How high of a temperature is dangerous for children. What are the signs of a dangerous fever in kids. When should parents seek medical attention for a child’s fever. How to accurately measure a child’s temperature at different ages. What are the best practices for managing fevers in children.

The Significance of Fevers in Children

Fevers are a common concern for parents, often causing worry and uncertainty. But what exactly does a fever indicate in a child’s body? A fever is typically a sign that the body is fighting off an infection or virus. It’s the immune system’s natural response to invaders, ramping up the body’s temperature to create an inhospitable environment for pathogens.

While fevers can make children feel uncomfortable, they are generally a positive sign that the body is doing its job. However, certain fever temperatures can be dangerous and require immediate medical attention. Understanding these thresholds is crucial for parents to provide appropriate care for their children.

Age-Specific Fever Guidelines: When to Seek Medical Help

The temperature at which a fever becomes concerning varies depending on the child’s age. Here are the general guidelines for when to contact a pediatrician:

• Newborns to 3 months: Any fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
• 3 months to 3 years: Fever of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher
• 3 years and older: Fever of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
• Any age: Fever of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher lasting more than two days

These guidelines serve as a general rule of thumb. However, it’s important to consider other factors such as the child’s overall health, behavior, and additional symptoms when deciding whether to seek medical attention.

Accurate Temperature Measurement Techniques for Different Age Groups

Obtaining an accurate temperature reading is crucial for assessing the severity of a fever. The most appropriate method varies based on the child’s age:

For Infants Under 3 Months

The most accurate method for infants is a rectal temperature using a digital thermometer. There are two common approaches:

1. Face-down method: Place a blanket on your lap and lay the baby across it, facing down. Gently insert the lubricated thermometer and hold for 3 minutes.
2. Face-up method: Lay the baby on a firm surface, hold their legs up with knees towards the chest, and insert the thermometer.

For Older Children

As children grow, other methods become more practical:

• Digital thermometer under the tongue (for children 4 years and older)
• Ear thermometers
• Forehead thermometers

While armpit temperatures can provide a general indication of fever, they are less accurate than other methods. It’s important to note that recent consumption of hot or cold food and drinks can affect temperature readings, so wait about 20 minutes after eating or drinking for the most accurate results.

Understanding the Body’s Response to Infections

A fever is the body’s natural defense mechanism against infections. When pathogens enter the body, the immune system responds by raising the body’s temperature. This elevated temperature creates an environment that is less favorable for the growth and reproduction of many harmful microorganisms.

While a fever can be uncomfortable, it’s generally a sign that the immune system is functioning properly. However, extremely high fevers can be dangerous, potentially leading to complications such as dehydration, seizures, or damage to the body’s tissues and organs.

Additional Warning Signs Accompanying Fevers

While temperature is a crucial indicator, other symptoms can signal the need for immediate medical attention. Parents should be vigilant for the following signs:

• Excessive vomiting or diarrhea
• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, decreased urination)
• Severe headache or neck stiffness
• Difficulty breathing
• Unusual rashes, especially those that don’t blanch when pressed
• Extreme lethargy or difficulty waking
• Persistent fever lasting more than a few days

These symptoms, particularly when accompanied by a high fever, warrant prompt medical evaluation. It’s always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to a child’s health.

Managing Fevers at Home: Do’s and Don’ts

While not all fevers require medical intervention, there are steps parents can take to make their child more comfortable:

Do:

• Encourage rest and fluid intake to prevent dehydration
• Keep the room at a comfortable temperature
• Dress the child in light clothing
• Use a lukewarm compress on the forehead
• Administer age-appropriate fever-reducing medications as directed by a healthcare provider

Don’t:

• Use cold baths or alcohol rubs to reduce fever
• Overdress the child or bundle them in heavy blankets
• Give aspirin to children or teenagers with a fever due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome
• Ignore other symptoms or rely solely on temperature readings

Remember, the goal is not necessarily to eliminate the fever entirely but to keep the child comfortable and prevent dangerous temperature spikes.

The Role of Vaccinations in Fever Prevention

Immunizations play a crucial role in preventing many of the infections that can lead to dangerous fevers in children. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, often preventing infections altogether or reducing their severity.

For parents, it’s important to note that if an unvaccinated child develops a fever, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Unvaccinated children may be more susceptible to certain serious infections that can cause high fevers and other complications.

Maintaining an up-to-date vaccination schedule as recommended by pediatricians can significantly reduce the risk of many fever-inducing illnesses. This proactive approach to health can provide peace of mind for parents and better protection for children.

