How can you alleviate indigestion pain naturally at home. What are the most effective herbal remedies for dyspepsia. Which common kitchen ingredients can provide quick relief from stomach discomfort. How do peppermint, ginger, and apple cider vinegar help with digestive issues. What precautions should you take when using natural treatments for indigestion.

Understanding Indigestion: Causes, Symptoms, and When to Seek Medical Attention

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common digestive issue that can cause discomfort and pain in the upper abdomen. While it’s not a disease itself, it’s often a symptom of other gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers, gastritis, or acid reflux. Indigestion typically occurs after eating, especially when consuming large meals or certain trigger foods.

Common symptoms of indigestion include:

• Uncomfortable fullness after eating
• Pain or burning sensation in the upper stomach
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Belching

Can indigestion be a sign of a more serious condition. While occasional indigestion is usually not a cause for concern, frequent or severe symptoms may indicate an underlying health issue. It’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent indigestion, especially if accompanied by additional symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, difficulty swallowing, or blood in the stool.

Peppermint: A Cooling Relief for Stomach Discomfort

Peppermint is a popular natural remedy for various digestive issues, including indigestion. Its antispasmodic properties can help relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, providing quick relief from stomach discomfort.

How can you use peppermint to alleviate indigestion. There are several ways to incorporate peppermint into your digestion-soothing routine:

1. Drink a cup of peppermint tea after meals
2. Suck on sugar-free peppermint candies
3. Use peppermint essential oil (diluted) for aromatherapy

Is peppermint suitable for everyone with indigestion. While peppermint can be beneficial for many, it’s important to note that it may not be appropriate for those with acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Peppermint can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, potentially worsening symptoms in these conditions.

Chamomile Tea: A Soothing Brew for Digestive Comfort

Chamomile tea has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments, including digestive issues. This gentle herb possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce stomach acid, making it an excellent choice for those suffering from indigestion.

How to prepare chamomile tea for indigestion relief:

1. Steep one or two chamomile tea bags in boiling water for 10 minutes
2. Remove the tea bags and pour the tea into a cup
3. Add honey if desired for taste
4. Drink the tea as needed to alleviate indigestion symptoms

Are there any precautions to consider when using chamomile tea. While generally safe, chamomile may interact with certain medications, particularly blood thinners. The herb contains compounds that can act as anticoagulants, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding when combined with such medications. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating new herbal remedies into your routine, especially if you’re taking prescription medications.

Apple Cider Vinegar: Balancing Stomach Acid for Digestive Health

Apple cider vinegar has gained popularity as a natural remedy for various health concerns, including indigestion. While research results have been mixed, some people find relief from digestive discomfort by using this tangy liquid.

How does apple cider vinegar help with indigestion. The theory behind its effectiveness lies in its ability to increase the production of stomach acid. Surprisingly, insufficient stomach acid can sometimes lead to indigestion symptoms. By promoting acid production, apple cider vinegar may help improve digestion and alleviate discomfort.

To use apple cider vinegar for indigestion:

• Mix 1-2 teaspoons of raw, unpasteurized apple cider vinegar in a cup of water
• Drink the mixture before meals or when experiencing indigestion

Are there any risks associated with consuming apple cider vinegar. While generally safe when diluted and consumed in moderation, excessive intake of apple cider vinegar can lead to side effects such as tooth enamel erosion, throat irritation, and potential interactions with certain medications. It’s essential to always dilute the vinegar and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any underlying health conditions or concerns.

Ginger: A Versatile Root for Digestive Relief

Ginger has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various digestive issues, including indigestion. This powerful root contains compounds that can help reduce inflammation and soothe the digestive tract.

How can ginger be used to alleviate indigestion. There are several ways to incorporate ginger into your diet for digestive relief:

1. Drink ginger tea (steep fresh ginger slices in hot water)
2. Chew on crystallized ginger
3. Add fresh ginger to smoothies or juices
4. Take ginger supplements (consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate dosage)

What makes ginger effective for indigestion. Ginger contains active compounds like gingerols and shogaols, which have anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. These compounds can help reduce nausea, bloating, and stomach discomfort associated with indigestion.

