How much does an HIV test cost in 2023. What are the different types of HIV tests available. Where can you get tested for HIV. How often should you get tested for HIV. What are the symptoms of HIV and AIDS.

Understanding HIV Testing: Types, Costs, and Locations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing is a crucial step in maintaining one’s health and preventing the spread of the virus. In 2023, the cost of HIV tests can vary significantly depending on the testing location and type of test administered. Let’s explore the different aspects of HIV testing to help you make an informed decision.

Types of HIV Tests

There are several types of HIV tests available, including:

• Antibody tests
• Antigen/antibody tests
• Nucleic acid tests (NAT)

Each test type has its own window period for detecting HIV infection, with NAT being the most sensitive and able to detect HIV earlier than other tests.

HIV Testing Costs

The cost of an HIV test can range from free to over $200, depending on various factors. Here’s a breakdown of average costs at different testing locations:

• Planned Parenthood: Free
• Community health centers: Low-cost or free
• Doctor’s offices: $84 (national average)
• Urgent care clinics: $100-$200
• Hospitals: Varies, potentially higher than other options

For those seeking affordable testing options, Mira offers a full STD panel, including HIV testing, for $99. This service allows you to self-order the test and bypass a doctor’s visit, potentially saving time and money.

At-Home HIV Testing

For those preferring privacy, the FDA-approved OraQuick In-Home HIV Test is available for purchase. This test, which costs around $45.99 at Walgreens, uses oral fluid and provides results in 20-40 minutes. It’s important to note that while convenient, at-home tests may not be as accurate as tests conducted in clinical settings.

HIV Testing Frequency: Guidelines and Recommendations

Understanding how often to get tested for HIV is crucial for early detection and treatment. The frequency of testing depends on various risk factors and individual circumstances.

General Testing Guidelines

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once as part of routine health care. However, certain groups may need more frequent testing:

• Sexually active gay and bisexual men: Every 3 to 6 months
• Individuals with multiple or anonymous partners: At least annually
• Injection drug users: At least annually
• Pregnant women: During each pregnancy

Special Circumstances for HIV Testing

In some cases, immediate HIV testing and potential preventive measures are necessary:

• Sexual assault victims
• Individuals with high-risk exposure to HIV

In these situations, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may be recommended. PEP is a preventive treatment that can potentially stop HIV infection if started within 72 hours of exposure.

HIV and AIDS: Understanding the Difference

While HIV and AIDS are related, they are not the same thing. Understanding the distinction is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is HIV?

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It’s a virus that attacks and weakens the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases. HIV is a lifelong condition, but with proper treatment, individuals can lead long, healthy lives.

What is AIDS?

AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is the most severe stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. Not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS, especially with early detection and proper treatment.

Recognizing HIV Symptoms: The Three Stages of Infection

HIV infection progresses through three distinct stages, each with its own set of symptoms. Recognizing these symptoms can lead to earlier detection and treatment.

Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection

This stage occurs 2 to 4 weeks after infection. About two-thirds of people experience flu-like symptoms, including:

• Fever
• Chills
• Rash
• Night sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Mouth ulcers

These symptoms typically last for a few days to several weeks. However, it’s important to note that some individuals may not experience any symptoms during this stage.

Stage 2: Clinical Latency

Also known as chronic HIV infection, this stage can last for several years. During this time, the virus continues to multiply but at very low levels. People in this stage may not have any HIV-related symptoms, but they can still transmit the virus to others.

Stage 3: AIDS

This is the most severe stage of HIV infection. As the immune system becomes severely damaged, the body becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Symptoms of AIDS may include:

• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or night sweats
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands
• Pneumonia
• Memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders

HIV Prevention: Strategies and Best Practices

Preventing HIV transmission is crucial for public health. There are several effective strategies individuals can employ to reduce their risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.

Safe Sex Practices

Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission. Other safe sex practices include:

• Regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Limiting the number of sexual partners
• Open communication with partners about sexual health

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

PrEP is a medication that, when taken daily, can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection for individuals at high risk. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if PrEP is appropriate for your situation.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

PEP is an emergency medication that can be taken within 72 hours of potential HIV exposure to prevent infection. It’s crucial to start PEP as soon as possible after exposure for the best chance of effectiveness.

Living with HIV: Treatment and Management

While there is no cure for HIV, advances in treatment have made it possible for individuals with HIV to lead long, healthy lives. Understanding the treatment options and management strategies is crucial for those living with HIV.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

ART is the primary treatment for HIV. It involves taking a combination of HIV medicines daily to suppress the virus and prevent it from multiplying. Benefits of ART include:

• Reducing the amount of HIV in the body (viral load)
• Preserving the immune system
• Preventing HIV transmission to others
• Improving overall quality of life

Regular Health Monitoring

People living with HIV should have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor their health and adjust treatment as needed. This typically includes:

• CD4 cell count tests to assess immune system health
• Viral load tests to measure the amount of HIV in the blood
• Screening for other health conditions that may be more common in people with HIV

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

In addition to medical treatment, individuals with HIV can support their health through lifestyle choices such as:

• Eating a balanced, nutritious diet
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Getting adequate sleep
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
• Avoiding harmful substances like tobacco and excessive alcohol

The Future of HIV Research and Treatment

The field of HIV research is constantly evolving, with scientists and medical professionals working tirelessly to improve treatment options and potentially develop a cure. Understanding the current state of HIV research can provide hope and insight into future possibilities.

