What are the symptoms of phlebitis. How can phlebitis be treated naturally. What lifestyle changes can help prevent phlebitis. Which essential oils are beneficial for managing phlebitis symptoms. How does compression therapy aid in phlebitis treatment. What dietary modifications can support vein health and reduce inflammation.

Understanding Phlebitis: Causes, Types, and Symptoms

Phlebitis, a condition characterized by inflamed or swollen veins, can range from mild discomfort to potentially life-threatening complications. To effectively manage this condition, it’s crucial to understand its various forms and underlying causes.

Types of Phlebitis

• Superficial phlebitis: Affects veins near the skin’s surface
• Deep phlebitis: Involves deeper, larger veins, typically in the legs or arms
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Combines vein inflammation with a blood clot near the skin’s surface
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis: The most serious form, involving a blood clot in a deep vein

The primary cause of phlebitis is injury or irritation to a blood vessel’s lining. This can result from various factors, including vein injuries, infections, blood clots, or medical procedures involving needles or IVs.

Recognizing Phlebitis Symptoms

Identifying phlebitis early is crucial for effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

• A long, thin red area along the skin
• Warm, hard, or tender skin
• Rope-like lumps under the skin
• Itchy or swollen skin
• Throbbing or burning sensations
• Low-grade fever

Is phlebitis always accompanied by visible symptoms? While most cases present noticeable signs, some individuals may experience subtle symptoms that develop gradually. It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect phlebitis, even if symptoms seem mild.

Natural Remedies to Alleviate Phlebitis Symptoms

While medical treatment is often necessary for phlebitis, several natural remedies can complement conventional approaches and help alleviate symptoms.

1. Herbal Supplements for Vein Health

Certain herbs have been traditionally used to support vein health and reduce inflammation. These include:

• Horse chestnut: May improve circulation and reduce swelling
• Butcher’s broom: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties
• Ginkgo biloba: Can enhance blood flow and reduce clotting risk

How effective are herbal supplements in managing phlebitis? While research is ongoing, many individuals report symptom improvement with consistent use. However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting any herbal regimen, especially if you’re taking other medications.

2. Essential Oils for Soothing Relief

Certain essential oils possess anti-inflammatory and circulation-boosting properties that may benefit those with phlebitis:

• Cypress oil: Promotes blood circulation
• Lavender oil: Offers anti-inflammatory and calming effects
• Helichrysum oil: Known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties

To use essential oils safely, dilute them with a carrier oil and apply topically to the affected area. Always perform a patch test first to ensure you don’t have any adverse reactions.

Lifestyle Modifications to Support Phlebitis Recovery

Adopting certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact phlebitis management and prevention.

3. Regular Exercise and Movement

Engaging in regular physical activity can improve circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots. Beneficial exercises include:

• Walking
• Swimming
• Cycling
• Yoga

How much exercise is recommended for individuals with phlebitis? While the ideal amount varies per individual, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting a new exercise regimen.

4. Compression Therapy

Wearing compression stockings or bandages can help improve blood flow and reduce swelling associated with phlebitis. These garments work by applying gentle pressure to the legs, promoting better circulation.

Are all compression garments equally effective for phlebitis? The level of compression needed varies depending on the severity of your condition. A healthcare professional can recommend the appropriate compression level and type of garment for your specific needs.

Dietary Approaches to Managing Phlebitis

Nutrition plays a crucial role in vein health and can significantly impact phlebitis symptoms and recovery.

5. Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet can help reduce overall inflammation in the body, potentially alleviating phlebitis symptoms. Key components of this diet include:

• Omega-3 rich foods: Fatty fish, flaxseeds, chia seeds
• Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables: Berries, leafy greens, bell peppers
• Whole grains: Quinoa, brown rice, oats
• Lean proteins: Chicken, turkey, legumes

What foods should be avoided when managing phlebitis? Limit or avoid processed foods, refined sugars, and excessive salt, as these can contribute to inflammation and fluid retention.

Hydration and Its Impact on Vein Health

Proper hydration is essential for maintaining healthy blood flow and reducing the risk of blood clots. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water daily, and consider incorporating hydrating foods into your diet, such as watermelon, cucumbers, and zucchini.