Is there a recommended daily limit for ginger consumption. While ginger is generally safe for most people, it’s advisable to limit intake to 3-4 grams per day. Consuming excessive amounts of ginger may lead to side effects such as heartburn, gas, or throat irritation.

Fennel: An Ancient Herb for Modern Digestive Woes

Fennel is an aromatic herb that has been used for centuries to aid digestion and relieve gastrointestinal discomfort. Its antispasmodic properties can help soothe the digestive tract and alleviate symptoms of indigestion.

How can fennel be used to treat indigestion. There are several ways to incorporate fennel into your digestive health routine:

• Drink fennel tea (steep crushed fennel seeds in hot water)
• Chew on fennel seeds after meals
• Add fresh fennel to salads or cooked dishes

What makes fennel effective for digestive issues. Fennel contains volatile oils that can help relax the smooth muscles in the digestive tract, reducing cramping and bloating. It may also help stimulate the production of gastric juices, aiding in the digestion process.

Are there any precautions to consider when using fennel. While generally safe for most people, fennel may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitivities to plants in the carrot family. It’s also important to note that fennel may interact with certain medications, including estrogen-based drugs and blood thinners. As with any herbal remedy, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating fennel into your routine, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Baking Soda: A Quick Fix for Acid-Related Indigestion

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a common household item that can provide quick relief from indigestion, particularly when caused by excess stomach acid. Its alkaline nature helps neutralize stomach acid, potentially alleviating symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.

How to use baking soda for indigestion relief:

1. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda in 4 ounces of warm water
2. Stir until the baking soda is completely dissolved
3. Drink the solution slowly

Is baking soda safe for everyone to use for indigestion. While baking soda is generally safe for occasional use, it’s important to be aware of potential risks and limitations:

• Don’t use this remedy more than once every two hours
• Limit use to no more than seven 1/2 teaspoon doses in a 24-hour period
• Avoid long-term use, as it can disrupt the body’s acid-base balance
• People with certain health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, kidney problems) should consult a doctor before using baking soda for indigestion

Can baking soda interact with medications. Yes, baking soda can interact with certain medications, potentially affecting their absorption or effectiveness. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before using baking soda as a remedy, especially if you’re taking prescription medications.

Lifestyle Changes to Prevent and Manage Indigestion

While natural remedies can provide relief from indigestion, making certain lifestyle changes can help prevent its occurrence and manage symptoms more effectively. By adopting these habits, you may reduce the frequency and severity of indigestion episodes.

What dietary changes can help prevent indigestion. Consider the following adjustments to your eating habits:

• Eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day
• Chew food thoroughly and eat slowly
• Avoid trigger foods (e.g., spicy, fatty, or acidic foods)
• Limit alcohol and caffeine consumption
• Stay hydrated by drinking water between meals

How can stress management techniques help with indigestion. Stress can exacerbate digestive issues, including indigestion. Incorporating stress-reduction techniques into your daily routine may help alleviate symptoms:

1. Practice mindfulness meditation
2. Engage in regular physical exercise
3. Try deep breathing exercises
4. Ensure adequate sleep (7-9 hours per night for adults)

Are there any other lifestyle factors to consider for managing indigestion. Yes, several other factors can contribute to better digestive health:

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid lying down immediately after meals
• Wear loose-fitting clothing to reduce pressure on the abdomen
• Quit smoking, as it can irritate the digestive system

By combining these lifestyle changes with natural remedies, you may find significant improvement in managing and preventing indigestion. However, it’s important to remember that persistent or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying conditions.

Natural Ways to Treat at Home

You can typically manage indigestion with home remedies, including peppermint and ginger. But indigestion that occurs often or with other symptoms may need medical attention.

