Know the Signs of a Collapsed Lung

You may have heard of a collapsed lung, but what exactly does that mean, and how do you treat it? 

A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, happens when air escapes from your lung and fills the space between the lung and chest wall. The lung is then not able to expand normally when you take a breath. The condition is rare but could be life-threatening, so you should seek immediate care.

Symptoms of a collapsed lung include:

• Dull, steady ache in the chest
• Pain upon inhaling
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness
• The sensation that you can’t draw breath
• Face turning blue due to lack of oxygen
• Very fast heartbeat

What Causes a Collapsed Lung?

Impact with Blunt Object. This is the leading cause of a collapsed lung. It can happen when playing sports where you might collide with a ball or person. A car crash can also involve an impact to the chest wherein this injury could occur.

Puncture. Any penetrating wound to the chest can puncture the lung. This could be something violent, like a knife or stab wound. It could also be the result of vigorous play, such as a pencil stabbing. An aerosol can exploding could also cause a collapsed lung.

Disease. Diseases such as emphysema and COPD can lead to a collapsed lung. Certain infections, such as pneumonia, can be the culprit, too.

Spontaneous pneumothorax. Very tall and typically very thin male young adults are especially prone. For these people, the pneumothorax can just occur; you don’t need to be hit in the chest or have other trauma for it to happen.    

Hospital procedures. In the hospital, some medical procedures, such as the insertion of a chemotherapy port to your chest, can also sometimes damage your lung.

What To Do Immediately After Injury

The most pressing concern is to make sure oxygen is flowing. Emergency services should be called immediately, and you will be administered oxygen as you are transported to a hospital.

When oxygen escapes from the lungs, they can’t function fully and properly. Supplying oxygen keeps the lungs working and helps replace some of the missing air. Psychologically, the sooner your breathing returns to a more normalized state, the sooner your body receives the signal to relax. Supplied oxygen can help the pneumothorax get smaller too. 

How a Collapsed Lung Is Treated

Treatment is determined by how much of the lung is collapsed. If just a small portion is affected, your doctor may admit you to the hospital for observation. If you have a tiny wound, it can easily seal over.

If the affected area is larger, your doctor will evacuate the air that has escaped from the lung and is gathering in the chest cavity. Each time air gets pushed out from the lung, it is then trapped and pushing against the lung. Picture your lung as a balloon, and in this case, it’s pushed against a wall. This misplaced air can also exert pressure on the heart, which is another reason to address the problem quickly.

Your doctor will explore all nonsurgical options. One of the first steps is to place a small chest tube with a suction device to evacuate the air from outside the lung.

A second course of treatment might be a patch through which your own blood can be inserted to seal the injury. Alternatively, another substance may be inserted through the chest tube to intentionally irritate the lung lining, causing it to stick together and seal up.

If the affected lung area doesn’t seal with these measures, your doctor can perform a video-assisted surgery to find where the air is escaping and repair it.

Your doctor will make the most conservative treatment choice possible, escalating only when necessary.

What To Do After Treatment

After the wound has been treated, it’s important that, for the next two to four weeks, you avoid:

• Flying on airplanes
• Scuba diving
• Playing a wind instrument
• Playing contact sports or participating in anything where a chest hit might occur

Once the injury has fully healed, you’re safe to resume these activities and your normal lifestyle.

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What Is a Collapsed Lung?

by Editorial Staff |
April 24, 2019

Topics:

• Health & Wellness

Our lungs are responsible for bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Each lung expands like a balloon when we inhale air, but what happens if the balloon cannot inflate?

That’s what is called a collapsed lung, a term that you might have heard before—it happens sometimes when there is trauma, such as a rib puncturing the lung—like what happened to UFC fighter Paul Felder in a recent match. But there are many reasons it can occur—ruptured air sacs, issues from underlying lung diseases like COPD and cystic fibrosis, even screaming too hard at a One Direction concert. What exactly makes a lung collapse? Introducing pneumothorax.

