How does iron work: Why Iron is So Crucial for Your Body
Why Iron is So Crucial for Your Body
title
author
date
Why is iron important to the body?
The human body requires iron to perform many vital physiological functions. For instance, iron is the key component of hemoglobin that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body, and it plays a key role in cell growth and differentiation. According to the World Health Organization, up to 80% of the people in the world may be iron deficient. Premenopausal women, particularly those who exercise regularly, face a great risk of iron deficiency, or even anemia. Athletic, active males are also at high risk for iron deficiency. Low levels of iron can leave you feeling physically tired and weak, impair mental function, and weaken the immune system. Having too much iron in the body, on the other hand, can poison certain organs and even cause death.
Maintaining the optimal balance of iron within the body is therefore essential to one’s health.
How does the body acquire and expel iron?
The body cannot make iron; you must acquire it through your diet. Dietary iron is processed and absorbed by the mucosal cells of the small intestine. Only about 10% of the iron we consume each day is absorbed into the body, however. The process of iron absorption is tightly regulated because the body does not posses any biochemical mechanisms for removing iron. Instead, iron is lost through processes such as bleeding, menstruation, and breast-feeding. Additionally, iron within the body is constantly being recycled and reused (e.g., in red blood cell turnover).
What happens once iron enters the body?
After being absorbed into the mucosal cells of the small intestine, a portion of the iron is stored in the protein ferritin. Each ferritin molecule is capable of binding to around 4,500 iron molecules at a time.
Ferritin binds and releases iron in response to fluctuating amounts of iron in the blood, thereby maintaining a relatively constant serum (blood) iron level. Ferritin is found in all cells, but is most common in bone marrow, the liver, and the spleen. The liver, heart, and pancreas typically have high levels of ferritin and are therefore susceptible to disease or damage from iron overload.
Iron not stored within ferritin is exported from the intestinal cells and released into the bloodstream. Once the iron enters the blood, it is bound by the protein transferrin. Proteins like transferrin prevent iron from forming cell-damaging compounds such as free radicals and aid in the transportation of iron to various tissues throughout the body.
Some iron is also shuttled to the bone marrow where it plays a key role in the formation of new red blood cells. Iron-bound transferrin binds to the transferrin receptor on the surface of newly forming red blood cells, then moves into the cell where the iron is separated from the transferrin.
The transferrin protein returns to the bloodstream, and the iron is available in the cell for use. Since red blood cells have such a short lifespan (about 120 days), the body requires a constant supply of iron to rebuild hemoglobin. As a result, dying red blood cells are recycled by white blood cells known as macrophages. Old hemoglobin is broken down to replenish the blood’s iron supply.
Why might my iron be low?
One reason you may be low on iron is that your body’s demand for iron may have increased. This often occurs in young children undergoing rapid growth, pregnant women, and people who lose blood through blood donation, intestinal conditions, menstruation, or very intense endurance activity. Another reason for low iron is decreased iron intake or absorption. The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences recommends that men aged 19-50 consume 8 mg of iron per day and premenopausal women consume 18 mg of iron per day. After menopause, women’s iron needs drop to the same level as men’s: 8 mg per day.
How can I improve my body’s iron status?
Dietary iron takes two forms: heme (meat, poultry, and fish) and nonheme (beans, spinach, and fortified foods). Although nonheme iron is the more abundant form, the body more readily absorbs heme iron. Therefore you can increase iron absorption by consuming more heme iron. In addition, vitamin C helps to increase the amount of iron that your body absorbs; consuming foods or beverages rich in vitamin C at the same time that you are eating foods high in iron will boost iron absorption. Other compounds inhibit the absorption of iron, so you should avoid consuming foods or beverages containing these substances at the same time you are eating iron-rich foods. For example, for improved iron absorption, don’t drink coffee or tea during a meal or for one hour following a meal. Similarly, legumes and whole grains contain compounds that reduce iron absorption – so avoid consuming beans or whole grains with an iron-rich meal.
InsideTracker measures key iron markers
InsideTracker’s full iron panel in the Ultimate plan measures 11 related markers including ferritin and hemoglobin. Ferritin is the protein that binds iron for storage. Ferritin’s main function is to keep the levels of active iron in the body relatively constant by releasing or binding iron. If the body is low on iron, it can access iron stored in ferritin. If the body is high on iron, it can store potentially damaging excess iron within Ferritin. If your Ferritin is low, you should pay close attention to your iron levels. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transporter in red blood cells. Its primary function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, brain, and digestive system where it releases the oxygen for cell use. Optimal levels of hemoglobin improve strength, increase endurance, and enhance overall aerobic performance.
