How do allergies develop in the human body. What causes the immune system to misidentify harmless substances as threats. Why are allergy rates increasing worldwide. How can we prevent and manage allergic reactions.

The Rising Global Prevalence of Allergies

Allergies have become a significant global health concern, with rates rising dramatically in both developed and developing countries. According to the World Allergy Organization (WAO), hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by various types of allergies:

• Hay fever: 400 million individuals
• Asthma: 300 million individuals
• Food allergies: 200-250 million individuals
• Drug allergies: Approximately 10% of the world’s population

In the United States alone, an estimated 50 million people suffer from allergies. This increasing prevalence has sparked intense research into the mechanisms behind allergy development and potential prevention strategies.

Understanding Allergens: The Triggers of Allergic Reactions

Allergens are molecules in our environment that have the potential to cause allergic reactions. These can come from various sources, including:

• Tree pollen
• Food
• Mold
• Dust mites
• Snake or insect venom
• Animals (e.g., cats, dogs, cockroaches)

When the immune system mistakenly identifies one of these substances as a threat, an allergy develops. It’s important to note that no one is born with allergies; instead, they develop after the immune system comes into contact with the allergen.

The Immune System’s Role in Allergy Development

To understand how allergies develop, we must first examine the immune system’s response to foreign substances. Researchers Lisa A. Reynolds and B. Brett Finlay from the University of British Columbia have shed light on this process in their article published in Nature Reviews Immunology.

When foreign molecules enter the body through the lungs, mouth, intestine, or skin, the immune system assesses them and labels them as either harmless or dangerous. In most cases, our bodies accept or tolerate the presence of allergens, which is known as a Type 1 immune response. This response is primarily mediated by regulatory T cells.

However, in some individuals, the immune system perceives the allergen as a threat, leading to a pro-inflammatory response called a Type 2 immune response. This response involves T helper type 2 cells, which stimulate the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules in most allergies.

Allergic Sensitization: The First Step in Allergy Development

The initial exposure to an allergen that results in a Type 2 immune response is called allergic sensitization. This process is crucial in the development of allergies, as it creates a lasting memory of the substance in the body.

Once sensitization occurs, subsequent exposures to the allergen trigger a rapid response from IgE molecules. These molecules release a cascade of inflammatory substances, such as histamine, leading to the characteristic symptoms of allergic reactions.

Manifestations of Allergic Reactions: From Mild to Severe

Allergic reactions can manifest in various ways, and each individual’s experience is unique. Some common manifestations include:

• Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)
• Allergic asthma
• Food allergies
• Anaphylaxis (a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction)

The severity of these reactions can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening situations, highlighting the importance of proper diagnosis and management of allergies.

The Lifelong Impact of Allergies and Current Treatment Approaches

Once developed, allergies typically become a lifelong companion. Current treatment strategies primarily focus on managing symptoms rather than curing the underlying condition. However, as scientists continue to unravel the mechanisms behind the immune system’s switch from Type 1 to Type 2 responses, there is a growing emphasis on preventing allergies from occurring in the first place.

With 40 to 50 percent of schoolchildren worldwide sensitized to one or more allergens, developing effective prevention strategies could have a significant impact on global health.

Food Allergies: A Closer Look at Causes and Prevention

Food allergies are a particularly concerning type of allergy, as they can lead to severe reactions and significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. But how exactly do food allergies develop?

A food allergy occurs when a person’s immune system produces IgE antibodies against a protein (allergen) in food. These antibodies attach to immune cells throughout the body. When the person is exposed to the allergen again, it binds to these antibodies, triggering the release of chemicals that cause allergic symptoms.

The severity of symptoms can vary widely, from mild skin reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis. This variability raises several important questions for researchers:

1. Why do some people develop IgE antibodies to certain foods while others do not?
2. Why do some individuals with IgE antibodies to a food allergen experience severe reactions, while others have mild or no symptoms?
3. Can we predict who will develop food allergies?
4. Is it possible to prevent food allergies from developing?

Current Research in Food Allergy Prevention

Recent studies have shed light on potential strategies for preventing food allergies. One significant breakthrough came from research on peanut allergies. Contrary to previous recommendations, studies now suggest that early introduction of peanuts to infants may help prevent the development of peanut allergies.

The Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP) study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that introducing peanut-containing foods to infants at high risk for peanut allergy significantly reduced their likelihood of developing the allergy by age 5.

This groundbreaking research has led to new guidelines from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), recommending early introduction of peanut-containing foods to infants at various risk levels for peanut allergy.

