina and/or vulva becomes inflamed and irritated. Vaginitis is usually caused by an imbalance of normal vaginal microorganisms resulting in an overgrowth of vaginal yeast. Certain sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause similar symptoms. Vaginal yeast infections are most often seen in patients that are immunosuppressed, have diabetes, are pregnant, or have recently used a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

At-home yeast infection tests enable you to narrow down the possible causes of vaginitis. These tests use a sample of vaginal discharge to provide information about possible causes of vaginitis and facilitate a conversation with your doctor or gynecologist.

Testing for yeast with an at-home test is not as thorough as testing done at a clinic or doctor’s office, and at-home testing is not a replacement for medical care administered by a professional.

About the Test

Purpose of the test

The purpose of yeast infection testing is to determine if vaginitis is caused by yeast or by a different microorganism such as bacteria or some other organism associated with a sexually transmitted disease.

Vaginitis often causes uncomfortable vaginal symptoms such as:

• Itching
• Irritation
• Pain during sex or when urinating
• Burning
• Swelling
• Vaginal discharge

There are several options when looking for a cause of vaginitis, including physician-ordered and at-home tests. The following information describes the purposes of at-home and physician-ordered vaginal yeast infection tests.

Purpose of an at-home vaginal yeast infection test

An at-home yeast infection test allows you to look for evidence of a vaginal yeast infection in the privacy of your home. There are several types of at-home yeast infection tests that are available for purchase, including vaginal pH test strips and self-collection kits that allow you to collect a sample at home and mail it to a laboratory for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).

Although these at-home tests can provide information about whether a yeast infection is the likely cause of your symptoms, determining the cause of vaginal symptoms should be done by a trained professional. Doctors have access to additional tests that may be used to accurately diagnose the cause of your symptoms.

Purpose of a physician-ordered vaginal yeast test

Physician-ordered vaginal yeast infection testing is performed to diagnose the cause of vaginitis so that appropriate treatment can be started.

To diagnose the cause of vaginitis, your doctor may ask about your symptoms, examine the affected area, and take a sample of vaginal discharge. Several tests may be conducted on this sample of vaginal discharge that help to determine the cause of your symptoms.

What does the test measure?

Vaginal yeast infections are caused by a type of fungus called Candida. Small amounts of Candida are normally present in your mouth, digestive tract, and skin. Also, small amounts of yeast can be found in your vagina without causing any symptoms.

Under normal circumstances, Candida and other microscopic organisms in the vagina keep each other in balance. However, a yeast infection may occur if conditions change in a way that promotes an overgrowth of yeast. This abnormal overgrowth of yeast can lead to uncomfortable symptoms.

Yeast is not the only disorder that can cause symptoms of vaginitis. Other common types of vaginal infections include bacterial vaginosis (BV) and a sexually transmitted parasite called trichomonas that causes trichomoniasis. While most vaginitis is caused by infections, other causes of symptoms include chemical irritations and low hormone levels.

There are a number of commercially available at-home tests that provide information about the cause of vaginitis. The two types of tests available are described in the following sections.

At-home vaginal pH testing

A number of at-home vaginal tests use pH testing to provide information about whether your symptoms are likely caused by an infection.

A measurement of vaginal pH describes the acidity of vaginal discharge on a scale ranging from 1 to 14. Lower numbers indicate that a substance is more acidic. The normal environment of the vagina is relatively acidic, with a normal pH of 4.0 to 4.5 for people during their fertile years. Vaginal yeast infections are generally associated with a normal vaginal pH, while trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis tend to cause a high vaginal pH. At-home pH tests can help you rule out these non-yeast causes of vaginitis.

Knowing the pH of your vaginal discharge may help narrow down what underlying problem is causing vaginal symptoms. However, changes or increases in your vaginal pH do not always indicate that you have a vaginal infection, so it’s important to discuss your results with a doctor or gynecologist.

At-Home NAAT Testing

Some at-home vaginitis tests use nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) in a laboratory to determine if vaginitis is caused by yeast or something else. This test method analyzes the DNA and RNA in samples of vaginal discharge to identify bacteria, fungi, or parasites. DNA and RNA carry genetic information for living things, including microorganisms that cause infection.

At-home vaginal yeast infection tests that use NAAT testing may focus on detecting just one type of infection or several potential causes of vaginitis. In addition to yeast, they may look for bacteria and sexually transmitted diseases that cause similar symptoms, such as trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.