First some lung basics: Your lungs are located inside the chest wall. Each lung is divided into lobes which are similar to balloons filled with sponge-like tissue. The lobes are surrounded by the visceral pleura, membranes that separate your lungs from your chest wall. As you breathe in and out, the lungs slide against the parietal pleura – a plastic wrap-like membrane that covers the chest wall. However, if one of your “balloons” leaks, for example when COPD causes holes in the lung tissue, the air you inhale is going to travel through the leak and into space between your lungs and chest, called the pleural cavity. Similarly, if there is a hole in the parietal pleura (like a bullet through the chest wall, for example), that can cause air to enter the pleural cavity directly from the outside.

“Because that air has nowhere to go, it keeps accumulating inside this space and builds up pressure between the chest wall and the lungs.  As the pressure and amount of air in this cavity increase it compresses your lung further and further, making it unable to expand when you breathe. That is a pneumothorax.” says Dr. Rutland, pulmonary and critical care physician and American Lung Association volunteer spokesperson. Pneumothorax is the medical term most people associate with a lung collapse but actually means “air in the pleura space causing your lungs to collapse or be compressed.” The pressure from the air keeps your lungs from being able to fully expand.

The term “collapsed lung” is often used in everyday speech as being the same as a pneumothorax.  However, a lung can collapse in two general ways—pressure from “outside” the lung as in pneumothorax described above or from lack of flow “into” the lung because the bronchial tubes or “pipes” are blocked by mucus, a polyp or a tumor. This type of collapsed lung is medically termed an atelectatic lung or atelectasis and is treated differently.

What are the symptoms of a pneumothorax

Symptoms of pneumothorax include shortness of breath, chest pain on one side, and experiencing pain when breathing. If you suspect you have pneumothorax, go to the emergency room right away. A chest X-ray will confirm this.

How is a pneumothorax treated?

Depending on the cause and the size of the leak, the lung can often heal itself, but in order to do so, the extra air in the pleura space needs to be removed to reduce the pressure so the lung can re-expand. If the size of the pneumothorax is large and creating significant distress, an emergency procedure includes the doctor placing a needle in the chest to remove the pressure quickly. This is then followed by placing a tube in the chest that is kept in place for a day or two until the leak is healed and closed and the lung is re-expanded. ” 

This hollow tube is inserted between the ribs and is attached to a suction device to remove the air in the pleura space.⁵ Once this chest tube is inserted, it typically takes about 48 hours or so for the lung to heal.

Dr. Rutland says a simple test is performed to tell if the lung has healed. First, the chest tube is hooked up to a chamber system with water. Then the patient is instructed to cough. If air is escaping from the lung into the tube, bubbles will appear in the water chamber. “Once there are no more bubbles rushing through when I tell my patients to cough, then I know that the lung is healed, and I can take the tube out.”

How can I prevent pneumothorax?

While most cases cannot be prevented, discontinuing the use of tobacco products can reduce your risk of lung disease associated with pneumothorax. While males are generally more likely to experience pneumothorax, your genetics can also predispose you to certain types.

• Sources
  1. https://www. lung.org/about-us/blog/2017/07/how-your-lungs-work.html
  2. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/how-lungs-work/
  3. Dr. Rutland interview
  4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684
  5. https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z
  6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

Blog last updated: November 17, 2022

There are more homeless planets in the Universe than usual

Planets for us are gas giants or solid worlds orbiting the parent star. And while the stars are leaving, the Milky Way is littered with hundreds of billions of such planets, including our own, the only and so far unique Earth. And each planet, in principle, has its own and also unique history of the birth and life of . Some of them are massive and bright, others are small and dim; some were born a couple of million years ago, others can compete with the age of the universe itself. But there is one common feature that we endow all these planets with: the solar system. As the Kepler mission and other searches for exoplanets have shown, if you want to find planets, just point your finger at a star and look around it: around it you will find one, but a whole system of planets.

Each planet in our solar system has its own history

Planets without stars

And yet – in addition to the stars and all the bodies that revolve around them – there must be a great many planets that are not tied to the central star at all: planets – outcasts. Scientists believe this is true anywhere in the universe, from small star clusters and interstellar space to the cores of giant galaxies. As far as we know, there are as many starless planets in space as there are stars themselves – and maybe more. It follows that for every point of light you see, there are many more massive points that you can’t see because they don’t emit visible light.