Can certain beverages worsen phlebitis symptoms? While staying hydrated is crucial, it’s best to limit or avoid alcohol and caffeine, as these can contribute to dehydration and potentially exacerbate symptoms.

The Role of Stress Management in Phlebitis Recovery

Chronic stress can negatively impact overall health and potentially worsen inflammatory conditions like phlebitis. Implementing stress-reduction techniques can support your recovery and overall well-being.

Effective Stress Management Techniques

• Meditation and mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Progressive muscle relaxation
• Engaging in hobbies or creative activities
• Spending time in nature

How does stress reduction benefit phlebitis recovery? Managing stress can help reduce inflammation in the body, improve circulation, and enhance overall immune function, all of which can contribute to faster healing and symptom relief.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Phlebitis

While natural remedies and lifestyle changes can be beneficial for managing phlebitis, it’s crucial to know when professional medical intervention is necessary.

Warning Signs That Require Immediate Medical Attention

• Severe pain or swelling in the affected area
• Redness or warmth spreading rapidly
• Fever above 100.4°F (38°C)
• Shortness of breath or chest pain
• Coughing up blood

Is it safe to rely solely on natural remedies for phlebitis treatment? While natural approaches can complement conventional treatment, they should not replace medical care, especially for more severe cases of phlebitis. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Preventing Phlebitis: Proactive Measures for Vein Health

Taking preventive steps can significantly reduce your risk of developing phlebitis or experiencing recurrent episodes.

Key Prevention Strategies

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Stay active and avoid prolonged periods of sitting or standing
• Elevate your legs when resting
• Wear loose-fitting clothing
• Stay hydrated
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption

Can certain occupations increase the risk of phlebitis? Jobs that require long periods of sitting or standing can indeed increase your risk. If your occupation involves these factors, consider implementing regular breaks for movement and stretching throughout your workday.

The Future of Phlebitis Treatment: Emerging Research and Therapies

As medical science advances, new treatments and approaches for managing phlebitis are continually being explored. Some promising areas of research include:

• Targeted anti-inflammatory medications
• Advanced compression therapy technologies
• Gene therapy for addressing underlying vascular issues
• Personalized treatment plans based on genetic markers

How might future treatments improve outcomes for phlebitis patients? Emerging therapies aim to provide more effective, targeted treatments with fewer side effects, potentially reducing recovery time and improving long-term vein health.

In conclusion, while phlebitis can be a challenging condition, a combination of medical treatment, natural remedies, and lifestyle modifications can significantly improve symptoms and promote overall vein health. By understanding the causes and symptoms of phlebitis, implementing preventive measures, and seeking appropriate care when needed, individuals can effectively manage this condition and reduce its impact on their daily lives. Remember, every case of phlebitis is unique, and it’s essential to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and circumstances.

Phlebitis (5 Natural Ways to Improve Symptoms)

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With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to these studies.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies.

Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

By Katherine Brind’Amour, PhD, MS

August 15, 2018

Phlebitis — a swollen or inflamed vein — is a fairly common condition that can range from mild to deadly, depending on its location and cause. Early treatment is important to help prevent complications. In most cases, phlebitis can be effectively treated with conventional medicine. In addition, many people can take steps to naturally lower their risk of phlebitis and improve their symptoms at home.

What Is Phlebitis?

The simple definition of phlebitis is an inflamed or swollen vein. However, the condition is usually broken into more specific types of inflamed veins. No matter the type, phlebitis should always be evaluated by a health care professional, since people with one kind of the condition may develop more serious forms.

Types of phlebitis include:

• Superficial phlebitis: Phlebitis affecting veins at the surface of the skin. These are usually not serious and get better quickly.
• Deep phlebitis: Phlebitis affecting veins in a deeper, larger vein. This usually happens in the legs but can appear in the arms as well.
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: A blood clot plus vein swelling in a vein near the skin’s surface. This may also be called a superficial blood clot.
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis: A blood clot plus vein swelling in a deep vein, usually in the leg. Deep vein thrombophlebitis is the most serious type of phlebitis. If the blood clot breaks away from its location in the arm or leg and travels to the lungs, it can cause a deadly condition called pulmonary embolism.
  • Note: This is slightly different from deep vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot in a deep vein without swelling or inflammation of the blood vessel lining.

How long does it take to treat phlebitis? How long does phlebitis last?

