How does h1n1 spread. H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu): Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention

15.07.202313.06.2023 by alexxlab

How does H1N1 flu spread. What are the symptoms of H1N1 flu. How can you protect yourself from H1N1 flu. Is H1N1 flu contagious. Can you get H1N1 flu from pork. What treatments are available for H1N1 flu. How long can H1N1 flu viruses survive outside the body.

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Understanding H1N1 Influenza: Causes and Transmission

H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu, is a respiratory disease that primarily affects pigs. While humans don’t typically contract swine flu, infections can and do occur. The H1N1 flu virus has shown the ability to spread from person to person, though historically, this transmission was limited.

How does H1N1 flu spread? The transmission of the H1N1 influenza A virus is believed to occur in a manner similar to seasonal flu. The primary modes of transmission include:

Coughing or sneezing by infected individuals
Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s mouth or nose

It’s important to note that H1N1 influenza is not spread through food consumption. You cannot contract H1N1 flu from eating properly handled and cooked pork products.

Recognizing H1N1 Flu Symptoms: What to Look Out For

The symptoms of H1N1 flu in humans closely resemble those of regular influenza. Common signs and symptoms include:

Fever
Cough
Sore throat
Body aches
Headache
Chills
Fatigue

Some individuals have also reported experiencing diarrhea and vomiting in association with H1N1 flu. It’s crucial to be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if you suspect you may have contracted the virus.

H1N1 Flu Contagiousness: Understanding the Spread

Is H1N1 flu contagious? Yes, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has determined that the H1N1 influenza A virus is indeed contagious and can spread from person to person. However, the ease of transmission between individuals is not yet fully understood.

How long can an infected person spread H1N1 flu to others? Individuals infected with the H1N1 influenza virus should be considered potentially contagious as long as they exhibit symptoms, and possibly for up to 7 days following the onset of illness. It’s worth noting that children, especially younger ones, may remain contagious for longer periods.

Prevention Strategies: Protecting Yourself from H1N1 Flu

What can you do to protect yourself from getting sick with H1N1 flu? While there is currently no vaccine available specifically for H1N1 flu, several preventive measures can help reduce your risk of infection:

Practice frequent and thorough handwashing
Maintain good overall health through proper sleep, physical activity, and stress management
Stay hydrated and consume a nutritious diet
Avoid touching potentially contaminated surfaces
Minimize close contact with individuals who are sick

These everyday actions can significantly contribute to preventing the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza.

H1N1 Flu Treatment Options: Available Medications

Are there medicines available to treat H1N1 flu? Yes, the CDC recommends the use of antiviral drugs for both treatment and prevention of H1N1 influenza virus infection. The two primary medications are:

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza)

These antiviral drugs work by preventing flu viruses from reproducing in your body. When administered early in the course of illness (within 2 days of symptom onset), they can help reduce the severity of symptoms, accelerate recovery, and potentially prevent serious flu complications.

Surface Contamination and Virus Survival: What You Need to Know

Understanding how long viruses can survive outside the body is crucial in preventing the spread of H1N1 flu. Some viruses and bacteria can remain viable on surfaces for 2 hours or longer. Common areas of concern include:

Cafeteria tables
Doorknobs
Desks
Other frequently touched surfaces

To minimize the risk of contamination, it’s essential to practice frequent handwashing and avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, before cleaning your hands.

The Role of Personal Hygiene in H1N1 Flu Prevention

Personal hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of H1N1 flu. Here are some key practices to incorporate into your daily routine:

Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap and water are unavailable
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing
Dispose of used tissues immediately
Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth
Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces regularly

By adhering to these hygiene practices, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting or spreading H1N1 flu.

Understanding the Incubation Period and Infectiousness of H1N1 Flu

How soon after exposure can someone with H1N1 flu infect others? Infected individuals may be capable of transmitting the virus to others beginning one day before symptoms develop and up to 7 or more days after becoming sick. This means you could potentially spread the flu to someone else before you’re even aware that you’re ill.

The incubation period for H1N1 flu typically ranges from 1 to 4 days, with an average of about 2 days. During this time, the virus is multiplying in your body, but you may not yet experience symptoms. It’s crucial to be mindful of this period and take precautions if you suspect you’ve been exposed to the virus.