Vaccine Development

Researchers are actively working on developing an HIV vaccine. While progress has been made, creating an effective vaccine has proven challenging due to the virus’s ability to mutate rapidly. Current research focuses on:

• Broadly neutralizing antibodies that can target multiple HIV strains
• mRNA vaccine technology, similar to that used in some COVID-19 vaccines
• Therapeutic vaccines to boost the immune response in people already living with HIV

Gene Therapy Approaches

Gene therapy shows promise in the fight against HIV. Some areas of research include:

• Modifying immune cells to make them resistant to HIV infection
• Using CRISPR gene-editing technology to remove HIV DNA from infected cells
• Developing ways to “wake up” dormant HIV in the body to make it vulnerable to antiretroviral drugs

Long-Acting Treatments

Researchers are developing long-acting HIV treatments that could potentially replace daily pill regimens. These include:

• Monthly or bi-monthly injectable antiretroviral medications
• Implantable devices that release HIV medication over extended periods
• Long-acting oral formulations that could be taken weekly or monthly

As research progresses, the hope is that these advancements will lead to more effective treatments, improved quality of life for those living with HIV, and ultimately, a cure for the virus.

HIV and Mental Health: Addressing the Psychological Impact

Living with HIV can have significant psychological effects on individuals. Addressing mental health is an essential aspect of comprehensive HIV care and management.

Common Mental Health Challenges

People living with HIV may experience various mental health issues, including:

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Substance abuse

These challenges can arise from various factors, such as the stress of managing a chronic illness, stigma and discrimination, and side effects of HIV medications.

Seeking Support

There are numerous support options available for individuals dealing with the psychological impact of HIV:

• Individual counseling or therapy
• Support groups for people living with HIV
• Peer counseling programs
• Online forums and communities

Engaging with these support systems can help individuals cope with the emotional challenges of living with HIV and improve their overall well-being.

Integrating Mental Health Care

Comprehensive HIV care should include regular mental health screenings and access to mental health services. This integrated approach can lead to better overall health outcomes and improved quality of life for people living with HIV.

By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of HIV, individuals can better manage their condition and lead fulfilling lives. As research continues to advance, the hope is that both medical treatments and mental health support for those affected by HIV will continue to improve, leading to better outcomes and reduced stigma surrounding the virus.

How Much Does an HIV Test Cost in 2023?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that breaks down certain cells in your immune system. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. It’s important for those at risk to get tested for HIV. The test is available at clinics, hospitals, doctor offices, and Planned Parenthood. The national average cost for an HIV test is $84 and can be up to $200 based on research collected.

Mira offers members a full STD panel which includes HIV for only $99; which you can self-order and skip the doctor visit. For just $45 per month, members also get access to discounted prescriptions, affordable urgent care visits, and other lab tests. Sign up today to get tested. 

The Cost of an HIV Test 

You can get an HIV test at your doctor’s office, hospitals, urgent care clinics, or health clinics. The cost for an HIV test ranges between free at Planned Parenthood and $200 at Statcare.

At-Home HIV Tests

The OraQuick In-Home HIV Test is the only HIV test approved by the FDA that people can test themselves at home or in a private location. OraQuick was approved in 2012 for sale in stores and online to anyone age 17 and older.

The kit does not require sending a sample to a lab. It tests fluid from the mouth and delivers results in 20 to 40 minutes. The kit costs $45.99 at Walgreens.

How Often You Should Get Tested for HIV

Sexually active gay and bisexual men may want to consider more frequent testing (for example, every 3 to 6 months). If you’re pregnant, talk to your health care provider about getting tested for HIV and other ways to protect you and your child from getting HIV.

Anyone who has been sexually assaulted or has had a high-risk exposure to HIV should consider taking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and getting an HIV antigen test that can detect infection sooner than standard antibody testing. PEP may prevent HIV infection after possible exposure to HIV if it is started as soon as possible within 3 days after exposure to HIV.

HIV Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Below we go through frequently asked questions regarding HIV.

What is HIV & AIDS?

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is a virus that breaks down certain cells in your immune system (your body’s defense against diseases that helps you stay healthy). When HIV damages your immune system, it’s easier for you to get very sick and even die from infections that your body could normally fight off.

Once you have HIV, the virus always stays in your body. There’s no cure for HIV, but medicines can be used to stay healthy and reduce the risk of infections. Medications for HIV lowers or even completely diminishes the risk of spreading the virus to other people. Studies show that if HIV treatment is used as directed, it can lower the amount of HIV in a person’s blood so much that it might not even show up on a test — in this case, they can’t transmit HIV through sex.

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How is AIDS different than HIV?

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. They are not the same thing, and a person with HIV does not necessarily have AIDS. HIV is transmitted from person to person. Once infected, over time, HIV will destroy an important kind of cell in a person’s immune system (called CD4 cells or T cells) that helps protect them from infections. 