In cases of superficial inflammation, phlebitis can often be treated at home after a brief evaluation by a physician. Treatment usually takes one to two weeks. (1) However, if you have complications or more serious forms of this condition, recovery may take longer.

Signs and Symptoms

Phlebitis symptoms include: (2, 3)

• A long, thin red area or “streaking” along the skin
• Warm, hard or tender skin
• A section of rope- or cord-like lumps you can feel under the skin
• Redness or irritation that follows a vein
• Itchy or swollen skin
• Throbbing or burning at the site of red or tender skin
• Lumps or a swollen spot on your skin
• Worsening of symptoms when you get out of bed, flex the nearest joints, or have your leg lowered rather than elevated
• Low-grade fever
• Swelling, pain or skin irritation caused by infection

Usually, these symptoms develop slowly.  However, some people may notice that they get these symptoms soon after they had a needle or IV in their arm.

Phlebitis Causes and Risk Factors

The technical cause of phlebitis is injury or irritation to a blood vessel’s lining.

In cases of superficial phlebitis, this irritation can be caused by: (2)

• Injury to the vein
• Infection
• Blood clots
• Use of an IV or an injection of medicine into the vein

In cases of deep phlebitis, the irritation can be caused by: (2)

• Injury from trauma, surgery or injury
• A prior case of deep phlebitis
• Inactivity, especially during travel or bed rest
• Blood clots

Risk factors for phlebitis and thrombophlebitis include: (4, 5)

• Inactivity, travel or bed rest
• Family or personal history of blood clots
• Pregnancy or recent childbirth
• Obesity
• Broken bones or injury to the pelvis, arms or legs
• Recent surgery
• A long-term catheter in a blood vessel
• Cancer or blood disorders
• Lupus and some other autoimmune conditions
• Smoking
• Those taking certain drugs, such as birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy
• Varicose veins

Conventional Treatment

Conventional phlebitis treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen.  It may also involve the following treatments, depending on the cause of your phlebitis: (5, 6, 7)

• Blood-thinning medications such as aspirin, enoxaparin, and/or warfarin may be given to break down blood clots or make it easier for blood to flow through the veins
• Antibiotics may be required for a skin infection
• Warm compresses, leg or arm elevation, and compression stockings may be recommended to ease symptoms such as swelling and pain
• Surgery may be done in severe or chronic cases

If you have a blood clot, you may need to stay at the hospital for a few days. People with superficial phlebitis can usually just have some assessments done (to check for blood clots) and then go home with treatment advice from the physician.

Phlebitis: 5 Natural Ways to Improve Your Symptoms

You should not attempt to self-diagnose phlebitis since it may keep you from getting proper evaluation and treatment for a possible deep blood clot or infection requiring antibiotics. However, once you have been evaluated and diagnosed, there are ways you can improve and manage your phlebitis symptoms at home:

1. Elevate and soothe

You can elevate your affected arm or leg. (5) This should help the swelling go down. Try propping your leg or arm up on a pillow, towel or cushion while you sleep and sit. When possible, prop it up above the level of your heart. (8)

You can also try warm compresses. This involves putting a warm, wet compress on your affected arm or leg. The compress should be large, fairly heavy and hot, wrapped around your limb so that it applies heat and gentle pressure. (7) However, make sure the compress doesn’t burn you or cut off your circulation.

If you do not have something to use as a large compress, you can use a heating pad or a warm, wet washcloth on the area for 10 minutes at a time, several times each day. (8) A warm compress may help relieve pain, reduce inflammation and improve circulation. Research has shown that warm water compresses can reduce phlebitis symptoms effectively. (9)

2. Stay active

People with superficial phlebitis or mild superficial thrombophlebitis are often told to maintain their regular activities. This helps prevent blood clots. You may even be told to increase your activity by taking frequent walks, stretching, taking the steps instead of an elevator, etc. (5)

Avoid standing for long periods or sitting still for more than one hour at a time, even at work or on a plane. When you do sit, keep your legs in motion: (8)

• Flex your feet by raising and lowering your heels with your toes still on the floor.
• Raise and lower your toes with your heels on the floor.
• Tighten and release your calf and thigh muscles while you sit.
• Change your position and stretch frequently.