Other iron-related markers related measured in the Ultimate Plan include
- Serum iron: The amount of iron in the blood
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC): Measures the maximum amount of iron your blood can carry, and is an indirect measure of transferrin
- Transferrin saturation: A result of your serum iron divided by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
Why should you know more about your iron levels?
Changes in these markers can show early signs of iron deficiency or excess even when your ferritin is optimal.
With several iron-related markers, the Ultimate Plan gives you a deep dive into your iron status that can help you to optimize your iron levels and thus increase your energy and focus, improve your aerobic performance, and strengthen your immune system. To find out more about your iron status, sign up for the Ultimate Plan today.
Some other blog posts we think you’ll love!
Understanding Your Iron Group: What Results Mean for Each Biomarker
By
Ashley Reaver, MS, RD, CSSD,
July 23, 2020
Got fatigue? Increase Your Ferritin!
By
Perrin Braun,
July 31, 2013
Do You Need More Energy? Look to Your Blood for Some Answers!
By
Perrin Braun,
December 4, 2013
Categories
Questions?
Get in touch by phone (800) 513-2359 or email
How a lack of iron leads to anemia | eLife Science Digests
Researchers have investigated the molecular mechanisms that cause fewer red blood cells to be produced during iron deficiency.
- 9,477 views
Open access
Copyright information
Open annotations (there are currently 0 annotations on this page).
A blood sample taken from an individual with iron deficiency anemia. Image credit: Erhabor Osaro (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Red blood cells use a molecule called hemoglobin to transport oxygen around the body. To make hemoglobin, cells require iron to build a component called heme. If an individual does not get enough iron in their diet, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells, or the cells lack hemoglobin. This condition is known as iron deficiency anemia, and it affects around one-third of the world’s population.
Researchers did not know exactly how iron levels control red blood cell production, though several proteins had been identified to play important roles. Heme forms in the cell’s mitochondria: the compartments in the cell that supply it with energy. When heme levels in a developing red blood cell are low, a protein called HRI reduces the production of many proteins, most importantly the proteins that make up hemoglobin. HRI also boosts the production of a protein called ATF4, which switches on a set of genes that help both the cell and its mitochondria to adapt to the lack of heme. In turn, HRI and ATF4 reduce the activity of a signaling pathway called mTORC1, which controls the production of proteins that help cells to grow and divide.
To understand in more detail how iron and heme regulate the production of new red blood cells, Zhang et al. looked at immature red blood cells from the livers of developing mice. Some of the mice lacked the gene that produces HRI, and some experienced iron deficiency.
Comparing gene activity in the different mice revealed that in the developing blood cells of iron-deficient mice, HRI largely reduces the rate of protein production in both the mitochondria and the wider cell. At the same time, the increased activity of ATF4 allows the mitochondria to carry on releasing energy and the cells to continue developing. Zhang et al. also found that a protein that inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway needs to be active for the new red blood cells to mature.
Overall, the results suggest that drugs that activate HRI or block the activity of the mTORC1 pathway could help to treat anemia. The next step is to test the effects that such drugs have in anemic mice and cells from anemic people.
Sign up for email alerts
Privacy notice
Computer hardware – Mother, vidyuha, memory, sound and that’s all / Sudo Null IT News
Articles
Posts
Authors
Companies
Show first
Rating threshold
Difficulty level 9000 3
aaplpro
000Z” title=”2023-06-27, 23:43″> Jun 27 at 11:43 pm
Time to read
9 min
Number of views 579
Gadgets Computer hardware Smartphones IT companies
Digest
The news is not so exciting, but still interesting: a number of system updates from Apple have been released, an SDK for visionOS has been released for developers, an expanded program for self-repair of equipment and what’s new inside new Macs. As well as rumors, interesting videos and other details of apple events for the week – let’s go to the news!
Go to news
Total votes 1: ↑1 and ↓0 +1
Comments
0
XoRoWmeister
Time to read
5 min
View count 18K
Selectel Blog IT Research & Forecast *Computer Hardware Hard Drives
Just recently we wrote that the cost of SSDs continues to decline. Plus, they are gradually taking away the market share of conventional hard drives.
The reasons are simple – SSDs are much faster than HDDs, they are silent, plus their reliability is gradually increasing. Accordingly, both ordinary users and companies prefer to buy SSDs. About prices and market prospects – under the cut.