The Role of Environmental Factors in Allergy Development

While genetic factors play a role in allergy susceptibility, environmental factors are increasingly recognized as crucial in allergy development. But what specific environmental factors contribute to the rising rates of allergies worldwide?

• Hygiene hypothesis: This theory suggests that reduced exposure to microbes in early life due to improved hygiene practices may lead to an increased risk of allergies.
• Air pollution: Studies have shown a correlation between increased air pollution and higher rates of allergies and asthma.
• Climate change: Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns can affect pollen production and distribution, potentially increasing allergy prevalence.
• Dietary changes: The modern Western diet, high in processed foods and low in fiber, may influence the gut microbiome and immune system development.
• Vitamin D deficiency: Some research suggests that low vitamin D levels may increase the risk of developing allergies.

Understanding these environmental factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies and explaining the rising global prevalence of allergies.

Emerging Treatments and Future Directions in Allergy Management

While current allergy treatments primarily focus on symptom management, researchers are exploring novel approaches to prevent or even cure allergies. What promising treatments are on the horizon?

Immunotherapy

Allergen-specific immunotherapy involves exposing patients to gradually increasing doses of an allergen to desensitize the immune system. This approach has shown promise in treating various allergies, including food allergies.

Biologics

Biologic drugs target specific components of the immune system involved in allergic reactions. For example, anti-IgE antibodies can help reduce allergic symptoms by binding to and neutralizing IgE antibodies.

Microbiome Modulation

Research into the gut microbiome’s role in allergy development has led to interest in probiotic and prebiotic interventions as potential allergy prevention strategies.

Gene Therapy

Advances in genetic research may lead to targeted therapies that address the underlying genetic factors contributing to allergy susceptibility.

As our understanding of allergy mechanisms continues to grow, these and other innovative approaches hold promise for more effective prevention and treatment strategies in the future.

The Importance of Early Detection and Diagnosis

Early detection and accurate diagnosis of allergies are crucial for effective management and prevention of severe reactions. What methods are currently used to diagnose allergies?

• Skin prick tests: Small amounts of suspected allergens are introduced into the skin to observe for reactions.
• Blood tests: These measure the levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the blood.
• Oral food challenges: Under medical supervision, patients consume small amounts of a suspected food allergen to confirm or rule out an allergy.
• Component-resolved diagnostics: This advanced testing method identifies specific molecular components of allergens that a person is reactive to, allowing for more precise diagnosis and treatment.

Accurate diagnosis not only helps in managing existing allergies but also plays a crucial role in preventing the development of new allergies through appropriate interventions and lifestyle modifications.

The Economic Impact of Allergies on Healthcare Systems

The rising prevalence of allergies not only affects individual health but also places a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. How do allergies impact healthcare costs and resource allocation?

According to a study published in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the annual cost of allergies in the United States is estimated to be $18 billion. This includes direct medical costs, such as doctor visits and medications, as well as indirect costs like lost productivity.

Allergic diseases also contribute to increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations, particularly for severe reactions like anaphylaxis. The economic impact extends beyond healthcare, affecting various sectors including:

• Education: School absences due to allergic symptoms
• Workplace: Reduced productivity and increased absenteeism
• Food industry: Costs associated with allergen labeling and product recalls
• Travel and hospitality: Accommodations for individuals with allergies

Understanding the economic impact of allergies underscores the importance of investing in research, prevention strategies, and improved management techniques to reduce the overall burden on society.

The Role of Public Health Initiatives in Allergy Prevention

Given the increasing prevalence and impact of allergies, public health initiatives play a crucial role in prevention and management. What strategies can be implemented at a population level to address the allergy epidemic?

Education and Awareness

Public health campaigns can raise awareness about allergy triggers, symptoms, and management strategies. This includes educating healthcare providers, patients, and the general public about the latest research and guidelines.

Environmental Interventions

Policies aimed at reducing air pollution, improving indoor air quality, and managing pollen-producing plants in urban areas can help reduce exposure to common allergens.

Early Intervention Programs

Implementing evidence-based guidelines for early introduction of potential allergens, particularly in high-risk infants, can help prevent the development of food allergies.

Improved Food Labeling

Clear and consistent allergen labeling on food products helps individuals with food allergies make informed choices and avoid accidental exposure.

School and Workplace Policies

Developing comprehensive allergy management plans in schools and workplaces can help create safer environments for individuals with allergies.

By implementing these and other public health initiatives, we can work towards reducing the overall burden of allergies on individuals and society as a whole.