It’s important to check the product information accompanying your test kit to find out exactly which microorganisms it can detect.

When should I get an at-home vaginal yeast test?

There are no expert guidelines for when it’s appropriate to use an at-home vaginal yeast infection test. If you have symptoms of vaginitis (inflammation of vagina) or vulvovaginitis (inflammation of both vagina and vulva), it is best to see a health care provider. If getting in to see a doctor or nurse promptly is difficult, at-home vaginal yeast infection tests can provide information about whether your vaginal symptoms may be caused by an infection.

At-home vaginal yeast testing can not detect all cases of vaginitis. It is important to talk to your health care provider about your symptoms in order to access appropriate testing and treatment.

Benefits and Downsides of At-Home Vaginal Yeast Test

Every medical test is associated with risks and benefits. Learning about the pros and cons of at-home vaginal yeast testing may help you decide whether at-home testing is the right approach for you.

The potential benefits of at-home vaginal yeast testing include:

• Privacy and convenience: At-home vaginal yeast test kits allow you to conduct testing at your home.
• Easy sample collection: At-home test samples can be easily self-collected.
• Combining with STD tests: Some at-home vaginal yeast infection tests offer panels or packages of tests that include tests for vaginal yeast infections and common STDs, allowing people to screen for STDs using the same test samples.
• Transparent pricing: The costs of testing in a medical setting may be uncertain and depend on what and how many tests are performed. With at-home testing, your out-of-pocket costs are clear.

The potential risks of at-home yeast infection testing include:

• Limited test options: When you have vaginal yeast testing in a medical setting, multiple tests may be done, including a physical exam, examination under a microscope of vaginal discharge, and a culture, if needed. These options are not available through at-home testing.
• pH testing is of limited value for some people: The normal vaginal pH is higher in people before they are old enough to menstruate as well as after menopause. Because of this, testing pH is of limited value for people in these age groups.
• Overdiagnosis and overtreatment: Because vaginal pH is not a conclusive test, at-home vaginal pH tests may lead people to use treatments for vaginal yeast infections that they don’t need.
• Additional testing may be required: Patients who receive abnormal test results on an at-home vaginal yeast test may need to have the test repeated through a doctor’s office or laboratory.

Types of At-Home Vaginal Yeast Tests

Commercially available at-home vaginal yeast infection tests either measure vaginal pH or use NAAT technology to detect the presence of yeast, bacteria, or sexually transmitted disease.

Some of our picks for the best available options are described below.

Best Subscription pH Test
Stix – Vaginal pH Test for Yeast Infections

Price: $11
Type: Self-test
Sample: Vaginal secretions
Tests for: Vaginal pH
Results timeline: Within 2 minutes

The Vaginal pH Test for Yeast Infections from Stix is our pick for best subscription pH yeast infection test. In addition to offering individual tests, Stix test kit helps you measure your vaginal pH on a regular basis by offering a subscription program that will send you a test kit every two, four, eight, or twelve weeks. This kit does not diagnose yeast infections directly, but it can help you determine whether a non-yeast cause of vaginitis may be present.

This test kit includes everything you need to test vaginal pH at home, including a test strip, cotton applicator, and detailed instructions. To conduct the test, simply insert the cotton applicator into the vagina for about five seconds, then remove and rub the cotton swab on the yellow portion of the test strip. To read your vaginal pH test result, compare the test strip to the color chart on the test kit’s foil pouch.

An abnormally high pH test result with symptoms of vaginitis indicates you may have bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. A normal pH level with symptoms of vaginitis indicates you may have a yeast infection.

In addition to the Vaginal pH Test for Yeast Infections, Stix offers several other products related to yeast infections, including probiotics, treatments, and combo packages that allow you to both test for and treat yeast infections from home.

Best NAAT Test
LetsGetChecked – Home Vaginitis Test Kit

Price: $199 (Get 25% off with your exclusive Testing.com discount code. Use code TESTING25 at checkout.)
Type: Self-collection
Sample: Vaginal secretions
Tests for: Bacterial Vaginosis, Candida Species, Trichomonas
Results timeline: Within 2 to 5 days

The Home Vaginitis Test Kit from LetsGetChecked is our pick for best at-home NAAT test. This panel of tests detects three of the most common causes of irritation in the vagina.