When a person doesn’t have enough CD4 cells, their body cannot off infections the way it normally can. Once the immune system is damaged from HIV, it’s possible to develop AIDS. If you get dangerous infections or have a deficient CD4 cell, you will most likely develop AIDS. AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV, and it would lead to death overtime.

It’s important to get tested and seek treatment- without treatment; it usually takes about 10 years for someone with HIV to develop AIDS. Treatment helps to slow down the damage the virus causes in the body and can help people stay healthy for several decades.

What are the symptoms of HIV & AIDS?

There are three stages of infection of HIV. Each stage has a different set of symptoms individuals may experience: 

Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection

This is within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV; about two-thirds of people will have a flu-like illness. This is the body’s natural response to HIV infection. 

Flu-like symptoms that can occur may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Rash
• Night sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Mouth ulcers

These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. However, it’s possible to not have any symptoms at all during this early stage of HIV.

Stage 2: Clinical Latency

In this stage, the virus multiplies at deficient levels. People in this stage may not feel sick or have any symptoms. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection. If not receiving HIV treatment, it’s possible people can stay in this stage for 10 or 15 years, but it’s possible to move through this stage faster.

If you’re taking HIV medicine every day, exactly as prescribed, as well as getting and keeping an undetectable viral load, individuals can protect their health and protect others by not transmitting the virus.

However, if a viral load is detectable, it’s possible to transmit HIV during this stage, even if you’re not experiencing any symptoms.

Stage 3: AIDS

If a person has HIV and is not on HIV treatment, the virus will eventually weaken their body’s immune system and progress to AIDS. This is the late stage of HIV infection.

Symptoms of AIDS can include:

• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
• Pneumonia
• Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
• Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders

Please note that each of these symptoms can also be related to other illnesses. The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get tested. If you test HIV-positive, a health care provider will diagnose if your HIV has progressed to stage 3 (AIDS) based on certain medical criteria.

According to Couples & Sex Therapist Dr. Kyle Zrenchik, Ph.D., ACS, LMFT, “AIDS is the final stage of HIV, and many people with HIV do not develop AIDS. For HIV to develop into AIDS, a patient has to meet one of two criteria.

1- They develop something called an Opportunistic Infection, which is an infection people develop when they have a severely compromised and weakened immune system. This includes Salmonella, Thrush, Herpes Simplex 1, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. 

2 -The number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. In comparison, a healthy person without HIV/AIDS has between 500-1600 CD4 Cells/mm3.

Of course, the patient also must have an HIV infection, in addition to one of the two criteria, to meet the definition of having AIDS.

While there is some variability, it takes usually between 10-15 years for a normal healthy person to progress from initial infection of HIV to have full-blown AIDS if they are seeking treatment and have retroviral therapy. If they do not have therapy, AIDS can develop in as short as 8-10 years.”

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Should I get tested for HIV?

“HIV can be detected by a blood antigen test in as little as 18 days after exposure. Thus, if one thinks that they are exposed to HIV, they should be tested within 30 days, but they may have to return to get tested again because it can take up to 45 days for HIV to be detectable after exposure. Testing every 3-6 months for people who are sexually active with multiple partners, and do not use protection, is sufficient unless they have direct knowledge of being exposed to HIV. A yearly test for people that are sexually active and use protection is recommended by the CDC. If one is in an exclusive, monogamous relationship with someone who is not HIV positive, then testing is likely unnecessary,” says Dr. Zrenchik. 

The CDC recommends everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once. Some people at higher risk should get tested more often.

If your last HIV test result was negative, you should get an HIV test. If you answer “yes” to any of the questions below, you might be a person of higher risk for HIV:

• Are you a man who has had sex with another man?
• Have you had sex, whether anal or vaginal, with an HIV-positive partner?
• Have you had more than one sexual partner?
• Have you shared needles with others?
• Have you exchanged sex for drugs or money?
• Have you been diagnosed with, or sought treatment for, another sexually transmitted disease?
• Have you been diagnosed with or treated for hepatitis or tuberculosis (TB)?
• Have you had sex with someone who could answer “yes” to any of the above questions or someone whose sexual history you don’t know?

What type of HIV tests are there?

There are several different HIV tests: 

• A NAT looks for the actual virus in the blood and involves drawing blood from a vein. This test can do both, determine if a person has HIV or tell how much of the virus is present in the blood (this is known as the HIV viral load test). A NAT can detect HIV sooner than other types of tests; however, this type of test is costly and not routinely used for screening individuals unless they recently had a high-risk exposure or a possible exposure and have early symptoms of HIV infection.
• An antigen or antibody test looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are produced by your immune system when the person is exposed to viruses such as HIV. Antigens are foreign substances that would cause your immune system to activate and fight off the infection. Antigen or antibody tests are recommended for labs and are now common in the United States. This lab test involves drawing blood from a vein. This is also available through rapid testing, and it’s done with a finger prick.

No HIV test can detect HIV immediately after infection. If you think you’ve been exposed to HIV in the last 72 hours, talk to your health care provider about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) right away.

Where & how do I get tested for HIV?

