How long does acute sinusitis typically last. What are the main causes of acute sinusitis. What symptoms should you look out for in acute sinusitis. How is acute sinusitis diagnosed and treated effectively. What complications can arise from acute sinusitis. How can you prevent acute sinusitis.

Understanding Acute Sinusitis: A Comprehensive Overview

Acute sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It involves the inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull connected to the nasal passages. This condition can cause significant discomfort and interfere with daily activities if left untreated.

How long does acute sinusitis typically last? Acute sinusitis usually resolves within 10 days to four weeks. While symptoms may improve on their own within about 10 days, some cases can persist for up to three or four weeks. It’s important to monitor your symptoms and seek medical attention if they worsen or persist beyond this timeframe.

Common Causes and Risk Factors of Acute Sinusitis

Acute sinusitis can be triggered by various factors, with viral infections being the most common cause. Other potential causes include:

• Bacterial infections
• Allergies
• Fungal infections (less common)
• Environmental irritants

Are certain individuals more susceptible to acute sinusitis? Yes, some people have a higher risk of developing this condition. Risk factors include:

• Allergies
• Structural abnormalities in the nose (e.g., deviated septum)
• Nasal polyps
• Frequent exposure to infections (e.g., in preschools or daycare centers)
• Weakened immune system
• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

Recognizing the Symptoms of Acute Sinusitis

Identifying the symptoms of acute sinusitis is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. The main symptoms include:

• Facial pain, pressure, or tenderness
• Nasal congestion
• Thick yellow or green nasal discharge
• Loss of smell and taste
• Cough
• Bad breath

Can acute sinusitis cause additional symptoms? Yes, some people may also experience:

• Fatigue
• Headache
• Fever
• Ear pressure or fullness
• Dental pain

Diagnosing Acute Sinusitis: What to Expect

How is acute sinusitis typically diagnosed? The diagnosis of acute sinusitis usually involves a combination of the following:

1. Medical history review: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, their duration, and any factors that may have triggered them.
2. Physical examination: This includes examining your ears, nose, and throat for signs of inflammation, blockage, or discharge.
3. Nasal endoscopy: In some cases, a thin, flexible tube with a camera may be used to examine the nasal passages and sinuses more closely.
4. Imaging tests: If complications are suspected or symptoms are severe, your doctor may order a CT scan or MRI to get a detailed view of your sinuses.

Are allergy tests necessary for diagnosing acute sinusitis? Not always, but if allergies are suspected as a contributing factor, your doctor may recommend allergy testing to identify specific triggers and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Acute Sinusitis

The treatment of acute sinusitis aims to relieve symptoms and address the underlying cause. In many cases, the condition resolves on its own within 7-10 days. However, various treatment options are available to manage symptoms and speed up recovery:

1. Over-the-Counter Medications

• Nasal decongestants
• Pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
• Saline nasal sprays

2. Prescription Medications

• Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
• Corticosteroid nasal sprays
• Oral corticosteroids (in severe cases)

3. Home Remedies

• Nasal irrigation with saline solution
• Steam inhalation
• Applying warm compresses to the face
• Staying hydrated
• Getting plenty of rest

When are antibiotics necessary for treating acute sinusitis? Antibiotics are typically prescribed only when a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed. Most cases of acute sinusitis are caused by viruses and do not require antibiotic treatment.

Potential Complications of Acute Sinusitis

While complications from acute sinusitis are rare, they can occur in some cases. Potential complications include:

• Chronic sinusitis: When symptoms persist for more than 12 weeks
• Spread of infection: In rare cases, the infection can spread to nearby structures, such as the eyes, brain, or bones
• Meningitis: Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
• Vision problems: If the infection spreads to the eye area
• Blood clots: Rarely, infection can lead to blood clots in the veins around the sinuses

How can you recognize if acute sinusitis is developing into a more serious condition? Watch for the following warning signs:

• Severe headache or facial pain
• High fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C)
• Changes in vision
• Swelling around the eyes
• Confusion or altered mental state
• Stiff neck

Preventing Acute Sinusitis: Practical Tips and Strategies

While it’s not always possible to prevent acute sinusitis, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk:

1. Practice good hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially during cold and flu season.
2. Manage allergies: If you have allergies, work with your doctor to develop an effective management plan.
3. Avoid irritants: Stay away from smoke, strong chemicals, and other airborne irritants that can trigger inflammation.
4. Use a humidifier: Keeping the air in your home moist can help prevent nasal passages from drying out.
5. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps thin mucus and promotes drainage.
6. Boost your immune system: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep to support your body’s natural defenses.
7. Consider nasal irrigation: Regular use of a saline nasal rinse can help keep your nasal passages clear and moisturized.

Can dietary changes help prevent acute sinusitis? While there’s no specific diet that prevents sinusitis, consuming foods rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties may support overall sinus health. These include:

• Fruits and vegetables (especially those high in vitamin C)
• Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseed, and walnuts)
• Garlic and onions (known for their antimicrobial properties)
• Green tea (contains antioxidants and natural antihistamines)

When to Seek Medical Attention for Acute Sinusitis

While many cases of acute sinusitis resolve on their own, it’s important to know when to consult a healthcare provider. Consider seeking medical attention if:

• Symptoms persist for more than 10 days without improvement
• Symptoms worsen after initially improving (“double sickening”)
• You experience severe symptoms, such as high fever or intense facial pain
• You have recurring episodes of acute sinusitis
• You have underlying health conditions that may complicate sinusitis (e.g., asthma, immunodeficiency)

How can you prepare for a doctor’s appointment regarding acute sinusitis? To make the most of your visit:

1. Keep a symptom diary: Note when your symptoms started, their severity, and any factors that seem to worsen or improve them.
2. List your medications: Include all prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as any supplements you’re taking.
3. Prepare questions: Write down any concerns or questions you have about your condition.
4. Bring your medical history: Include information about any past sinus problems or related conditions.

Understanding acute sinusitis, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you manage this common condition effectively. By recognizing the signs early and taking appropriate preventive measures, you can reduce the frequency and severity of acute sinusitis episodes. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience persistent or severe symptoms, as proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a speedy recovery and prevention of potential complications.

Acute Sinusitis; Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Overview

What is acute sinusitis?

Acute sinusitis is a short-term inflammation of the sinuses, most often including a sinus infection. (Sinusitis is also known as rhinosinusitis because the swelling almost always includes nasal tissue as well as sinus tissue.) The sinuses are four paired cavities (spaces) in the head. They are connected by narrow channels. The sinuses make thin mucus that drains out of the channels of the nose, cleaning the nose. Typically filled with air, the sinuses can become blocked by fluid and swell from irritation. When this happens, they can become infected.

How long does acute sinusitis last?

Acute sinusitis lasts less than a month. Your symptoms may go away by themselves within about 10 days, but it may take up to three or four weeks.

What are risk factors for acute sinusitis?

Some people are more likely than others to get acute sinusitis. These include:

• People who have allergies.
• People who have structural problems with their noses (like a deviated septum) or polyps, which are growths that can hang inside noses or sinus cavities.
• People who spend a great deal of time in places where infections happen, like preschools or day cares.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes acute sinusitis?

Acute sinusitis is often caused by a common cold or allergies. It can also be caused by a bacterial infection or fungus that causes the sinuses to swell and become blocked.

What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis?

The main symptoms include:

• Facial pain/pressure/tenderness.
• Stuffy nose.
• Thick yellow or green nasal discharge.
• Loss of smell and taste.
• Congestion/cough.
• Bad breath.

You may also experience:

Diagnosis and Tests

How is acute sinusitis diagnosed?

Acute sinusitis is usually diagnosed by discussing all of your symptoms and medical history with your doctor. In a physical exam, your doctor will look at the ears, nose, and throat to check for any blockage, swelling, and drainage. If allergies are suspected, your doctor will can have an allergy test performed to determine what allergens might be the cause of your sinusitis.

Management and Treatment

How is acute sinusitis treated?

Acute sinusitis is typically a short-term condition that is not too severe. For many people, little or no treatment is needed. Most people get better on their own after seven to 10 days.

Antibiotics are only helpful for bacterial infections. Most sinusitis is due to viruses or other causes that are not cured by antibiotics.

Other treatment options include ways to manage your symptoms. You can:

• Try nasal sprays (like nasal steroids) and decongestants. You should not use over-the-counter medicated nose sprays longer than three days unless your healthcare provider says you should.
• Get extra rest and drink extra fluids.
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen if you have significant pain.
• Irrigate (clean) your nasal passages with saline solution. Since this is just salt and sterile water applied to the nose for cleaning, you can continue longer than five days.

What are complications of acute sinusitis?

There are rarely complications to acute sinusitis. You are likely to recover on your own. However, it is possible in very rare cases that an infection could spread farther into other spaces in your nervous system, like your brain, eyes, or spinal cord.

Prevention

How do I prevent acute sinusitis?

Do not smoke. Smoking is not good for you or for people around you, since this can cause mucous to become clogged in the nose/sinuses. Avoid being around second-hand smoke, as well as other triggers like animal dander, dust, mold and pollen. Take pains to prevent sinus and other infections by:

• Washing your hands well before and after eating and after using the bathroom.
• Staying away from sick people.
• Treating your allergies, possibly with nasal steroid therapy or immunotherapy (primarily known as allergy shots).
• Keeping your body and your immune system in good shape by eating well (lots of vegetables and fruits) and staying hydrated.
• Using a humidifier if your house is dry or an air purifier. Make sure to clean your equipment regularly.
• Irrigating your nose when necessary with a saline rinse.

Living With

When should I call my healthcare provider about sinusitis?

Though many cases of acute sinusitis can improve with little to no treatment, you should call the doctor if you experience any painful symptoms. An antibiotic may be needed for a bacterial infection.

If you find that your sinuses do not feel better after 10 days, symptoms have gotten worse, or you have symptoms that initially improved and then worsen five to six days later (“double sickening”), you should contact your healthcare provider. Symptoms that continue after about four weeks may mean you have subacute or chronic sinusitis. If you develop other types of symptoms, such as severe eye swelling, or you are just not sure what you should do next, call your provider.

If you have facial pain, and you have healthy teeth, you can try things like nasal rinses and warm, wet washcloths on your face to see if you find some relief. If so, and if your symptoms go away in about 10 days, you probably have had acute sinusitis and it has gotten better on its own. If not, and you continue to feel ill after three or four weeks, call your provider.

How Long Do Sinus Infections Last? | Eastern Oklahoma ENT

The in-between season when spring turns into summer is full of blooming flowers, billowing trees and catching of colds. But if your runny nose and headache seems to be sticking around for longer than usual, you may be experiencing something else—a sinus infection.