Collecting a sample for the Home Vaginitis Test Kit is simple using the instructions and video tutorials provided by LetsGetChecked. For accurate results, be sure to wait to collect your sample until after your menstrual period and at least 48 hours after sex or using vaginal creams or gels.

Once your sample is packaged and mailed using the prepaid shipping envelope, test results are available within 2 to 5 days after the CLIA-certified laboratory receives your sample. LetsGetChecked provides results through a secure online result dashboard and the LetsGetChecked smartphone app.

Please contact UPS to arrange a pickup before you collect your sample. You should collect your sample on the same day as the scheduled pickup. Visit the UPS pickup scheduling page or call 1-800-742-5877 to schedule a pickup to return your sample. You’ll be asked to provide some information including your tracking number, address and pickup day and time. Please keep your tracking number to help you monitor your package.

As part of your purchase, the company includes a review of your results by a LetsGetChecked physician and a 1-on-1 call to provide guidance and treatment options based on your test results. If your results are positive and require treatment, medications can be sent directly to your home.

Most Comprehensive NAAT Test
my LAB Box – 5 Panel At Home Vaginal Health Test Pack – save 20% by using code Testing20 at checkout

Price: $199
Type: Self-collection
Sample: Vaginal secretions
Tests for: Bacterial Vaginosis, Candida Species, Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea
Results timeline: Within 2 to 5 days

Combining testing for a vaginal yeast infection with routine STD testing can save time and money. The 5 Panel At Home Vaginal Health Test Pack from myLAB BOX is our choice for the most comprehensive NAAT yeast infection test.

The 5 Panel At Home Vaginal Health Test Pack includes everything you need to test for five potential causes of abnormal vaginal discharge, including yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and the sexually transmitted diseases trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.

Order this package online and a test kit is shipped from myLAB BOX to your home in discreet packaging. Collecting a sample of vaginal secretions is simple and takes just 5 minutes from start to finish. Instructions provided in the test kit walk you through using a swab to collect your sample and package it for free return shipping.

Within two to five days after your sample is received by the CLIA-certified laboratory, you can access your results on myLAB BOX’s secure online portal. If your test results are positive, myLAB BOX provides a free phone consultation to discuss your results and provide treatment if needed.

Interpreting At-Home Vaginal Yeast Test Results

Interpreting your at-home vaginal yeast test result depends upon what kind of test is used.

Interpreting a vaginal pH test requires comparing a test strip to a color chart included with your kit. After testing your sample of vaginal discharge, you can immediately compare the color to the test kit and find your vaginal pH.

A pH in the normal range indicates that vaginal yeast is a potential cause of your symptoms. While results indicating a normal vaginal pH in the presence of symptoms of vaginitis suggest that you may have a yeast infection, it is possible that your symptoms are caused by something else. You should contact your doctor to discuss whether to make an office appointment for additional testing.

An abnormal result showing an elevated pH could be caused by several conditions, including:

• Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
• Trichomoniasis
• Having both BV and a yeast infection at the same time

Regardless of your vaginal pH test result, it is important to contact your health care provider to discuss any vaginal symptoms that you’re experiencing.

If you purchase an NAAT test kit, you will be able to view your test results on a secure online platform after your sample is received and analyzed in the lab. Test results will indicate which microorganisms were tested and whether they were detected or not detected.

If microorganisms are not detected, your report may indicate that your results are normal. If microorganisms are detected, your results may be described as abnormal.

It’s important to talk to your doctor about the results of at-home NAAT testing. The company that provided your test kit may also help arrange a consultation with a health professional.

Are test results accurate?

Research has shown that self-testing vaginal pH as well as collecting samples at home for NAAT testing are similar in accuracy to testing performed by health care providers. However, at-home vaginal yeast infection testing is not a replacement for physician-ordered tests and you should talk to your doctor before treating a suspected yeast infection.

It is also important to follow the instructions that come with your test kit carefully. Sometimes pH testing is inaccurate because certain substances, including medications used in the vagina, menstrual blood, semen, douches, and lubricants, can temporarily raise vaginal pH.

Do I need follow-up tests?

A health care provider may recommend retesting to confirm the results of an at-home vaginal yeast infection test. Your health care provider may also wish to order additional tests that can only be performed in a medical setting, such as examining vaginal discharge under a microscope or performing a culture of vaginal discharge.