Under the Affordable Care Act, nobody can be denied health insurance due to a pre-existing condition. Most health insurance plans must cover certain recommended preventive services. This includes HIV testing for everyone between the ages 15 and 65 and for people of other ages at increased risk without additional cost-sharing, such as copays or deductibles.

Whether or not you have insurance, you can likely get an HIV test at the following locations:

• Local health clinic
• Urgent care centers
• Primary care doctor
• Hospitals

If you don’t have insurance, you can become a Mira member and get an STD test (including HIV testing) for just $50- results are private and fast.

There are other options for HIV testing if you don’t have insurance. 

• Health clinics or community health centers
• STD or sexual health clinics
• Your local health department
• Family planning clinics
• VA medical centers
• Substance abuse prevention or treatment programs

How can I prevent HIV?

One way to prevent HIV is by using pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP). PrEP is a daily pill for individuals who do not currently have HIV but are at very high risk of getting HIV to prevent HIV infection. PrEP is one of the best ways to prevent being infected with HIV. Truvada is the prescription medication for PrEP.

PrEP may be a good option for you if:

• You’re in an active and ongoing sexual relationship with a partner living with HIV who does not have an undetectable viral load.
• You’re a gay or bisexual man with multiple sexual partners, and you don’t always use condoms or protection.
• You’re a gay or bisexual man in a sexual relationship but not yet aware of your partner’s HIV status and don’t always use condoms.
• You’re not using condoms with partners of the opposite sex whose HIV status is unknown and who are at high risk of HIV infection (for example, they inject drugs, have multiple partners, or have bisexual male partners)
• You have sex for money or receive gifts for sex.
• You’ve shared injecting equipment or have been in a treatment program for injecting drug use.

Other methods for preventing HIV include:

• Using condoms. Male latex condoms are the most effective way to prevent HIV and STIs when you are having sex.
• Getting tested. Ensure that you and your partner are tested for HIV and other STIs.
• Being monogamous.
• Limiting your number of sexual partners.

Bottom Line

HIV testing is crucial to ensure you do not have HIV. If you are high risk, there are many different ways you can access a test at a low cost. One way is using Mira. For $45 per month, members get access to low-cost lab testing (including an HIV test), affordable urgent care visits, and discounted prescriptions. Sign up today.

Where To Get Tested For HIV / AIDS?

In This Section

• What is HIV & AIDS?

• What are the symptoms of HIV & AIDS?

• Should I get tested for HIV?

• How do I get treated for HIV?

• How do I prevent HIV?

• Living with HIV

• What is PrEP?

• What is PEP?

Getting tested is the only way to find out if you have HIV. HIV tests are recommended for all adults. HIV tests are quick, painless, and sometimes free.

How do I know if I have HIV?

The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get tested. You can’t tell if you have HIV just by the way you feel, because most people who get HIV don’t have any symptoms for years.

Testing is a good idea if you’ve had unprotected sex or if your partner tests positive for HIV. You should also get tested if you’ve shared needles with anybody (for shooting drugs, piercings, or tattoos). If you’re pregnant, get tested for HIV at your first prenatal visit.

Luckily, HIV testing is pretty easy and painless. The best part about getting tested for HIV? Once you get it over with, it can really put your mind at ease. And if you DO have HIV, it’s best to find out right away so you can take medicines to help you stay healthy and lower your chances of spreading HIV to others.

How do HIV tests work?

When you get HIV, your immune system makes antibodies that try to fight off the infection. The most common type of HIV test looks for these antibodies in your blood or cells from your cheek.

It usually takes about 3 months for your body to make enough antibodies to show up on an HIV test, but it could be even longer. This time after you first get infected but won’t test positive for HIV is called the “window period.” If you get tested during this time, you can get a negative result even if you do actually have HIV. You also have the biggest chance of giving HIV to other people during the window period.

What kind of HIV tests are there?

Rapid HIV tests give you results in about 20 minutes. Other tests take longer because they need to be sent out to a lab. HIV tests are usually painless — you just gently rub the inside of your cheek with a soft swab. Sometimes you’ll give a blood sample for testing.

You can test yourself for HIV using an at-home HIV testing kit. With the OraQuick In-Home HIV Test, you swab your gums and test the sample yourself. You get results in 20 minutes. With the Home Access HIV-1 Test, you prick your finger to get a small amount of blood. You mail your blood sample to a lab, and get your results in about a week. At-home tests are totally anonymous — you’re the only person who will know the results. And both types of tests help connect you with counselors who can give you support and advice about treatment if you test positive.

If a rapid HIV test at a clinic or a home test shows that you have HIV, get a follow-up test to make sure the results are correct.

Where can I go for HIV testing?

You can get tested for HIV and other STDs at your doctor’s office, a community health clinic, the health department, or your nearest Planned Parenthood health center. You might want to get your HIV test at a place that also has HIV counseling (like Planned Parenthood).

You can either get an “anonymous” or “confidential” HIV test, depending on the laws in the state that you live in. “Confidential” testing means your name is on the test, and the results go in your medical records. Your doctors and insurance company may also see the results. If you test positive, your results are sent to your local health department so they know the rates of HIV in your area. But your results are protected by privacy laws, so nobody else can see them without your permission.