Understanding what causes a sinus infection and how long they typically last can help you seek treatment in a timely manner.

What Is a Sinus Infection?

Your sinuses are pockets in the face next to the nose that are typically full of air. When your sinuses become infected, the mucus that lines the sinuses becomes inflamed. This is known as sinusitis, more commonly known as a sinus infection.

Common sinus infection symptoms include:

• Nasal congestion
• Discolored mucus
• Post-nasal drainage
• Facial pain/pressure
• Decreased smell and taste

Some patients develop tooth pain, a sore throat, bad breath and a cough.

Sinus infections are common. An estimated 31 million Americans experience a sinus infection each year.

Is the Color of Your Mucus Important?

Many believe that the color of your mucus changes depending on if you are suffering from a bacterial or viral infection. According to Dr. Donald Ford, a family medicine physician in Ohio, this is a myth.

“The green-yellow color of mucus that can develop is a byproduct of our own white blood cells, which we use to fight any kind of infection, viral or bacterial, so we can’t tell the cause from the color of the mucus,” he explained. “When mucus is thick and dark it usually suggests some mild dehydration, and you should increase fluid intake and use lots of saline spray to keep the mucus thin.”

Two Types of Sinus Infections

Determining how long your sinus infection will last is dependent on what type you are experiencing. Acute sinusitis lasts for less than four weeks. Chronic sinusitis can last for more than 12 weeks.

The majority of sinus infection sufferers will see their symptoms start to resolve after about 10 days. While one to two infections a year is considering normal, more than four requires medical attention.

If you are experiencing chronic sinusitis with a single infection lasting three months at a time, there may be other factors to consider. Environmental factors such as smoking or allergies are common causes of developing chronic sinusitis.

How Are Sinus Infections Treated?

The best course of action for a sinus infection is the wait-and-see approach with the addition of over-the-counter nasal sprays and oral decongestants.

If your symptoms do not improve after 10 days, you should make an appointment with your ear, nose and throat doctor, as you may require antibiotics.

For those suffering from chronic sinusitis with no relief from medication, surgery may be an option.

To learn more about treating your sinus infection or to schedule an appointment with your ear, nose and throat expert, contact Eastern Oklahoma ENT today.

Sinusitis | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

What is sinusitis?

Sinus infections often follow a cold and cause pain and pressure in your head and face.

Sinusitis can be either acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term). With chronic sinusitis, the infection or inflammation does not completely go away for 12 weeks or more.

What causes sinusitis?

Sinusitis can be caused by three things:

• Viruses.
• Bacteria.
• Fungi.

The same viruses that cause the common cold cause most cases of sinusitis.

When the lining of the sinus cavities gets inflamed from a viral infection like a cold, it swells. This is viral sinusitis. The swelling can block the normal drainage of fluid from the sinuses into the nose and throat. If the fluid cannot drain and builds up over time, bacteria or fungi (plural of fungus) may start to grow in it. These bacterial or fungal infections can cause more swelling and pain. They are more likely to last longer, get worse with time, and become chronic.

Nasal allergies or other problems that block the nasal passages and allow fluid to build up in the sinuses can also lead to sinusitis.

What are the symptoms?

The main symptoms of sinusitis are a runny or stuffy nose and pain and pressure in your head and face. You may also have a yellow or green drainage or drip from your nose or down the back of your throat (postnasal discharge). Where you feel the pain and tenderness depends on which sinus is affected.

Other common symptoms of sinusitis may include:

• A headache.
• Bad breath.
• A cough that produces mucus.
• A fever.
• Pain in your teeth.
• A reduced sense of taste or smell.

How is sinusitis diagnosed?

Your doctor can tell if you have sinusitis by asking questions about your past health and doing a physical exam. You probably won’t need any other tests.

How is it treated?

Viral sinus infections usually go away on their own within 10 to 14 days. Antibiotics don’t work for viral infections. But there are some things you can do at home to help relieve your symptoms:

• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Put a hot, damp towel or gel pack on your face for 5 to 10 minutes at a time, several times a day.
• Breathe warm, moist air from a steamy shower, a hot bath, or a sink filled with hot water.
• Use saline nose drops and sprays to keep the nasal passages moist and use saline nasal washes to help keep the nasal passages open and wash out mucus and bacteria.
• Try over-the-counter medicine to help relieve pain and pressure in your head and face.

Home treatments may help drain mucus from the sinuses and prevent a more serious bacterial or fungal infection.

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics. You will probably feel better in a few days, but some symptoms may last for several weeks. You may need to take the medicine for a longer time if you have chronic sinusitis.

If you have a fungal infection—which is not common—antibiotics won’t clear up your sinusitis. With this type of infection, you may need treatment with antifungal medicines, steroid medicines, or surgery.

If you have taken antibiotics and other medicines for a long time but still have sinusitis symptoms, you may need surgery. You may also need surgery if the infection is likely to spread or if you have other problems, such as a growth (polyp) blocking the nasal passage.

Cause

Sinusitis is most often the result of a viral infection that causes the mucous membrane lining the inside of the nose and the sinuses to become inflamed.

• The mucous membrane swells when it becomes inflamed, blocking the drainage of fluid from the sinuses into the nose and throat.
• Mucus and fluid build up inside the sinuses, causing pressure and pain.
• Bacteria are more likely to grow in sinuses that are unable to drain properly. Bacterial infection in the sinuses often causes more inflammation and pain.

Colds usually trigger this process, but any factor that causes the mucous membrane to become inflamed may lead to sinusitis. Many people with nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis), for instance, are likely to have recurring or long-term (chronic) sinus infections. Nasal polyps, foreign objects (usually in children), structural problems in the nose such as a deviated septum, and other conditions can also block the nasal passages, increasing the risk of sinusitis.

Fungal infections
may also cause sinusitis. This is especially true in people with impaired immune systems. Fungal sinusitis tends to be chronic and harder to treat than bacterial sinusitis.

Symptoms

Pain and pressure in the face along with a stuffy or runny nose are the main symptoms of sinusitis. You also may have a yellow or greenish discharge from your nose. Leaning forward or moving your head often increases facial pain and pressure.

The location of pain and tenderness may depend on which sinus is affected.

Other common symptoms of sinusitis include:

• Headache.
• Yellow or greenish discharge from the nose or down the back of the throat.
• Bad breath.
• Stuffy nose.
• Cough that produces mucus.
• Fever.
• Tooth pain.
• Reduced sense of taste or smell.

Acute (sudden) sinusitis is usually caused by a viral infection and often develops rapidly. It usually lasts for 4 weeks or less, and the symptoms often begin to clear up within a week without any treatment. Acute sinusitis caused by a bacterial infection is less likely to clear up on its own and may lead to chronic sinusitis or to complications in which the infection spreads beyond the sinuses. Nasal discharge that contains pus and gets worse after 5 days or persists for more than 10 days may be a sign of acute sinusitis caused by a bacterial infection.

Chronic (long-term) sinusitis is usually caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. These infections may be difficult to treat. If chronic sinusitis is not cured after trying two or more different antibiotics, you may want to talk with your doctor about surgery or allergy testing. Chronic sinusitis can lead to permanent changes in the mucous membranes that line the sinuses and may make you more prone to sinus infections.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children include coughing, nasal discharge that lasts more than 7 to 10 days, and complaints of headache and facial pain. Many children age 2 or older with chronic sinusitis may also have allergies and frequent ear infections.

Other conditions that have symptoms similar to sinusitis may include allergies, toothaches, and colds or other upper respiratory infections. But if you’ve had a cold that returns or gets worse after 7 days, you may have a sinus infection rather than a cold or other upper respiratory infection.

What Happens

There are two types of sinusitis: acute (sudden onset) and chronic (long-term). Sinusitis often develops after a cold or viral infection. Most sinus infections improve on their own, but sometimes they develop into a bacterial infection—swelling, inflammation, and mucus production caused by the cold can lead to blockage in the nasal passages, which may encourage the growth of bacteria.

Acute sinusitis, whether viral or bacterial, may develop into chronic inflammation or infections that may last 12 weeks or longer. Chronic sinusitis can lead to permanent changes in the mucous membranes that line the sinuses. As a result of these changes, you may become prone to having more sinus infections that may become more difficult to treat.

Complications of sinusitis (such as meningitis or an infection of the facial bones called osteomyelitis) are rare. But when complications occur, they may be life-threatening and often require extensive medical or surgical treatment.

What Increases Your Risk

Your risk of sinusitis increases if you have recently had a cold, another viral or bacterial infection, or an upper respiratory tract infection. Also, chronic nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) can lead to sinusitis.

Sometimes a deviated septum, broken nose, or growths such as nasal polyps can make you more susceptible to sinus infections. Problems with nasal structure can prevent the proper flow of mucus from the sinuses into the nose.

Other factors that increase your risk for getting sinus infections include having asthma, smoking, air pollution, overuse of decongestant sprays, cold weather, rapid air pressure changes (such as from flying or scuba diving), and swimming in contaminated water. Also, using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat sleep apnea may increase the risk of sinusitis.

When should you call your doctor?

Call your doctor if sinusitis does not improve after 2 days of home treatment and you have symptoms such as:

• Pain in the face or upper teeth.
• Pain extending from the bridge of the nose to the lower eyelid.
• Headache that is not relieved by an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
• Fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher.
• Nasal discharge that starts out clear and later becomes thick and discolored (yellow or green).
• Cold symptoms that last longer than 10 days or get worse after the first 7 days.
• Mild or chronic pain in the face that lasts longer than a month, has changed, or has not been checked by a doctor.
• Not feeling any better within 3 to 5 days after starting antibiotics for your sinus infection.

Watchful waiting

Watchful waiting is appropriate if you have symptoms of an early sinus infection (such as pain and pressure in your head along with a stuffy or runny nose). An early sinus infection can often be treated at home if you are in good health. If you develop symptoms of a sinus infection, start home treatment, such as drinking lots of fluids and breathing steam from a warm shower, and use the guidelines above to decide whether you need to call a doctor.

Who to see

Sinusitis may be diagnosed by any of the following health professionals:

Your doctor may refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (also called an otolaryngologist) who can provide a more specialized examination of the nasal passages and upper throat. Referral to an ENT specialist may be beneficial for people in whom nasal polyps or other conditions causing blockage of the nasal cavity are suspected. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of chronic or complicated cases of sinusitis may be done by an ENT specialist.