Most people with phlebitis are encouraged to stay active. However, in rare cases of serious deep blood clots, you may be put on bed rest with a physical therapist to help you exercise your legs and arms safely. (5)

3. Try a compression stocking

A randomized, controlled trial found that people with blood clots who wore compression stockings below the knee were half as likely to have complications or another blood clot in the next five years as people who didn’t wear them. (10) However, this is not a short-term treatment. People in this study wore the stockings for two years after their first blood clot.

Wearing compression stockings up to the knee or thigh can help with pain relief, blood flow, and stopping swelling. (5) You may be able to buy a compression stocking at a drug store or online. However, your doctor may prefer to order a prescription stocking through your pharmacy.

Note: Do not wear compression stockings at night. (8)

4. Ask about herbs and supplements

Treatment for phlebitis usually involves anti-inflammatory drugs and blood thinners. Many natural herbs and supplements can have these effects as well. However, since these can interact with medication and cause complications with bleeding and more, do not take them without first consulting your physician. (11)

• Natural blood thinners may be useful if your phlebitis is complicated by a blood clot. These may include turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, cassia, cayenne peppers, vitamin E and foods with salicylate (avocados, cherries, berries, chilies). (12)
• Other herbal blood thinners may also benefit some people: (13)
  • Garlic
  • White clove
  • Licorice
  • Feverfew
  • Danshen (a Chinese herb)
  • Ginseng
  • Ginkgo biloba
• Chinese herbal preparations that may work as blood thinners include: (13)
  • Kangen Karyu
  • Bak Foon Pill or Bai Feng Wan
• Remedies to reduce inflammation could potentially ease phlebitis-related irritation in the blood vessels. Herbs and supplements with known anti-inflammatory properties include: (11)
  • Fish oil
  • White willow bark
  • Curcumin (turmeric)
  • Green tea
  • Maritime pine bark (pycnogenol)
  • Frankincense
  • Resveratrol
  • Cat’s claw
  • Capsaicin (chili pepper)
• A randomized controlled study found that B vitamins and folic acid may help reduce blood clotting by lowering levels of homocysteine in the blood. (14) Supplement doses in this study of people with venous thrombosis were 0.5 to 5 milligrams folic acid, 0.4 milligrams vitamin B12 and 50 milligrams vitamin B6.
• Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) is a plant root used in traditional medicine to treat poor blood circulation, leg swelling, itching, varicose veins and other health problems. The plant may also have anti-inflammatory effects and may be effective for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. (15) However, chemicals in this root may cause blood vessels to narrow, so do not take this without first consulting your physician.
• Horse chestnut (also called buckeyes or Aesculus hippocastanum) is used in extract form to help improve circulation for people with chronic venous insufficiency, itching and swelling. There is some research supporting its effectiveness in these related conditions. (16)
• Wild pansy is a component in some traditional remedies for phlebitis. (17) However, there is no high-quality research supporting its use or safety for phlebitis.
• A traditional Chinese medicine pill made of four different herbs, called Hulisan tablets, has also historically been used to treat phlebitis. (18) Although lab studies show the herbs have medicinal potency, there have been no studies confirming their effectiveness for phlebitis.

5. Follow a diet that supports blood vessel health

Phlebitis is irritation of the vein’s lining. Although a supportive diet may not make an immediate difference in your symptoms, over time it may help your blood vessels stay healthy and strong. When paired with other ways to prevent phlebitis and blood clots, such as exercise, a supportive diet can help you lower your risk for future problems. According to Today’s Dietitian and the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines for lifestyle management, a diet that supports blood vessel health includes: (19)

• Plenty of fiber: High-fiber foods include whole grains, fruits and veggies, legumes, nuts and seeds.
• Fruits and vegetables: Choose fruits and veggies that are high in fiber and antioxidants, which also lower inflammation, blood pressure and clotting. Good choices include avocados, Asian pears, berries, coconut, figs, artichokes, peas, okra, acorn squash, Brussels sprouts, turnips, black beans, chickpeas, lima beans, split peas, lentils, nuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds and quinoa.
• Whole grains: Good choices include oats, rye, barley, brown or wild rice, bulgur, buckwheat, quinoa and more.
• Unsaturated fats: These include omega-3 fatty acids and can be found in fish, flaxseeds, wheat germ, walnuts, avocados and vegetable oils.
• Poultry
• Fish
• Nuts
• Little red meat, added sugars, sodium and saturated or trans fats

Precautions

• Many natural therapies interact with common medicines prescribed to treat phlebitis or blood clots, such as warfarin. (20) Always tell your doctor about your use of herbs and supplements and your diet, especially if you use a blood thinner such as warfarin.
• Do not attempt to self-treat phlebitis until you have been assessed by a health care professional. You and your physician should create your plan for phlebitis management together.
• Phlebitis and blood clots can come back. Prevention of future phlebitis and blood clots may be possible. Stay active and keep your legs moving, wear loose clothing, stay hydrated and follow your doctor’s instructions for reducing your risk.