Long-Term Effects of Recurrent or Prolonged Fevers

While most fevers are short-lived and resolve without complications, recurrent or prolonged fevers can sometimes indicate underlying health issues. These may include:

• Chronic infections
• Autoimmune disorders
• Certain types of cancers
• Periodic fever syndromes

If a child experiences frequent fevers without apparent cause or fevers that last longer than expected, it’s important to consult with a pediatrician. They may recommend further testing to identify any underlying conditions and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Long-term effects of recurrent fevers can vary depending on the cause but may include:

• Delayed growth and development
• Chronic fatigue
• Weakened immune system
• Impact on cognitive function and learning

Early identification and management of the underlying causes of recurrent fevers can help prevent these potential long-term effects and ensure better overall health for the child.

The Impact of Fever on Child Development

While occasional fevers are a normal part of childhood, frequent or prolonged high fevers can potentially impact a child’s development. Understanding these effects can help parents and healthcare providers take appropriate action:

Cognitive Development

High fevers, especially those associated with certain infections like meningitis or encephalitis, can potentially affect cognitive function. In most cases, the effects are temporary, but severe or prolonged fevers may lead to more lasting impacts on memory, attention, and learning abilities.

Physical Growth

Recurrent fevers can sometimes interfere with a child’s physical growth. This is often due to the increased metabolic demands during fever episodes and potential decreased appetite. Monitoring growth patterns in children with frequent fevers is important.

Emotional and Social Development

Frequent illnesses and fevers can impact a child’s social interactions and emotional well-being. Missing school or social activities due to illness can affect peer relationships and social skill development. Additionally, the stress of frequent illnesses can impact emotional health.

Sleep Patterns

Fevers often disrupt sleep patterns, which are crucial for overall development. Chronic sleep disturbances due to recurrent fevers can potentially impact cognitive function, mood regulation, and physical growth.

It’s important to note that most children recover fully from occasional fevers without any long-term developmental impacts. However, if fevers are frequent or particularly severe, consulting with a pediatrician to address any underlying issues is crucial for ensuring optimal development.

Fever Management in Special Populations

Certain groups of children may require special consideration when it comes to fever management:

Children with Chronic Health Conditions

Children with underlying health issues such as heart conditions, respiratory disorders, or compromised immune systems may be more vulnerable to the effects of fever. In these cases, even a relatively low-grade fever might warrant prompt medical attention.

Premature Infants

Premature babies, especially in their first few months, may have difficulty regulating their body temperature. They may not develop a fever in response to infection, or they might become dangerously cold instead. Close monitoring and early medical intervention are crucial for this group.

Children with a History of Febrile Seizures

Some children are prone to febrile seizures, which are convulsions triggered by rapid increases in body temperature. While generally not harmful, these can be frightening for parents. Children with a history of febrile seizures may require more aggressive fever management and closer monitoring during illnesses.

Children on Certain Medications

Some medications can affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature or respond to infections. Children on steroids, chemotherapy, or certain immunosuppressants may require special fever management protocols.

For these special populations, it’s crucial to have a detailed fever management plan developed in consultation with the child’s healthcare provider. This plan should include specific temperature thresholds for seeking medical attention and any tailored treatment approaches.

The Role of Nutrition in Fever Management and Recovery

Proper nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the body’s immune function and aiding recovery during and after a fever. Here are key nutritional considerations for children with fevers:

Hydration

Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial during a fever. Increased body temperature and metabolic rate can lead to faster fluid loss. Encourage regular intake of water, clear broths, and electrolyte solutions designed for children.

Easily Digestible Foods

While appetite may be reduced during a fever, offering light, easily digestible foods can provide necessary energy. Options might include:

• Toast or crackers
• Rice or pasta
• Bananas
• Applesauce
• Lean proteins like chicken or fish (if the child can tolerate them)

Nutrient-Rich Foods

Once the acute phase of illness passes, focus on nutrient-dense foods to support recovery:

• Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins C and A
• Lean proteins to support immune function
• Whole grains for sustained energy
• Probiotic-rich foods to support gut health

Avoiding Certain Foods

During and immediately after a fever, it’s generally advisable to avoid:

• Fatty or fried foods that may be hard to digest
• Sugary foods and drinks that can suppress immune function
• Dairy products if the child has been vomiting or has diarrhea

Remember, forcing a child to eat during a fever is not necessary. Focus on maintaining hydration and gradually reintroducing normal foods as the child’s appetite returns. If concerns about nutrition or hydration persist, consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

The Psychological Impact of Fevers on Children and Families

While the physical aspects of fevers are well understood, the psychological impact on both children and their families is often overlooked. Understanding and addressing these emotional aspects can contribute to better overall management of fevers and associated illnesses.