An infectious disease specialist may be needed when sinusitis is caused by something unusual or when rare complications (such as an infection of the facial bones) occur. An allergist may be needed when allergies are suspected to be causing or contributing to sinus problems.

Exams and Tests

Diagnosis of sinusitis is usually based on your medical history and physical exam. A detailed history of the problem often can be of more value to the diagnosis than a physical exam. If the symptoms and physical findings are typical of sinusitis, further testing is usually not needed.

Additional tests may be done if:

• The diagnosis is not clear.
• Antibiotic treatment has failed to clear up the problem.
• Complications (such as a bone infection) are suspected.
• Surgery is being considered.

Imaging tests may be used when symptoms of sinusitis persist or recur despite treatment, or to look for tumors or other growths when there is bleeding or bloody discharge from the nose. They include:

• Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and face, which provides a detailed image of sinus structures. A CT scan may help evaluate severe or chronic sinusitis, identify suspected complications of sinusitis, or rule out other conditions. It is not used to diagnose acute sinusitis.
• Sinus X-ray, which may be done to confirm a suspected case of sinusitis. An X-ray produces a picture of dense tissues inside the body. But a CT scan provides better information.

Less often, other tests may be done by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (also called an otolaryngologist) or by an allergist. These tests may include:

Treatment Overview

Sinusitis is treated with medicines and home treatment, such as applying moist heat to your face. The goals of treatment for sinusitis are to:

• Improve drainage of mucus and reduce swelling in the sinuses.
• Relieve pain and pressure.
• Clear up any infection.
• Prevent the formation of scar tissue, and avoid permanent damage to the tissues lining the nose and sinuses.

For more information, see Home Treatment and Medications.

At first while being treated for acute or chronic sinusitis, you may begin to feel better from antibiotics and home treatment, but sometimes your symptoms become worse and additional treatment may be needed.

For acute sinusitis

Short-term (acute) sinusitis usually lasts less than 4 weeks. Up to two-thirds of people with acute sinusitis improve on their own without antibiotic treatment. ^{footnote 1} Sinus infections are commonly caused by viral infections, which do not respond to antibiotics. Talking with your doctor will help you determine whether treatment with antibiotics is needed for your acute sinus infection.

Most people recover completely when treated with an antibiotic for acute sinusitis that is caused by a bacterial infection. The number of days you take antibiotics depends on the antibiotic and how bad the infection is. When you are prescribed an antibiotic, be sure to take it until it is gone, even if you feel better. Always take an antibiotic exactly as your doctor tells you, or the infection may not go away completely.

For chronic sinusitis

Sinusitis that lasts 12 weeks or longer is called chronic sinusitis. It is more difficult to treat and responds more slowly to antibiotics than acute sinusitis.

Antibiotic therapy is usually recommended for chronic sinusitis and may require a longer course of treatment. You may need to try more than one antibiotic. A corticosteroid nasal spray that reduces inflammation and swelling of the lining of the nasal passages may also be used during treatment.

In some people, a sinus infection may be caused by a fungus or a bacterium other than those normally associated with sinusitis. People who have an impaired immune system are at risk for these unusual infections. It also may include people who must use an oral or inhaled corticosteroid medicine (such as prednisone). Fungal sinusitis, which accounts for a significant number of chronic sinusitis cases, does not respond to antibiotic treatment and may need treatment with antifungal medicines, corticosteroids, or surgery.

Surgery may be required if you have taken antibiotics for an extended period of time but still have symptoms or when complications (such as infection of facial bones) are likely.

What to think about

Sinusitis may be difficult to diagnose, because it often causes the same symptoms as a cold or other viral illness, especially in its early stages. It can be particularly difficult to identify sinusitis in children. If your child or you have frequent sinus infections, learn what signs to watch for, and begin home treatment immediately.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are often vague and may not respond well to treatment. It may take time and patience to find a successful treatment.

Prevention

There are several ways you may reduce your chance of getting sinusitis:

• Treat stuffiness (nasal congestion) caused by colds or allergies promptly. This can help you prevent a bacterial infection from developing in your sinuses.
• Avoid contact with people who have colds and other viral upper respiratory infections. If you do have contact with people who have these infections, wash your hands often, especially after being in contact with those who are infected.
• Avoid cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoke in your home and workplace. Smoke causes and further irritates inflamed membranes in your nose and sinuses.
• If you have allergies, avoid the things that trigger your allergy attacks. Consider talking to your doctor about immunotherapy, such as allergy shots. For more information, see the topic Allergic Rhinitis.
• Avoid breathing dry air. Consider using a humidifier at home and work to increase the moisture in the air.

Make sure your child gets all the recommended immunizations. Some immunizations, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, may help prevent ear and sinus infections.

Home Treatment

Home treatment may relieve symptoms of pain and pressure associated with short-term (acute) sinusitis. Home treatment may improve drainage of mucus from the sinuses and prevent the need for antibiotics.

• Drink plenty of fluids to help keep your mucus thin.
• Apply moist heat (using a hot, damp towel or gel pack) to your face for 5 to 10 minutes, several times a day.
• Breathe warm, moist air from a steamy shower, a hot bath, or a sink filled with hot water. Avoid extremely cool, dry air. Consider using a humidifier to increase the moisture in the air in your home.
• Use saltwater nasal washes (saline lavage or irrigation) to help keep the nasal passages open and wash out mucus and bacteria. You can purchase saline nose drops or sprays at a pharmacy or make your own saline solution at home. If you make saline at home, use distilled water or water that has been boiled and then cooled. People who have postnasal drip and are around age 8 and older may also find it helpful to gargle often with warm salt water. This can help prevent a sore throat.
• If you need to blow your nose, do it gently. Forceful blowing may force thick mucus back into your sinuses and block them. Keep both nostrils open when blowing your nose.
• Avoid alcohol. It causes swelling of the tissue lining the nose and sinuses.
• Try over-the-counter medicines to relieve pain or stuffy nose. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Do not use the medicine longer than the label says.

If you have chronic sinusitis, you’ll probably need to continue the above home treatment measures for a long period of time to keep your sinuses clear.

Medications

Medicines may be needed when symptoms of sinusitis are severe or do not improve. The goals of treatment with medicine are to:

• Treat the infection, which is usually caused by bacteria if your symptoms have lasted more than 7 to 10 days.
• Relieve pressure and pain caused by poor sinus drainage.
• Reduce inflammation of the nose and sinuses.

Medicine choices

Medicines are used and sometimes combined to treat sinusitis. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• Antibiotics kill bacteria. Examples of antibiotics used are amoxicillin with clavulanate and cefdinir.
• Decongestants reduce the swelling of the mucous membranes in the nose. Some examples may include oxymetazoline (for example, Afrin) and phenylephrine (for example, Neo-Synephrine).
• Analgesics relieve pain. Some examples include acetaminophen (for example, Tylenol) and ibuprofen (for example, Advil).
• Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. Some examples include beclomethasone (Beconase) or mometasone (Nasonex). Most of the time, they come in the form of a nasal spray.
• Mucolytics thin mucus. Some examples include guaifenesin (for example, Robitussin).

What to think about

If you are taking antibiotics for a sinus infection, do not stop taking the antibiotics early just because you feel better. Take the entire course of antibiotics. The infection may not go away if you do not take all of the antibiotics prescribed by your doctor.

Antibiotic treatment is successful in most cases of short-term (acute) sinusitis when it is caused by bacteria. You should notice improvement within 3 to 4 days after you begin taking an antibiotic.

Chronic sinusitis may last 12 weeks or longer and usually requires 3 to 4 weeks of antibiotic treatment. Symptoms may persist or return despite adequate antibiotic treatment. A different antibiotic may be needed to treat the infection. Referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (also called an otolaryngologist) may be needed if symptoms of sinusitis do not go away despite long-term antibiotic treatment.

Surgery

The goal of surgery is to make drainage of the sinuses better, usually by removing the blockage and draining the mucus. This may mean removing:

• Infected, swollen, or damaged tissue.
• Bone, to create a wider opening for drainage of mucus from the sinuses.
• Growths (polyps) inside the nose or sinuses.
• A foreign object that is blocking a nasal or sinus passage. This usually occurs in children.

Surgery may be the only means of getting a badly blocked, infected sinus to drain properly. But surgery does not always completely eliminate sinusitis. Some people may need a second operation.

Surgery is most successful when used along with medicine and home treatment to prevent future sinusitis. A second surgery and future sinusitis may be avoided if antibiotics are taken to prevent reinfection.

Surgery choices

Endoscopic surgery is preferred over traditional surgery for most cases of chronic sinusitis that require surgery. It is less invasive, less expensive, and has a lower rate of complications.

• Endoscopic surgery may be done to remove small amounts of bone or other material blocking the sinus openings or to remove growths (polyps). Normally, a thin, lighted tool called an endoscope is inserted through the nose so the doctor can see and remove whatever is blocking the sinuses.
• Sinus surgery may be done when complications of sinusitis—such as the development of pus in a sinus, infection of the facial bones, or brain abscess—have occurred. In this type of surgery, the doctor makes an opening into the sinus from inside the mouth or through the skin of the face.

What to think about

Very few people need surgery to treat sinusitis. But you may need surgery ifALL of these are true:

• Your doctor says that you have chronic sinusitis.
• You’ve followed what’s called “maximum medical treatment” for 4 to 6 weeks. This means that you’ve taken medicines and followed home treatment for at least 4 to 6 weeks. This treatment includes antibiotics, a steroid nasal spray, and other prescription medicines.
• You’ve had a CT scan of your sinuses after the 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. It is very important to have the CT scan done after this treatment. Reducing the swelling and infection as much as possible lets your doctor see what could be causing your infections.
• The CT scan shows that something, such as nasal polyps, is keeping your sinuses from draining as they should.

You also may need surgery if:

• You have a sinus infection caused by a fungus. Infections caused by fungus cannot be cleared up with antibiotics.
• You have a serious problem such as an infection that spreads beyond your sinuses. This is rare.

The extent of the blockage and other problems determine how extensive your surgery will need to be. Surgery may be limited to removal of infected tissue or small growths (polyps) inside the nose. More extensive surgery involves removing pieces of bone to create a wider opening to allow a sinus to drain.

Sinus surgery is always performed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (also called an otolaryngologist).

References

Citations

1. Ah-See K (2015). Sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis). BMJ Clinical Evidence. http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/systematic-review/0511/overview.html. Accessed April 14, 2016.