Read more →
Total votes 45: ↑44 and ↓1 +43
Comments
98
STriple
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
7 min
Number of views 14K
Legislation in IT Production and development of electronics *Computer hardware of IT companies
Recently there has been a lot of news about domestic monitors, mice, keyboards and many other computer equipment, the production of which was established in our country . And this is not surprising, in recent years the demand for domestic electronics has been growing due to various government incentives and foreign sanctions. Today we will consider how things are with monitors from the Register of “Industrial Products Manufactured on the Territory of the Russian Federation”.
Experimental monitors will be:
• Beshtau M24FHD, manufactured by Beshtau Electronics LLC (Essentuki)
• LightCom V-Lite-S, manufactured by Lightcom LLC (Zelenograd)
• RDW2401K, manufacturer of RDV Technology LLC. (Moscow)
We will evaluate according to the following criteria:
• according to the information content of the manufacturer’s website and product passport;
• for packing and assembly;
• appearance and design;
• image quality and specification;
• as well as the most important hardware stuffing.
Read more
Total votes 44: ↑35 and ↓9 +26
Comments
58
ervand7
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
6 min
Views 4.
4K
Programming *Go *Computer hardware Processors
From the sandbox
In this article I will talk about the Go scheduler. I took the basis of the material from William Kennedy’s book Ultimate Go . First, let’s talk about the OS scheduler, then move on to the Go scheduler and compare them.
Read more
Total votes 10: ↑8 and ↓2 +6
Comments
3
Zyxel_diesel
Level of difficulty
Simple
Time to read
6 min
Views 4.4K
ITT Solutions Blog Computer Hardware IT History Old Hardware
Retrospective
Everyone starts their morning differently. Someone from a cup of coffee and a cigarette, someone from a warm-up and a swim in the sea, and someone first of all takes a smartphone to read the news or watch funny videos with cats. But it was not always so.
Some 30 years ago, in order to enter the network, you had to first get through to it. Dial-up at that time was practically the only way to access, and in addition to the Internet, there were separate BBS (Bulletin Board System) and FidoNet, which united various BBS into a global network.
The quality of the connection directly depended on how long the telephone line would be busy. And the better the modem adapted to the connection conditions, the less then you had to pay for communication. The choice of consumer modems was large, but there were also professional models. Today we will introduce you to one of these models, a kind of Range Rover in the world of modems of those years.
Read more →
Total votes 30: ↑29 and ↓1 +28
Comments
35
dasafyev
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
14 min
Views 1.
8K
HOSTKEY Blog Hosting Computer Hardware Artificial Intelligence Graphics Cards
In April, NVIDIA launched a new product, the RTX A4000 ADA small form factor graphics processor for workstations. This processor has replaced the A2000 and can be used for complex tasks, including research and engineering calculations and data visualization.
RTX A4000 ADA is equipped with 6144 CUDA cores, 192 tensors and 48 RT cores, 20GB GDDR6 ECC VRAM. One of the key benefits of the new GPU is its power efficiency: The RTX A4000 ADA consumes only 70W, which reduces power costs and reduces system heat. The GPU also allows you to drive multiple displays with 4x Mini-DisplayPort 1.4a connectivity.
Read more
Total votes 5: ↑5 and ↓0 +5
Comments
4
MaFrance351
Difficulty level
Medium
Time to read
9 min
Number of views 6.
7K
Timeweb Cloud company blog Computer hardware Old hardware Games and game consoles
Retrospective
Hello everyone!
A long time ago, Habré already published an article “The slot machine from the inside and out”, which told us about how the representatives of the latest technology are arranged to win money. And, of course, I wanted to continue this topic by talking about how older similar devices are arranged and work, much closer to Russian users.
So, in today’s article we will talk about slot machines from the era of the decline of the gambling business in Russia. Find out what they worked on, how to run one at home and play them without the risk of blowing a fortune. As usual, there will be a lot of interesting things.
Read more →
Total votes 41: ↑40 and ↓1 +39
Comments
25
aaplpro
Time to read
9 min
Views 1.
3K
Gadgets Computer hardware Smartphones IT companies
Digest
What cool security features are found in iOS 17 and watchOS 10. Japan joins those who want third-party app stores on iOS, and another popular app has disappeared from the App Store . What’s inside Apple’s new 70W charger and what new accessory the company might release. Details about the yoga challenge for Apple Watch owners and other news for this week are in this issue of the digest!