Final Thoughts

• Phlebitis is irritation or inflammation of a vein.
• In most cases, superficial phlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis can be treated quickly and easily.
• In the case of deep phlebitis or deep thrombophlebitis, you may need a hospital stay and your doctor may recommend prescription medications.
• Blood clots with phlebitis can be very serious and even life-threatening. Do not attempt to self-diagnose or self-treat phlebitis. Always let your physician know if you suspect you have this condition or if you plan to take herbs or supplements to treat your symptoms.

Five natural approaches to help manage some phlebitis symptoms and mild cases at home after diagnosis and evaluation:

1. Elevate and soothe
2. Stay active
3. Try a compression stocking
4. Ask about herbs and supplements
5. Follow a diet that supports blood vessel health

What is Phlebitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Phlebitis Overview
• Phlebitis Causes
• Phlebitis Symptoms
• When to Seek Medical Care
• Exams and Tests
• Phlebitis Treatment Self-Care at Home
• Medical Treatment
• Next Steps Outlook
• Multimedia
• Synonyms and Keywords
• More

Phlebitis (fle-BYE-tis) means inflammation of a vein. Thrombophlebitis is due to one or more blood clots in a vein that cause inflammation. Thrombophlebitis usually occurs in leg veins, but it may occur in an arm or other parts of the body. The thrombus in the vein causes pain and irritation and may block blood flow in the veins. Phlebitis can occur in both the surface (superficial) or deep veins.

• Superficial phlebitis affects veins on the skin surface. The condition is rarely serious and, with proper care, usually resolves rapidly. Sometimes people with superficial phlebitis also get deep vein thrombophlebitis, so a medical evaluation is necessary.
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis affects the larger blood vessels, usually deep in the legs. Large blood clots can form, which may break off and travel to the lungs. This is a serious condition called pulmonary embolism.

Superficial phlebitis can be a complication due to a medical or surgical procedure. 

Injury to a vein increases the risk of forming a blood clot. Sometimes clots occur without an injury. Some risk factors for thrombophlebitis include the following:

• Prolonged inactivity – Staying in bed or sitting for many hours, as in a car or on an airplane, creating stagnant or slow flow of blood from the legs in a dependent position (This pooling of blood in the legs leads to thrombus formation. )
• Sedentary lifestyle – Not getting any exercise
• Obesity
• Smoking cigarettes
• Certain medical conditions, such as cancer or blood disorders, that increase the clotting potential of the blood
• Injury to your arms or legs
• Hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills
• Pregnancy
• Varicose veins

Superficial phlebitis

There is usually a slow onset of a tender red area along the superficial veins on the skin. A long, thin red area may be seen as the inflammation follows a superficial vein. This area may feel hard, warm, and tender. The skin around the vein may be itchy and swollen. The area may begin to throb or burn.

Symptoms may be worse when the leg is lowered, especially when first getting out of bed in the morning. A low-grade fever may occur. Sometimes phlebitis may occur where a peripheral intravenous line was started. The surrounding area may be sore and tender along the vein.

If an infection is present, symptoms may include redness, fever, pain, swelling, or breakdown of the skin.

Deep vein phlebitis

This can be similar in presentation to superficial phlebitis, but some people may have no symptoms.

One may have pain and swelling throughout the entire limb. For example, the lower leg may swell for no apparent reason. Some people also get fever from a superimposed bacterial infection and skin discoloration or ulcers if the condition becomes chronic and was inadequately treated earlier.

Call your health care provider if you have signs and symptoms of swelling, pain, and inflamed superficial veins on the arms or legs. If you are not better in a week or two or if it gets any worse, get reevaluated to make sure you don’t have a more serious condition.