Other Works Consulted

• Chow AW, et al. (2012). IDSA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 54(8): e72–e112.
• Rosenfeld R, et al. (2015). Clinical practice guideline (updated): Adult sinusitis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 152(2S): S1–S39. Accessed June 16, 2015.
• Rubin MA, et al. (2015). Sore throat, earache, and upper respiratory symptoms. In DL Kasper et al., eds., Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th ed., vol. 1, pp. 225–235. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Credits

Current as of:
December 2, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Patrice Burgess MD – Family Medicine
E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine
Martin J. Gabica MD – Family Medicine

How Long Do Sinus Infections Last? | Nevada Ear + Sinus Institute

During this time of year, it can be difficult to know whether your sniffles are caused by allergies, a cold or something else. The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology estimates that 31 million Americans are diagnosed with sinus infections each year. Understanding the signs of a sinus infection, including how long it can last, is key for seeking proper treatment.

What Is a Sinus Infection?

A sinus infection, also called sinusitis, is a condition that causes inflammation of the sinuses – small air-filled pockets behind the cheeks, nose and eyes. Each pocket is lined with a mucus membrane that helps keep the sinuses healthy; this is the part that becomes inflamed during an infection.

Another type of sinus infection, called rhinosinusitis, occurs when the lining of the nasal cavity, in addition to the lining of the sinuses, becomes inflamed.

Sinus infections are typically caused by another condition that blocks the sinuses, like allergies or a viral infection (cold or flu).

What Are the Symptoms of a Sinus Infection?

Common symptoms of a sinus infection include:

• Nasal congestion
• Excess mucus
• Postnasal drip
• Facial pain/pressure
• Decreased smell/taste

More rarely, symptoms can include:

• Ear pain
• Tooth pain
• Sore throat
• Bad breath
• Cough

Some people believe that the color of the mucus can indicate whether a condition is bacterial or viral, but this is a myth. The green-yellow color of mucus during an illness is a byproduct of white blood cells, which fight infections of all kinds.

How Long Do Sinus Infections Last?

There are two different types of sinus infection: acute and chronic. Acute sinusitis lasts less than four weeks, while chronic sinusitis lasts more than 12. Acute sinusitis tends to be associated with a respiratory infection, while chronic sinusitis can be caused by environmental factors such as allergies and smoking.

“Typically acute sinusitis resolves by 10 days, but if not, then the possibility of a bacterial infection should be considered,” says Dr. Chen. “Getting one or two sinus infections a year is considered normal. More than four should prompt a visit to an ear, nose, and throat surgeon,” explained Dr. Chen, M.D., otolaryngologist at UT Health San Antonio in an interview.

For more information about sinus infections or to schedule an appointment with an expert ENT physician, call Nevada Ear + Sinus Institute today.

Learn More About Sinus Health

Call Nevada Ear + Sinus Institute at (702) 735-7668 for more information or to schedule an appointment.

How Long Does a Sinus Infection Last?

During certain times of year, it can be challenging to determine if your stuffy nose is due to allergies, a cold or something else, such as a raleigh sinus infection. Each year, an estimated 31 million Americans are diagnosed with a sinus infection. In order to seek proper treatment and minimize the symptoms, it is important to be familiar with the symptoms of a sinus infection and understand the expected duration.

A sinus infection, which may also be called sinusitis, is a condition which results in inflammation of the sinuses. The sinuses are small pockets which are filled with air and are located behind the cheeks, nose and eyes. Each of the sinus pockets are lined with mucus which aids in maintaining healthy sinuses.

There is another type of sinus infection which is called rhinosinusitis. Rhinosinusitis occurs when both the lining of the nasal cavity and the lining of the sinuses are inflamed.

In most cases, sinus infections are caused by an underlying condition which blocks the sinuses, such as allergies or a viral infection.

Sinus Infection Symptoms

Below are some of the most common symptoms of a sinus infection:

• Decreased ability to taste or smell
• Excess mucus
• Facial pain or pressure
• Nasal congestion
• Postnasal drip

In more severe cases, the symptoms can include the following:

• Bad breath
• Cough
• Ear pain
• Sore throat
• Tooth pain

Duration of a Sinus Infection

The two different types of sinus infections are acute and chronic. Acute sinus infections typically last 10 days to a few weeks. Chronic sinus infections, however, can last 12 or more weeks. In many cases, acute sinusitis is associated with a respiratory infection. In comparison, chronic sinusitis is often caused by environmental factors including allergies or smoking.

When a patient has one or two sinus infections a year, it is considered to be normal. Patients who experience more than four sinus infections annually should schedule an appointment with an ear, nose, and throat surgeon to determine if there are other underlying causes.

Treatments

Over-the-counter medications

A nasal decongestant spray can aid in relieving short-term sinus infection symptoms and congestion. However, the use of these sprays should be limited to three days or less. When these products are used for longer periods of time, it can result in a rebound effect and additional nasal congestion. Use caution with a nasal spray as a treatment for sinus infections as prolonged use can worsen the symptoms.

In some cases, a steroid nasal spray, such as fluticasone, triamcinolone or mometasone, can aid in relieving nasal congestion symptoms without the associated risk of rebound symptoms from extended use. These types of products are available at most drug stores over-the-counter.

Other over-the-counter medicines which contain an antihistamine or decongestant can also help with sinus infections. These medicines such as Sudafed, Zyrtec, Allegra, and Claritin are especially helpful for patients who suffer from allergies.

Decongestants should typically be avoided by people who have high blood pressure, prostate issues, glaucoma, or challenges with sleeping. Follow up with your doctor before taking any medicine to ensure it is the best solution and will not have any negative side effects.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, are used specifically to treat acute sinusitis where other treatments such as nasal steroid sprays, pain medications and sinus rinse/irrigation have failed. A prescription you’re your doctor will be required in order to take an antibiotic for sinusitis.

Side effects associated from taking antibiotics for sinusitis include rash, diarrhea, and stomach issues. Overuse and incorrect use of antibiotics can cause superbugs, which are serious bacterial infections which are not easily treated.

Sinus Infection Overview, Symptoms and Treatments

How Long Do Sinus Infections Last? | Hampton Roads ENT ~ Allergy

Sinus infections occur when the air-filled pockets inside the nose and head (your sinuses) become swollen and inflamed. The condition can persist anywhere from a few days to a few months depending on a number of factors.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of sinusitis include:

• Nasal inflammation
• Nasal discharge
• Postnasal drip (drainage in the throat)
• Congestion
• Pain/tenderness around cheeks, eyes, nose and forehead
• Reduced sense of taste/smell

More rarely, symptoms can include:

• Ear pain
• Toothache
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Bad breath
• Fatigue

Duration

The length of your sinus infection determines whether it is acute or chronic. Acute sinusitis lasts less than four weeks, but typically resolves in around ten days. Acute sinusitis tends to be associated with an upper respiratory infection and develops at the tail-end of a cold. Patients with acute sinusitis often experience a double worsening of symptoms, where they start to feel better as they recover from their cold, then feel worse again as the sinus infection takes hold. You may also experience a fever with acute sinusitis.

Chronic sinusitis persists 12 weeks or longer and is more often associated with environmental factors like allergies and smoking or anatomical factors like nose/sinus shape. Many experience several episodes of acute sinusitis before developing chronic sinusitis. Fever is much rarer in cases of chronic sinusitis.

Causes

There are many possible causes of both acute and chronic sinusitis. These may include:

• Nasal polyps. This type of tissue growth can block the nasal passages and/or sinuses.
• Deviated septum. The septum, which is the wall between the nostrils, can restrict or block the sinus passages if it is crooked/deviated and worsen sinusitis symptoms.
• Respiratory tract infections. Colds and other similar illnesses can inflame and thicken the sinus membranes and block drainage. These infections may be viral, bacterial or fungal.
• Allergies. Hay fever and other types of allergies can block the sinuses and cause inflammation.

When to See a Doctor

It’s time to schedule an appointment with your doctor if:

• You’ve had sinusitis multiple times
• Your sinus infection doesn’t respond to treatment
• You’ve had symptoms for more than 10 days

If you have any of the following symptoms, schedule an appointment immediately, as you could have a serious infection:

• Fever
• Swelling/redness around eyes
• Severe headache
• Forehead swelling
• Confusion
• Double vision
• Stiff neck

For more information or to schedule an appointment, call Hampton Roads ENT.

Learn More About Allergy & Sinus

Killer Sinus Infection? How to Tell If Yours Is Viral or Bacterial

Photo by Brittany Colette on Unsplash

You know the symptoms: nasal congestion, facial pressure, pain, fever, too much mucus. Ugh. It’s probably another sinus infection.

But is your infection caused by a virus or bacteria — and does it really matter?

It does matter. Doctors treat viral and bacterial sinus infections differently. Here is what you need to know about both kinds of infection and how to treat them.

Viral or bacterial?

Most sinus infections are viral, and most are caused by the virus that causes the common cold. How can you tell, based on symptoms, whether your infection is viral or bacterial?

Normally, you can’t.

Symptoms like bad breath, yellow or green mucus, fever and headache are not reliable signs of a bacterial infection. They can be present with viral infections, too. Even your doctor can’t tell if your infection is viral or bacterial based solely on symptoms or an exam.

Instead, your doctor looks at symptom duration to determine the source of your infection. A viral sinus infection will usually start to improve after five to seven days. A bacterial sinus infection will often persist for seven to 10 days or longer, and may actually worsen after seven days.

4 steps you can take

Whether your sinus infection turns out to be viral or bacterial, you can help to ease your symptoms early on with supportive care:

1. Use saline spray two to three times per day in each nostril.

2. Use a nasal decongestant such as Afrin®, but not longer than three days. You may consider an oral decongestant, but these should be avoided if you have a history of hypertension.

3. Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid per day.

4. Get plenty of rest.

5. If you have a history of allergies, consider a nasal steroid and antihistamines, such as zyrte/claritan/benadryl.

If your symptoms aren’t improving after one week, then it may be time to see your doctor. If your doctor suspects a bacterial infection, you’ll probably need to take an antibiotic to clear up the infection and prevent further complications.

Note: Antibiotics won’t help a viral infection, and taking an antibiotic unnecessarily can do more harm than good. You risk possible side effects and increase your chances of developing antibiotic resistance, which can make future infections harder to treat. So it’s important to wait and see how long your symptoms last.

What to do for chronic sinusitis

If you’re suffering from chronic sinusitis (nasal congestion, drainage, facial pain/pressure, and a decreased sense of smell lasting 12 weeks or longer) you should see your doctor.

Your doctor will exam you and take a history. That will help to identify potential causes, including allergies and chronic post nasal drip. Sometimes, the doctor may swab your nose to collect mucus. Culturing it in a laboratory will reveal which type of bacteria is causing the infection so the right antibiotic can be prescribed.