The Psychological Impact of Living with Allergies

While the physical symptoms of allergies are well-documented, the psychological impact of living with allergies is often overlooked. How do allergies affect mental health and quality of life?

Individuals with allergies, particularly severe or multiple allergies, may experience:

• Anxiety: Constant worry about potential exposure to allergens
• Depression: Feelings of isolation or frustration due to dietary restrictions or lifestyle limitations
• Social challenges: Difficulties participating in social activities or dining out
• Sleep disturbances: Allergic symptoms can interfere with sleep quality
• Reduced quality of life: Ongoing management of allergies can be time-consuming and stressful

Recognizing and addressing these psychological aspects is crucial for comprehensive allergy care. Support groups, counseling, and educational programs can help individuals cope with the emotional challenges of living with allergies.

The Intersection of Allergies and Other Health Conditions

Allergies don’t exist in isolation; they often intersect with other health conditions, complicating diagnosis and treatment. What are some important connections between allergies and other medical issues?

Allergies and Asthma

There’s a strong link between allergies and asthma, with many individuals experiencing both conditions. Allergic triggers can exacerbate asthma symptoms, making management of both conditions crucial.

Allergies and Eczema

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is often associated with allergies, particularly in children. Understanding this connection can help in developing comprehensive treatment plans.

Allergies and Autoimmune Disorders

Some research suggests a potential link between allergies and certain autoimmune disorders, though the exact nature of this relationship is still being studied.

Allergies and Gastrointestinal Issues

Food allergies can sometimes be confused with or coexist with other gastrointestinal disorders, such as celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome.

Recognizing these intersections is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive care and accurate diagnosis of allergic conditions.

Allergies: How do they develop?

Worldwide, allergies are on the rise at an alarming rate. How do our bodies mistake otherwise harmless substances for potential dangers and cause the unpleasant, and sometimes even fatal, symptoms of allergy?

Share on PinterestAllergies affect millions of people worldwide, and the number is rising.

From the mother anxiously watching for signs of wheezing the first time her child eats peanut butter to the retiree’s sudden reaction to shellfish, allergies can strike at any point during our lives.

Hay fever affects 400 million individuals globally, with asthma affecting 300 million, food allergies between 200 and 250 million, and drug allergies affecting around 10 percent of the world’s population.

The World Allergy Organization (WAO) warn that “the prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide is rising dramatically in both developed and developing countries.”

Allergens, or molecules with the potential to cause allergy, are everywhere in our environment. They come in the form of tree pollen, food, mold, dust mites, snake or insect venom, and animals, such as cats, dogs, and cockroaches.

When the body mistakes one of these substances as a threat and reacts with an immune response, we develop an allergy. Nobody is born with allergies. Instead, the 50 million people in the United States who suffer from allergies developed these only once their immune systems came into contact with the culprit.

But how do our bodies mistake a friend for a foe? And what causes the symptoms that many are so familiar with?

Allergy is defined as an inappropriate immune response to an otherwise harmless substance in the environment.

Lisa A. Reynolds and B. Brett Finlay – both from the Michael Smith Laboratories at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada – explain in an article published in the journal Nature Reviews Immunology how the immune system reacts to foreign substances.

Our immune cells are always on the lookout for dangers, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxic substances. When these molecules enter the body – through the lungs, mouth, intestine, or skin – the immune system can react by labeling them as either harmless or dangerous.

Most of the time, our bodies accept or tolerate the presence of allergens.

This is called a Type 1 immune response, and the cell type at the heart of this process is the regulatory T cell.

That being said, in some individuals, the body’s immune cells see the allergen as a threat, and a pro-inflammatory response occurs as a result. This is called a Type 2 immune response, and a different class of T cell appears on the scene: T helper type 2 cells.

These cells stimulate the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) E molecules in most allergies.

The first exposure to an allergen that results in a Type 2 immune response is called allergic sensitization.

Importantly, once the body has been sensitized, it maintains a lasting memory of the substance. And then, when it next comes into contact with the culprit, IgE molecules are primed to release a cascade of inflammatory players such as histamine, causing the unpleasant and potentially deadly symptoms of allergy.

Allergies can manifest in several different ways, and everyone’s experience is unique. Our bodies can react by developing eczema (atopic dermatitis), hay fever (allergic rhinitis), allergic asthma, food allergies, or anaphylaxis, which is a severe and potentially deadly allergic reaction.

Allergies are a lifetime companion, and treatment mostly revolves around the management of symptoms.