Go to news
Total votes 8: ↑8 and ↓0 +8
Comments
0
RiddleRider
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
8 min
Number of views 17K
Reverse engineering *Production and development of electronics *Computer hardware Processors of IT companies
Retrospective
The entire history of MCST – from the 90s to the present – is an excellent example of how not to to do business.
When a company is headed by people who have absolutely no understanding of either architecture, or management, or process optimization, with an absolute lack of understanding of the changing global ecosystem, throwing out loud statements that stand for nothing. These people turned a potentially thriving business into a parasitic company that devours public funds, in response to issuing rubbish that no one needs in the form of domestic microprocessors. Elbrus processor. Achilles’ heel of domestic microelectronics. How many praises were sung by Orthodox adherents of these processors… How many people were misled by the MCST policy itself, releasing their stories through bloggers about the unique architecture of Elbrus, which has no analogues. And all this despite the fact that enough materials have been published on the network to analyze the dead end of the Elbrus architecture.
Read more
Total votes 128: ↑87 and ↓41 +46
Comments
159
abykova27
000Z” title=”2023-06-17, 03:29″> Jun 17 at 03:29
Time to read
3 min
Views 15K
Selectel Blog Electronics Manufacturing & Development *Gadgets Computer hardware
Single board PCs rarely come with screens. Usually the display has to be bought in addition. But now an unusual device has appeared, which is something like a pocket computer already out of the box. Its most expensive component is the display, so the developers sought to reduce the cost of the system in order to keep the cost at around $79.. Accordingly, one should not expect any performance records from it. But still it is a good device that can be useful to many of us. Let’s see what he is.
Read more →
Total votes 53: ↑51 and ↓2 +49
Comments
19
Cloud4Y
Difficulty level
Medium
Time to read
7 min
Views 8.
7K
Cloud4Y Blog Computer Security *Computer Hardware Notebooks
Tutorial
Translation
Here is a beginner’s guide that describes bypassing the BIOS password on Lenovo laptops. We determine what the problem is, how to identify a vulnerable chip, how to bypass it, as well as an analysis of the cause of the vulnerability and ways to eliminate it.
Read more
Total votes 17: ↑12 and ↓5 +7
Comments
17
itglobalcom
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
3 min
Views 3.7K
ITGLOBAL.COM GC Blog Computer Hardware Artificial Intelligence IT companies
Translation
On June 13 in San Francisco, Lisa Su unveiled a chip that has already become the centerpiece of the company’s computing strategy for artificial intelligence . Its main advantage is its huge memory and data bandwidth for generative AI tasks such as large language models.
Read more
Total votes 13: ↑13 and ↓0 +13
Comments
17
divolko3
Time to read
3 min
Number of views 4.8K
Blog of the MTS company Computer hardware Laptops DIY or DIY
The Framework Laptop on Habré has already been written about, and more than once or twice. Indeed, this device attracts attention, because it is positioned by the developers as an easily repairable modular laptop. The advantage of the device is not only that it can be repaired without problems even by a user who is not particularly versed in hardware. And also in the fact that its individual components can be upgraded plus add various connectors and connectors made as modules.
The company that manufactures these devices has now announced the imminent release of a new model, providing a number of previously unknown technical details. Details are below.
Read more
Total votes 15: ↑15 and ↓0 +15
Comments
39
aaplpro
Time to read
13 min
Number of views 941
Gadgets Computer hardware Smartphones IT companies
Digest
The Apple WWDC23 conference has passed, the company’s new products have been presented, including the long-awaited Apple Vision Pro headset – let’s talk about what else has become known about the new products. The winners of the Apple Design Award have become known, there are a number of well-known applications. What Tim Cook said about artificial intelligence and neural networks, as well as which startup Apple acquired on the eve of the presentation. This and more – in the new digest Apple Pro Weekly News!
Go to news
Total votes 4: ↑4 and ↓0 +4
Comments
0
DRoman0v
000Z” title=”2023-06-13, 23:31″> Jun 13 at 11:31 pm
Time to read
4 min
Number of views 10K
Selectel company blog Gadgets Computer hardware History IT
Hello everyone! This Sunday I again visited a flea market near Valencia. Now it’s getting hotter, so you can’t walk around the flea market for as long as before – you just can’t stand it. However, I approached all the sellers and saw a lot of interesting things. For example, the same NAS with a 4 TB drive, or there is a PS2 Slim in working order.
As usual, there were also strange things that I could not guess the purpose of. I’ll also talk about them in the already familiar section “What is this thing?”.