There are a huge number of starless planets in space.

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Through observations, we have discovered a number of possible candidates for rogue planets . “Candidate” is an important word; we cannot be sure that these planets are true, because we do not have a good technique for confirming this fact. Even with our best modern equipment, they are so difficult to detect that we must assume the existence of many more worlds than we have already found. But we have already found something and can draw conclusions. Where do these alien planets come from?

One of the most convincing sources of all these planets is near us, and we cherish it very much.

A protoplanetary disk around a star

We know how solar systems form: after gravitational collapse creates a region of space in which fusion ignites, a protoplanetary disk gathers around the central star. Gravitational perturbations regularly appear in this disk, drawing more and more matter from its surroundings, while the heat of the newly formed central star slowly blows the lightest gas into the interstellar medium. Over time, gravitational perturbations develop into asteroids, solid planets and gas giants.

But the fact is that these worlds not only revolve around their star, but also gravitationally pull each other together. Over time, these planets migrate to the most stable configurations they can achieve: the most massive worlds take their most stable places, often sacrificing other smaller worlds. What happens to the “losers” in the cosmic battle for planetary advantage? They are absorbed in the process of merging, fall into the Sun or are ejected from the solar system into interstellar space.

Solar system simulations

Recent simulations have shown that for every planet-rich solar system like our own (with gas giants), at least one gas giant will be ejected into the interstellar medium, where it will be doomed to wander the galaxy by a wandering planet – an outcast. At the same time, the number of smaller solid worlds thrown out of the system can reach 5-10. This, in principle, is the largest source of rogue planets, and there are probably hundreds of billions of them in our own galaxy.

It is particularly amusing that when scientists make theoretical calculations, ejected planets from young solar systems turn out to be half the expected number of rogue planets. Where do they come from then? To understand where most starless planets come from, we need to take a broader look at one time: not only when our solar system formed, but also at the cluster of stars (and star systems) that formed at the same time.

The formation of stars and galaxies gives us an understanding of where rogue planets come from

Star clusters form from the slow collapse of cold gas, mostly hydrogen, and usually originate in a pre-existing galaxy. Deep in the collapsing clouds gravitational instabilities form and the first, most massive instabilities attract more and more matter. When enough matter is collected in a small region of space and the density and temperature in the core become high enough, nuclear fusion begins and stars form.

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But not one star and star system is born, but many of them, because each cloud that collapses to form a new star contains enough material to form many stars. Along with this, something happens. The largest formed star is also the hottest and bluest, that is, it emits the most ionizing, ultraviolet radiation. And this star is starting one of the most active races to take his place in space.

If you look into the star-forming nebula, you can see two processes occurring simultaneously:

• Gravity is trying to pull matter in the direction of this young, growing gravitational overdensity
• Radiation burns out neutral gas and pushes it back into the interstellar medium

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Who will win?

There are different types of stars

The answer depends on what counts as a victory. The largest gravitational superdensities form the largest, hottest, and bluest stars—but such stars are exceedingly rare. Smaller superdensities (still large) form other stars, but as the mass decreases, more and more of them become. That is why, when we look deep into a cluster of young stars, it is easy to see the brightest (blue or otherwise) stars, but they are greatly outnumbered by yellow (and red) stars with less mass.

Can planets grow

If it weren’t for the radiation that young stars emit, these dim, red and yellow stars would continue to grow, become more massive and brighter, would flare up more strongly. Stars (in the main sequence) come in different types of , from O stars (the hottest, biggest and bluest) to M stars (the smallest, coolest, reddest and low mass). And although the majority of stars – ¾ – are M-class stars, and less than 1% of all stars are O- or B-type stars, the total mass of the last two types of stars is comparable to the total mass of M-type stars. It takes about 250 M-class stars to match the mass of an O star.

Classification of stars

As it turns out, about 90% of the original gas and dust that was in this star-forming nebula is blown out into the interstellar medium and does not go into star formation. The most massive stars form faster and begin to blow material out of the nebula. In just a couple of million years, there is less and less material left, and new stars stop forming. The remaining gas with dust completely burn out.