But, as scientists are steadily getting to the bottom of what makes our immune system switch from Type 1 to Type 2 responses, there is a call to focus on preventing allergies from occurring in the first place.

With 40 to 50 percent of schoolchildren worldwide sensitized to one or more allergens, preventing allergies in the future is likely to have a huge impact on global health.

Causes and Prevention of Food Allergy

A food allergy develops when a person eats, touches or inhales a protein in food called an allergen, and then the immune system makes a type of antibody against the allergen called IgE. Copies of this IgE antibody move through the blood and attach to two kinds of cells in the immune system.

When a person with IgE antibodies eats, touches or inhales the same food allergen again, the allergen binds to the antibodies attached to the immune cells. This binding tells the cells to release huge amounts of chemicals. The chemicals cause different symptoms depending on the tissue where they are released. For instance, when they are released in the skin, they cause hives, itching and redness.

Scientists have many basic questions about food allergy. These include:

• Why do some people develop IgE antibodies to certain foods while other people do not?

• Why do some people who develop IgE antibodies to a food allergen have no allergic reaction?

• Why do some people with food allergy have severe allergic reactions, but not others?

Researchers are seeking answers to these questions with the hope of finding ways to prevent food allergies or make allergic reactions to food less severe.

For several decades, health care experts advised parents to avoid giving infants foods that could cause food allergy. But in 2008, the American Academy of Pediatrics decided there was no convincing evidence that delaying giving such foods to infants older than 6 months could prevent food allergy. Finally, the 2015 results of a NIAID-funded study called Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) led to a complete reversal of the old advice. The LEAP researchers found that giving children foods with peanut before their first birthday drastically reduced their risk for having peanut allergy by the time they were 5 years old. Peanut allergy developed 80 percent less frequently in children who had started eating peanut as infants than in children who had avoided eating peanut until age 5.

The LEAP researchers then asked many of the children in the study to avoid eating peanut from ages 5 to 6 years. Peanut allergy developed 74 percent less frequently among 6-year-olds whose early diet had included peanut than among 6-year-olds who had originally avoided peanut. This suggested that feeding an infant peanut prevents the development of peanut allergy in a strong, long-lasting way.

The LEAP study also suggested that developing peanut allergy depends on whether children first get exposed to peanut by eating it or through skin contact. Some infants in the group that avoided peanuts became sensitized to peanut at a young age. The researchers hypothesized that exposure to tiny amounts of peanut through the skin might have caused this sensitization.

Based on the strength of the LEAP results, NIAID led the development of the Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States published in January 2017. 

Since then, researchers around the world have conducted studies that found giving infants other allergy-causing foods such as milk and egg may also help prevent food allergy. As a result, many countries are expanding the original guidelines for preventing peanut allergy to include foods beyond peanut.

90,000 causes, symptoms and cures. Prevention and treatment at home

This article explains the essence of allergies and the right ways to recognize its symptoms in advance. Consider the typical causes of an allergic reaction and irritants that many are unaware of. You will learn how to reduce the risk of allergens through allergy medications, home remedies, diet, and medications.

What is allergy

Allergy is a defensive reaction of the body to a substance that is potentially dangerous for it. An immune response – an allergic reaction – can occur when the cells of the immune system interpret a foreign substance or allergen as harmful, even if it is not.

The allergen causing the allergic reaction can be an everyday substance that is harmless to most people. For example, milk, pollen from flowers, latex or zinc.

An allergic reaction is a characteristic response not only to a chemical, but also to a physical stimulus (heat, cold, light, mechanical or radiation factors).

Regardless of the type, the symptoms tend to be similar.

Symptoms: How an Allergy Manifests

An allergic reaction has different manifestations, the symptoms depend on the type of allergen. The response of the body may occur in the intestines, on the body or face, on the mucous membranes, in the airways or eyes.

Allergy to dust and pollen

Allergy to pollen – hay fever – is seasonal. Pollinosis occurs with the following symptoms:

1. – Stuffy nose.
2. – Runny nose.
3. – Itching in the nose and sneezing.
4. – Cough.
5. – Eye irritation, tears.

Food allergy

Signs of food allergy:

1. – Itching of the tongue and throat.
2. – Redness and irritation of the skin.
3. – Swelling of the lips, face and throat.
4. – Shortness of breath.
5. – Cramps in the stomach.
6. – Vomiting.
7. – Rectal bleeding (in children).
8. – Diarrhea.