Treat early sinus infection symptoms with rest, hydration and over-the-counter sprays and decongestants. But don’t look for an antibiotic unless your illness extends beyond a week, he says. Then check in with your doctor for a prescription and let him or her know if your condition worsens.

A more in depth explanation of Sinusitis

Acute sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis) causes the cavities around your nasal passages (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up.

With acute sinusitis, it might be difficult to breathe through your nose. The area around your eyes and face might feel swollen, and you might have throbbing facial pain or a headache.

Acute sinusitis is mostly caused by the common cold. Unless a bacterial infection develops, most cases resolve within a week to 10 days.

In most cases, home remedies are all that’s needed to treat acute sinusitis. However, persistent sinusitis can lead to serious infections and other complications. Sinusitis that lasts more than 12 weeks despite medical treatment is called chronic sinusitis.

Symptoms

symptoms often include:

• Drainage of a thick, yellow or greenish discharge from the nose or down the back of the throat (postnasal drainage). Studies have shown that yellow/green discharge does not have any correlation between whether the sinusitis is due to bacteria or a virus.

• Nasal obstruction or congestion, causing difficulty breathing through your nose

• Pain, tenderness, swelling and pressure around your eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead that worsens when bending over

Other signs and symptoms can include:

• Ear pressure

• Headache

• Aching in your upper jaw and teeth

• Reduced sense of smell and taste

• Cough, which might be worse at night

• Bad breath (halitosis)

• Fatigue

• Fever

When to see a doctor

Most people with acute sinusitis don’t need to see a doctor.

Contact your doctor if you have any of the following:

Risk factors

You may be at increased risk of getting sinusitis if you have:

• Hay fever or another allergic condition that affects your sinuses

• A nasal passage abnormality, such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps or tumors

• A medical condition such as cystic fibrosis or an immune system disorder such as HIV/AIDS

Complications

Acute sinusitis complications are uncommon. If they occur, they might include:

• Chronic sinusitis. Acute sinusitis may be a flare-up of a long-term problem known as chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks.

• Meningitis. This infection causes inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord. This is rare

• Other infections. Uncommonly, infection can spread to the bones (osteomyelitis) or skin (cellulitis). This is also a rare complication

• Partial or complete loss of sense of smell. Nasal obstruction and inflammation of the nerve for smell (olfactory nerve) can cause temporary or permanent loss of smell.

• Vision problems. If infection spreads to your eye socket, it can cause reduced vision or even blindness that can be permanent. Again, this is not common.

Prevention

Take these steps to help reduce your risk of getting acute sinusitis:

• Avoid upper respiratory infections. Minimize contact with people who have colds. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before your meals.

• Manage your allergies. Work with your doctor to keep symptoms under control.

• Avoid cigarette smoke and polluted air. Tobacco smoke and other pollutants can irritate and inflame your lungs and nasal passages.

• Use a humidifier. If the air in your home is dry, such as it is if you have forced-air heat, adding moisture to the air may help prevent sinusitis. Be sure the humidifier stays clean and free of mold with regular, thorough cleaning

Nasal lavage for sinusitis – methods of treatment and complications of the disease

The EUROMED clinic invites you to treat and wash your nose for sinusitis. Inflammation of the sinuses is one of the most common diseases of the ENT organs among children and adults. Sinusitis is one of those diseases that require timely diagnosis and competent treatment, since neglected cases give complications and are difficult to treat.

EUROMED specialists told about the peculiarities of inflammation.From this material you will learn about sinusitis, its types, symptoms and complications, the procedure for washing the sinuses, the use of medicines and other methods of treatment.

What is sinusitis, features of the disease

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses. Usually it begins with the appearance of difficulties in the passage of mucus, then respiratory functions are impaired, and pathogenic bacteria multiply. Therefore, rinsing the nose with sinusitis is one of the main and effective procedures.If timely competent measures were not taken, inflammation can develop to a stage when it will be impossible to do without piercing.

Otolaryngologists distinguish several types of sinusitis:

• According to the duration of the disease. Acute develops quickly and disappears, on average, in 10 days. Subacute lasts longer, 4-8 weeks. The disease takes on a chronic form when the symptoms of sinusitis bother a person for more than 3 months. This is usually due to the presence of various pathologies.Recurrent sinusitis is also isolated, when the inflammation returns several times during the year.

• By which sinuses are affected. There are only 4 types, the most famous of which is sinusitis – inflammation of the maxillary, maxillary cavities. In addition, frontal sinusitis (frontal sinus), sphenoiditis (wedge-shaped), ethmoiditis (ethmoid labyrinth) are distinguished.

In most cases, the disease begins with an acute form and has one localization. But it can spread to all respiratory tract and nearby organs, and also become chronic.

Causes of sinusitis

The impetus for the development of sinusitis is almost always the accumulation of mucus in the sinuses. But this does not happen by itself. 95% of diseases are provoked by viruses on the mucous membranes.

Other causes of sinusitis:

• infectious – pneumococcus, staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and other bacteria;

• fungal – a consequence of prolonged use of antibiotics or serious diseases such as diabetes, HIV;

• mechanical obstacles to the outflow of contents – congenital defects and curvatures, polyps, adenoids, neoplasms;

• allergic reactions with rhinitis and mucosal edema.

In addition, hypothermia, inhalation of dusty dry air, smoke, pressure drops during flights and diving under water can provoke sinusitis. Inflammation of the sinuses is a frequent companion of reduced immunity and a number of diseases, including caries, asthma, cystic fibrosis, hypothyroidism, etc. Children and the elderly are at increased risk.

Whatever the cause of sinusitis, in the absence of timely treatment and stagnation of mucus in the sinuses, a bacterial infection can quickly develop and the disease becomes severe.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of sinusitis can vary significantly depending on the type and cause of the disease. So, the acute form is more pronounced, the chronic one can manifest itself weakly. The common and most common signs of sinusitis are nasal congestion, runny nose, and sinus pain.

Conclusions can be made on the localization of pain and related signs:

• sensations in the forehead, between the eyebrows, intensified in the lying position – frontal sinusitis;

• pain under the eyes, aggravated by tilting the head, accompanied by a toothache or nocturnal cough – sinusitis;

• in the temporal lobes, the area around the eyes, aggravated by movement, coughing, after sleep – ethmoiditis;

• in the forehead area, under the eyes, with aggravation in the supine position and when tilting – sphenoiditis.

The development of the disease is indicated by an increase in temperature, bad breath, and sinusitis also causes a breakdown. Other symptoms characteristic of acute respiratory infections may appear. If the mucous discharge from the nose with sinusitis thickens, turns yellow, brown, green, one can suspect the addition of a bacterial infection or the transition of the disease into a purulent form.

It is important to understand that sinusitis cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. Without instrumental examination and images, even doctors make only preliminary conclusions.There is a great risk of making a mistake, prescribing the wrong treatment for the disease and getting complications.

Potential complications of sinusitis

One of the main dangers of not having the correct treatment for sinusitis is the possibility of a rapid spread of the disease to the throat and bronchi. Those internal organs that are located in the immediate vicinity of the sinuses, including ears, eyes, and brain, can also be affected. Complications of sinusitis can also be caused by a lack of oxygen due to the difficulty in passing air through the sinuses and the entry of pathogens into the bloodstream.

Some possible complications of sinusitis:

• otitis media;

• meningitis;

• brain abscess;

• osteomyelitis of the skull bones;

• tissue necrosis;

• loss of vision.

Without timely treatment, sinusitis becomes severe, which can no longer be cured without a puncture or becomes chronic.

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Diagnosis of sinusitis

The reason for taking measures for the diagnosis of sinusitis is the patient’s complaints about the symptoms of the disease.Before the examination, the otolaryngologist interviews the visitor and conducts an instrumental examination.

Methods for the diagnosis of sinusitis:

• Endoscopy. Examination of the sinuses with a miniature camera inserted through the airways. Allows you to consider the state of the mucous membrane in places inaccessible to the naked eye.

• X-ray. The procedure allows assessing the condition of bones and soft tissues with high precision. Shows fluid accumulation, swelling.

• Computed tomography.It is prescribed in cases where precise detailed information is needed to diagnose and prescribe treatment for sinusitis.

• Puncture. Puncture of the nose to obtain biomaterial and conduct bacteriological research. It may be required in case of ineffectiveness of treatment and in a number of other cases.

Methods for diagnosing sinusitis are determined by the doctor on an individual basis.

Treatment of sinus inflammation

Today there are several ways to treat sinusitis.It is important that the appointment is made by an experienced ENT doctor. Since the same methods show different effectiveness for certain types, stages of the disease, and in some cases can do more harm than good.

Main types of therapy:

Separately, it is worth highlighting the procedure for rinsing the nose with sinusitis. It is suitable for any form of the disease, has practically no side effects and shows excellent results in combination with other methods. In especially severe cases, sinusitis is treated with surgery – sinus puncture or puncture, endoscopic sinus surgery.

Drug treatment of the disease

Various medicines and medicines are widely used in the treatment of sinusitis. They are prescribed both to eliminate symptoms and alleviate the patient’s condition, and to influence the cause of inflammation. They can be used alone or in combination with procedures.

The main groups of drugs for the treatment of sinusitis:

• Decongestant nasal sprays. Promote easier breathing, better excretion of mucous secretions.

• Antibiotics. They are prescribed for the treatment of purulent sinusitis and the development of a bacterial infection.

• Hormonal agents. Glucocorticoids are highly effective when allergies are the cause of sinusitis.

Medicines must be prescribed by a doctor. Catarrhal, purulent, mixed sinusitis requires different treatment. In addition, when choosing drugs, the otolaryngologist takes into account the patient’s condition and many other factors.

Nasal lavage for sinusitis

Nasal lavage is one of the most effective procedures in the treatment of sinusitis. If you follow the rules, it is safe and brings relief in a few minutes. The essence of washing is in the introduction of drugs through the nostril, followed by their movement in the sinuses and excretion through the other nostril.

The washing procedure:

• removes mucus and pathogens;

• the nasal passages are washed and breathing is facilitated;

• sinuses are treated with drugs;

• reduces the likelihood of complications;

• reduces the inflammatory process.

Nasal lavage with sinusitis under the supervision of a doctor can be carried out even for children. In clinics, the Proetz method (cuckoo) is used for this. It helps both in the initial stages of sinusitis and after the onset of complications of the disease. At home, a water-salt solution is used. Flushing with sinusitis is carried out by inhaling liquid from the palm of your hand.