Factors Affecting H1N1 Flu Transmission

Several factors can influence the transmission of H1N1 flu:

Viral load: The amount of virus present in an infected person’s respiratory secretions
Environmental conditions: Temperature, humidity, and air circulation can affect virus survival
Individual susceptibility: Factors such as age, overall health, and immune status
Duration of exposure: Longer periods of close contact increase the risk of transmission
Use of preventive measures: Proper hygiene practices and personal protective equipment can reduce transmission risk

Understanding these factors can help individuals and communities implement more effective strategies to prevent the spread of H1N1 flu.

H1N1 Flu in Different Populations: Varying Risks and Considerations

While H1N1 flu can affect people of all ages, certain groups may be at higher risk for complications or severe illness. These include:

Young children, especially those under 5 years old
Adults 65 years and older
Pregnant women
People with weakened immune systems
Individuals with chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart disease)

If you belong to one of these high-risk groups, it’s particularly important to take preventive measures and seek medical attention promptly if you develop flu-like symptoms.

Special Considerations for Children

Children, especially younger ones, may present unique challenges when it comes to H1N1 flu prevention and management:

They may be more likely to touch contaminated surfaces and then their faces
Proper hand hygiene can be more difficult to enforce
They may have difficulty describing their symptoms accurately
They could potentially remain contagious for longer periods than adults

Parents and caregivers should be extra vigilant in monitoring children for symptoms and helping them maintain good hygiene practices.

The Global Impact of H1N1 Flu: Past Outbreaks and Lessons Learned

The H1N1 flu virus gained significant attention during the 2009 pandemic, which affected millions of people worldwide. This outbreak provided valuable insights into the behavior of the virus and the effectiveness of various prevention and control measures.

Key lessons learned from past H1N1 flu outbreaks include:

The importance of early detection and surveillance systems
The need for rapid development and distribution of vaccines
The critical role of public health communication in managing outbreaks
The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., social distancing, hygiene practices)
The importance of international cooperation in addressing global health threats

These lessons continue to inform current strategies for managing H1N1 flu and other influenza strains.

Comparing H1N1 Flu to Other Influenza Strains

How does H1N1 flu differ from other influenza strains? While H1N1 flu shares many similarities with other types of influenza, there are some notable differences:

Origin: H1N1 flu originated in pigs, whereas many other flu strains primarily affect humans or birds
Age distribution: The 2009 H1N1 pandemic affected younger populations more severely than typical seasonal flu
Genetic composition: H1N1 flu contains a unique combination of genes from human, swine, and avian influenza viruses
Seasonal patterns: H1N1 flu may not follow the same seasonal patterns as other influenza strains

Understanding these differences can help public health officials and healthcare providers better prepare for and respond to H1N1 flu outbreaks.

The Role of Vaccination in H1N1 Flu Prevention

While there isn’t currently a specific vaccine available for the H1N1 flu strain discussed in the original text, it’s important to understand the role of vaccination in preventing influenza in general.

Annual flu vaccines are designed to protect against the most common and anticipated strains of influenza for each season. These vaccines may include protection against certain H1N1 strains, depending on the formulation for that particular year.

Benefits of Flu Vaccination

Getting vaccinated against influenza offers several important benefits:

Reduced risk of flu illness
Decreased severity of symptoms if you do get sick
Lower risk of flu-related hospitalizations
Protection for vulnerable populations through community immunity
Potential reduction in the spread of the virus

While flu vaccines may not provide complete protection against all strains, they remain one of the most effective tools in preventing influenza and its complications.

Who Should Get Vaccinated?

The CDC recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone 6 months of age and older, with rare exceptions. It’s particularly important for individuals at higher risk of complications, including:

Young children
Older adults
Pregnant women
People with chronic health conditions
Healthcare workers and caregivers

Consult with your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate vaccination schedule for you and your family.

H1N1 Flu in the Workplace: Preventing Transmission and Maintaining Productivity

The spread of H1N1 flu can have significant impacts on workplaces, affecting both employee health and productivity. Employers and employees can take several steps to minimize the risk of transmission in work environments:

Encourage sick employees to stay home
Promote proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette
Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces
Implement flexible work arrangements when possible (e.g., remote work, staggered shifts)
Provide resources for employee education on flu prevention
Consider providing or encouraging flu vaccinations for employees

By implementing these measures, workplaces can help protect their employees and maintain operations during flu season.