Deep vein thrombophlebitis requires immediate medical care. If you have any of these signs and symptoms, go to a hospital emergency department for evaluation:

• High fever with any symptoms in an arm or leg
• Lumps in a leg
• Severe pain and swelling in an arm or leg
• New, unexplained shortness of breath, which could be the first tip-off that a blood clot has already traveled to your lung; call 911if you are having trouble breathing.

Your health care provider will examine you and ask questions about your symptoms.

D-dimer is a blood test that measures a substance that is released as a blood clot dissolves. If this blood test is negative, and you have no risk factors, then it is unlikely that you have a blood clot.

Ultrasound can detect clots or blockage of blood flow, especially in larger, more proximal (upper leg) veins. A small hand-held instrument (probe) is pressed against your skin to help identify blood clots and where the obstruction is. This is a painless, noninvasive test.

Occasionally a venogram is needed to identify blood clots in the smaller, more distal veins. This is an invasive procedure that requires injecting X-ray dye or contrast material into a vein on the foot, then an X-ray is taken of the flow of the dye up the leg.

An anti-inflammatory drug, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, can help lessen the pain and inflammation of superficial phlebitis. But check with your doctor first.

If you increase your walking, you increase blood flow. This helps prevent blood clots from developing.

Prescription leg compression stockings (knee or thigh high) improve your blood flow and may help to relieve your pain and swelling.

Avoid bed rest for prolonged periods. It can make your symptoms worse.

If you have deep vein thrombophlebitis, you may need to stay in the hospital for a few days for diagnosis and treatment to ensure that no complications occur.

If your evaluation shows superficial phlebitis and you are otherwise healthy, you can likely go home. You will need to use compression stockings and probably anti-inflammatory medications to control your symptoms. Additional management involves elevation of the arm/leg and application of warm compresses. Only a few cases require antibiotics.

If you have a history of deep vein thrombophlebitis, or if the phlebitis might possibly spread to the deep veins, you will need to take a blood thinner (anticoagulant). The duration of anticoagulant treatment is usually between 3-6 months or 3-12 months if this is the first time you’ve had DVT.

If you have signs of infection, you will need to take an antibiotic.

If the superficial phlebitis has progressed to involve the deep veins, then it is a serious condition that may even require hospital admission for treatment and further evaluation.

Phlebitis in the superficial veins is rarely serious and usually responds to pain control, elevation, and warm compresses for 1-2 weeks.

Media file 1: Superficial and deep vein systems in the leg.

phlebitis, blood clot in the arm, blood clot in the leg, deep venous thrombophlebitis, thrombophlebitis, superficial vein thrombophlebitis, superficial phlebitis, thrombus, inflammation of a vein, deep vein thrombophlebitis

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What is phlebitis

Phlebitis is an inflammation of the venous wall, which in most cases is a complication of varicose veins. Most often, phlebitis affects the superficial veins of the lower extremities, and inflammation can provoke the formation of blood clots that “stick” damage to the venous walls, and this is already fraught with the formation of blood clots.

Causes of phlebitis

Most often, phlebitis (especially phlebitis of the lower extremities) occurs as a consequence and complication of varicose veins. Also, inflammation of the venous wall can cause injury. For example, post-injection phlebitis occurs due to damage or irritation of the vein by the injection solution, and allergic phlebitis develops due to an allergy to the drug or catheter material. Often phlebitis occurs as a complication after a chemical burn of a vein (for example, after injections or improper administration of a drug).

Sometimes phlebologists artificially cause phlebitis to treat varicose veins. During sclerotherapy, a substance is injected into a vein that causes aseptic phlebitis, which leads to venous walls sticking together.

Symptoms of phlebitis

The symptoms of phlebitis depend on whether the disease is acute or chronic. The most common manifestations of the disease are:

• pain and a feeling of tension, fullness in the area of ​​the affected veins;
• redness and induration of the skin in the affected area;
• the appearance of red stripes along the inflamed veins;
• local increase in skin temperature;
• general weakness and malaise;
• fever ¹ .

In the chronic form of phlebitis, the symptoms are not so pronounced, but there is a high probability of phlebitis flowing into thrombophlebitis.