“Anonymous” testing means your name isn’t on the test. You’ll get an ID number that you’ll use to find out your results. Your results won’t go in your medical records, and they won’t be sent to your insurance company or the health department — you’re the only one who will know them.

STD testing, including HIV testing, isn’t usually automatically part of your regular checkup or gynecologist exam — you have to ask for it directly. Be honest with your nurse or doctor so they can help you figure out what tests are best for you. Don’t be embarrassed: your doctor is there to help, not to judge. (And if your doctor does judge you for asking for an HIV test, maybe it’s time to find a new one.)

The idea of getting tested may seem scary, but try not to freak out. STD testing is part of being responsible and taking care of your health. HIV tests are quick and usually painless. And if you do have HIV, it’s better to know as soon as possible so you can start treatment.

More questions from patients:

Where can I get free HIV testing?

Lots of places! Your local health department may offer free testing, or if you’re a student, your college or university health center may have free HIV testing. Low and no-cost tests are often available from Planned Parenthood health centers and many doctor’s offices, hospitals, and health clinics. Some organizations even set up mobile testing trailers in different cities around the US.

One benefit to visiting a doctor or nurse, like the staff at your nearest Planned Parenthood health center, is being able to talk with someone face-to-face and ask questions about your results.

Keep your eyes open for free testing in your area, do some searching online, or call your nearest Planned Parenthood health center to find out where you can get free HIV testing.

How accurate are HIV tests?

HIV tests are very accurate.  When you get HIV, your immune system makes antibodies that try to fight off the infection. It usually takes about 3 months for your body to make enough antibodies to show up on an HIV test.  So the first 3 months after infection is called the “window period.” If you get tested during this time, you can get a negative result even if you do actually have HIV.

So depending on when you were tested for HIV, you may need another test to be sure that you weren’t in the window period. You also have the biggest chance of giving HIV to other people during the window period. 

Rapid HIV tests (where you get the results in about 20 minutes), and at home HIV tests aren’t quite as accurate as other tests at a clinic that get processed in a lab. So if you get a positive rapid or at-home test, follow up with another test at a health center. You can get an HIV test at your local Planned Parenthood health center.

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  • Examination of the structure of the kidney stone
  • Urinalysis
    • Clinical analysis of urine
    • Urinalysis
  • Fecal examination
    • Fecal examination
    • Fecal chemistry
  • Semen examination
    • Light optical examination of spermatozoa
    • Electron microscopic examination of semen
    • Antisperm antibodies
  • Diagnosis of infectious diseases
    • Viral infections
    • Bacterial infections
    • Fungal infections
    • Parasitic infections
    • Streptococcal infections
  • Cytological studies
  • Histological studies
  • Oncogenetic studies
  • Cytogenetic studies research
  • Non-invasive prenatal tests
  • Genetic predispositions
    • Lifestyle and genetic factors
    • Reproductive health
    • Immunogenetics
    • Rh factor
    • Blood coagulation system
    • Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
    • Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
    • Diseases of the central nervous system
    • Oncological diseases
    • Metabolic disorders
    • Description of the results of genetic research by a geneticist
    • Pharmacogenetics
    • Xenobiotic detoxification system and carcinogens
    • Fetal sex determination
    • Fetal Rh factor
  • Hereditary diseases
  • Hereditary metabolic diseases
    • Hereditary metabolic diseases
    • Additional studies (after screening and consultation with a specialist)
  • Determination of biological relationship: paternity and motherhood
    90 019 Determination of biological relationship in the family: paternity and motherhood
  • Water and soil quality survey
    • Water quality survey
    • Soil quality testing
  • Diagnosis of liver pathology without biopsy: FibroMax, FibroTest, SteatoScreen
    • Calculated tests performed based on SteatoScreen results without blood sampling
  • Di sbiotic conditions of the intestines and urogenital tract
    • General assessment of the natural microflora of the body
    • Study of microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract
    • Femoflor: profiles of studies of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract in women
    • Specific assessment of the natural microflora of the body
  • Test results form in English

• • Blood
  • Urine 900 06
  • Cal
  • Spermogram
  • Gastropanel

• • Endoscopy
  • Functional diagnostics
  • ultrasound

• • Examinations we do not do
  • New tests
  • Obtaining results
  • Additional research orders
  • Medical consultant service
  • Professional position
    • Venous blood for analysis
    • Tumor markers. View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.
    • Testosterone: diagnostic threshold, method-dependent reference values ​​
    • Laboratory assessment of lipid parameters in INVITRO
    • Lipid profile: fasting or not fasting

The cost of analyzes is indicated without taking biomaterial

Description

Method of determination
Chemiluminescent immunoassay, a combined test aimed at the simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen.

Test material
Blood serum

Home visit available

Attention! In case of positive and doubtful reactions, the term for issuing the result can be extended up to 10 working days.

Synonyms: Blood test for HIV1 and 2 antibodies and HIV1 and 2 antigen; HIV-1 p24; HIV-1 antigen, p24 antigen; HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and p24/25 antigen, 4th generation HIV test systems; Simultaneous qualitative determination of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV antigens types 1 and 2.