Impact on Children

For children, experiencing a fever can be distressing and confusing. They may feel:

• Anxiety about their symptoms and discomfort
• Frustration at being unable to participate in normal activities
• Fear of medical procedures or interventions
• Sadness or isolation if separated from peers due to illness

Older children might also worry about falling behind in school or missing important events.

Impact on Parents and Caregivers

For parents and caregivers, a child’s fever can trigger various emotional responses:

• Anxiety about the child’s health and potential complications
• Stress from disrupted routines and sleep schedules
• Guilt, especially if the illness impacts work or other responsibilities
• Frustration if the fever persists or recurs frequently

Strategies for Emotional Support

To address these psychological aspects:

1. Maintain open communication with the child, explaining the situation in age-appropriate terms
2. Provide comfort and reassurance, emphasizing that the fever is temporary
3. Engage in quiet activities together to alleviate boredom and maintain connection
4. For parents, seek support from family, friends, or support groups if feeling overwhelmed
5. Consider speaking with a healthcare provider if anxiety about fevers becomes persistent or interferes with daily life

By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of fevers, families can navigate these challenging times more effectively, promoting better overall health and well-being for both children and caregivers.

How High is Too High? A Guide to Kids’ Fevers (2021 Update)

Throughout your child’s life, one of the most common and worrisome issues that can come up is a fever. You know how the signs begin: chills, a warmer body, and flushed cheeks; but what does your child’s fever mean?

No matter how well or badly your child is feeling, a fever can be a sign that something isn’t quite right. When a fever comes around, that means your child’s body is reacting to an infection or virus; a fever is a sign that your child’s body is fighting back! Even though fevers are a sign of healthy bodies reacting to illness, they definitely can make your child feel lousy.

READ MORE: Guide to Setting Sleep Schedules for Kids

Especially for our youngest patients, who can’t easily say what hurts or that they feel sick, a fever is a clear indicator that they are experiencing sickness or pain. Even as children age, fevers, combined with other symptoms, can be dangerous and must be met with quick medical attention.

But the question remains: what do I do about my child’s fever? With our easy guide below, we help you navigate the highs and lows of fevers, and how to react along the way. As always, contact your pediatrician for specific medical advice for your child. For a general guide to cold and flu season, follow along below:

Best Way to Check a Child’s Temperature

Depending on your child’s age, their temperature can be taken differently, using different thermometers. The fastest and most accurate of all the different kinds of thermometers is the digital thermometer. Most doctors recommend using digital thermometers versus other kinds.

For infants under 3 months of age, the most effective and accurate way to check temperature is rectally, using a digital thermometer. There are two ways to easily take a rectal temperature. With the face down method, place a blanket on your lap, and then lay your baby across your lap, facing downwards. Take your baby’s temperature by using petroleum jelly to insert the thermometer; hold it for 3 minutes to allow the temperature to register. You can also take your baby’s temperature by laying them face up on a firm surface and holding their legs up, with their knees towards their chest. Then proceed to insert the thermometer and get a reading.

You can also take your baby’s temperature under the armpit with a digital thermometer. While not as accurate, this will allow you to get a general idea of if your child has a fever or not. Most daycares and schools will use this method as a general guide if your child has symptoms of being sick.

Fever strips and pacifier thermometers are not usually recommended, as they tend to not be as accurate. We also discourage parents from using glass thermometers, as the mercury inside can poison your child if they are exposed to it.

READ MORE: Guide to Cough Season – What Kind of Cough Does My Child Have?

For older children, you can use a variety of thermometers. The most popular is the digital thermometer, but there are also ones that get a reading by being inserted into the ear or pressed against the forehead. The most accurate way of taking the temperature of an older child is by using a digital thermometer under the tongue. This should be used after your child is 4 years old.

Be aware of what your child has just eaten or had a warm or cold drink when you take their temperature. For example, if your child has a sore throat and just had some soup to ease the pain, wait about 20 minutes for your child to reach his or her resting temperature for the most accurate temperature reading.