And now the most interesting part. Not only M-class stars – with a mass between 8% and 40% of the Sun – represent the most common type of stars in the Universe. There’s a lot more to what could be M-class stars if the high-mass stars didn’t burn out the excess material.

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In other words, for every star formed, there are many more failed stars that simply did not reach critical mass: and there can be tens to hundreds of thousands of such stars for every star formed.

Just imagine: our own solar system contains hundreds or even thousands of objects that potentially fit the geophysical definition of a planet, but have been astronomically ruled out just by virtue of their orbital position. Now imagine that for every star like our Sun, there are hundreds of failed stars that simply haven’t gained enough mass to trigger fusion in the core. These are homeless planets – or rogue planets – which are much more than planets like ours, orbiting stars. Orphan planets may or may not have an atmosphere and are extremely difficult to detect, especially the smallest ones. But think about it: for every planet like ours in the galaxy, there could be up to 100,000 planets that not only don’t orbit the star now, but never did. Finding them is very difficult.

Rogue planets roam the vastness of space

So while we may have a few planets ejected from young solar systems, and even a handful of such worlds in a galaxy that hails from the solar system, the vast majority of all planets in the galaxy have never held onto stars . Rogue planets roam the galaxy, doomed to forever wandering in the darkness of and never know the warmth of their parent star. Their potential parents, perhaps, never even became stars. There could be a quadrillion of these wandering worlds in the galaxy that we haven’t even really begun to discover yet.

Solving dual pairs

There are three
way of working with couples.

First: you can
contemplate (meditate) on
three base pairs, clarifying to yourself
their meaning.

Second way:
you can only work with their derivatives,
such as “close – far”, “fast
– slowly”, “strength – weakness” and so
Further.

Third way
is a combination of the first two. Clear,
that the third way is preferable and
seems more efficient.

What does it mean
meditate (meditate) on the duality
couple? First, it is necessary to clarify
for oneself the meaning of the word denoting
considered opposite, and
the state that each
of opposites (every word,
every thought carries a certain
a state that we can feel
inside). For example, you are working on a couple
“near-far”. It is important to clarify
yourself, which means “near”. For
this can be used sensibly
dictionary or talk to friends and
ask their opinion on the meaning
this word, and then feel it
at the internal level. The same follows
do with the word “far”.

Next you
try to feel the meaning
carry these words. When will you
meditate on them, you will see and
feel that “close” includes
yourself “far away”, and vice versa. This is a sign that
that you are close to solving
this couple.

Second stage
is to sit
relaxed, raise these words in yourself
and their accompanying states and simply
look right between them. In this moment
there should be no thoughts in the head,
but only the meaning of words at the level
states. Can you mentally place
each of the states to the left and right of
myself. Feel them, let them be.

What’s going on
as a result of this reflection
dual couple? She collapses. When
you will meditate on it, you will see
that every dual pair is spherical, then
there is it is located on three axes
coordinates, representing something
like a ball. As a result of looking
it collapses on it, collapses.
It happens unexpectedly, and this
moment you may experience a slight shock,
flinch. Then suddenly everything becomes
clearly you are experiencing something similar to
euphoria or a state of bliss and
you can even laugh, it becomes so
everything is simple and clear. Sometimes through laughter
tears break out, tears of joy and
relief.

This state
called “Illumination”. Everything really
becomes so simple and clear that
you wonder how it didn’t happen before
noticed and how people do not see it. But
once you try something
explain, you have no words to
describe it. You will see the powerlessness of words.
Then, of course, there will be words, but all
their limitations will still be felt.

Reaction to
such clairvoyance will be that words
“near” and “far” (remember, this is only
example, do not get attached to it, because
there are many more dual pairs,
where you will experience the same state)
lose their meaning to you. When you have
will ask about them, you will
make an effort to understand what
is being discussed. By pronouncing them, you can
stumble because words don’t convey
the true meaning you want in them
invest, they are limited. These are all signs
that you have expanded your understanding
true state of affairs in one or
other area. To make it easier to understand what
in question, remember how you explain
something for a child. you stumble and
feel like you can’t do it.
Claircognizance is the same state
but in relation to the world of adults.