Anti-HIV, HIV antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies; HIV-1 p24, HIV-1 Ag, p24-antigen; HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibody and Antigen Evaluation; HIV Screening Tests; AIDS Test; AIDS Screen; HIV Serology.

Brief description of the test for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and Antigen of HIV 1 and 2

Antibodies to HIV may appear from the second week after infection. Their content increases within 2-4 weeks and persists for many years. In 90-95% of those infected, they appear in the first three months after infection, in 5-9% – in the period from three to six months, in 0.5-1% – at a later date. After HIV infection, even before the appearance of antibodies (seroconversion), HIV antigens can be detected in serum or plasma samples. Structural nuclear protein HIV p24, which appears in the blood two weeks after infection, disappears only after two months. The test system of the 4th generation, with which this test is performed, allows, in addition to detecting antibodies to HIV 1 and 2, to detect the HIV p24 antigen. Thus, the study can be informative even before seroconversion. This approach in the laboratory diagnosis of HIV allows for the earliest detection of infection. The special characteristics of the Invitro test used in the laboratory to detect HIV infection include the high specificity of the study: > 99.5%; 100% sensitivity of the assay to antibodies characteristic of the period of seroconversion, and the sensitivity of the test to the p24 antigen is about 18 pg/ml.

Most people with HIV antibodies may not show clinical signs of the disease (AIDS) for two to ten years or more. The procedure for conducting a laboratory examination for the presence of HIV antigens and antibodies to HIV is strictly regulated by orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and includes the stage of a screening (screening) study by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) methods approved for use, and the stage of a verification (confirming) study by the immunoblot method in the laboratory of the city center AIDS.

It should be noted that even the best diagnostic ELISA systems do not have 100% specificity, that is, there is some possibility of obtaining non-specific, false positive results associated with the characteristics of the patient’s blood serum. Therefore, a positive screening ELISA result may not be confirmed in a confirmatory test, after which the patient will be given a negative result. If indeterminate results are obtained in a confirmatory study, testing is repeated over time. It is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 weeks.

Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers has its own characteristics. In their blood up to 18 months from the moment of birth, maternal antibodies to HIV (IgG class) can circulate. The absence of antibodies to HIV in newborns does not mean that the virus has not crossed the placental barrier. Children of HIV-infected mothers are subject to laboratory diagnostic examination within 36 months after birth.

What is the purpose of testing for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen

The test is used to detect HIV, including at the preclinical stage of the disease. The combined determination of specific antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2 and the HIV p24 antigen in the blood is used as an analysis for the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Timely diagnosis of the infectious process can prevent the spread of the virus in the population and allow you to start specific therapy as soon as possible.

What can affect the result of the test for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen

In rare cases, a false positive result is possible if the patient’s blood contains antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus, rheumatoid factor, HLA major histocompatibility complex, or antibodies after the introduction of the HIV vaccine. No special preparation required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than 4 hours after the last meal. It is advisable to conduct a test for the detection of antigen and antibodies to HIV no earlier than two weeks after a possible infection, repeating it after three and six weeks in case of a negative result. Registration of applications for research at Invitro LLC is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from a hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial. With an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who placed the order.

Registration of applications for research by minors (under 18 years of age) is carried out exclusively in the presence of a person who has the authority to represent the interests of the minor. The representative of a minor is obliged to present a document confirming his authority as a legal representative.

Attention! Research results performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, occupational examinations, and are not subject to registration with the IRMS.

Indications for prescribing

In what cases is an analysis for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen carried out:

• swollen lymph nodes in more than two areas;
• leukopenia with lymphopenia;
• night sweats;
• sudden weight loss of unknown etiology;
• diarrhea for more than three weeks of unclear etiology;
• fever of unknown etiology;
• pregnancy planning;
• preoperative preparation, hospitalization;
• detection of the following infections or their combinations: clinically manifested toxoplasmosis, often recurrent herpesvirus infection and shingles, candidiasis of internal organs, repeated neuralgia, pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, pneumocysts or legionella, recurrent pharyngitis and sinusitis;
• Kaposi’s sarcoma at a young age;
• unprotected sex.

Interpretation of results

Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.

Units: quality test.

Qualitative reporting format: a negative result of a screening test used by the laboratory that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and p24 antigen results in a “negative” response. If the result of the screening combined test is positive, the serum sample is sent for further testing to the reference laboratory (see below).

Pay attention! Information on positive HIV antibody results.

Dear patients! In accordance with the regulations in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, we bring to your attention:

• In case of a positive result in a screening diagnostic test that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen, the analysis in the laboratory is carried out consecutively two more times (with the same serum sample and the same test system). If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).
• The client in such situations is informed about the transfer of the sample for additional confirmatory studies to the reference laboratory and the delay in issuing the result.
• A positive or indeterminate result of confirmatory studies conducted at the AIDS Center is issued personally to the examined person or his legal representative, after the necessary explanations (post-test counseling). It is not reported by phone, e-mail, by SMS informing.
• False-positive result requiring repeat or additional testing*.
• The study is not informative in children under 18 months of age born to HIV-infected mothers (maternal antibodies may be present in the blood).