Your favorite foods can delight your taste buds. But if you eat too fast or consume too much of these foods, you may experience occasional indigestion, also called dyspepsia.

Symptoms of indigestion can include uncomfortable abdominal fullness after eating, or you may have pain or a burning sensation in your upper stomach.

Indigestion isn’t a disease but rather a symptom of other gastrointestinal problems, such as an ulcer, gastritis, or acid reflux.

Many people will have indigestion at some point. Instead of reaching for over-the-counter antacids to calm your stomach, you might want to try controlling symptoms with ingredients and herbs in your kitchen.

Here’s a look at eight home remedies that can provide quick relief for indigestion.

Peppermint is more than a breath freshener. It also has an antispasmodic effect on the body, making it a great choice for relieving stomach problems like nausea and indigestion.

Drink a cup of peppermint tea after meals to quickly soothe your stomach, or keep a few pieces of peppermint in your pocket and suck on the candy after eating.

While peppermint can ease indigestion, you shouldn’t drink or eat peppermint when indigestion is caused by acid reflux.

Because peppermint relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter — the muscle between the stomach and the esophagus — drinking or eating, it can cause stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus and worsen acid reflux. Peppermint tea is not recommended for people with GERD or ulcers.

Chamomile tea is known to help induce sleep and calm anxiety. This herb can also ease gut discomfort and relieve indigestion by reducing stomach acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Chamomile also acts as an anti-inflammatory to stop the pain.

To prepare chamomile tea, place one or two teabags in boiling water for 10 minutes. Pour in a cup and add honey, if desired. Drink the tea as needed to stop indigestion.

Consult a doctor before drinking chamomile tea if you take a blood thinner. Chamomile contains an ingredient that acts as an anticoagulant, so there’s the risk of bleeding when combined with a blood thinner.

The claimed health benefits of apple cider vinegar range from improving the condition of the skin to encouraging weight loss. It may also help to ease indigestion, the research results on this have been mixed.

Since too little stomach acid can trigger indigestion, drink apple cider vinegar to increase your body’s production of stomach acid. Add one to two teaspoons of raw, unpasteurized apple cider vinegar to a cup of water and drink for fast relief. Or stop indigestion before it occurs by drinking the mixture 30 minutes before eating.

Even though apple cider vinegar is safe, drinking it in excess or undiluted can cause side effects such as tooth erosion, nausea, throat burn, and low blood sugar.

Ginger is another natural remedy for indigestion because it can reduce stomach acid. In the same way, too little stomach acid causes indigestion, too much stomach acid has the same effect.

Drink a cup of ginger tea as needed to soothe your stomach and get rid of indigestion. Other options include sucking on ginger candy, drinking ginger ale, or making your own ginger water. Boil one or two pieces of ginger root in four cups of water. Add flavor with lemon or honey before drinking.

Limit your ginger consumption to 3 to 4 grams (g) per day. Consuming too much ginger can cause gas, throat burn, and heartburn.

This antispasmodic herb may also help remedy indigestion after a meal, as well as soothe other gastrointestinal problems like stomach cramping, nausea, and bloating.

However, a lot of the research on fennel and digestion has been done on rats, so more human studies are necessary to verify its effects.

That said, if you want to try it, you can put 1/2 teaspoon of crushed fennel seed in water and allow it to boil for 10 minutes before drinking. Drink fennel tea whenever you experience indigestion. Another option is to chew fennel seeds after meals if certain foods cause indigestion.

Possible side effects of fennel include nausea, vomiting, and sun sensitivity.

Baking soda can quickly neutralize stomach acid and relieve indigestion, bloating, and gas after eating. For this remedy, add 1/2 teaspoon (tsp) of baking soda to 4 ounces (oz) of warm water and drink.

Sodium bicarbonate is generally safe and nontoxic. But drinking large amounts of baking soda can bring on a few unwelcome side effects, such as constipation, diarrhea, irritability, vomiting, and muscle spasms. If you drink a solution containing 1/2 tsp of baking soda for indigestion, don’t repeat for at least two hours.