Have a Fever? When to Call Your Pediatrician

Depending on your child’s age, there can be different degrees of worry when it comes to fevers. Here is a quick guide for when it is time to call Pediatrics East:

• If your child is under three months old, any fever should be addressed. If his or her temperature is above 100.4 degrees, it is time to call us.
• For children ages three months to three years, call us if there is a fever of 102 degrees or higher.
• For all kids three years and older, a fever of 103 degrees or higher means it is time to call Pediatrics East.
• If a fever of 102 degrees or higher lasts for more than two days, please give us a call, too.

Along with these guidelines, it is important to call Pediatrics East if your baby has not received immunizations and has a fever. Also, please call your pediatrician if your child experiences excessive vomiting or diarrhea, if your child seems dehydrated, or if a serious rash is present with the fever.

READ MORE: Does My Child Have Allergies or a Cold?

If your child is experiencing more severe symptoms with their fever, it does make sense to skip calling Pediatrics East and head to the emergency room. Go to the emergency room in the following circumstances:

• Your child is not breathing or has trouble breathing
• Severe abdominal pain
• Your child has a seizure
• Your child has any other apparent problems, such as swelling or trouble swallowing

Low-grade Fever? What to Do Now

If your child (age six months and older) has a fever that registers above 100.4 degrees and below 102 degrees, you are in a bit of an in-between zone for the first couple of days. While it isn’t necessary to bring your child to Pediatrics East, you will need to keep your child home from daycare or school.

If there are other symptoms in addition to their fever, such as a sore throat, bad cough, or other issues, be sure to monitor the temperature every few hours. If his or her fever begins to rise, it can be a sign of an infection or virus that might need immediate attention. As mentioned above, if a fever persists for several days, give us a call.

Here are the steps you can take to help lower a fever:

• Give Tylenol (infant or kid variety, depending on their age).
• Take a lukewarm bath (not a cold or ice water bath) or a sponge bath.
• Give plenty of fluids, such as water and juices.
• Make sure your child gets plenty of rest.

No Fever, but Still Sick?

Does your child not have a fever, but still appears sick? Monitor his or her symptoms and temperature to determine whether the sickness is getting worse. The best thing you can do for your child is to keep fluids going, feed comforting foods, give lots of love, and call us if symptoms persist or worsen. To get a better idea of what may be bothering your child, check our Child Illnesses pages to learn more about what your child could be experiencing. Of course, you can always call our office to talk through any concerns or worries you have. 

More Resources

• Guide to Cough Season
• Guide to Ear Infections and Ear Aches
• Tips for Soothing a Fussy Baby
• Bath Time Safety for Kids
• Flu vs. COVID-19

Causes, types, symptoms and treatment for fever

Written by: Bronwen Watson

Reviewed by: Dr Tamlyn Maree

• Fever (Temperatures)
• Common causes and types of fever
• Signs and symptoms associated with fever
• Diagnosing and treating fever
• Risk factors and common complications of fever
• Fever FAQs

Defining fever

When a person’s body temperature temporarily increases, this is known as fever (also called controlled hyperthermia, pyrexia or elevated temperature). Often as a result of an illness, a fever is a symptom that something abnormal is happening in the body. How serious a fever is can be influenced by a person’s age, the underlying cause (which can sometimes be non-infectious in nature) and the temperature increase degree. A slightly elevated temperature may not always be as serious for an adult as it is likely to be for a young child (infant or toddler).

Fever is typically accompanied by a wave of fatigue or chills, and is often a response to an infection (viral or bacterial) or inflammation (due to tissue injury or illness). Non-infection causing fevers can be as a result of poisons, drugs, injuries to or abnormalities of the brain, heat exposure or endocrine diseases (problems with the glandular or hormonal system).

A typical fever (mild) should clear within a matter of days and can be treated with an assortment of available over-the-counter medications (or antipyretics). Sometimes a mild fever can clear on its own without the need for any medicinal treatment.

It has been noted that fever can also play a key role in helping the body’s immune system to naturally fend off a variety of infections (i.e. body temperature increases as a natural immune response to infection). The symptom of fever is one of the immune system’s natural attempts to get the better of an infection that is apparent in the body. The immune system alerts to the presence of an infection and ‘uses elevated body temperature’ to help resolve it. If body temperature (fever) is too high, the body cannot help to resolve whatever is wrong (i.e. neutralising some kind of bacterium or virus in the body) and the fever may result in serious side effects including dehydration, hallucinations and even convulsions.