Inhalations with a nebulizer

Inhalations with a nebulizer for sinusitis are used along with rinsing the nose.This is a hardware method based on the principles of air aeration. During the procedure, the patient inhales the evaporated air with the medication.

Features of sinusitis treatment with a nebulizer:

• simplicity and convenience;

• safety and painlessness of the procedure;

• penetration of the drug into the sinuses of the nose;

• impact on the cause of the disease;

• Rapid relief of sinusitis symptoms;

• removal of edema.

The nebulizer can be used at home, both in complex therapy and for prophylaxis. With sinusitis, you should consult a doctor so that he prescribes a suitable medicine for the procedure and excludes complications of the disease.

Features of the treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women have an increased risk of developing sinusitis. This is due to the increased stress on the immune system and hormonal changes. At the same time, sinusitis is dangerous with fetal hypoxia and various complications, and treatment methods are limited.

Pregnant women are recommended:

• to go to the clinic when the first symptoms appear;

• carry out sinus washing procedures;

• Use a nebulizer.

Treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy must be carried out by a doctor to exclude complications. Diagnostics is usually limited to instrumental examination – rhinoscopy. Possible puncture under local anesthesia and gentle antibiotic therapy for sinusitis.

Prevention of sinusitis

Prevention of sinusitis and possible complications of this disease allows prevention.

Effective proven measures:

• prevention and proper treatment of colds;

• strengthening immunity and hardening;

• performing hygiene procedures – washing hands, airing the room, etc .;

• Annual influenza vaccination;

• rinsing the sinuses of the nose with pharmaceutical solutions or folk remedies.

If the time for prevention has already been lost and the first symptoms of sinusitis appear, you should contact the ENT clinic. In the initial stages, it is possible to cope with the disease in a short time and at minimal cost.

Treatment in the ENT clinic

In Kemerovo, fast qualified help for sinusitis and its complications can be obtained at the EUROMED ENT clinic.

We provide a full range of services:

• otolaryngologist appointment;

• diagnostics using advanced methods;

• sinusitis treatment;

• Proetz nasal lavage;

• carrying out physiotherapy procedures;

• puncture and surgical intervention.

More detailed information about the work of the clinic, otolaryngologists, procedures performed for sinusitis and their cost is available on the EUROMED website. Here you can also see patient reviews.

The child has a runny nose for a long time. What could be the reasons and what to do?

Chronic rhinorrhea is the medical term for persistent rhinorrhea.This is very common in children, and there are many reasons for this, from the obvious to the very unusual.

What is rhinorrhea?

The term “rhinorrhea” simply means fluid is draining from the nose. There can be a wide range of colors and consistencies: from liquid and transparent snot to thick and colored mucus.

A child with a runny nose and congestion is a common problem in children’s institutions. The nose is covered with a delicate tissue called “mucous membrane” that secretes mucus (a sticky, slippery discharge) to protect the nose.If this tissue is irritated, it swells, causing nasal congestion and secreting a lot of mucus. Sometimes children have a persistent runny nose, green nasal discharge that is uncomfortable.

What causes a runny nose?

1. Colds are the most common cause of the common cold. In this case, the child usually feels and looks good. The kid usually gets better on his own within a week. A runny nose is usually accompanied by a mild fever. There may also be other symptoms such as: headache, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, and fatigue.Children with colds usually get sick and get better on their own within a week.

2. Allergies can also cause a runny nose. Allergic rhinitis usually occurs after two years and after a child has been exposed to a large number of allergens (substances that can cause an allergic reaction in the body).

Allergic rhinitis occurs during a specific season or after a specific exposure – for example, after a child has played in the grass or touched animals.The child may also have watery eyes and itchy eyes, sneezing, coughing, and clear mucus.

With allergies, a runny nose can last up to a week or months, but in this case there is no fever or spread of the disease to others.

3. A bacterial infection (sinus infection) can sometimes develop and prolong the illness. Young children with sinusitis most often have these symptoms:

• runny nose that lasts more than 10-14 days;
• discharge, which may be clear or thick, green or yellow;
• bad breath;

90,015 daytime cough, which may be worse at night, and swelling around the eyes.

Remember that yellow or green mucus does not always mean a child has a bacterial infection. It is normal for the mucus to thicken and change color as common viral colds progress.

Children with clear mucus at the onset of a cold are most contagious. Green mucus from the nose (usually towards the end of a cold) is less contagious. A runny nose usually begins with clear mucus, which then turns whitish or greenish as it heals and gets better.This is because as the body strengthens its defenses against the virus, white blood cells invade the mucus and turn it green. Usually, green mucus is smaller and thicker, a sign that the cold is coming to an end.

A green runny nose that lasts more than 10 to 14 days and may be accompanied by fever, headache, cough, and bad breath may be a sign of a sinus infection. The child must undergo a medical examination and may need antibiotic treatment.

What causes rhinorrhea?

There are many things that keep your child’s nose running. From common problems such as colds, flu, sinus infections, allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, to structural problems including enlarged turbinates, enlarged adenoids, congenital septal abnormalities, or choanal atresia. In addition, there are less common problems such as polyps in the nose, foreign bodies in the nose, or cysts / tumors in the nose.

How do I know when to worry?

Usually, a runny nose that lasts less than 10 days is not a cause for concern.However, if symptoms persist, a pediatric ENT doctor can help.

He can usually distinguish between different causes of rhinorrhea by listening to your child’s specific symptoms as well as performing a physical examination at the clinic. Sometimes he can get additional information through a simple pharyngoscopic examination, allergy testing, or a quick look at the nose with a camera (nasal endoscopy). All of these tests are usually well tolerated even by young children and can provide immediate diagnosis and recommend treatment to help the child feel better.

Be healthy!

Treatment of ethmoiditis in adults and children – conservative and surgical

Is it possible to cure chronic polyposis ethmoiditis?

Ethmoiditis is a special form of sinusitis, accompanied by inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses. As a rule, the pathology develops against the background of other diseases of the upper respiratory tract and requires serious treatment, since the inflammation is located close to the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for the innervation of the face, and the brain.

The main symptoms of ethmoiditis in children and adults are severe headache, loss of smell, fever, swelling and pain in the nose bridge area. The causative agents of ethmoiditis can be rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, as well as pathogenic fungi.

Causes of the disease:

• congenital pathologies of the nasopharynx;
• chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses;

90,015 viral and bacterial infections;

• adenoids, polyps;
• allergic rhinitis;
• decreased immunity;
• defects, injuries of the nasal septum.

Treatment of ethmoiditis in adults should be comprehensive and timely. Otherwise, the disease may be complicated by retrobulbar abscess, empyema and arachnoiditis.

Classification of the disease

According to the form of development of the disease, experts distinguish acute and chronic ethmoiditis. The first is most often diagnosed in children and is characterized by a sudden onset and vivid symptoms. The chronic form is either a consequence of an untreated acute form of the disease, or a consequence of an injury (developmental anomaly) of the nasal septum.

By the nature of the inflammation, the pathology can be polyposis, catarrhal, purulent and edematous-catarrhal.

Types of ethmoiditis:

• maxillary ethmoiditis;
• frontoetmoiditis;
• rhinoetmoiditis;
• sphenoetmoiditis.

Right-sided, left-sided and bilateral – classified according to the side of the inflammation. How to cure chronic polyposis ethmoiditis and whether it can be done at home will be discussed below.The main principle of successful treatment is timeliness and an integrated approach.

The main symptoms of ethmoiditis in children

The acute form of the disease is characterized by: high fever, swelling of the eyelids, mucous and purulent nasal discharge, pain in the bridge of the nose, prolonged runny nose. Chronic ethmoiditis is characterized by sluggish symptoms and, as a rule, develops against the background of an underlying disease of the upper respiratory tract.

Ethmoiditis in newborns is very difficult and requires urgent medical attention.The main manifestations are high fever (above 38 degrees), regurgitation, vomiting, breast refusal, swelling in the bridge of the nose, crying, anxiety.

On our website Dobrobut.com you will find more information about the disease. If you need a doctor’s consultation, use the form on the website or the indicated phone numbers. At the reception, the doctor will answer questions and tell you what to do in case of pain with right-sided ethmoiditis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made after examining the patient, taking into account the results of laboratory studies and instrumental procedures:

• general blood test;
• sinus radiographs;
• rhinoscopy;
• endoscopic examination;
• magnetic resonance imaging.

Signs of catarrhal ethmoiditis on CT – swelling of the mucous membrane and accumulation of purulent secretions. This study is especially important if there is a suspicion of spreading an infection in the eye socket area.

When making a diagnosis, it is extremely important to differentiate the disease from periostitis of the nasal bones, osteomyelitis of the upper jaw and dacryocystitis.

How to treat the disease ethmoiditis

Treatment of pathology involves conservative therapy and surgery.The latter is recommended in case of ineffectiveness of drug treatment and in the development of serious complications. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.

How to treat ethmoiditis with medication? The main method of conservative therapy is antibiotics. Before prescribing the drug, the patient must pass an analysis of the discharge from the pharynx and nose for the microflora. After that, a course of antibiotic therapy will be prescribed.

Antibiotics for acute purulent ethmoiditis – cefazolin, cefotaxime, amoxiclav, amoxicillin.In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy, vasoconstrictor drops, immunomodulators and vitamins are prescribed. Sinus flushing and physical therapy are good additions.

Preventive measures:

• timely treatment of viral and inflammatory diseases;
• preventive intake of vitamin and mineral complexes;
• seasonal influenza vaccination;
• at the first signs of the disease, immediate referral to a specialist.

With timely and qualified treatment, the prognosis of the disease is favorable.

Related services:
Pediatric ENT
Diagnostics of ENT organs

Dry rhinitis

Dry rhinitis, which should be treated with special drugs under the supervision of a doctor, proceeds with the same general symptoms as a common rhinitis. The difference is the absence of liquid discharge due to the drying out of the nasal passages.

Dry rhinitis, the treatment of which should be carried out with special drugs under the supervision of a doctor, proceeds with the same general symptoms as a common rhinitis. The difference is the absence of liquid discharge due to the drying out of the nasal passages.

Attention! In the absence of nasal discharge (and this is the most characteristic symptom of common rhinitis), the diagnosis is often difficult. Determination of the type of disease and selection of therapy methods are the prerogative of an experienced doctor.

Symptoms of dry rhinitis

The disease has several stages. The main risk group includes people employed in hazardous industries.