Adults should have no more than seven 1/2 teaspoons in a 24-hour period and no more than three 1/2 teaspoons if over the age of 60.

The alkaline effect of lemon water also neutralizes stomach acid and improves digestion. Mix a tablespoon of lemon juice in hot or warm water and drink a few minutes before eating.

Along with easing indigestion, lemon water is also an excellent source of vitamin C. However, too much lemon water can wear down tooth enamel and cause increased urination. To protect your teeth, rinse your mouth with water after drinking lemon water.

Research shows that licorice root can calm muscle spasms and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which can both trigger indigestion. Chew licorice root for relief or add licorice root to boiling water and drink the mixture.

Although effective for indigestion, licorice root can cause sodium and potassium imbalances and high blood pressure in large doses. Researchers recommend consuming about 100 milligrams (mg) of glycyrrhizin, which is the primary active compound in licorice root. You can get this amount by consuming 60–70 g of licorice. Other studies recommend 0.015–0.229 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) per body weight a day.

Even though indigestion is a common problem, some bouts shouldn’t be ignored. Frequent indigestion is often a symptom of a chronic digestive problem like acid reflux, gastritis, and even stomach cancer.

Therefore, see a doctor if indigestion continues for more than two weeks or if you experience severe pain or other symptoms such as:

• weight loss
• loss of appetite
• vomiting
• black stools
• trouble swallowing
• fatigue

What can I drink for indigestion?

If you’re having indigestion symptoms, try drinking clear broth, ginger ale or ginger tea, clear broth, or another tea without caffeine. A sports drink can also help you avoid dehydration. by providing you with minerals and electrolytes.

Does drinking water help indigestion?

Drinking water can help dilute the acid in your stomach, which can help reduce symptoms of indigestion.

What are four causes of indigestion?

You can get indigestion from lifestyle factors such as drinking too much alcohol. It can also be triggered by stress. Medical conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also cause it, as well as certain medications.

Learn more about indigestion.

You don’t have to live with frequent indigestion. Stomach discomfort can disrupt your life, but it doesn’t have to. See if these home remedies help but visit a doctor about any worrisome symptoms.

The FDA doesn’t monitor herbs and remedies for quality, so research your brand choices.

The sooner you see a doctor, get a diagnosis, and begin treatment, the sooner you can feel better and enjoy a higher quality of life.

Baking Soda for Acid Reflux: Is it the Answer?

Forms of sodium bicarbonate, including store-bought baking soda, can neutralize stomach acid and temporarily reduce acid reflux symptoms.

Acid reflux is a digestive condition where stomach acid flows from the stomach back into the esophagus (the tract that connects your mouth to your stomach).

This backwash of acid can irritate your esophagus and cause heartburn. Heartburn is the burning feeling that can occur anywhere from the middle of your abdomen to your throat.

Other symptoms of acid reflux can include:

• bad breath
• pain in your chest or upper stomach
• nausea and vomiting
• difficulty or painful swallowing
• sensitive teeth
• problems with breathing
• bad taste in your mouth
• a nagging cough

If the symptoms remain consistent and worsen, then it may have progressed into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This means that the acid reflux happens at least twice a week, interferes with your daily life, and has possibly damaged your esophagus.

If you’ve been diagnosed with GERD, follow your doctor’s instructions for managing your symptoms. If you suspect you have GERD, see your doctor to avoid long-term complications.

Many pharmacies and stores sell over-the-counter (OTC) acid reflux medications like Tums or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). But there’s one inexpensive treatment you may already have at home: baking soda.

Baking soda is a popular method for treating digestive problems like heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomachs, but it can only be used on an occasional basis. Read on to learn about how it works, how to use it, and more.

The key to baking soda’s ability to treat acid reflux lies in its active ingredient: sodium bicarbonate. OTC antacids like Alka-Seltzer contain sodium bicarbonate, which is what makes them work.