Allergy to insect stings and stings

Signs of sting allergy:

1. – Swelling and excessive swelling at the site of the sting.
2. – Shortness of breath and chest tightness.
3. – Wheezing and cough.
4. – Itching of the skin.
5. – Vertigo.
6. – Anxiety.
7. – Sudden drop in blood pressure.

A very severe allergic reaction can lead to a condition called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, coma, organ failure, and death

The early symptoms of anaphylaxis are quite mild and similar to those of minor or moderate allergic reactions, but they often worsen quickly.

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

1. – Unexplained anxiety.
2. – Tingling in the palms, soles of the feet and lips.
3. – Swollen tongue, throat, mouth and face.
4. – Difficulty breathing.
5. – Rapid but weak pulse.
6. – Low blood pressure.
7. – Confusion or disorientation.
8. – Loss of consciousness.
9. – Very pale or blue skin.
10. – Heart attack.

Recognizing these symptoms can be crucial for timely help and treatment.

High risk groups

Observations show that the following categories of people are most at risk of developing allergies:

• Having relatives with allergies or asthma.
• Under 18 years of age.
• Born by caesarean section.

C-section babies are not exposed to the mother’s microbiome during delivery and are likely to be more susceptible to allergic reactions

Allergy Causes

Allergies can be caused by anything. The reaction occurs in response to the allergen entering the mucous membrane, skin or blood.

In adults, there may also be psychosomatic allergies due to stress and nervous breakdown.

Food allergies are usually associated with the following foods:

• eggs, proteins;
• fish;
• milk;
• peanuts;
• crustaceans and mollusks;
• wheat and gluten;
• soy;
• certain types of fruit.

Other types of allergens:

• pet hair,
• dandruff, skin scales or animal saliva;
• mold and fungus;
• medicines, eg penicillin;
• insect bites;
• cockroaches, dragonflies, midges and moths;
• plant pollen;
• household chemicals;
• metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium and zinc;
• latex.

When an allergic reaction occurs, the allergens bind to antibodies that the body makes called immunoglobulin e (IgE). Antibodies fight foreign and potentially harmful substances in the body.

As soon as the allergen binds to IgE, certain types of cells, including mast cells, release chemicals, among which histamine has a strong effect.

Histamine causes the muscles in the airways and the walls of the blood vessels to tighten. The nasal mucosa produces more mucus to fight the allergen.

Popular Allergy Tests

The two most accurate ways to detect allergies in children and adults:

• Blood test for immunoglobulin – shows the level of IgE antibodies to specific allergens in the immune system.
• Skin testing (allergy testing) – allergens are applied to the skin of the forearm to identify specific risk factors.

Allergy tests are taken for a spectrum of irritants. It takes an average of 20 minutes to assess exposure to allergens, during which the doctor determines the degree of allergy by skin reaction.

The results of the test and blood analysis become the basis for the diagnosis and identification of products and substances hazardous to humans. Based on these studies, the specialist will suggest precautions, give advice on treatment and ways to quickly relieve symptoms in everyday life.

Allergy treatment

Allergy medicine that would permanently get rid of the disease does not exist today. However, with age, the reaction to the stimulus may weaken. Until then, the best way to deal with allergies is to avoid allergens and relieve dangerous symptoms. When this is not possible, medication can help.

Tablets and drops for allergies

The following drugs in the form of drops, tablets or ointments are most often prescribed for allergies:

• Antihistamines: block the action of histamine, which the immune system releases during a reaction.
• Decongestants: These can help relieve nasal congestion.
• Corticosteroids: These are available as tablets, cream, nasal spray, or inhaler. They help reduce inflammation.
• Immunotherapy: May help a person develop long-term tolerance. The person will take gradually increasing doses of the allergen, either as a pill or by injection.
• Adrenaline: Use within minutes of any severe symptoms of anaphylaxis (only as directed by a physician).

First aid for anaphylactic shock

First aid for anaphylaxis includes the following steps:

1. 1) try to calm the person and call an ambulance;
2. 2) the person may vomit, so turn him on his side and keep his mouth clean;
3. 3) make sure the person’s clothing is loose or remove constricting clothing;
4. 4) do not give anything to drink or eat, even if the person asks;
5. 5) If the person is not breathing, give artificial respiration (approximately 100 chest compressions every minute) until emergency services arrive.

Allergy Prevention and Allergy Home Remedies

People with allergies can find relief using natural herbal extracts and products that act as antihistamines.