A higher than normal increase in temperature can affect anyone of any age. A fever, alone, is not an illness, but does indicate that something not working as it should in the body. An infection of some kind is usually the underlying condition causing the symptom of fever. When severe, a fever is often a warning sign that the body is seriously unwell (a person may have a serious health condition) and needs prompt medical attention.

What is a normal body temperature?

A normal body temperature does vary from one person to the next, but is typically around 36 to 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Body temperature also tends to fluctuate at different times of the day – it is lower in the mornings and increases towards late afternoon and evening. Our body temperature is normally at its highest at around 6pm and at its lowest at around 3 in the morning. Some other factors which influence fluctuations in body temperature are intense exercise and for women, in particular, a menstrual cycle.

As a person’s body temperature increases, he or she may experience a temporary sensation of cold until the temperature plateaus (reaches its peak). A person experiencing a fever rarely does so without the presence of other symptoms. Most fevers are accompanied by a set of very specific symptoms. Together, a set of symptoms, including fever, can help a medical professional to be able to distinguish an underlying cause and diagnose a condition. The correct course of treatment can then be implemented so that a person can return to optimum health.

How does body temperature work?

The hypothalamus (pronounced hi-poe-THAL-uh-muhs) is a part of the brain which usually controls temperature in the body. The hypothalamus links the endocrine and nervous systems via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). This part of the brain is, in effect, the body’s own thermostat, which maintains a normal temperature through heating (such as increased metabolism) and cooling (such as sweating) mechanisms. The hypothalamus is effectively in the driver’s seat using key temperature sensors to control heating.

As skin temperature rises above its baseline, sweating begins and can increase rapidly. If body temperature drops below baseline, the control mechanisms initiate activity to conserve heat in the body and increase production of heat or warmth. This is done by means of the cessation of sweating, shivering (to increase the production of heat in the body’s muscles), the secretion of norepinephrine, thyroxine and epinephrine (hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate fight or flight, thyroid function and metabolism), and vasoconstriction (decreasing the flow of heat to the skin).

Fever-producing substances, or pyrogens, can enter the body and upset the natural flow of temperature, thus causing fever. Pyrogens are foreign to the body and typically come from a source outside of it (such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, illicit drugs or toxins), and stimulate additional pyrogens once inside. These effectively send a ‘message’ to the hypothalamus (known as neural feedback mechanisms) to increase body temperature. The effect is that the body’s normal heating mechanisms react by shivering and constricting blood vessels. The body is then primed to reach a new temperature that is higher than its normal baseline in order to eliminate temperature sensitive viruses and bacteria.

The body also produces its own pyrogens in response to inflammation causing fever (this is a natural response). These are known as endogenous pyrogens or cytokines.

Temperature devices (thermometers) can be used to determine a body temperature measurement. These devices can be inserted into a person’s mouth, rectum, axilla (under the armpit), skin or ear. Other devices which a medical professional may use have temperature-sensing probes that can record temperature while in use. These include laryngoscopes, rectal probes and bronchoscopes. A mercury thermometer is the most common device used, but digital thermometers with disposable probe covers are also regularly used. Rectal temperature measurements are generally more accurate (reflecting the core temperature) than those taken orally.

What temperature classifies as a fever?

• For babies or infants, a young child or teenager: When the body temperature exceeds 37.5 degrees Celsius (99.5 degrees Fahrenheit).
• For an adult: When the body temperature exceeds between 37.2 and 37.5 degrees Celsius (99 to 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit).

Fevers can be classified as:

• Low-grade: Temperatures range between 37.7 and 38.3 degrees Celsius (100 and 101 degrees Fahrenheit). If a low-grade fever doesn’t clear within 4 to 7 days, medical treatment should be sought out. If any fever persists, you must consult with you doctor for a thorough check-up.
• Intermediate: Temperatures of 38.8 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit) for an adult and ranging between 39.4 to 40 degrees Celsius (103 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) for an infant (0-6 months of age). If a fever reaches this stage, it is best to seek assistance from a medical professional as soon as possible. The more prompt you are at addressing the fever and having it checked, the better.
• High-grade: Temperatures range between 39. 4 and 41.6 degrees Celsius (103 and 107 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. Extremely high fever is known as hyperpyrexia and can be very dangerous or life-threatening.

Body temperature readings – celsius to fahrenheit conversions

When taking body temperature readings, these may be in celsius. To convert celsius to fahrenheit you can use the following equations: 

T_(°F) = T_(°C) × 9/5 + 32

or

T_(°F) = T_(°C) × 1.8 + 32

Or you can refer to the table below which details celsius to fahrenheit conversions for easy reference.