How to treat phlebitis

Phlebologist deals with the treatment of phlebitis. It is important to seek advice from a specialist as soon as you begin to experience pain and other unpleasant symptoms or notice signs of varicose veins. The specialist will select a treatment regimen and drugs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of phlebitis begins with an anamnesis of the disease. The doctor examines the patient and carefully listens to all complaints, paying attention to when pain, swelling, heaviness in the legs appeared. Also, a specialist can prescribe ultrasound duplex scanning of the veins of the lower extremities, MRI and CT of the lower extremities ^1.2 . If necessary, laboratory blood tests are prescribed, as well as consultation with a therapist or cardiologist.

Modern treatments

In the treatment of phlebitis, the patient is primarily shown bed rest, and the affected limb should be in an elevated position.

Your doctor may prescribe certain drugs to treat phlebitis, usually anticoagulants that reduce blood viscosity and prevent blood clots from forming. Anti-inflammatory drugs for internal and external use are also recommended. Ointments are prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and heparin in the composition of ^{1. 2} .

Many patients are indicated to take phlebotonics – drugs that improve the condition of the veins, increase their strength and elasticity. Doctors almost always recommend the use of elastic bandages and compression stockings ¹ .

If the inflammation has spread to the deep veins, thrombus formation has begun, then the issue of surgical intervention may be decided. For example, for the treatment of migrating phlebitis, an emergency operation is performed – a crossectomy, in which the affected areas of the vein are bandaged or removed. In a planned manner, the issue of phlebectomy, the removal of a modified vein, can be resolved.

Prevention of phlebitis at home

Prevention of phlebitis, like many other diseases of blood vessels and veins, includes a few simple but important rules.

• You need to balance your daily routine and diet.
• Do not neglect sports, gymnastics, move as much as possible, walk on foot, for example, after work it is better to walk a couple of stops on foot than to take a bus or taxi.
• Since excess weight, passion for spicy, fatty foods seriously affects the state of blood vessels and veins, refuse or minimize the intake of junk food, replacing it with fresh vegetables, herbs and fruits.
• It is also necessary to give up bad habits and strengthen the immune system.
• If you have varicose veins, then you need to undergo regular preventive examinations by a phlebologist, and if pain and discomfort appear, do not let the disease take its course, but immediately contact a specialist.

Popular questions and answers

Denis Ibragimov, a phlebologist and vascular surgeon, answers popular questions about phlebitis and its treatment.

What complications can phlebitis lead to?

— Phlebitis is a rather serious and insidious disease that can lead to multiple unpleasant consequences. For example, an acute form of phlebitis, if treatment is not started on time, can turn into a chronic form, when not only superficial, but also deep veins will be affected, and if the formation of blood clots – blood clots begins, then phlebitis can turn into thrombophlebitis. Also, if the disease is left to chance, sclerotic changes and even septic embolism may occur in the venous walls.

Is it possible to treat phlebitis with folk remedies?

– In general, the treatment of phlebitis should be done by a phlebologist, and self-medication with the help of traditional medicine can be dangerous. To alleviate the symptoms, you can make a compress from buckwheat groats ground into flour or with decoctions of healing injuries. When you go to bed, make sure that your legs are in an elevated position, you can, for example, put a pillow. Well, try to keep calm until the pain and swelling subside.

What are the prerequisites for the appearance of phlebitis?

– As already mentioned, phlebitis is most often a complication of varicose veins, and, in turn, pregnant women, overweight people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, without proper physical activity are most prone to it. With long-term stress, heavy stress and injuries, the walls of the veins can also become inflamed.

Sources:

1. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis. Clinical recommendations. 2021. http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1083_kr21I80I82MZ.pdf
2. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of superficial vessels. Bitsadze V.O., Bredikhin R.A., Bulatov V.L., Golovina V.I., Dzhenina O.V., Zolotukhin I.A., Ilyukhin E.A., Kalinin R.E., Katorkin S. .E., Kirienko A.I., Krylov A.Yu., Lobastov K.V., Makatsaria A.D., Mzhavanadze N.D., Porembskaya O.Ya., Pryadko S.I., Seliverstov E.I. ., Sonkin I.N., Soroka V.V., Stoyko Yu.M., Suchkov I.A., Schastlivtsev I.V., Cherkashin M.A. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of superficial vessels. Phlebology. 2021;15(3):211-244. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/flebologiya/2021/3/1199769762021031211