The following are the best natural antihistamines:

• Essential Oils: A blend of Cedarwood Oil, German Chamomile, Siberian Fir and Tea Tree Oil soothes inflammation caused by allergies.
• Vitamin C: strengthens the immune system, acts as a natural antihistamine;
• Pineapple: bromelain in pineapple has anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects;
• Probiotics: improve the intestinal microflora, helping the body cope with food allergies;
• Quercetin is an antioxidant flavonoid found in many plants and foods that has antihistamine properties.

Precautions

Those at risk of an allergic reaction should take precautions to avoid exposure to allergens.

Also, if you experience occasional allergy attacks:

• Carry antihistamines and decongestants with you.
• Tell friends, family, co-workers and others about allergies and how to use your allergy products.

Seek allergy testing to find out which substances to avoid.

types, symptoms, causes and treatment

Contents

• 1 Allergic reactions: causes, symptoms and treatment
  • 1.1 Allergic reactions: Definition and symptoms
    • 1.1.1 Definition
    • 1 .1.2 Symptoms
  • 1.2 Substances that can cause allergies
  • 1.3 Food allergies
    • 1.3.1 What is a food allergy?
    • 1.3.2 Which foods can cause allergic reactions?
    • 1.3.3 Food allergy symptoms
    • 1.3.4 Diagnosis and treatment of food allergy
  • 1.4 House dust and plant pollen allergy
  • 1.5 Animal and insect allergy 9011 0
  • 1.5.1 Animals
  • 1.5.2 Insects
  • 1.5.3 How to prevent allergic reactions
• 1.6 Diagnosis of allergic reactions
  • 1.6. 1 Anamnesis (medical history)
  • tests
  • 1.6.3 Immunological tests
  • 1.6.4 Trial appointments
• 1.7 Treatment and prevention of allergic reactions
  • 1.7.1 Treatment
  • 1.7.2 Prevention
• 1.8 Allergic reactions: Can an allergy go away on its own?
• 1.9 Complications of allergic reactions
• 1.10 Living with allergies: how to make your life easier
• 1.11 Related videos:
• 1.12 Q&A:
  • • 1.12.0.1 What are allergic reactions and how do they manifest themselves?
    • 1.12.0.2 Can allergies be cured?
    • 1.12.0.3 How to recognize an allergy?
    • 1.12.0.4 Can an allergy lead to anaphylactic shock?
    • 1.12.0.5 What are the causes of allergic reactions?
    • 1.12.0.6 How to treat allergic reactions?

An article about manifestations of allergic reactions on the skin, respiratory and food systems, about possible causes and methods of treatment. A detailed overview of the main symptoms and consequences of poor treatment, a story about how to detect allergies in a timely manner and what precautions should be taken. Provides advice on prevention and advice on choosing antihistamines.

Allergies are a problem that affects many people around the world. It’s more than just a runny nose or cough. Allergic reactions can lead to serious consequences, including anaphylactic shock, which can be life-threatening. Although allergies are not treated, they can be controlled; and by doing this, the frequency and severity of reactions can be reduced.

The lives of all people with their individual history are markedly different from the lives of other people, so there is no single answer to the question of what is an allergy. As a rule, this is the reaction of the immune system to substances that, under normal conditions, should not cause such a reaction in the body. The body experiences an allergic reaction as if it were fighting an invading microorganism.

In this article we will look at the theoretical basis of allergic reactions, their symptoms and causes. We will also discuss how you can reduce the chance of an allergic reaction and what to do if a reaction does occur.

Allergic Reactions: Definition and Symptoms

Definition

An allergic reaction is the response of the immune system to exposure to a specific substance (allergen), which can be either natural or synthetic in origin. The body reacts to the allergen by producing antibodies that cause chemical reactions, causing characteristic symptoms and pathological changes.

Symptoms

• Skin reaction: skin itching, redness, rash, swelling. These conditions can appear anywhere on the body, including the face, ears, neck, limbs, and the body as a whole.
• Respiratory disorders: respiratory distress, cough, shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, which can lead to a sudden drop in pressure and loss of consciousness if the reaction is not stopped.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, which can greatly impair digestion and lead to dehydration.
• Eye and nasal symptoms: lacrimation, conjunctivitis, nasal congestion, sinusitis, which may lead to decreased vision and respiratory function.

If you experience these symptoms in yourself or someone else, it is important that you contact a healthcare provider to find out the cause and get the help you need, as some reactions can be deadly.

Allergic substances

Allergy is an immune system reaction to a substance. It can be any substance, even something that does not cause any reaction in other people.

Pollen is one of the most common allergens. People who suffer from pollen allergies react to seasonal flowers and plants.