Your pancreas naturally produces sodium bicarbonate to protect your intestines. Baking soda is thought to mimic the effects of this process. As an absorbable antacid, sodium bicarbonate quickly neutralizes stomach acid and temporarily relieves symptoms of acid reflux.

Caution: The sudden decrease in stomach acidity can cause acid rebound (increased acid production). Relief may only be temporary, and your symptoms of acid reflux may return even worse than before.

The same type of baking soda you use to bake or to absorb smells from your fridge can neutralize stomach acid. It’s also cheaper in that form, compared to OTC medications.

For people who don’t like the taste of baking soda, there are OTC and prescription tablets. Most of them dissolve easily in water. See the instructions on the box for the recommended dosage.

Some of these other forms include:

• capsules
• tablets
• granules
• solutions

Alka-Seltzer is the most common brand-name OTC medication that contains sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate is also used in some medications with the PPI omeprazole (Zegerid) to make omeprazole more effective, rather than being used for immediate relief of symptoms.

Always ask your doctor for instructions if you’re unsure about the dosage of baking soda you should use for treating acid reflux symptoms. The amount of baking soda recommended is based on age.

Baking soda is meant to provide short-term relief, and isn’t intended as a long-term treatment for acid stomach symptoms.

The recommended dose of sodium bicarbonate powder is:

Age	Dosage (teaspoon)
Children	must be determined by a doctor
Adults and teenagers	1/2 tsp. dissolved in a 4-ounce glass of water, may be repeated in 2 hours

Remember, too much baking soda can cause acid rebound and make your symptoms worse. You’ll also want to make sure the baking soda is completely dissolved in at least 4 ounces of water, and sipped slowly.

Baking soda is intended to be used for immediate relief of heartburn and indigestion, but not for regular use or treatment of GERD. See your doctor if your acid reflux lasts more than 2 weeks. Your doctor may recommend other medications like h3 blockers or PPIs.

Ask your doctor if baking soda is a good alternative treatment for you. They’ll be able to tell you if baking soda will interact with your medications or increase your sodium levels.

See a doctor immediately if you have severe stomach pains after taking your dosage.

Pregnant women and children under the age of 6 should avoid baking soda for acid reflux treatment.

What to avoid

• taking more than 3 1/2 tsp. of baking soda (seven doses) in a day
• taking more than 1 1/2 tsp. of baking soda (three doses) in a day if you’re over 60 years old
• using baking soda if you’ve been diagnosed with GERD
• taking the maximum dosage for more than 2 weeks
• taking the dosage when you’re overly full, to avoid gastric rupture
• drinking baking soda solution too quickly, as it can lead to increased diarrhea and gas
• avoid using baking soda if you’re following a low-sodium diet.

Side effects of baking soda may include:

• gas
• nausea
• diarrhea
• stomach pain

The most common cause of baking soda toxicity is overuse. Long-term and overuse of baking soda can increase your risk for:

• hypokalemia, or potassium blood deficiency
• hypochloremia, or chloride blood deficiency
• hypernatremia, or rise in sodium levels
• worsening kidney disease
• worsening heart failure
• muscle weakness and cramps
• increased stomach acid production

People who drink excessive amounts of alcohol also have a greater risk for serious complications. The sodium in baking soda can increase dehydration and worsen other symptoms.

Seek medical attention right away if you have these symptoms:

• frequent urination
• loss of appetite and/or unexplained weight loss
• breathing difficulties
• swelling in limbs and feet
• bloody or tar-like stools
• blood in the urine
• vomit that looks like coffee grounds

These lifestyle changes have shown to be effective for GERD symptoms:

• avoiding meals that are high in fat for 2 to 3 hours before lying down
• working toward weight loss, if you’re overweight
• sleeping at an angle, with your head raised 6 to 8 inches

While avoiding certain foods seems to help some people with acid reflux, the American College of Gastroenterology updated their 2013 GERD guidelines to not recommend global food elimination.