Phlebitis and its treatment

Contents

Phlebitis is a pathology that involves inflammation of the walls of venous vessels. Depending on the condition of the patient, it can be both chronic and acute. In the latter case, a person experiences debilitating pain in specific areas, he has chills, he feels “broken”. But chronic phlebitis involves an asymptomatic course of the disease, which cannot be said at moments of exacerbation. Phlebitis often affects the veins of the extremities. However, other parts of the body can “suffer” – the stomach, the brain, and so on. The causes of phlebitis may be the most unexpected, but the main ones are heredity, an increased concentration of platelets, and a constant sitting position. Overweight and infections can also provoke the development of phlebitis.

General symptoms of phlebitis of the veins are manifested in a feeling of tension and pain in the area of ​​the “damaged” vein. The affected location is covered with red stripes, and the skin acquires a characteristic bluish tint.

Treatment of phlebitis with drugs

Unstarted phlebitis is amenable to conservative treatment – for this, several narrowly targeted drugs are prescribed at once. NSAIDs, antihistamines, blood thinners are used. In addition, with vein phlebitis, analgesics, vein strengthening agents, and antibacterial drugs are effective. Special ointments are applied to the affected areas of the skin.

When the acute inflammatory process is completed by taking medication, we prescribe to patients the use of special underwear (compression stockings, elastic bandages). They allow you to fix the veins compressed, preventing their expansion and stretching of the walls, eliminate the risk of blood stasis.

Treatment of phlebitis with folk remedies

Vein phlebitis should be treated by a specialist doctor – phlebologist. However, at home, you can alleviate the course of the disease. For such purposes, you can make a compress from buckwheat groats ground into flour or based on a decoction of medicinal herbs. Another point – going to bed, “throw back” your legs on a roller or on a pillow, and let them be at rest. This will relieve pain and swelling.

There is another folk method that involves the use of arnica oil . This is an anti-inflammatory herb that improves blood circulation. Mix arnica oil with one tablespoon of vinegar. Spread the prepared mixture on the affected area, and leave for five or ten minutes, and then rinse with water.

Post-injection phlebitis

A complication arising from drug therapy using an intravenous catheter is called post-injection phlebitis. This pathology is treated through the use of ointment and alcohol compresses. Physiotherapy is also effective in the treatment of this disease. Our phlebological center is ready to help patients suffering from post-injection phlebitis.

To recognize this pathology, it is enough to “listen” to your body. At the time of the introduction of the drug with a needle, the patient feels a piercing pain covering the entire vein. For these reasons, a person cannot fully move; he does not make sudden movements, so as not to feel discomfort. It is important to treat this pathology so that more serious consequences do not occur, such as thrombophlebitis.

Our specialists fight this disease by relieving inflammation and improving the quality of blood flow. Anticoagulants, absorbable and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, compresses are “involved”.

Phlebitis or not phlebitis?

When venous phlebitis the vascular wall becomes inflamed, and blood clots do not form. People very often confuse the diagnosis of “phlebitis” with “thrombophlebitis”. The latter implies thrombosis and inflammation of the vascular veins, and is a more severe form of phlebitis. Untreated phlebitis can “develop” into thrombophlebitis. Then, on the “wave” of inflammation of the vascular wall of the vein, blood clots form in the lumen of the vessels. The danger lies in the fact that they can come off completely or partially, and the blood will “carry” them to the pulmonary arteries and clog them.

Thrombotic masses can be of different diameters, they completely or partially block the lumen of the vein. In order to understand what kind of pathology torments you and start treatment, you first need to make an appointment with a qualified doctor. If phlebitis is treated with medication, then thrombophlebitis requires surgery. We use instrumental research methods: ultrasonic angioscanning, ultrasonic duplex scanning of the veins of the lower extremities with a color image of blood flow. Thanks to them, we can clarify the localization and volume of the thrombus, assess the state of the venous wall and the degree of “opening” of the vein. In addition, we will do a blood test and evaluate the level of viscosity.

In our phlebological center you will be provided with high-quality assistance in removing a blood clot. The type of surgical intervention is chosen on the basis of tests and a thorough examination of the patient.

We will not allow the progression of thrombosis to the deep veins, we will ensure the rapid elimination of inflammatory processes, and we will prevent precedent cases.

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