Developing a Workplace Flu Prevention Plan

To effectively manage the risk of H1N1 flu and other influenza strains in the workplace, organizations should consider developing a comprehensive flu prevention plan. Key components of such a plan might include:

Clear policies on sick leave and return-to-work procedures
Guidelines for maintaining social distancing in shared spaces
Protocols for handling suspected cases of flu in the workplace
Strategies for maintaining essential operations during a severe outbreak
Communication plans for keeping employees informed about flu prevention and company policies

Regular review and updates of this plan can help ensure its effectiveness in protecting employees and maintaining business continuity.

The Future of H1N1 Flu: Ongoing Research and Preparedness Efforts

As our understanding of H1N1 flu continues to evolve, researchers and public health officials are working tirelessly to improve prevention, detection, and treatment strategies. Some areas of ongoing research and development include:

Development of more effective and broadly protective influenza vaccines
Improvement of rapid diagnostic tests for influenza strains
Investigation of new antiviral treatments and therapies
Enhancement of global surveillance systems for early detection of novel influenza strains
Study of the long-term health effects of H1N1 flu infection

These efforts aim to better prepare us for future H1N1 flu outbreaks and other potential influenza pandemics.

The Role of Technology in Flu Prevention and Management

Advancements in technology are playing an increasingly important role in our ability to prevent, detect, and respond to H1N1 flu and other influenza outbreaks. Some promising areas of technological innovation include:

AI-powered predictive models for forecasting flu outbreaks
Mobile apps for symptom tracking and contact tracing
Telemedicine platforms for remote diagnosis and treatment
Advanced genomic sequencing techniques for rapid virus identification
Smart devices for monitoring personal health metrics

These technologies have the potential to revolutionize our approach to flu prevention and management, enabling more targeted and effective interventions.

Building Community Resilience Against H1N1 Flu and Other Influenza Strains

Effectively managing the threat of H1N1 flu requires a coordinated effort at the community level. Building resilience against influenza outbreaks involves:

h2N1 Flu – Q and As

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h2N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Questions and Answers

What is h2N1 flu (swine flu)?

h2N1 influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people.

Is this h2N1 flu virus contagious?

CDC has determined that this h2N1 influenza A virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it is not known how easily the virus spreads between people.

What are the signs and symptoms of h2N1 flu in people?

The symptoms of h2N1 flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with h2N1 flu.

How does h2N1 flu spread?

Spread of this h2N1 influenza A virus is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.

Can I get h2N1 influenza from eating or preparing pork?

No. h2N1 influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get h2N1 influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.

How can someone with the flu infect someone else?

Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 7 or more days after becoming sick. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick.

What should I do to keep from getting the flu?

First and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

Are there medicines to treat h2N1 flu?

Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir (tamilflu) or zanamivir (relenza) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these h2N1 influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms).

How long can an infected person spread h2N1 flu to others?

People with h2N1 influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.

What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?

Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.

How long can viruses live outside the body?

We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces.

What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?

There is no vaccine available right now to protect against h2N1 flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:

Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. If you do not have a tissue, cough or sneze into your sleeve.

Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.

Try to avoid close contact with sick people.

If you get sick with influenza, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?

If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.

What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?

Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. We recommend that when you wash your hands — with soap and warm water — that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn’t need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.

What should I do if I get sick?

If you live in areas where h2N1 influenza cases have been identified and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you may want to contact their health care provider, particularly if you are worried about your symptoms. Your health care provider will determine whether influenza testing or treatment is needed.

If you are sick, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people as much as possible to keep from spreading your illness to others.

If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care.

In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

Fast breathing or trouble breathing

Bluish skin color (for fair tones) and grayish skin color (for darker tones)

Not drinking enough fluids

Not waking up or not interacting

Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held

Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

Fever with a rash

In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen

Sudden dizziness

Confusion

Severe or persistent vomiting

How serious is h2N1 flu infection?

Like seasonal flu, h2N1 flu in humans can vary in severity from mild to severe.

h2N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and You – CDC

Key Facts about Swine Influenza (Swine Flu) – CDC

h2N1 Flu (Swine Flu): General Information – CDC

Risk Factors, Causes & Symptoms

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Influenza A(h2N1)

HOW TO PROTECT AGAINST FLU A(h2N1)?

Influenza A (h2N1) virus is easily transmitted from person to person and causes respiratory diseases of varying severity. The symptoms of the disease are similar to those of a regular (seasonal) flu. The severity of the disease depends on a number of factors, including the general condition of the body and age.