Celsius (°C)	Fahrenheit (°F)
35 °C	95 °F
35.1 °C	95.18 °F
35.2 °C	95.36 °F
35.3 °C	95.54 °F
35. 4 °C	95.72 °F
35.5 °C	95.9 °F
35.6 °C	96.08 °F
35.7°C	96.26 °F
35.8 °C	96.44 °F
35.9 °C	96.62 °F
36 °C	96.8 °F
36.1 °C	96.98 °F
36.2 °C	97.16 °F
36.3 °C	97.34 °F
36.4 °C	97.52 °F
36.5 °C	97.7 °F
36.6 °C	97.88 °F
36.7 °C	98.06 °F
36.8 °C	98.24 °F
36.9 °C	98.42 °F
37 °C	98.6 °F
37.1 °C	98.78 °F
37.2 °C	98.96 °F
37. 3 °C	99.14 °F
37.4 °C	99.32 °F
37.5 °C	99.5 °F
37.6 °C	99.68 °F
37.7 °C	99.86 °F
37.8 °C	100.04 °F
37.9 °C	100.22 °F
38 °C	100.4 °F
38.1 °C	100.58 °F
38.2 °C	100.76 °F
38.3 °C	100.94 °F
38.4 °C	101.12 °F
38.5 °C	101.3 °F
38.6 °C	101.48 °F
38.7 °C	101.66 °F
38.8 °C	101.84 °F
38.9 °C	102.02 °F
39 °C	102.2 °F
39.1°C	102.38 °F
39. 2 °C	102.56 °F
39.3 °C	102.74 °F
39.4 °C	102.92 °F
39.5 °C	103.1 °F
39.6 °C	103.28 °F
39.7 °C	103.46 °F
39.8 °C	103.6 °F

what to do, what is dangerous, the reasons why it lasts for a long time

Doctors distinguish four types of fever:

• subfebrile (37-37.9 degrees), 40-40.9)
• hyperpyrexia (from 41) ¹ .

High fever is an immune response to internal and external stimuli. Most often, such irritants are viruses, bacteria and the toxins they produce.

When irritants enter the body, the process of producing protein substances – cytokines, which our immune system produces in response to infection, starts. They act on the hypothalamus, an area of ​​the brain that is responsible for thermoregulation ² . As a result, heat production in the body increases. A temperature of up to 38.5 is considered a normal reaction to the invasion of the infection and helps to neutralize it.

But an increase in temperature over 38.5 is quite dangerous for the body. Dehydration occurs, blood viscosity increases, and blood pressure rises. The load on the lungs, heart, blood vessels and kidneys increases. When the body temperature rises to 40 degrees and above, the immune response is suppressed ³ . In addition, organ overload can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal failure.

Causes of a temperature of 40 in an adult

Hyperthermia (high temperature) can be a symptom of various diseases, so you cannot do without a specialist consultation.

The main causes of a temperature of 40 degrees in adults:

• endocrine emergencies – thyrotoxic crisis, pheochromocytoma;
• heat stroke;
• head injuries and strokes;
• oncological diseases;
• autoimmune pathologies – rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus;
• purulent processes in the abdominal cavity;
• taking certain medications;
• inflammation of a bacterial nature: sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia;
• infectious diseases: Lyme disease, tuberculosis, typhoid, HIV.

In addition to fever, a person may develop other unpleasant symptoms: chills, headache, weakness, muscle and joint pain, tinnitus. All of them are associated with intoxication, metabolic disorders and heat transfer in the body. But in some cases the temperature is 40 ° C in adults is observed without the presence of other symptoms.

What to do if the temperature is 40 in an adult

Not every fever requires knocking down. But if the thermometer shows 40, you definitely need to take action.

Antipyretics such as paracetamol or NSAIDs, most commonly ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, can be used at home. All other medicines can be used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Cool body

Hypothermia is often used when the temperature rises above 40 in adults – lowering the temperature.

Hypothermia can be external (external) and internal ⁴ . Internal hypothermia is performed by doctors using special tools. At home, it is possible to apply only external cooling methods.

How is external cooling carried out? It is necessary to remove excess clothing from a person, apply cold to the head and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe main vessels (neck, groin, armpits), wipe the body with a damp sponge (towel).

Prevent dehydration

Everyone knows that the human body is made up of water. With dehydration, there is a loss of fluid, while the acid-base balance changes, and the work of many internal organs is disrupted. It is believed that the loss of 20% of water can be fatal. Therefore, it is extremely important to prevent dehydration.