Food is another of the most common allergens. Many people are allergic to gluten, milk, eggs, seafood, and nuts.

Medicines – may also cause an allergic reaction. Commonly used medications such as aspirin and antibiotics can cause a strong immune system response.

1. Pets – pet hair, mucus and skin may cause allergies.
2. Mushrooms – many people react to fungal spores.

It is important to understand that a person may be allergic to something that is not on this list. If you have signs of an allergy, see your doctor for testing and treatment.

Food allergy

What is a food allergy?

A food allergy is an immune system reaction caused by a food that does not usually cause a reaction in most people. In a food allergy, the immune system misidentifies certain proteins in food as dangerous and begins to fight them. This can cause a variety of symptoms including skin rash, indigestion, angioedema, and anaphylaxis.

Which foods can cause allergic reactions?

Any food can cause an allergic reaction, but the most common allergies are milk, eggs, nuts, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish.

Food Allergy Symptoms

Food allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe and may appear within minutes or hours after ingestion. Symptoms may include skin rash, itching, swelling of the lips, swelling of the tongue and throat, gastrointestinal disturbances, breathing difficulties, and anaphylaxis. If you are experiencing any symptoms of a food allergy, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of food allergies

Your doctor may use skin tests, blood immunoassays, and exclusive diets to diagnose food allergies. Treatment for food allergies may include avoiding foods that cause allergies, taking antihistamines, and taking epinephrine for anaphylaxis. If you have a food allergy, including healthy and safe food alternatives in your diet can help reduce the risk of symptoms.

Allergy to house dust and plant pollen

Allergy to house dust and plant pollen is one of the most common allergic reactions. House dust contains various allergens such as animal hair, mites, mold and other substances. Pollen, in turn, can cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to specific types of plants.

Treatment of house dust and pollen allergy includes identifying and avoiding exposure to the allergen, using antihistamines and desensitizers, and immunotherapy. To reduce the amount of house dust in the house, it is necessary to regularly clean, use special filters for air conditioners and air purifiers.

• Fun Fact: Some plant species such as clove, chamomile and echinacea can be used as a natural remedy to relieve the symptoms of plant pollen allergy.

If you suspect an allergy to house dust or plant pollen, see an allergist who can help you get tested and diagnosed. It is necessary to take measures to prevent allergic reactions in order to avoid unpleasant consequences and make life easier.

Animal and insect allergies

Animals

Animal allergies can occur in people who come into contact with animals such as cats, dogs, hamsters and others. It can manifest itself in the form of a runny nose, cough, itching and other symptoms.

When allergic to animals, the human body reacts to proteins that are contained in the saliva, urine, skin of animals and are released into the air along with wool or feathers.

Insects

Allergy to insects can occur with the bites of mosquitoes, bees, wasps, ants, as well as the use of their metabolic products – gland products of ants and wasps.

An allergic reaction to an insect sting can manifest as urticaria, edema, angioedema, and in severe cases can lead to anaphylactic shock.

How to prevent allergic reactions

• Avoid contact with animals that may cause an allergic reaction;
• Wear insect repellent and mosquito repellent;
• Avoid insect bites;
• Keep your home hygienic and clean it regularly;
• Eat healthy foods that contain enough vitamins and minerals to help boost your immune system.

Diagnosis of allergic reactions

Anamnesis (medical history)

The first step in diagnosing an allergic reaction is taking an anamnesis. The doctor asks the patient questions to find out when the reaction occurred, what product or substance, whether there was a possible concomitant disease, whether the patient was in contact with the allergen before, whether there were other concomitant symptoms and how quickly they passed after the allergen was discontinued.

Allergic skin tests

Skin tests are performed to identify the allergen in order to establish an official diagnosis and prevent a second allergic reaction. There are various types of skin tests, including the patch test, the bulge test, and the intradermal test. The tests are usually done on the forearm or back and can be done in one session.

Immunological tests

Immunological tests are performed to detect antibodies that form in response to allergens. An example of an immunological test is ELISA (enzymatic immunoassay). There are also radioallergosorbent and direct immunofluorescent tests. To determine the level of antibodies, blood is taken from a vein and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Test results may take several days.

Trial prescriptions

If the allergen cannot be accurately identified, the doctor may prescribe trial prescriptions. This method consists in eliminating from the diet foods or substances that are most likely to cause a reaction, and monitoring the patient’s condition. If the trial appointment is effective, the diagnosis of allergy is established.