Predisposed to the disease: the elderly, young children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease), and those with weakened immune systems.

RULE 1: WASH

Wash your hands often with soap and water.

Clean and disinfect surfaces using household detergents.

Hand hygiene is an important measure to prevent the spread of influenza. Washing with soap removes and destroys germs. If it is not possible to wash your hands with soap and water, use alcohol-containing or disinfectant wipes.

Cleaning and regular disinfection of surfaces (tables, doorknobs, chairs, etc.) removes and destroys the virus.

RULE 2: KEEP DISTANCE AND etiquette

Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Maintain a distance of at least 1 meter from patients.

Avoid travel and crowded places.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.

Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with hands. Influenza virus spreads in these ways.

Do not spit in public places.

Wear a mask or other available protective equipment to reduce the risk of illness.

The virus is easily transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person by airborne droplets (when sneezing, coughing), so it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 1 meter from patients. When coughing, sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with disposable tissues, which should be thrown away after use. By avoiding unnecessary visits to crowded places, we reduce the risk of disease.

RULE 3: LIVE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

A healthy lifestyle increases the body’s resistance to infection. Follow a healthy regimen, including proper sleep, consumption of foods rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, physical activity.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF FLU A (h2N1)?

The most common symptoms of influenza A(H1N1)2009:

• fever (97%),

• cough (94%),

• runny nose (59%),

• sore throat (50 %),

• headache (47%),

• rapid breathing (41%),

• muscle pain (35%),

• conjunctivitis (9%).

In some cases, symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders (which are not characteristic of seasonal influenza) were observed: nausea, vomiting (18%), diarrhea (12%).

Complications of influenza A(H1N1)2009:

A characteristic feature of influenza A(H1N1)2009 is the early onset of complications. If with seasonal flu complications usually occur on the 5th-7th day and later, then with influenza A (H1N1) 2009 complications can develop already on the 2nd-3rd day of illness.

The leading complication is primary viral pneumonia. Viral pneumonia worsens rapidly, and many patients develop respiratory failure within 24 hours, requiring immediate respiratory support with mechanical ventilation.

Promptly started treatment helps to alleviate the severity of the disease.

WHAT TO DO WHEN I HAVE FLU?

Stay at home and seek immediate medical attention.

Follow your doctor’s orders, stay in bed and drink plenty of fluids.

Avoid crowded places. Wear a hygienic mask to reduce the risk of spreading infection.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you sneeze or cough. Wash your hands with soap as often as possible.

WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IN THE FAMILY IS ILL WITH FLU?

Give the patient a separate room in the house. If this is not possible, keep a distance of at least 1 meter from the patient.

Minimize contact between sick people and loved ones, especially children, the elderly and people with chronic illnesses.

Ventilate the room frequently.

Maintain cleanliness by washing and disinfecting surfaces as often as possible with household detergents.

Wash your hands frequently with soap.

When caring for a sick person, cover your mouth and nose with a mask or other protective equipment (kerchief, scarf, etc.).

Only one member of the family should care for the sick person.

h2N1 influenza (swine flu) and you

h2N1 influenza (swine flu) and you 1

What is H 1 N 1 (swine flu)?

h2N1 (commonly known as “swine flu”) is a new influenza virus that causes illness in humans. This new virus was first detected in humans in the United States in April 2009. Other countries, including Mexico and Canada, are also reporting human cases of the new virus. This virus spreads from one person to another, probably in much the same way as regular seasonal flu.

Why is the new virus H 1 N 1 sometimes called “swine flu”?

This virus was originally called “swine flu” because it was found in laboratory studies that many of the causative agents of this new virus

were very similar to influenza viruses commonly seen in pigs in North America. However, further studies have shown that the detected virus differs in many ways from that which is spreading among North American pigs. It contains two genes from influenza viruses commonly found in pigs in Europe and Asia, as well as bird genes. Scientists call this virus the “quadruple reassortant.” 9in humans 003

Are there any cases of human infection with the virus H 1 N USA?

Yes. The first confirmed cases of human infection with the h2N1 influenza virus in the United States were in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly, with infections being reported from a growing number of states. The updated number of cases of confirmed h2N1 influenza infections in the United States is continuously reported on the Internet at http://www.cdc.gov/h2n1flu/investigation.htm . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with local and state health agencies to investigate the situation.

Is this new virus infectious?

CDC has determined that the new h2N1 virus is contagious and spreads from one person to another. However, at the moment there is no information on how easily this virus spreads between people.