To do this, the patient is given water-salt solutions, which can be prepared independently or bought at a pharmacy. The amount of water is calculated based on body weight.

Call a doctor

You cannot make a correct diagnosis on your own at home. Especially if the adult has a temperature of 40, but there are no other symptoms. Therefore, after first aid measures, you need to consult a doctor. The main thing is to act immediately.

Before the arrival of the doctor, the patient must be put to bed, having previously changed into light clothes. Do not forget to give plenty of drink – the best is ordinary water, weak tea, rosehip broth at room temperature. You can wipe the patient with a slightly warm towel, starting with the face and forehead, ending with the legs.

Popular questions and answers

Fever under 40, and even without accompanying symptoms, is an infrequent phenomenon. It is not surprising that everyone can be frightened and confused at the sight of such numbers on a thermometer. The most popular questions are answered by our expert, doctor-therapist and ultrasound Aigul Kharisova.

Why is a temperature of 40 in an adult dangerous?

– High fever is a very dangerous symptom for both adults and children. Especially when the thermometer reads 40 C and above. Such a fever leads to dehydration, disruption of the internal organs, irreversible changes in the nervous system. Sometimes at this temperature hallucinations and convulsions appear.

Therefore, with such a fever, you should not self-medicate, but you should consult a doctor or call an ambulance.

When to call a doctor with a temperature of 40?

— It is imperative to call a doctor if:
• high temperature rises for no apparent reason;
• fever persists for more than 5 days, with treatment the temperature drops and then rises again;
• the patient has a strong thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, urination has stopped;
• convulsions appeared, a person has confused consciousness, he does not orient himself in space.

What can not be done at a temperature of 40?

— Do not wrap up when the temperature is high. On the contrary, the patient should be dressed in light clothing. In addition, you should not take a hot shower, go to the sauna. Doing alcohol compresses is also not recommended: the temperature decreases only for a while, then rises again.

In case of hyperthermia, it is also impossible to put mustard plasters on the legs and chest, the temperature from such measures can rise even higher. You can not drink alcoholic beverages, wipe with vinegar. All these methods can be harmful to health: there is a risk of burns.

Why does the temperature stay at 40 for a long time?

– The period of maintaining a temperature at a high level depends on the cause of hyperthermia, on the treatment and the condition of the body. Usually, the high temperature lasts up to 3-5 days, in severe forms of the disease it can last longer. With some infections (tuberculosis, bronchitis), the high temperature lasts for a long time.

Temperature fluctuations during the day are different: by 17-19 hours the temperatures are the highest. By morning, the temperature usually drops.

Very dangerous is the so-called debilitating fever, which is characterized by sharp temperature fluctuations (with a rapid rise and fall), sometimes repeated two or three times during the day. There is such a fever, for example, with sepsis.

Sources :

1. Differential diagnosis of infectious diseases. Guide for doctors. A.P. Kazantsev, T.M. Zubik, K.S. Ivanov, V.A. Kazantsev. Medical news agency. M, 1999. http://dissers.ru/1/12482-1-scanned-shtrumpel-kazancev-zubik-ivanov-kazancev-differencialnaya-diagnostika-infekcionnih-bolezney.php
2. Differential diagnosis of febrile conditions in an emergency hospital. A.V. Budnevsky, I.E. Esaulenko, V.I. Grechkin, B.B. Romashov. Clinical medicine. 2016.94(6). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/differentsialnaya-diagnostika-lihoradochnyh-sostoyaniy-v-bolnitse-skoroy-meditsinskoy-pomoschi/viewer
3. Temperature management in intensive care: topical issues. K.A. Popugaev, A.A. Solodov, V.S. Suryakhin, I.N. Tyurin, S.S. Petrikov. Anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2019. No. 3. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/upravlenie-temperaturoy-v-intensivnoy-terapii-aktualnye-voprosy/viewer
4. Hyperthermia and antipyretic therapy in cerebral infarction. D.V. Sadchikov, S.N. Kotov. Bulletin of anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2013. Volume 10. No. 1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gipertermiya-i-antipireticheskaya-terapiya-pri-infarkte-mozga/viewer

A child has a high temperature, what should I do?

Parents are afraid of fever in young children and rush to bring it down. And the doctors say that it is not necessary to do this. Why?