• Important to remember: Diagnosis is not based solely on the result of one test. The doctor uses the results of several tests and tests, as well as the patient’s history, to make a diagnosis and determine treatment options.

Treatment and prevention of allergic reactions

Treatment

In case of allergic reactions, you should consult an allergist. The doctor will determine what type of allergy has occurred and prescribe the necessary medications. Usually, antihistamines are used to stop the reaction, which relieve swelling and itching.

In case of severe allergic reactions, hormonal preparations and adrenaline are prescribed in the form of injections. Drugs that lower the activity of the immune system may also be prescribed.

Prevention

To prevent allergic reactions, avoid contact with allergens that cause a reaction. If the allergic reaction is caused by foods, they should be excluded from the diet.

Foods causing the most allergic reactions: Product Percentage of cases causing allergies

Allergic reactions: Can an allergy go away on its own?

Allergic reactions are the response of the immune system to contact with an allergen. For most people, allergies do not go away on their own and require treatment. However, there is a small chance that the allergy may go away on its own within a few years.

One way that allergies can go away on their own is by changing the environment. For example, if a person moves to another area where the number of allergens to which he reacts is not high enough, then his allergic symptoms may go away on their own.

Also, allergies can go away on their own after some therapy. Immunotherapy, which is the most effective treatment for allergies, can help a person get rid of allergic reactions. If immunotherapy was carried out on time and successfully, then allergic reactions may disappear after a course of treatment.

• In conclusion, it can be said that allergies can go away on their own, but this is extremely rare. If you suffer from allergic reactions, don’t expect them to go away on their own.

Complications of allergic reactions

Allergic reactions can have many complications, some of which can lead to serious consequences.

The second complication that can occur with an allergic reaction is allergic conjunctivitis. This is an inflammation of the inner lining of the eye caused by an allergic reaction to pollen, dust, house dust, and other allergens. Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis include itching, redness of the eyes, swelling, and watery eyes.

The third major complication that can occur with allergies is asthma, which is often associated with an allergic reaction. Asthmatic reaction occurs as a result of inflammation of the bronchi. This reaction causes difficulty in breathing, a feeling of suffocation. In some cases, asthma can be deadly, so it’s important to take care of your health and take steps to avoid it.

In general, it is becoming clear that allergic reactions can have serious complications that require immediate treatment by specialists in order to prevent possible life-threatening consequences. Those who suffer from an etiology can be selected by allergists and treated appropriately.

Living with allergies: making your life easier

Allergies are serious conditions that can affect your life and health. It can lead to asthma, eczema, and other diseases that can be dangerous. If you have an allergy, you have probably had to deal with the daily challenges it presents.

However, there are many ways to make your life easier with allergies. The first step should be to identify the allergens that are causing your reaction. This could be dust, pollen, pets, food, etc. If you know what you are allergic to, you can take steps to avoid exposure to those substances.

The next step is diet and nutrition. Avoiding foods you are allergic to can greatly improve your health. In addition, increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can help boost your immune system and reduce your risk of allergic reactions.

Another way to make living with allergies easier is to use allergy medications. Allergy medications can help manage allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, cough, and redness of the skin. The choice and use of drugs should be carried out only after consultation with a doctor.

Finally, make sure you keep your house clean. Dust regularly, use air filters, and improve the air quality in your home. This will not only improve your health, but also prevent allergic reactions.

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Q&A:

What are allergic reactions and how do they manifest themselves?

Allergic reactions are an inadequate response of the immune system to a substance that it considers dangerous to the body. They can manifest themselves in various ways: on the skin (urticaria, dermatitis), in the nose and eyes (runny nose, watery eyes), in the lungs (asthma), in the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea), etc.

Can allergies be cured?

Unfortunately, allergies cannot be completely cured. However, with the help of medications and following the recommendations of a doctor, the frequency and severity of allergic reactions can be significantly reduced.

How to recognize an allergy?

An allergic reaction manifests itself in different ways, depending on the type of allergy. Some of the most common allergens include plant pollen, animal dust and skin, foods, and drugs. Therefore, when incomprehensible reactions appear on the skin, respiratory organs, eyes, etc. you need to see an allergist.

Can allergies lead to anaphylactic shock?

Yes, an allergic reaction can lead to anaphylactic shock, a rapidly developing and potentially life-threatening condition. Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include hives, laryngeal edema, difficulty breathing, severe headache, heart rhythm disturbances, and low blood pressure. In case of such symptoms, an ambulance should be called immediately.

What are the causes of allergic reactions?

The causes of allergic reactions can be very diverse.