Initial period:

• the patient is thirsty all the time;
• after liquid intake, the feeling of dryness of the nose only increases;
• dries in the throat, the nose is stuffy, it is difficult to breathe;
• headaches, body aches;
• body temperature may rise.

Along with these signs, frequent sneezing, general malaise, that is, symptoms characteristic of ordinary rhinitis, appears.However, there is a distinctive feature – with a burning sensation in the nasopharynx, there is a strong congestion, excessive and painful dryness of the nose.

The next stage, which occurs in the absence of adequate treatment, is the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

You shouldn’t risk your health! At the first signs of the disease, high-quality modern medicines should be used to treat dry rhinitis. A good therapeutic and prophylactic agent is drugs that moisturize the nasal passages.

Causes of the disease

According to statistics, the most common cause of this pathology is a thickening of the nasal mucosa and congenital or acquired deformities of the nasal septum. Next come a variety of diseases leading to hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa.

To identify dry rhinitis from other pathologies, attention should be paid to several factors:

Violation of nasal breathing as a result of irritation (for various reasons) or injury to the mucous membranes of the nasal passages.When a standard situation arises (viral, bacterial infection, allergic rhinitis), an inflammatory process develops as a natural reaction to a pathogenic infection entering the body. So the body fights against the “enemy” and microbes are destroyed more effectively. As a result, swelling occurs, the patient feels heaviness in the nasal passages and nasal congestion.

In the absence of nasal discharge, the causes of congestion may be as follows:

1. No need for mucus from the sinuses.There is no pathogenic infection in the sinuses. The inflammation is due to injury / irritation.
2. There is a need to remove mucus from the nose, but for some reason there was a violation of its outflow.

In the first case, we are talking either about damage to the nasal membranes, or about some latent chronic disease that the patient may not be aware of. For the second case, there is the following explanation: when a viral or bacterial rhinitis is diagnosed, the nasal passages dry out due to too dry air in the room.The mucus dries out without flowing out of the nose. The diagnosis in this case is difficult to make on your own.

Provoking factors that are an additional impetus to the development of the disease:

• sudden changes in weather, temperature and humidity drops;
• systematic rhinitis;
• long-term absence of wet cleaning in the office or at home;
• excessive smoking of tobacco;
• long stay of a non-smoker in a smoky room;
• alcohol abuse;
• drug addiction;
• Large amount of dust in the air / room (including hazardous industries).

There is another reason for the development of a dry rhinitis – this is a consequence of a surgical operation for sinusitis.

Types of dry rhinitis

Dry rhinitis is of two main types.

Dry runny nose – how to treat it in an adult?

Doctors prescribe the following traditional methods:

1. Vasoconstrictor (for stuffing the nose).
2. Preparations for moisturizing mucous membranes.
3. Tablets to improve microcirculation.
4. Antihistamines.
5. Local antibiotics and antiviral medicines (if necessary).
6. Means for enhancing immunity and vitamin complexes.

Treatment is selected depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease in a particular patient and the presence or absence of infectious rhinitis.Therapy is usually complex.

Dry cough and runny nose in children. How to treat?

A pediatrician should be responsible for treating babies and older children. Only a doctor can prescribe means to improve the discharge of nasal secretions and mucus from the bronchi. The bacterial infection is treated with antibiotics. If a runny nose and cough are allergic, drugs from the group of antihistamines are used.

Self-medication of a child, especially under one year of age, is unacceptable!

Complications

Due to the violation of nasal breathing, patients have to breathe through the mouth.The quality of life decreases, sleep and appetite are disturbed, the sense of smell is lost. Headaches and other symptoms characteristic of vegetative-vascular dystonia appear, as well as irritability, leaps in blood pressure, etc. In children, such a neglected state rarely leads to developmental delays.

Attention! A running rhinitis often leads to deep necrosis, when surgery becomes the only way to help the patient. Atrophic rhinitis is the cause of persistent chronic rhinitis.

Prevention

Preventive measures for dry rhinitis are practically the same as for any other type of rhinitis. This is a timely and correct treatment of any diseases and prevention of their transition to a chronic form, wet cleaning of premises, hardening of the body, sports, taking immunomodulatory agents (as prescribed by a doctor), vitamins and vitamin complexes, as well as the use of special preparations – moisturizers for the nose or funds for based on sea water. Any medication you need at a bargain price can be selected / booked in the network of Stolichka social pharmacies.

90,000 Sinusitis: signs, symptoms, treatment – MedCom

Causes of occurrence

Getting into the maxillary sinuses of pathogenic microorganisms of viral or bacterial origin is the most common cause of the disease. The greatest number of cases of sinusitis is recorded in the autumn-winter period, when the human body is weakened and cannot resist the bacteria that provoke the disease.

In addition, sinusitis is caused by other causes:

• Postponed acute respiratory viral infections or influenza, the treatment of which was not thoroughly carried out.
• Allergic reactions.
• Anatomical features of the nasal cavity.
• Weakening of immunity.
• Overgrowth of adenoids or formation of polyps.
• Unfavorable conditions in a room where a person stays for a long time – drafts, dry and excessively warm air.
• Fungus of the mucous membrane.
• Tuberculosis, neoplasms.
• Injury of the maxillary sinus mucosa.

The accumulation of large amounts of mucus, which led to sinusitis, can be triggered by the frequent long-term use of vasoconstrictor drugs to eliminate symptoms of the common cold.

Symptoms of sinusitis

For sinusitis, obvious signs of the disease are characteristic, which intensify in the evening and are weakened in the morning. Symptoms that cause sinusitis include:

• Discharge of mucus from the nose, which can vary from a transparent consistency to the appearance of purulent yellow-green particles.
• Prolonged nasal congestion.
• Temperature increase in acute sinusitis.
• General weakness, dizziness, increased fatigue.
• Occurrence in the area of ​​the nose of pain and severe pressure, which may increase when the head is tilted forward.
• Loss of appetite.

Against the background of the main symptoms of sinusitis, a person may feel chills, there is a noticeable loss of working capacity.Painful sensations extend to the forehead, eye socket, gums. In the chronic form of sinusitis, the symptoms can be hidden: the body temperature may not rise, and painful sensations appear only periodically.

Pain with sinusitis as the disease progresses is felt especially acutely, even with slight turns of the head. If the obvious primary signs of sinusitis are ignored and the progression of the disease, there is a complete or partial loss of smell, the tone of the voice changes, edema and swelling appear in the area of ​​the eyes, nose, cheeks.Over time, the amount of pus formed with sinusitis increases, which causes an unpleasant purulent odor from the nose, mouth, and an unpleasant aftertaste is formed.

Diagnosis of the disease

In case of symptoms of sinusitis, the patient should contact the ENT, who will be able to carry out a high-quality examination of the nasal cavity for further effective treatment. At this stage, redness, swelling are noted, the localization of painful areas is determined.A deeper examination of the nasal cavity and the identification of possible features of the structure of the nose is carried out using endoscopic techniques.

The examination data most often does not allow us to accurately establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment, therefore, X-ray images are used to confirm the diagnosis. The image is taken in various projections, which allows an accurate assessment of the condition of the maxillary sinuses. In case of acute sinusitis, places of accumulation of mucus and pus will be noticeable in the picture.

Treatment of sinusitis

Depending on the degree of development of the pathology, the methods of treating sinusitis differ. In the absence of a large accumulation of purulent masses, treatment will be conservative and aimed at suppressing the symptoms of sinusitis and eliminating the infection that caused the sinusitis.

Treatment of the disease is most often recommended by standard methods:

• Use of drugs to relieve nasal breathing.
• Topical antiseptics for suppressing the reproduction of pathogens.
• Antibiotics, the use of which will reduce the likelihood of complications and shorten the process of treatment.
• Anti-inflammatories and medicines that help remove mucus from the upper respiratory tract.

The therapy prescribed by the attending physician for sinusitis should be completed in full. It is not recommended to stop taking medications when the symptoms of sinusitis are weakened or they are completely eliminated. With a large accumulation of pus, it is more difficult to treat sinusitis, since the effect of the antibiotic will be suppressed.

Symptoms at the acute stage of the disease are characterized by active formation of pus, the accumulation of which can lead to adverse consequences. In this case, as well as if it is impossible to eliminate the signs of the disease with the help of medicines, the patient may be prescribed a more radical method of treatment – a puncture. The puncture is carried out along the lower edge of the nasal passage. After removing the purulent contents, the mucus is sent to the laboratory.

The main purpose of mucus research is to determine the specific causative agent of the disease.This method allows you to choose an antibiotic suitable for a particular case and prescribe the most effective treatment for sinusitis. After puncture, the nasal cavity is washed with an antiseptic solution. If several punctures are necessary, a catheter is inserted into the puncture site, through which repeated manipulations will be carried out for a complete treatment.

As a prophylaxis, it is recommended to seek medical help in a timely manner, not to ignore the primary signs of sinusitis, and to follow all recommendations regarding treatment.You should also adhere to the rules of a healthy lifestyle, aimed at maintaining the body’s defenses.

90,000 What is ARVI – symptoms, prevention and treatment of ARVI

Stock! Discount 20% on the first appointment for new patients of the clinic with the promo code “FIRST20”.

In the autumn-winter period, there is traditionally a seasonal outbreak of ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection). This is a group of viral diseases that are transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through personal communication or through surfaces in public places.Many people underestimate the severity of ARVI and believe that it is just a cold, which in any case will go away on its own. However, it is by no means possible to start an infection and leave it untreated, because it is fraught with complications.

At the first symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections, you can make an appointment with a therapist at the Treatment and Diagnostic Center “Kutuzovsky”. Under the supervision of a doctor, the disease will pass more easily and with less risks.

What is ARVI and how does the disease manifest itself

Any virus from a wide group, which includes more than 200 types of microorganisms, can be the cause of ARVI.Among them are adenoviruses, parainfluenza, rhinoviruses and other pathogens. Strictly speaking, the influenza virus also belongs to them, but it is customary to consider it separately, because the course of the disease with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections differs significantly.

What are the most common symptoms of ARVI in an adult and how the disease progresses:

• First of all, the virus infects the respiratory tract (that’s why the infection is called respiratory). So the disease makes itself felt with sore throat, runny nose, cough – these manifestations occur almost immediately and gradually increase.
• With ARVI, the body temperature rises to 37-38 ° C – this is a sign that the immune system is fighting the virus. Due to fever and viral intoxication, from the first days of the disease, weakness and a feeling of general weakness appear.
• Pain syndrome is not uncommon in ARVI. There may be a headache in the forehead area, and often aching joints and bones.
• Sometimes ARVI is quite difficult, and dizziness, severe pain in the spine, indigestion and other atypical manifestations are added to the usual symptoms.