Follow-up testing may also be recommended if your symptoms persist or come back after treatment for a vaginal yeast infection.

Questions for your doctor after at-home vaginal yeast testing

After taking an at-home vaginal yeast infection test, it is important to speak with your health care provider about the test results. Questions that might be helpful include:

• What does my at-home vaginal yeast infection test result mean about my health?
• Are any follow-up tests needed to confirm my at-home test results?
• Is there anything that I can do to reduce my risk of yeast infections?

At-home vaginal yeast infection testing vs. physician-ordered vaginal yeast infection testing

Yeast infection testing uses samples of vaginal discharge to diagnose the cause of symptoms related to vaginitis. At-home and physician-ordered testing differs in several ways, including the type of tests available and the established role of each approach.

When testing is performed by a medical provider, the provider is able to choose from a variety of tests based on a patient’s symptoms and the results of a physical exam. In contrast, at-home testing options are limited to vaginal pH and NAAT testing.

Although some at-home test companies facilitate access to a medical professional after abnormal test results, these consultations are usually restricted to discussing the test result. When vaginal yeast infection testing is performed by a medical professional, visits typically include further guidance related to your reproductive and sexual health.

One of the most important differences between at-home and physician-ordered tests is their established medical role. Although research suggests that the accuracy of at-home tests may be comparable to testing conducted by a medical provider, there are few guidelines regarding the appropriate use of at-home vaginal yeast infection tests.

• Trichomonas Test
  Learn More
• Fungal Tests
  Learn More
• Chlamydia Testing
  Learn More
• Gonorrhea Test
  Learn More

Resources

• MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Vaginal Yeast Infection
  Learn More
• CDC: Vaginal Candidiasis
  Learn More
• MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Vaginitis – Self-Care
  Learn More
• Office on Women’s Health: Vaginal Yeast Infections
  Learn More

Sources

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Yeast infections (fungus) in women

Every woman will experience a yeast infection at some point in her life. A yeast infection is an irritating infection of the vagina and vulva that causes itching, discharge, and irritation. This is a type of vaginitis caused by an overgrowth of a yeast known as Candida albicans and is often easily treated at home, but can sometimes be severe enough to require a visit to a doctor.

On average, three out of four women experience a yeast infection. Some women have several throughout their lives. Although this disease is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, the fungus can be spread through oral contact with the female genitalia. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of a yeast infection and when you should see your OB/GYN.

Signs and symptoms of yeast infections

Signs and symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection can range from mild to more severe. These include the following:

• burning sensation, especially when urinating or during intercourse;
• itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva;
• redness and swelling of the vulva;
• thick, white or greyish vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese;
• vaginal rash;
• pain and soreness in the vagina;
• watery vaginal discharge.

Yeast infection risk factors

There are certain risk factors that can lead to the development of a yeast infection. These include the following:

• taking antibiotics;
• lack of sleep;
• hormonal imbalance during the menstrual cycle;
• taking hormone therapy or oral contraceptives;
• stress;
• malnutrition, especially when eating too many sugary foods;
• pregnancy;
• diabetes;
• weakened immune system;
• wearing clothes that are too tight.

A yeast infection can be caused by a number of reasons, but the most common cause is the fungus Candida albicans. The vagina has a natural balance of this substance, as well as other bacteria. However, in some cases there may be an overgrowth of Candida, leading to the development of a yeast infection. As a result, you may experience a combination of classic symptoms such as burning, itching, and soreness. Even women who are not sexually active can develop this infection.

Sometimes other types of Candida can also cause a yeast infection, but most drugs, especially over-the-counter ones, are for Candida albicans. If you develop a yeast infection caused by another type of Candida, treatment may be more difficult. If more aggressive treatment is needed, you may need to make an appointment with an OB/GYN.

Diagnosis of yeast infections

When you visit your OB/GYN, the doctor will run a test to determine if you have a yeast infection:

• Review of medical history, including any past vaginal infections or sexually transmitted diseases.
• Visual examination of the pelvis, external and internal parts of the vagina.
• Biosampling, a sample of vaginal secretions, to determine what type of fungus is causing the infection.

Yeast infection treatment

Treatment for a simple yeast infection is usually straightforward for most women and may include the following options:

• Prescription antifungal cream, ointment, suppositories, or tablets that last one, three, or seven days.
• Single dose oral preparations
• An over-the-counter antifungal cream or suppository that lasts three to seven days.