* The specificity of the screening test system “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and antigen of HIV 1 and 2 (HIV Ag/Ab Combo, Abbott)”, according to estimates provided by the reagent manufacturer, is about 99. 6% both in the general population and in the group of patients with potential interferences (infections of HBV, HCV, Rubella, HAV, EBV, HNLV-I, HTLV-II, E. coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc., autoimmune pathologies ( including rheumatoid arthritis, presence of antinuclear antibodies), pregnancy, elevated levels of IgG, IgM, monoclonal gammopathy, hemodialysis, multiple blood transfusions).

Negative

1. Not infected (provided that the diagnostic timing of the analysis is observed).
2. Seronegative variant of the course of infection (antibodies are produced late).
3. End-stage AIDS (impaired formation of antibodies to HIV).
4. The study is not informative (diagnostic terms are not met). If a negative HIV test result is obtained in individuals who have reported a high risk of HIV infection in the past three months, the HIV test should be repeated after two weeks.

Doubtful

If an indeterminate HIV test result is obtained in individuals at risk of HIV infection in the last three months, the HIV test should be repeated two weeks later.

Registration of applications for research at LLC “Invitro” is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from the hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial.

During an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who made the order.

Attention! The results of studies performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, professional examinations, and are not subject to registration with the ORUIB.

Questions

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In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the analysis “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and HIV 1 and 2 antigen (HIV Ag / Ab Combo)” in Moscow and other cities of Russia, do not forget that the price of the analysis, the cost of the procedure for taking biomaterial, methods and terms of research in regional medical offices may differ.

Take an HIV test, the price of an AIDS test in Yekaterinburg in Invitro

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• Non-invasive prenatal tests
• Genetic predispositions
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  • Reproductive health
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  • Blood coagulation system
  • Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
  • Diseases gastrointestinal tract
  • Diseases of the central nervous system
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  • Description of the results of genetic studies by a geneticist
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  • System for detoxification of xenobiotics and carcinogens
  • Determining the sex of the fetus
  • Rh factor of the fetus
• Hereditary diseases
• Hereditary metabolic diseases
  • Hereditary metabolic diseases
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• Determination of biological relationship: paternity and motherhood
  • Determination of biological relationship in the family: paternity and motherhood
• Water and soil quality study
  • Water quality study
  • Soil quality study
• Diagnosis of liver pathology without biopsy : FibroMax, FibroTest, SteatoScreen
  • Calculated tests based on SteatoScreen results without blood sampling
• Dysbiotic conditions of the intestine and urogenital tract
  • General assessment of the natural microflora of the body
  • Study of the microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract
  • Femoflor: profiles of studies of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract in women

  900 19 Specific assessment of the natural microflora of the body

• English

• • Blood
  • Urine
  • Feces
  • Semen
  • Gastropanel

• • Endoscopy 900 06
  • Functional diagnostics
  • Ultrasound

• • Tests we don’t do
  • New tests
  • Obtaining results
  • Additional research orders
  • Medical consultant service
  • Professional position
    • Venous blood for analysis
    • Tumor markers. View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.
    • Testosterone: diagnostic threshold, method-dependent reference values ​​
    • Laboratory assessment of lipid metabolism parameters in INVITRO
    • Lipid profile: fasting or not fasting

9001 7
The cost of analyzes is indicated without taking biomaterial

Description

Method of determination
Chemiluminescent immunoassay, a combined test aimed at the simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen.

Test material
Blood serum

Attention! In case of positive and doubtful reactions, the term for issuing the result can be extended up to 10 working days.

Synonyms: Blood test for HIV1 and 2 antibodies and HIV1 and 2 antigen; HIV-1 p24; HIV-1 antigen, p24 antigen; HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and p24/25 antigen, 4th generation HIV test systems; Simultaneous qualitative determination of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV antigens types 1 and 2.

Anti-HIV, HIV antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies; HIV-1 p24, HIV-1 Ag, p24-antigen; HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibody and Antigen Evaluation; HIV Screening Tests; AIDS Test; AIDS Screen; HIV Serology.

Test summary for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and Antigen of HIV 1 and 2

Antibodies to HIV may appear as early as the second week after infection. Their content increases within 2-4 weeks and persists for many years. In 90-95% of those infected, they appear in the first three months after infection, in 5-9% – in the period from three to six months, in 0.5-1% – at a later date. After HIV infection, even before the appearance of antibodies (seroconversion), HIV antigens can be detected in serum or plasma samples. Structural nuclear protein HIV p24, which appears in the blood two weeks after infection, disappears only after two months. The test system of the 4th generation, with which this test is performed, allows, in addition to detecting antibodies to HIV 1 and 2, to detect the HIV p24 antigen. Thus, the study can be informative even before seroconversion. This approach in the laboratory diagnosis of HIV allows for the earliest detection of infection. The special characteristics of the Invitro test used in the laboratory to detect HIV infection include the high specificity of the study: > 99.5%; 100% sensitivity of the assay to antibodies characteristic of the period of seroconversion, and the sensitivity of the test to the p24 antigen is about 18 pg/ml.