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• Why you should not immediately give antipyretics at a temperature in children
• When to give antipyretics to a child
• The best way to reduce the temperature of a child
• How not to reduce the temperature of children
• Temperature in a child during teething

A child has a high temperature – what should I do?

Why not immediately, as soon as the temperature rises, give the child antipyretics?

Fever is a natural reaction to an infection or inflammation that has entered the body,
by itself, it does not harm the body, but only speaks of trouble in it. From promotion
temperatures even have a benefit!

Firstly, “heaviness in the whole body”, which accompanies it, makes the child
reduce activity, do not jump, but go to bed, which helps the body fight the disease.

Secondly, high temperature is necessary for the development of a full-fledged immune response: a number
protective substances, such as interferon, are released only at temperatures above 38 degrees. The exchange is getting stronger
substances, antibodies that fight viruses and bacteria begin to be produced 11 times faster,
blood circulates at least 2 times faster to immediately deliver antibodies to affected cells
and bodies.

Thirdly, temperature is a valuable witness. With most viral infections, it keeps
only 2-3 days, while with bacterial (for example, with otitis media or pneumonia) – 3, 4 or more days,
indicating the need to prescribe antibiotics to the patient.

So do not rush to reduce the temperature until the doctor has seen the child.

But isn’t heat dangerous sometimes? For whom?

Yes, there are cases where the temperature in children can cause hyperthermia, so it must be immediately reduced and called
“ambulance”.

Antipyretics should be given on several occasions.

• If a child has a “malignant temperature”: he is “burning”, but cold to the touch,
  the skin is pale bluish in color with marbled spotting due to spasm of the skin vessels. At the same time, it is mandatory
  it is necessary to rub with a terry towel – dry or wet – until the skin turns red, until it opens
  vessels and release of excess heat. Fortunately, this condition is not often observed in children.
• High fever can be dangerous for infants in the first two months and for children who have had seizures before.
  – they need to reduce it, starting from 38.0 degrees.
• If in older children the temperature is accompanied by muscle pain, this is also a reason to give an antipyretic
  means.
• It is also necessary to urgently reduce the temperature if the child has delirium, clouding of consciousness or he does not come
  into yourself. And, of course, immediately call an ambulance.

The rest should reduce the temperature only after 39.0−39.5 degrees.

What is the best way to lower a child’s temperature?

To reduce the temperature, you can use folk remedies: give the child tea with honey or raspberries,
with lime color. Now he needs to drink
as much as possible: a child with a high temperature not only sweats, but also breathes more often,
therefore loses more moisture.

You can dry your body with a towel dampened with warm water. Water, evaporating, increases heat transfer. Then cover
baby with a thin blanket. Do not use vinegar or vodka for wiping! After this procedure, the child will
shiver, shivering will increase body temperature and nullify the rubdown effect. In addition, alcohol
penetrates the skin and can cause a toxic reaction, and alcohol vapors irritate the lungs and respiratory
way.

An adult child can be placed under a warm shower. Both sponging and shower will reduce the temperature by 1-1.5
degrees.

Unroll the baby and keep naked for a couple of minutes. Remove the diaper from him, he covers 30% of the area
baby’s body. At elevated temperatures, the diaper turns into a heating pad.

Pharmaceutical advocates may be advised paracetamol or ibuprofen tablets, syrup,
drops or suppositories. These drugs have a minimum of side effects.

In no case do not give aspirin to a child with SARS! He can
cause Reye’s syndrome – a severe lesion of the liver and brain. Be careful: aspirin
acetylsalicylic acid – found in more than 40 preparations for “colds” and flu. Also
do not give children analgin. Analgesics sometimes cause shock reactions in which the body temperature drops in the child
up to 33-34 degrees and stays at this level for several days.

It is impossible to lower the temperature with nimesulide, which is sometimes recommended in pharmacies –
he is toxic.

A single dose of paracetamol per 1 kg of a child’s weight is 10-15 mg, ibuprofen – 5-10 mg.
Children should not be given more than 60 mg of paracetamol per day, the daily dose of ibuprofen is 30 mg per kg
weight.

When taking tablets or syrup, the temperature decreases after half an hour or an hour and does not rise again 3-5
hours. The effect of candles makes itself felt only after 3 hours, but lasts longer. Repeat dose at
a new increase in temperature can be given only after 4 hours.

If high fever persists for more than 2-3 days,
be sure to see a doctor.

Temperature when teething

Why does a baby have a fever when teething?

This is not always the case. Sometimes you can find out about the appearance of a new tooth only by accidentally knocking on it.