The updated guidelines no longer recommend eliminating of the following things from your diet:

• alcohol
• chocolate
• wine
• spicy foods
• citrus
• peppermint
• tomato products

Baking soda is a good treatment for immediate relief from occasional acid reflux. The recommended dosage for adults is one 1/2 tsp. dissolved in a 4-ounce glass of water. It’s best to sip this drink slowly to avoid side effects like gas and diarrhea. You can repeat every 2 hours.

But baking soda isn’t recommended as a long-term treatment, especially if you have GERD or need to be on a low-salt diet.

Talk with your doctor if your acid reflux interferes with your daily life or occurs two or more times per week. Your doctor can recommend treatments that may more effectively help your symptoms.

Article resources

• Acid reflux (GER & GERD) in adults. (n.d.). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults
• Al-Abri SA, et al. (2013). Baking soda can settle the stomach but upset the heart: Case files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco. DOI: 10.1007/s13181-013-0300-4
• Katz PO, et al. (2022). ACG Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2022/01000/acg_clinical_guideline_for_the_diagnosis_and.14.aspx
• Katz PO, et al. (2013). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. https://journals.lww.com/ajg/Fulltext/2013/03000/Guidelines_for_the_Diagnosis_and_Management_of.6.aspx
• Smoking and the digestive system. (2013). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Digestive-Diseases/Smoking_Digestive_System_508.pdf
• Sodium bicarbonate. (2020). https://examine.com/supplements/sodium-bicarbonate/

causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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2. About the pain

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March 25, 2021
IBS

Among the various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) stands apart. Scientists around the world are still arguing about the reasons that can cause it. IBS is a non-organic pathology ¹ . Nevertheless, the disease manifests itself and requires proper diagnosis and effective treatment. What you need to know about irritable bowel syndrome and how you can relieve the symptoms of the disease?

What is IBS?

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain that occurs at least once a week and is characterized by two or more of the following: associated with defecation, associated with changes in stool frequency or stool shape. Symptoms must have persisted for the past 3 months for a total duration of at least 6 months ¹ .

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IS A VERY COMMON REASON FOR GOING TO A DOCTOR AND IS DETECTED IN 10-20% OF THE POPULATION ² 1 .

Symptoms

IBS is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. Among the main complaints presented by patients, one can single out ^{1, 3} :

up to 100%

patients

Abdominal pain of spastic or aching nature

up to 100%

patients

Flatulence, change in stool frequency

50%

patients

constipation

25%

patients

Diarrhea and alternating stool disorders

In addition to the main symptoms, the presence of extraintestinal manifestations. It can be dizziness, headache. Psychoneurological symptoms (feeling of anxiety, depression) are less often noted. There may be complaints of chilliness of the extremities, a sensation of a lump in the throat, pain in the back and muscles. Despite the brilliance of the described manifestations, the general condition of patients remains quite satisfactory ³ .

Causes

The pathogenesis (cause) of IBS is still not completely clear. It is believed that the following factors influence the development of the syndrome:

• impaired motor function of the intestine;
• dysregulation along the brain-gut axis;
• psychogenic factors;
• imbalance of intestinal microflora;
• past infections and inflammatory bowel diseases ^1.4-6.13 .

Genetic factors may also play a role in the development of IBS ⁵ .

Methods of treatment

The exact cause of the development of the disease is not yet clear to medicine, so the therapy is aimed at reducing the severity of IBS symptoms. Therapy should be comprehensive and include dietary recommendations, psychotherapeutic and medicinal methods ⁶ .

Diet therapy

All patients with IBS should eat at fixed times and avoid long breaks between meals. It is also recommended to keep a “food diary” to identify foods that lead to an increase in the severity of symptoms of the disease ¹ .