For more complex yeast infections, a doctor may suggest the following treatment options:

• Prescription antifungal cream, ointment, suppositories, or tablets that last up to 14 days.
• Multi-dose oral preparations.
• Maintenance plan for recurrent yeast infections. (This type of treatment usually lasts longer than 14 days and may require oral medication once a week for six months or vaginal suppositories once a week.)

Visit your obstetrician-gynecologist. A yeast infection can be uncomfortable and affect your emotional state, but the problem is treatable. Check with your doctor so you can take action in time to avoid infection in the future.

Yeast infections: diseases, treatment and preparations

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Encyclopedia

Fungus

Skin and/or mucous membrane lesions caused by yeast fungi are called yeast infections.

Author of article

Moshkova Elena Mikhailovna

Dermatovenereologist, head of the KDO for the provision of paid services, St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Health “City Dermatovenerologic Dispensary”, St. Petersburg.

What yeast-like fungi cause disease in humans

Both bacteria and fungal microorganisms normally live on human skin. In small quantities, they are part of the normal microflora of the skin. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi can also live on the skin without causing any skin disease. However, if adverse factors occur (decreased immunity, impaired microflora), fungi begin to actively multiply, their number increases and leads to the development of the disease.

How is skin fungus treated? Watch in a two-minute video with Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences Olga Borisovna Tamrazova

Fungi of the genus Malassezia

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Malassezia – the cause of skin dermatosis: seborrheic dermatitis and versicolor (pityriasis) versicolor 90 127 . Approximately 20% of people experience occasional cases of seborrheic dermatitis. And 10% of the population suffers from versicolor (pityriasis) versicolor ³ .

Fungi of the genus Candida

Yeast fungi of the genus Candida – causative agents of candidiasis of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. Fungi of the genus Candida are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, for the existence of which the presence of oxygen in the environment is an optional condition. This explains the possibility of candidiasis of internal organs.

Up to 30-50% of the population carry Candida on their skin. This type of fungus can colonize the mucous membrane of the mouth, intestines, and the genitourinary system.

How fungi of the genus Candida affect human health

Cause itching and dry skin

Provoke the appearance of a white coating on the tongue and bad breath

Contribute to vaginal candidiasis

Affect the feet

900 02 Of the 150 existing species of Candida, 20 species are the causative agents of candidiasis . Most often, Candida albicans, C.tropicalis, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata ¹ are found in patients.

Skin may show C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. kefyr ¹ . However, skin candidiasis usually develops due to the presence of Candida albicans , other types of Candida cause skin lesions much less frequently ¹ .

The cause of candidiasis of the genitourinary system in almost 90% of people is C. albicans, in 10% – C. krusei, C. glabrata and others ¹ .

Locations of yeast infections. Symptoms

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis most often occurs on the face and scalp. But the process can be widespread and localized in other seborrheic areas of the body (skin of the back, chest). Rashes are represented by pink spots with peeling on the surface. Sometimes the inflammation is so severe that itching and excessive moisture of the skin (weeping) appear. Often the only manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis is dandruff.

Pityriasis versicolor (pityriasis)

With versicolor versicolor, there is no skin inflammation, so patients are only concerned about the aesthetic component of dermatosis. Spots up to 1 cm usually appear on parts of the body with excessive sweating. The color of the rashes can vary from beige to pink, over time the spots merge into large foci.

Candidiasis of the skin and oral mucosa

Candidiasis of the skin often occurs in the interdigital, axillary, inguinal folds, on the skin under the mammary glands, and in the fold of the abdomen.

Large fold candidiasis

Large fold candidiasis Doctors also call Candida intertrigo ² . At the bottom of the fold, small bubbles appear, which open up, exposing bright pink with a bluish tinge of skin erosion. Over time, defects in the upper layer of the skin increase in size, merge and can completely spread to the entire surface of a large fold. The erosive surface is wet with a lacquer sheen. A whitish coating may be present. On the periphery of candidal foci, screenings can be found – islands of skin with small vesicles, pustules or small erosions.

Candidiasis of the interdigital folds of the hands often occurs in housewives, catering workers. The predisposing factor is constant contact with water. Often only one interdigital fold on the “working” hand is affected. There is redness, itching, there may be cracks.