What are the main signs and symptoms of this virus in humans?

The symptoms of the new h2N1 influenza virus are similar to those of the seasonal flu. These include high fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and feeling tired.

Many of the infected patients also complained of diarrhea and vomiting. In addition, as with seasonal influenza, serious and even fatal cases have been recorded as a result of the disease caused by this virus.

How serious is the disease associated with the new influenza virus 1?

It is currently unknown how dangerous this new h2N1 influenza virus will become to the general population. During seasonal flu, there are certain populations that are at greater risk for serious complications . These include people aged 65 and over, children under five, pregnant women, and people of all ages with certain chronic conditions. Initial data indicate that pregnancy and other pre-existing chronic conditions such as asthma and diabetes, which increase the risk of influenza-related complications, are also associated with an increased risk of complications from infection with this new h2N1 influenza virus.

The only thing that appears to be different from seasonal influenza is that adults over 64 years of age in this outbreak still do not appear to be at increased risk of complications associated with the new influenza virus h2N1. The CDC is also conducting laboratory tests to determine if any people have natural immunity to this virus based on their age. Early reports indicate that children do not and few adults under 60 have antibodies to the novel h2N1 influenza virus; however, about a third of adults over 60 may have antibodies against this virus. It is not known how much protection against the new influenza virus type h2N1 can (if at all) provide any of the available antibodies.

What is the severity and incidence of the new influenza H 1 N 1 compared to seasonal influenza?

The CDC is still investigating the severity of illness caused by the new h2N1 influenza virus. There is currently insufficient information to predict how severe this novel h2N1 influenza virus outbreak will be in terms of morbidity and mortality, or how it will compare to seasonal influenza.

In the case of seasonal influenza, we know that the seasons vary in time, length and severity. Seasonal influenza can cause mild to severe illness, sometimes leading to death. Each year in the United States, on average, 36,000 people die from flu-related complications and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized for flu-related causes. Among those hospitalized, 20,000 are children under the age of 5. More than 90% of deaths and about 60% of hospitalizations occur in people over 65 years of age.

To date, the largest number of confirmed and probable cases of novel h2N1 influenza virus are among people aged 5 to 24 years. Currently, there are no deaths and only a few cases in people over 64 years of age, which is unusual when compared with seasonal flu. However, pregnancy and other previously established chronic illnesses with a high risk of complications from seasonal influenza appear to be associated with an increased risk of complications from this new h2N1 influenza virus.

How is the new virus transmitted H 1 N 1?

The transmission of the new h2N1 virus is believed to be identical to that of seasonal influenza. Influenza viruses are mainly transmitted from one person to another during the coughing or sneezing of sick people. Some people can get sick by touching objects that contain flu viruses and then touching their own mouth or nose.

How long can an infected person transmit the virus to other people?

The CDC currently considers this virus to have the same spreading properties as seasonal flu viruses. Studies of seasonal influenza have shown that a person can be contagious from 1 day before symptoms appear to 7 days after onset. Children, especially younger children, may be potential carriers of the virus for a longer period of time. CDC staff are studying the virus and its characteristics for more information about it, which will be provided as soon as possible.

Ways not believed to be transmitted new influenza virus H 1 N 1

Can I get this new virus H 1 N 1 if I eat or cook pork in ?

No. h2N1 viruses are not foodborne. Infection with the new HIN1 virus through pork or pork products is not possible. Properly processed and cooked pork products are completely safe to consume.

Is there a risk of disease through drinking water?

Tap water that has been treated with accepted disinfection methods does not pose a particular risk of transmitting influenza viruses. Current standards for the treatment of drinking water provide a high degree of protection against viruses. The susceptibility of the new h2N1 influenza virus to accepted drinking water treatment processes has not been studied. However, recent studies have shown that the level of free chlorine commonly used to purify drinking water is sufficient to inactivate the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza. It is likely that other influenza viruses, such as the new h2N1, will also be inactivated by chlorine treatment. To date, there have been no documented cases of influenza caused by contaminated drinking water.

Can a new flu virus H 1 N 1 spread through water in swimming pools, spas, water parks, fountains and other 90 003 treated water sources used for bathing and swimming?