Diet for patients with IBS is prescribed taking into account the predominance of certain disorders of intestinal motility ⁶ . So, with diarrhea, they limit the content of coarse fiber in the diet, exclude the use of fructose, sorbitol, coffee, alcohol and carbonated drinks. With flatulence, it is recommended to avoid taking foods that increase gas formation in the intestines (milk, cabbage, legumes, etc.). IBS patients with constipation may be given a diet high in dietary fiber ⁶ and an increase in the amount of fluid consumed up to 1.5-2 liters per day ¹ was shown.

HOWEVER, BE AWARE THAT SOMETIMES INCLUDING DIETARY FIBERS (SUCH AS BRAN) IN THE DIET MAY INCREASE PAIN AND METEORISM. IN SUCH CASES, PSYLLIUM IS POSSIBLE TO USE: IT PROMOTES WATER RETENTION, THEREFORE INCREASING THE VOLUME OF INTESTINAL CONTENT, AND DOES NOT CAUSE INCREASED GAS ⁶ .

Psychotherapy

Since no one can completely avoid stress, it is recommended to learn how to respond to them in the most gentle way for the psyche. During the appointment, the patient with medical help can work through the most traumatic situations for him and learn to adapt to them, understand what is happening and change his usual manner of responding ³ .

Drug treatment

Drug therapy is prescribed taking into account the predominance of certain clinical symptoms in patients with IBS ⁶ .

Antidepressants

The use of psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy is an important aspect of the treatment of patients with IBS ¹ . However, it is important to remember that this group of drugs belongs to prescription drugs, therefore, they cannot be freely purchased at the pharmacy, and a doctor’s consultation is required to prescribe this group of drugs. The clinical symptoms of IBS are often associated with disorders of the emotional and mental status, which are detected in 40-60% of patients ² . Tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to reduce symptoms ¹ .

If conventional drugs are not effective enough, various psychotherapeutic methods can help and should be used by experienced psychiatrists who know the mechanisms of IBS ¹ .

Laxatives

The following groups of laxatives are used to treat patients with constipation:

• Laxatives that increase stool volume. These drugs increase the volume of intestinal contents, give the feces a soft texture, do not irritate the intestine, and are not absorbed.
• Osmotic laxatives. They help slow down the absorption of water, increase the volume of intestinal contents and restore the natural urge to defecate.
• Laxatives that stimulate intestinal motility. The drugs of this group stimulate the chemoreceptors of the colon mucosa and enhance its peristalsis.

If laxatives do not have the desired effect, enterokinetics may be prescribed ¹ .

Probiotics

A lot of attention is now being paid to the study of normal intestinal microflora and its role in the regulation of internal processes. The mechanisms of its positive effect on the human body have not yet been fully studied. It is believed that representatives of the normal intestinal microflora, attaching to the walls of the intestine, do not allow pathogenic microbes to settle. In addition, the bacteria of our body secrete active substances that slow down the growth of infectious pathogens, stimulate local immunity in the intestines, and participate in the synthesis of certain vitamins and enzymes ⁸ .

If the balance between normal and pathogenic microflora is lost, this can lead to the development of infectious diseases. In IBS, when motor skills are impaired, maintaining a normal microbiota can be especially important. This is where prescribing probiotics ⁸ can help. The most studied probiotics are preparations of bifido- and lactobacilli ¹ .

PROBIOTICS –
THIS IS LIVE
MICROORGANISMS ⁸

Antispasmodics in the treatment of IBS

The leading cause of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome is spasm of intestinal smooth muscle ⁹ . One of the drugs of choice for eliminating spasm of any origin and reducing the intensity of pain are myotropic antispasmodics (for example, drotaverine in the composition of the drug No-shpa® forte ^{9, 14} ). They act on the final stage of the formation of pain and spasm – the smooth muscle cell.

In addition to eliminating spasm, myotropic antispasmodics can help restore normal intestinal transit ⁹ . It is also important that the appointment of antispasmodics does not affect the direct mechanism of pain sensitivity and does not complicate the recognition of acute surgical pathology ¹¹ .