Smooth skin candidiasis

Smooth skin candidiasis is more often a complication of an underlying dermatological disease, such as atopic dermatitis or due to the spread of a fungal infection from the skin of large folds.

Candidiasis of the nail folds and nails

Redness, swelling, pain appear at the site of the fungus penetration into the skin of the periungual fold. When pressing on the periungual roller, there are no purulent compartments, in contrast to inflammation of a bacterial nature. And brownish transverse grooves appear on the nail plate, the nail thickens, loses its luster.

Urogenital candidiasis

This disease does not apply to infections that are sexually transmitted ² .

In men, candidal balanitis, balanoposthitis and urethritis are more common.

Men report the following symptoms: ³

• Redness, whitish coating, swelling, itching, burning in the area of ​​the glans penis
• Painful urination and sexual intercourse

See how thrush is treated in a short video by professor, doctor of medical sciences, Evgenia Valerievna Shikh

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) occurs in women – Candida fungi damage the mucous membrane of the external genitalia and vagina.

More than 70% of women have had an episode of urogenital candidiasis at least once in their lives. And 15% of them had repeated episodes of this disease ³ .

Women note: ³

• White curdled discharge from the genital tract
• Itching, burning
• Painful urination and intercourse

Predisposing factors for yeast infections

Predisposing factors for yeast infections: ³

• Long-term antibiotic therapy
• Taking anticancer drugs (cytostatics)
• Uncompensated diabetes mellitus
• Immunodeficiency
• Hormonal disorders

Predisposing factors for skin candidiasis include: prolonged contact with water, skin abrasions, excess weight. For the development of oral candidiasis – traumatization of the mucous membrane, for example, when wearing dentures, braces.

Diagnosis of yeast infections

Diagnosis of skin candidiasis is based on the clinical picture of the disease. The doctor may additionally prescribe a skin scraping test for the presence of Candida fungi.

In the diagnosis of urogenital candidiasis, microscopic and cultural methods with the determination of the type of fungus of the genus Candida and its sensitivity to antifungal drugs are of great importance ³ . And with the help of special test systems, you can detect DNA fragments of the causative agent of urogenital candidiasis.

Diagnosis of diseases caused by fungi of the genus Malassezia is based on examination of skin manifestations, dermatoscopy, examination of skin scrapings for fungi, determination of the Besnier phenomenon (peeling of the rash when scraped with a fingernail or spatula) and Balzer’s test (5% alcohol solution of iodine is applied to the affected area with Entrapment of healthy skin. Increased staining of the rash compared to areas of healthy skin indicates the presence of fungi of the genus Malassezia).

Treatment of yeast infections

Treatment of candidiasis of the skin consists of:

1) Use of topical antifungals in the form of cream/ointment, solution, spray

3) Elimination or correction of provoking factors

Treatment of urogenital candidiasis consists of:0003

2) Prescription of anti-allergic drugs

3) Vitamin therapy

(In some cases, immunomodulatory drugs are recommended)

, creams, ointments) and for oral administration (tablets, capsules). Most often, it is possible to solve the problem with external antifungal agents. However, with widespread rashes, severe persistent course, drugs are prescribed for oral administration

The use of antiseptic or antibacterial drugs when connecting a bacterial infection to the weeping areas of the skin

of the use of combined drugs containing anti -inflammatory hormone, antibiotic and antifungal components, if skin soreness occurs

for candidiasis of the skin, seborrheic dermatitis, multi -colored) external antifungal medicines: sertaconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine. For example, appointment Zalain ^® cream 2% (sertaconazole) promotes recovery better than other drugs (versus clotrimazole) ⁵ .

Sertaconazole-based cream (Zalain®) for yeast infections

Sertaconazole-based products (Zalain ^® ) are available in the form of suppositories and cream.

When Zalain ^® cream is applied topically for two weeks, the components of the drug are not detected in the blood and urine, which indicates a high safety profile of the drug ⁷ .

Sertaconazole has a triple action: it prevents the growth and reproduction of fungi, promotes their death, and also prevents the transition of fungi from a passive form to a pathogenic one (only for fungi of the genus Candida) ¹⁵ .

Instruction

Zalain ^® Yeast Infection Cream

How to use Zalain Cream ^®

For skin candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor Zalain ^® cream is applied 2 times a day in a thin layer covering healthy skin for 2-4 weeks ⁶ .