Influenza viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract. There are no documented cases of influenza virus infection associated with water use. Bathing and swimming water that has been treated using CDC-recommended disinfection levels is unlikely to transmit influenza viruses. The susceptibility of the h2N1 influenza virus to chlorine and other disinfectants used in swimming pools, spas, water parks, fountains, and other treated water sources used for bathing and swimming has not been studied. However, recent studies have shown that CDC-recommended levels of free chlorine (1-3 parts per million [ppm or mg/L] for swimming pools and 2-5 ppm for spas) are sufficient to disinfect avian virus. influenza A (H5N1). It is likely that other influenza viruses, such as the new h2N1, will also be disinfected with chlorine.

Can influenza virus H 1 N 1 be transmitted in watery areas, 9000 3 used for bathing and swimming, outside of it?

Yes, bathing and swimming pools are no different from other public places. The modes of transmission of the new h2N1 virus are believed to be identical to those of the seasonal flu. Influenza viruses are mainly transmitted from one person to another during the coughing or sneezing of sick people. Some people can get sick by first touching an object that contains flu viruses and then touching their own mouth or nose.

Prevention and treatment

How can I protect myself from infection?

There is currently no vaccine to protect against infection with the novel h2N1 virus. To prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses such as the flu, normal daily hygiene practices should be followed.

To protect your health, use the following measures:

• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw away the used tissue in the trash.

• Wash your hands thoroughly and often with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are also effective.

• Do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth. The infection is transmitted in this way.

• Avoid close contact with sick people.

• If you are ill, stay home for 7 days after symptoms develop or until symptoms develop within 24 hours, whichever is longer. This is necessary to prevent infecting others and further spread of the virus.

Other important things you can do include:

• Follow public health guidelines for school closures, social distancing, and other flu isolation measures.

• Be prepared to stay at home for about a week if you become ill; A supply of over-the-counter medications, alcohol-based hand rubs, tissues, and other related items may come in handy to help eliminate the need to go out in public while you are sick and carrying an infection.

What is the best way to protect yourself from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?

If you are sick, limit contact with other people as much as possible. If you become ill, stay home for 7 days after symptoms develop or until symptoms develop within 24 hours, whichever is longer. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw used tissues in the trash can. Afterward, wash your hands after every bout of coughing or sneezing.

What is the best way to wash your hands to avoid getting the flu?

Washing your hands frequently will protect you from germs. Use soap or an alcohol-based hand rub to wash your hands. The CDC recommends washing your hands — with soap and warm water — for at least 15 to 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, disposable wipes soaked in alcohol-based hand rub or disinfectant gels can be used. They can be found in most supermarkets and pharmacies. When using the gel, rub it into your hands until completely dry. The gel does not require water to act; the alcohol it contains will kill the germs on your hands.

What should I do if I get sick?

If you live in areas where cases of novel h2N1 flu have been identified and you have flu-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, stay home and avoid contact with other people. Staying at home means not leaving it, except when you need to seek medical help. This means avoiding normal activities including work, school, travel, shopping, social events and public gatherings.

If you are seriously ill or especially susceptible to complications from the flu, contact your healthcare provider or seek medical attention. The health facility will determine if flu testing is needed or if treatment is needed right away. If you get sick and have any of the following signs that your condition is getting worse, call your doctor right away.

In children among similar signs that require urgent care, may include:

• Rapid or labored breathing

• Gray or bluish skin

• Not drinking enough water

9000 6 • Severe or persistent vomiting

• Non-awakening or no response

• So excited that the child resists being picked up

• Some relief from influenza symptoms, which then returned, accompanied by fever and increased cough

In adults, signs that require immediate medical attention may include the following:

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Pain or tightness in chest or abdomen

Sudden dizziness

• Confusion

• Severe or persistent vomiting

• Some relief from influenza symptoms, which then returned, accompanied by fever and increased cough

Are there medicines to treat the new flu?

Yes. The CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir to treat and/or prevent infection with the novel h2N1 influenza virus. Antiviral drugs are prescription drugs (tablets, solutions, or inhalers) that are designed to treat the flu and stop viruses from multiplying in your body. If you get sick, antiviral medicines can slow down the progression of the disease and help you feel better sooner. In addition, they can prevent serious complications caused by the flu. During the current epidemic, the use of anti-influenza antiviral drugs for the treatment of serious influenza is a priority.

What is the CDC recommendation for swine flu parties?

“Swine flu parties” are gatherings where people come into close contact with someone who has the novel h2N1 flu in order to become infected with the virus. The purpose of these parties is to be infected with the virus that has caused many people mild illness, in the hope of acquiring natural immunity to the new h2N1 influenza virus that may continue to circulate and cause more severe illness.