Read more →
Total votes 43: ↑41 and ↓2 +39
Comments
21
First John
Time to read
12 min
Number of views 3.5K
FirstVDS company blog System administration *Microcontroller programming *Development on Raspberry Pi *Computer hardware
In this article I will talk about setting up Zabbix monitoring of the Russian single-board microcomputer Repka Pi 3, developed by NPO Rainbowsoft (Rainbowsoft) from Saratov.
In addition to the parameters available for monitoring using the standard Zabbix agent, using the zabbix-agent-on-repka-pi template discussed in this article, you can control the temperature of the CPU and GPU, as well as the clock speed of the processor cores.
Read more
Total votes 14: ↑13 and ↓1 +12
Comments
31
copied_wonder
Difficulty level
Medium
Time to read
8 min
Number of views 2.6K
Information security *Computer hardware
From the sandbox
Translation
What if I told you that your favorite system on a chip or motherboard with an Intel chipset could have a hidden backdoor? If you’re a seasoned security professional, you’re more likely to say, “I know,” because the possibility of such a channel has been covered for quite some time, ever since the mysterious thing-in-itself known as Intel ME was announced.
If it so happens that you have never heard of either Intel ME or Intel CS(M)E, sit in a comfortable chair and join the magical world of Intel technology. For those who are really scary security analysts, here is a short list of topics covered in the article:
Read more
Total votes 15: ↑14 and ↓1 +13
Comments
3
vkomen
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
2 min
Number of views 1.3K
Server optimization *Computer hardware
Server manufacturers at all times came up with all sorts of non-standard connectors for connecting external adapters, which were collectively called “Mezzanine card”. Being proprietary in physical design, in most cases they were just a different pinout of the PCI Express bus. The reason for such engineering creativity was the need not to occupy valuable small regular connectors of the same bus for adapters, which are in short supply in especially popular 1U servers.
In contrast to small form factor desktop systems (all those Slim, Tiny PCs), which one American reviewer caustically called “Systems needed in low-flying aircraft conditions”, in servers such minimization of the height of the case entails a direct benefit when placed in provider rooms. racks, up to 42 pieces in one cabinet.
Another reason is the ability to produce their own adapters in this “non-standard standard”, which there is nothing to replace.
What’s under the server’s cover?
Total votes 3: ↑2 and ↓1 +1
Comments
0
Ccelebro
Time to read
4 min
Views 13K
Selectel Company Blog Electronics Manufacturing & Development *Gadgets Computer Hardware
Summer is just beginning, many of us are on vacation, which means we can do DIY projects. Actually, this does not interfere with the work.
Single board PC manufacturers have released several interesting models that can be useful for solving many tasks – from amateur to professional. The most interesting single-payers of the beginning of this summer are under the cut.
Read more →
Total votes 49: ↑49 and ↓0 +49
Comments
41
zboris
Difficulty level
Simple
Time to read
4 min
Views 14K
High performance *3D graphics *Electronics manufacturing and development *Computer hardware Desktops
Analytics
Discussions began on the Internet: why did Apple release such a new Mac Pro? What if her Mac Studio computer with the same technical parameters costs almost half as much ($4,000 versus $7,000)? – See article: “Apple, why even have such a new Mac Pro? Mac Studio with the same parameters costs almost half as much” .
But I think that if there is a request for more powerful Mac Pro configurations, then maybe in the near future Apple will release new Mac Pro models for example – with two or even four Apple M2 Ultra chips on the Mac Pro motherboard.
All this is theoretically possible, and it’s not Newton’s binomial, and Apple used to have two-socket Mac Pro (1st generation) on Intel Xeon.
In addition, Bloomberg literally wrote in October 2022: that Apple is testing a Mac Pro running a 24-core Apple Silicon processor, 192 GB of RAM and 76 graphics cores – these are the exact characteristics of the Mac Pro presented on June 5, 2023 (which means their source was very well informed). And besides that, in the same note, it was mentioned that there is also a version of the Mac Pro with 48 processor cores, and with 152 graphics cores, and 256 GB of RAM – this is just the most likely two-socket Mac Pro – with two Apple central processors M2 Ultra! – See article: “Apple is testing a Mac Pro with its own 24-core processor and 192 GB of RAM” .
Let’s discuss the development of Apple computers
Total votes 11: ↑8 and ↓3 +5
Comments
32
How computer RAM (RAM, RAM) works – Hardware on DTF
Structure of RAM (video)
10 909
views
RAM is an important part of any computer system and now I will explain why this is so.