The disease is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets. The incubation period for ARVI is short: within 2-3 days after contact with the patient, the first signs of malaise appear.

At the same time, the acute phase of the disease does not last long – on average, after 3-4 days the temperature begins to decrease, and the rest of the symptoms gradually recede. Full recovery usually occurs within a week after the onset of the acute phase.

How can a doctor help with ARVI

At the first signs of SARS during the epidemic season, it is advisable to immediately make an appointment with a therapist.The doctor will determine the severity of the course of the disease and give recommendations on how to be treated at home.

Antiviral, antipyretic and other drugs should be selected by a specialist – you cannot take them uncontrollably and you cannot continue your normal life with ARVI symptoms. In addition, sometimes against the background of a viral infection, a bacterial one develops. In this case, you will have to select antibiotics, and only a doctor can do this.

During the appointment, the doctor will comprehensively assess your condition:

• Examine the inflamed mucous membranes;
• Probes the lymph nodes;
• Will measure blood pressure and pulse;
• Listens to breathing and heart rate;
• Listen carefully and record complaints – how many days the acute phase of the disease lasts, what symptoms of SARS bother you.

For the diagnosis of ARVI, the physician can prescribe laboratory tests to distinguish a viral infection from a bacterial infection and to prescribe an appropriate treatment. Moreover, during the seasonal epidemic of ARVI, it is often not important which virus from a large group of pathogens entered the body and caused the disease.

Possible complications of ARVI and risk factors

ARVI are dangerous because they can give complications to various internal organs. This happens due to weakened immunity, insufficient treatment and attempts to transfer the disease on their feet, while continuing to work and live an active life.In this case, a bacterial infection localized in various organs (not necessarily the respiratory system) may be added to the initial disease.

A sign of complications are new symptoms that appeared a few days after the onset of the acute phase of ARVI. Also, concomitant diseases may be indicated by the temperature in ARVI, which lasts longer than usual or rises again for 5-7 days.

The list of possible complications includes many pathologies, from relatively easy in treatment to very dangerous:

• Bronchitis.When the infection enters the bronchi, a wet cough and shortness of breath are added to the symptoms of SARS.
• Pneumonia. In this case, the lung tissue itself becomes inflamed, so the disease is much more severe than bronchitis and often requires hospitalization. Pneumonia can take several weeks to heal.
• Inflammation of the sinuses – sinusitis, sinusitis. In this case, there are profuse nasal discharge, congestion, headache. Sinusitis requires special treatment, otherwise it can become chronic.
• Inflammation of the tympanic membrane and middle ear – otitis media. It makes itself felt with severe “shooting” pain and fever, without treatment can negatively affect hearing and lead to more serious complications.
• Dangerous inflammatory diseases of internal organs: heart (myocarditis), kidneys (pyelonephritis) or even the membranes of the brain (meningitis).

In all cases, an urgent need to see a doctor and start treatment, as the listed diseases can pose a threat to life.

If ARVI has led to a complication, the therapist will refer you to a specialized specialist who deals with the treatment of a specific inflammatory process. Some diseases that develop after ARVI are treated in a hospital setting.

In the risk group in terms of complications are adults with chronic diseases, women who are carrying a child, as well as retirees. It is especially important for these people to treat ARVI strictly under the supervision of a doctor and adhere to bed rest so that the disease does not lead to more serious consequences for the body.

ARVI treatment

Antiviral drugs and primary treatment will be prescribed by a general practitioner. However, you can additionally support your body with effective home remedies and the right regimen to speed up your recovery.

What conditions are important to observe for effective ARVI treatment:

• Stay in bed at least during the first days of illness, when the loss of energy, fever and other symptoms are especially felt. Take a sick leave if possible.This is important because the human body with a viral disease spends a lot of energy on fighting the infection. There is no reserve for the usual activity.
• Drink at least 2 liters of liquid per day. Especially useful will be a warm fortified drink: compote, fruit drink, vitamin decoctions. Instead of black tea, choose herbal tea, and it is better to refuse coffee in the acute period of the illness. During ARVI, the body needs a lot of moisture, because it is constantly excreted outside with sweat, phlegm, and nasal discharge.Due to this, the body fights the virus.
• Gargle your throat and nose several times a day (for example, saline is a good gargle). So you not only additionally moisturize the mucous membranes, but also wash away pathogens from them, and recovery will come faster.
• Do not bring the temperature below 38 degrees – this is a beneficial physiological response. But if the temperature rises above the critical level and is accompanied by a severe headache, you can take an antipyretic drug – over-the-counter or the one prescribed by your doctor.
• Ventilate the room more often so that it is always cool and the contaminated air does not stagnate. There is no need to be afraid of the cold: on the contrary, during an illness it is more harmful to be in a dry and warm room.
• Install a humidifier at home. It is important to maintain a sufficient level of humidity in the room so that the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, lips do not dry out. Only in this case will they be able to perform their protective function and protect against re-infection.
• Use safe home remedies to support your immune system.Ginger, lemon, raspberry jam, turmeric, honey – these foods will really strengthen the body’s defenses.

How not to get sick during the SARS epidemic season

There is no vaccine against ARVI, since there are many viruses in this group, and they constantly mutate. However, before the start of the season, you can get a targeted vaccine against influenza (this is also one of the respiratory viruses). The optimal time for vaccination is September-October. But it’s important to understand that being vaccinated is not 100% protective and does not guarantee that you will not get the flu this year.It only reduces the risk and makes the course of the disease easier if it was not possible to avoid infection.

In general, human immunity resists infection pathogens well, and adults usually do not get sick more than 1 time per season. In addition, simple and affordable ARVI prevention measures will help reduce the risk of the disease.

What to do in order not to get sick during the cold season:

• Avoid crowded places unless absolutely necessary. Try to confine yourself to a place of study or work and grocery stores during the period of the highest incidence; if necessary, you should use a medical mask and gloves to visit these places.
• Wash hands often with soap, and when it is not possible to do this, use disinfectants for the skin: wipes, gels, etc.
• Rinse nose or use salt water spray every time you return from the street. In order for the nasal mucosa to retain viruses, it must be well hydrated.
• To temper, that is, gradually accustom the body to cold and temperature extremes. You can take a contrast shower, pour yourself over with cool water, do rubbing and use other methods.The main result of hardening is an organism adapted to stressful external conditions. A seasoned person is much less at risk of hypothermia and illness.
• Avoid stress and maintain a healthy lifestyle. For strong immunity, it is critically important to get enough sleep, to eat varied and full-fledged, even in autumn and winter. A healthy regimen is the best prevention of seasonal illness.
• Refuse alcohol. Alcohol strikes the immune system, removes vitamin C and other substances important to protect against the virus from the body.
• Maintain the air humidity in the apartment at a sufficient level. It is important to do this not only during the period of illness, but also all the time while the heating radiators are working in the house. A high-quality humidifier will help to achieve air humidity in the house up to 60%, whereas without it in winter this indicator usually does not exceed 20%.

Make an appointment with a doctor in Moscow with ARVI symptoms

Get help from a general practitioner in case of signs of ARVI in the Treatment and Diagnostic Center “Kutuzovsky”.With us, you can pass all the necessary tests within one clinic, quickly get results and start treatment. If necessary, the doctor will refer you to another specialist at our multidisciplinary center.

Call us to make an appointment. Any day is available for recording, including Saturday and Sunday.

The content of this article has been checked and confirmed for compliance with medical standards by a general practitioner Butskikh Yulia Vladimirovna.

90,000 CT scan of nasal sinuses in Moscow

The lining of the sinuses is very sensitive to infections. Frequent inflammation against the background of damage by viruses and bacteria lead to complex forms of ENT diseases. One of the best methods for diagnosing pathological processes is CT scan of the nasal sinuses. Thanks to high-precision equipment, doctors receive clear layer-by-layer images of the tissues of the nasal sinuses in 2 projections, which makes it possible to detect diseases at any stage of development, including the initial one.

Benefits and Features of CT Scan

To study and assess the condition of the sinuses, high-resolution diagnostic equipment is needed. Modern computed tomographs with a large number of emitters and detectors of X-ray waves are ideally suited for this purpose. In one rotation, the scanning systems register several sections at once, which shortens the examination time and ensures high accuracy of its results.

CT or MRI: which is better?

CT uses X-rays.This feature of the method raises many questions and concerns in patients, however, if the attending physician insists on conducting not magnetic resonance imaging, but computed tomography, it is necessary to heed his recommendations, since these studies solve different problems. Radiofrequency MRI pulses are well suited for examining soft tissue. CT is more effective for visualizing bones and hollow organs, which include the sinuses.

When and to whom is computed tomography prescribed? Indications for examination

Patients are referred to CT to diagnose pathologies, and to assess the dynamics of the condition and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment for already identified diseases.Indications for a CT scan may include:

• chronic rhinitis;
• headaches of unknown origin;

90,015 injuries to the facial area;

• regular nosebleeds;
• suspicions of a tumor, cyst, polyps;
• Difficulty in nasal breathing;
• hemorrhages and inflammation in the paranasal cavity;
• X-ray results not consistent with symptoms.

Examination on a computed tomography shows traumatic injuries and destructive changes in the facial bones, congenital anomalies, curvature and abscesses of the nasal septum, inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx and inside the sinuses themselves.

Contraindications

Computed tomography of the sinuses is not done for pregnant women, children under 5 years old and patients weighing more than 150 kg. Contrast CT is not indicated for iodine allergy, thyroid hyperfunction, severe hepatic or renal failure.

How tomography is performed

The safe and painless procedure takes place on a mobile table that fits into the scanner’s tunnel. As with MRI, the patient is asked to remove metal objects from himself before starting the unit. Metal products will not interfere with the operation of the device, but may degrade the quality of the images.

The study without the use of contrast medium lasts 10-15 minutes, with contrast – about half an hour. All this time, the patient must remain motionless.To meet this requirement, young children are usually given general anesthesia in doses that are safe for health. After completing the examination, the doctor analyzes the images and draws up a medical report.

Where to do a CT scan of the sinuses in Moscow?

To diagnose ENT pathologies, the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences uses the latest tomographic equipment, which allows safe scanning at an affordable price. Experienced doctors perform the examination quickly, efficiently, in compliance with all safety rules and a guarantee of the accuracy of the result.

To register for examination at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences and clarify the cost of services, you can call +7 (499) 400 47 33 or use the online form on the website.