The CDC does not recommend “swine flu parties” as a way to protect against new h2N1 influenza in the future. forms and even lead to death. It is impossible to predict with certainty what the outcome will be in the case of a person, or, just as importantly, in the case of those to whom a person who deliberately infects himself can transmit the virus.

The CDC recommends that people with the new h2N1 flu virus avoid contact with others as much as possible. They should stay home for 7 days after symptoms develop or until symptoms develop within 24 hours, whichever is longer.

Infection and cleaning

x (e.g. books and doorknobs)?

Studies have shown that influenza virus

is able to survive on surrounding objects with the possibility of infecting a person within 2-8 hours from the moment it hits the surface.

What kills the influenza virus?

Influenza virus is destroyed by high temperature (75-100°C). In addition, some chemical germicides, including chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, detergents (soaps), iodophors (iodine-based antiseptics), and alcohol solutions, are effective against human influenza viruses when used at the appropriate concentration for a sufficient period of time. For example, alcohol-based hand rubs and gels can be used to clean hands. Gels must be rubbed into the hands until completely dry.

Which surfaces are more likely to be contaminated?

Germs can be spread when a person touches germ-bearing objects and then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets of liquid during an infected person’s sneeze or cough are transmitted through the air. Germs can be transmitted when a person touches another person’s respiratory droplets on a surface, such as a table, and then touches their own eyes, mouth, or nose without washing their hands.

How should household waste be handled to prevent the spread of the influenza virus?

To prevent the spread of influenza virus, it is recommended that tissues and other disposable items used by an infected person be thrown into the trash. In addition, after touching tissues and similar debris, wash your hands with soap and water.

What to wash in the house for prevent the spread of the influenza virus?

To prevent the spread of the influenza virus, it is important to keep surfaces (especially bedside tables, bathrooms, kitchens, and children’s toys) clean by wiping them down with household disinfectants according to label directions.

How should linen, cutlery and crockery used by people infected with the influenza virus be handled?

It is not necessary to wash linen and cutlery and dishes belonging to the patient separately, but it is important to remember that these items should not be used by others without careful pretreatment. Linens (such as sheets and towels) should be washed using regular laundry soap and dried in a hot dryer. Do not carry dirty linen “in an armful” to the place of washing in order to prevent your own infection. After carrying dirty laundry, wash your hands with soap and water or wipe them with an alcohol-based hand rub.

Cutlery should be washed either in the dishwasher or with soap and water.

Response and research

What is CDC doing in response to the influenza outbreak?

The purpose of this institution is to reduce the spread and severity of the disease, and to provide information to help physicians, health care administrators and the public in informing them about the issues raised by the new virus. The CDC is working with state and local health departments to strengthen surveillance in the United States and collect and analyze data to assess the impact of the virus and identify groups at higher risk of developing complications. In addition to this, CDC continues to release new and updated interim guidance for healthcare professionals, health professionals and the public for the prevention and treatment of this new virus.

To expand national and international laboratory capacity to detect novel h2N1 influenza, CDC has developed and distributed new diagnostic kits and reagents to more than 350 laboratories, including laboratories in 131 countries. The Center’s Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) division continues to ship antiviral drugs, personal protective equipment, and respiratory protection to all 50 states and other US territories to assist in the outbreak response.

The United States government is also actively taking early steps in the production of the new h2N1 influenza vaccine by working closely with manufacturers. The CDC has isolated a new h2N1 type virus, created a candidate vaccine virus that can be used to produce a vaccine, and made the virus available to manufacturers, who can therefore start scaling up vaccine production if necessary.

What epidemiological studies are being carried out in response to the current influenza outbreak?

The CDC is working closely with local and state officials in areas where there have been identified cases of novel h2N1 influenza infection in the public. The CDC has sent staff to several states to help conduct research on the impact of the new h2N1 influenza virus, including assessing the severity of the illness, how easily the virus spreads, and the amount of time people can be contagious. In states where EpiAid teams have been deployed, various epidemiological measures are in place or planned, including:

• Continuous surveillance in counties where human cases have been identified;

• Examination of health care workers who have been in contact with sick patients to determine if they are infected;

• Examining family members and others who have been in contact with sick patients to see if they are infected;

• A study to find out how long a person infected with a virus sheds the virus into the environment.