Most people with HIV antibodies may not show clinical signs of the disease (AIDS) for two to ten years or more. The procedure for conducting a laboratory examination for the presence of HIV antigens and antibodies to HIV is strictly regulated by orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and includes the stage of a screening (screening) study by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) methods approved for use, and the stage of a verification (confirming) study by the immunoblot method in the laboratory of the city center AIDS.

It should be noted that even the best diagnostic ELISA systems do not have 100% specificity, that is, there is some possibility of obtaining non-specific, false positive results associated with the characteristics of the patient’s blood serum. Therefore, a positive screening ELISA result may not be confirmed in a confirmatory test, after which the patient will be given a negative result. If indeterminate results are obtained in a confirmatory study, testing is repeated over time. It is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 weeks.

Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers has its own characteristics. In their blood up to 18 months from the moment of birth, maternal antibodies to HIV (IgG class) can circulate. The absence of antibodies to HIV in newborns does not mean that the virus has not crossed the placental barrier. Children of HIV-infected mothers are subject to laboratory diagnostic examination within 36 months after birth.

What is the purpose of testing for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen

The test is used to detect HIV, including at the preclinical stage of the disease. The combined determination of specific antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2 and the HIV p24 antigen in the blood is used as an analysis for the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Timely diagnosis of the infectious process can prevent the spread of the virus in the population and allow you to start specific therapy as soon as possible.

What can affect the result of the test for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen

In rare cases, a false positive result is possible if the patient’s blood contains antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus, rheumatoid factor, HLA major histocompatibility complex, or antibodies after the introduction of the HIV vaccine. No special preparation required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than 4 hours after the last meal. It is advisable to conduct a test for the detection of antigen and antibodies to HIV no earlier than two weeks after a possible infection, repeating it after three and six weeks in case of a negative result. Registration of applications for research at Invitro LLC is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from a hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial. With an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who placed the order.

Registration of applications for research by minors (under 18 years of age) is carried out exclusively in the presence of a person who has the authority to represent the interests of the minor. The representative of a minor is obliged to present a document confirming his authority as a legal representative.

Attention! Research results performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, occupational examinations, and are not subject to registration with the IRMS.

Indications for prescribing

In what cases is an analysis for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen carried out:

• swollen lymph nodes in more than two areas;
• leukopenia with lymphopenia;
• night sweats;
• sudden weight loss of unknown etiology;
• diarrhea for more than three weeks of unclear etiology;
• fever of unknown etiology;
• pregnancy planning;
• preoperative preparation, hospitalization;
• detection of the following infections or their combinations: clinically manifested toxoplasmosis, often recurrent herpesvirus infection and shingles, candidiasis of internal organs, repeated neuralgia, pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, pneumocysts or legionella, recurrent pharyngitis and sinusitis;
• Kaposi’s sarcoma at a young age;
• unprotected sex.

Interpretation of results

Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.

Units: quality test.

Qualitative reporting format: a negative result of a screening test used by the laboratory that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and p24 antigen results in a “negative” response. If the result of the screening combined test is positive, the serum sample is sent for further testing to the reference laboratory (see below).

Pay attention! Information on positive HIV antibody results.

Dear patients! In accordance with the regulations in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, we bring to your attention:

• In case of a positive result in a screening diagnostic test that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen, the analysis in the laboratory is carried out consecutively two more times (with the same serum sample and the same test system). If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).
• The client in such situations is informed about the transfer of the sample for additional confirmatory studies to the reference laboratory and the delay in issuing the result.
• A positive or indeterminate result of confirmatory studies conducted at the AIDS Center is issued personally to the examined person or his legal representative, after the necessary explanations (post-test counseling). It is not reported by phone, e-mail, by SMS informing.
• False-positive result requiring repeat or additional testing*.
• The study is not informative in children under 18 months of age born to HIV-infected mothers (maternal antibodies may be present in the blood).

* The specificity of the screening test system “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and antigen of HIV 1 and 2 (HIV Ag/Ab Combo, Abbott)”, according to estimates provided by the reagent manufacturer, is about 99. 6% both in the general population and in the group of patients with potential interferences (infections of HBV, HCV, Rubella, HAV, EBV, HNLV-I, HTLV-II, E. coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc., autoimmune pathologies ( including rheumatoid arthritis, presence of antinuclear antibodies), pregnancy, elevated levels of IgG, IgM, monoclonal gammopathy, hemodialysis, multiple blood transfusions).

Negative

1. Not infected (provided that the diagnostic timing of the analysis is observed).
2. Seronegative variant of the course of infection (antibodies are produced late).
3. End-stage AIDS (impaired formation of antibodies to HIV).
4. The study is not informative (diagnostic terms are not met). If a negative HIV test result is obtained in individuals who have reported a high risk of HIV infection in the past three months, the HIV test should be repeated after two weeks.

Doubtful

If an indeterminate HIV test result is obtained in individuals at risk of HIV infection in the last three months, the HIV test should be repeated two weeks later.

Registration of applications for research at LLC “Invitro” is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from the hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial.

During an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who made the order.

Attention! The results of studies performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, professional examinations, and are not subject to registration with the ORUIB.