Other interesting
the effect will be the acquisition of a three-dimensional
visions. Yes, we can see with our eyes
three-dimensional world, but this cannot be said
about the mind. Mind even though it draws
three-dimensional images, still thinks
in the plane. And dual pairs he also
perceives being in the plane
on one straight line. When will you start
acquire a holistic vision, you
you will feel as if you are looking
onto the plane with dual pairs from above.
You will start to really think
three-dimensional.

Exists
set of dual pairs, and almost all of them
are common to all people, but
almost every person either
one or several pairs are
the main ones. Therefore, solve those couples to
who pulls you, you are the most important
authority for himself. When will you
work with them, the reaction will be similar
to the above. In parallel will
the meaning of the three basic
steam, step by step you will come closer
to their understanding.

During
thinking about them will help you
nature, outside world. Since you will
be relaxed and focused
state, any external influence
at this moment – a phone call, beep
car, knocking on the door, buzzing flies
or a mosquito bite – has a shock effect.
The dual pair collapses at this moment,
and you float.

Once, being
in the village, I meditated on the ‘double
knot” (a mental formation similar to
for a dual couple, what is it you will find out
below), and at that moment to the middle of the room
a tiny mouse ran out. I’m supposed to
shuddered, and the “knot” burst. similar
The story was told by a woman. Effect
was the same one.

Later, thinking
over these cases and others similar
on them, I once again made sure that the External
Equal to the Inner, what happens to us
just what needs to happen and that’s it
whatever happens is for the best. And I
convinced that the outside world to me
kind and always helpful when
it’s really needed. And it can’t
be different, because he is an extension of me.

And to you external
the world is kind?

Another example
on the same subject. You sit in meditation and
good fortune descends upon you.
At this point you are ready to love and
think you really love everything
humanity and all life on earth. On
your mouth wanders the smile of the Buddha, you
it looks like you have achieved
ultimate goal, nirvana opens wide
hugs in front of you. And then it starts for a long time
persistently and continuously ringing the phone
or some unfortunate one appears
a mosquito or a fly that sticks like that
to you, as if you are in their debt
past life.

you go out of your way
keep calm and calm
mind, shrink even tighter into a ball,
in no case to miss
leave goodness forever with you.
The phone keeps ringing,
while mosquitoes and flies buzz and crawl into
the most inappropriate places. The face is numb.

you strain
will, your whole being turns into
clot, striving for a sacred goal
rocket, biceps, triceps are used,
smooth and rough muscles,
sphincters block all openings,
not to miss, to keep the desired
the state that came upon you after
so much effort and endless hours
meditations. For some reason the phone starts
make a long-distance call, and
mosquitoes and midges move to the second
space speed. They go to the ram
with no respect for
your inexhaustible love for everything
to humanity and to them personally.

Buddha smile
has long since evaporated from your lips. Instead of
a mysterious smile wanders around her, melting
in itself some long-born, but still
thought you are not aware of. Through the brain
an endless whirlwind rush alone and
the same words – love, equanimity,
peace, bliss, nirvana.

Finally, the shroud
falls from your eyes. You no longer feed
no illusions about
feelings for humanity and all living things
on the ground. Are you ready to destroy the race
human immediately, immediately, erase
into powder, so that even the memory does not remain,
and first of all – all communication
networks and their creator. All living things, of course,
should follow them. you jump up
and rush to the phone with screams to
immediately, immediately, turn the caller
into a frog, but as soon as you stretch
hand to pick up the phone, the phone issuing
especially nasty trill, stops
call. Of course, all the things that dope you
living creatures also evaporate somewhere. You
again here and now, in the “true”
reality.

How about
favors to you of the outer world ,
and you to him?

cases where you may not know the meaning
one of the opposites,
For example, in the case of the pair “trust –
betrayal”. Almost all people
in childhood they went through betrayal,
so they get stuck in this state,
do not understand what is being said
talk about trust, and can’t act
based on it. Clarify Status
confidence will help you ask: “How would I
felt if I had not been betrayed?
Or you can find out with
flipping the monad. Then, having familiarized
with the opposite state, you will be able to
do what we said above.