Topical and systemic antifungal therapy may be indicated for the treatment of urogenital candidiasis.

Urogenital candidiasis in men can be treated externally:

• Zalain ^® cream is applied 2 times a day in a thin layer for 14 days ⁶ .

Has a triple effect: antifungal, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory

Applied 1-2 times a day

Where to buy Zalain ^® Cream for the treatment of yeast infections

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Zalain ^® Suppositories

Sertaconazole cream (Zalain ^® ) for the treatment of fungal infections

Vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in women is treated by insertion of vaginas al tablets or suppositories (suppositories).

Doctors also recommend vaginal suppositories based on sertaconazole (Zalain ^® ). One suppository is inserted into the vagina 1 time. The use of 1 vaginal suppository is explained by the fact that sertaconazole has a high lipophilicity – it dissolves well in lipid (fat) cell structures. Due to this, the drug remains in the vaginal mucosa for a long time (7 days) at a therapeutic concentration, having a triple mechanism of action on Candida fungi. For women, this prescription of the drug is very convenient.

Unlike other drugs for the treatment of urogenital candidiasis, the effect of Zalain ^® suppositories is observed with a single application of ⁷ . If necessary (maintenance of clinical symptoms), treatment can be repeated after 1 week ⁷ . The doctor may recommend Zalain ^® suppositories to pregnant women if necessary.

The use of specially adapted intimate hygiene gels helps maintain a healthy microflora of the vulva and resist infections.

Only 1 suppository per course

Local effect of the drug

Absorption of sertaconazole into the bloodstream does not occur ¹³

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation*

Where to buy Zalain ^® Candles

Instruction

Why is 1 candle valid for 7 days?

Zalagel ^® Intim

Antiseptic properties of components Zalagel ^® Intim

Zalagel ^® Intim gel-soap, gently cleanses the skin of the intimate area, has a calming effect ohm and helps to reduce the feeling of discomfort.

U Zalagel ^® Intim Mildly alkaline pH (8-9), creating a destructive environment for fungi of the genus Candida (causative agents of thrush). The betaine component, which is part of the gel, prevents dryness of the intimate area, maintains the physiological balance of the skin and mucous membranes.

Gently cleanses the intimate area

Creates a destructive environment for fungi of the Candida genus

Protects the female genital organs from infections

Tea tree oil in the composition of the product has an antibacterial and antiviral effect

Reduces itching and irritation 9000 3

Where to buy Zalagel ^® Intimacy

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Instruction

Answers to questions

How to understand that thrush has become chronic?

Answer: Four or more episodes of thrush per year are in favor of chronic recurrent urogenital candidiasis.

How long does the treatment for versicolor take?

Answer: Treatment of multicolored lichen, as a rule, consists in the appointment of external antifungal therapy. The duration of treatment is selected individually and usually lasts at least 2 weeks.

Is it possible to wet the skin with candidiasis of the folds?

Answer: In the acute period of the disease, until the skin process stabilizes, it is necessary to limit contact with water.

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Sources

1. Russian clinical guidelines.
2. Textbook “Skin and venereal diseases” edited by O.L. Ivanov., 2010.
3. National Guide to Dermatovenereology edited by prof. Yu.S. Butova, acad. RAMS Yu. K. Skripkina, prof. O.L. Ivanov.
4. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation, Urogenital candidiasis 2019.
5. Efficacy and safety study of Zalain® 2% cream in the treatment of skin mycoses. IG Sergeeva, Yu. M. Krinitsyna Novosibirsk State University.
6. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions for the active substance Sertaconazole.
7. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions for Zalain® 2% cream.
8. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions Zalain 300 mg, vaginal suppositories.
9. RMJ No. 9, 2015. “Vulvovaginal candidiasis. The use of Zalain in clinical practice. E. S. Vanke, N. S. Vanke.
10. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A, Cassone A, Salvatore G. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida sp. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:158.
11. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. In vitro susceptibilities of lactobacilli and organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:196.
12. Pena EF. Melaleuca alternifolia oil. Its use for trichomonal vaginitis and other vaginal infections. Obstet Gynecol 1962;19:793-5.
13. Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Python Res 2009; 24(5):673-9.
14. Bassett, I. B., D. L. Pannowitz, and R. S. Barnetson. 1990. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med. J. Aust. 153:455-458.