Random access memory (RAM)
During operation, the memory acts as a buffer between the drive and the processor, that is, data is first read from the hard drive (or other drive) into RAM and only then processed by the central processor. This scheme is used because the processor is a very fast device and it needs to quickly access the necessary data and commands, otherwise it will be idle and system performance will decrease, and since the hard drive and SSD cannot provide the necessary speed, all the necessary data is read and are moved to faster RAM and stored there until needed by the processor for processing.
Simplified scheme of computer memory
Physically, RAM is a set of chips soldered to the board. If you look inside one such microcircuit, you can see that it consists of many layers connected to each other, each layer consists of a huge number of cells that form rectangular matrices.
Microcircuits on the memory bar
One cell can contain 1 bit of information, and it consists of one field effect transistor and one capacitor.
Cell device in a chip
This design looks quite complicated and may vary depending on the technologies used, so for clarity it is better to present the cell in the form of a diagram.
Schematic device of the dynamic memory cell
So it is easier to understand that it is the capacitor that stores information, and the transistor acts as an electric key that either holds the charge on the capacitor or opens it for reading. When the capacitor is charged, you can get a logical one, and when it is discharged, zero.
There are a lot of such capacitors in the chip, but it is impossible to count the charge from one specific cell, the entire page is read.
Simplified cell array diagram, page
To do this, it is necessary to send a signal to the horizontal line we need, which is called a line, which will open the transistors, after which the amplifiers located at the ends of the vertical lines count the charges that were on the capacitors.
Simplified cell array diagram
Each such reading empties the charges on the page, because of which it has to be rewritten, for this, an opening transistor charge is also applied to the row, and a higher voltage is applied to the columns, thereby charging the capacitors and writing information. The delays between these operations are called timings, the smaller they are, the faster the entire system will be as a whole
But let’s return to the memory module on a macro scale and see that, in addition to the memory chips themselves, SMD components, resistors and capacitors are soldered onto the module, which provide decoupling of the signal circuits and power the chips, as well as the SPD chip is a special chip that stores data about parameters of the entire module (capacity, operating voltage, timings, number of banks, and so on).
This is necessary so that during system startup, the BIOS on the motherboard sets the optimal settings according to the information displayed in the chip.
Memory die components, chip SPD
There are also several form factors of modules, modules for computers are called DIMMs, and for laptops and compact SO-DIMM systems, they differ in size and number of pins for connection. These are two-row modules that have two independent rows of contacts, one on each side.
DIMM and SO-DIMM
For example, in old Simm modules, the contacts on both sides were closed and they could only transfer 32 bits of information per cycle, while dimms could transfer 64 bits.
DIMM and SIMM
To all this, the modules are divided into one-rank, two-rank and four-rank. A rank is a 64-bit wide block of data that can be typed by different number of memory chips. Single rank memory is 64 bits wide while Dual rank memory is 128 bits wide.
But, since a single memory channel is only 64 bits wide, like a peer module, the memory controller can only access one rank at a time. While the two-rank module can be engaged in the response to the command sent to it, and the other rank can already prepare information for the next command, which slightly increases performance.
RAM ranks
I would also like to say separately about error-correcting memory, ECC-memory, since these modules have an additional memory bank for every 8 chips. Additional banks and logic in the module serve to check and eliminate errors.
ECC memory with error correction
The use of buffers and error correction slightly degrades performance, but greatly improves data reliability. Therefore, ECC memory is widely used in servers and workstations
ECC data width
I’ll talk a little more about the types of memory, since modern computers use synchronous dynamic random access memory with double data transfer rate DDR SDRAM 4th generation and the fifth will soon be widespread.
Synchronous Dynamic Memory (DDR)
The ddr memory has replaced the SDR memory. SDR SDRAM works synchronously with the controller. In it, the internal and external data bus operates at the same frequency. When a signal is applied to the microcircuit, information is read synchronously and transferred to the output buffer. The transfer of each bit from the buffer occurs with each clock cycle of the memory core. In SDR memory, data exchange is synchronized at the edge of the clock pulse.
Synchronous Dynamic Memory (SDR)
When a signal is applied to the microcircuit, information is read synchronously and transferred to the output buffer. The transfer of each bit from the buffer occurs with each clock cycle of the memory core. In SDR memory, data exchange is synchronized at the edge of the clock pulse.
SDR (Scheme)
After SDR, DDR memory came out, in it data exchange on the external bus goes not only along the edge of the clock pulse, but also along the decline, which is why twice as much information can be transmitted at the same frequency, and in order to take advantage of this increase, the internal bus expanded twice.