We also note that the use of another class of antispasmodic drugs – neurotropic (for example, fenpiverinium bromide) may cause atropine-like effects (dry eyes, decreased salivation, tachycardia, intestinal atony) ¹⁰ .

No-shpa ^® forte acts selectively on smooth muscle spasm as the main cause of abdominal pain ¹⁶ gently relaxing tense muscles ¹⁴

More details

No-shpa

^® in 901 syndrome 77 irritable bowel

Targeted antispasmodic effect in irritable bowel syndrome intestines have type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitors as myotropic antispasmodics. This enzyme is found in smooth muscle cells and is directly involved in the mechanism of smooth muscle contraction. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors block this enzyme and help relieve spasm, which helps reduce pain. Drugs of this class differ in the selectivity of action, and the frequency of side effects depends on this ^{9, 12, 14} .

No-shpa ^® forte (drotaverine) is a highly selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor used in IBS ¹⁴ . The active component of the drug drotaverine acts mainly on the smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

NO-SHPA ^® FORTE HAS A FAVORABLE SAFETY PROFILE ^{15 013 14} as adjuvant therapy. Duration of admission without consulting a doctor – no more than 2-3 days. Longer intake and dosing regimen should be determined with a doctor ¹⁴ .

Find out more about No-shpa ^® forte

find out

Show sources

MAT-EN-2003418 – 3.0 – 09/2022

1. Ivashkin V.T. Clinical recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Association of Coloproctologists for the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Russian journal of gastroenterology, hepatology, proctology. 2017; 27(5):76-93.
2. Makhov V.M., Balakhonov A.A. and others. Inflammatory factor in the clinical picture and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome. Medical advice. 2018; 14:67-72.
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see also

About pain in the abdomen

Pain in the left side of the abdomen

Abdominal pain

What is drotaverine used for?

About abdominal pain New

Antispasmodics review

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain therapy

PRODUCTS

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that affects 10-20% of the world’s adult population. Women are less fortunate, because they experience IBS 2 times more often than men. This syndrome does not pose a health hazard, but noticeably affects well-being during periods of acute manifestation.

This is not a disease, but a functional disorder of the intestines – there are no pathologies in the structure of the organ, but its function is impaired. According to British doctors, if you look at the colon of an IBS patient under a microscope, it will look completely normal.

IBS is characterized by a group of symptoms that appear simultaneously and affect the large intestine. Pain, a feeling of discomfort in the abdomen, as well as a change in the regularity of emptying are the main signs of irritable bowel syndrome. Today, scientists have established that IBS has both physiological and psychological causes. This disorder is not a product of a person’s imagination.

Depending on the consistency of the stool, doctors classify irritable bowel syndrome into 4 types.

1. IBS with constipation – at least 25% of the time the person has hard stools and loose or watery stools less than 25% of the time.
2. IBS with diarrhea – at least 25% of the time a person has loose or watery stools, and hard stools less than 25% of the time.
3. Mixed SRK – both watery and hard stools – at least 25% of the time.
4. Unclassified IBS both watery and hard stools less than 25% of the time.

The most common manifestations of the disorder are pain, cramps and discomfort in the abdomen. IBS is characterized by 3 key features:

• Pain and discomfort decrease after a bowel movement,
• The frequency of going to the toilet either increases or decreases,
• The appearance of feces changes.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic disorder that affects people for a long time. His symptoms come and go for a while. Some people suffer only from constipation, others only from diarrhea, and for others, periods of constipation and diarrhea alternate. Often the symptoms of IBS appear immediately after eating. In women, symptoms worsen during menstruation.

Other signs of irritable bowel syndrome include:

• Flatulence,
• Feeling of incomplete emptying after going to the toilet,
• Whitish mucus in the stool.

Although IBS causes discomfort and pain, it does not harm the digestive tract or cause other health problems.

What other problems do people with irritable bowel syndrome face?

Often, patients with a functional disorder also suffer from other comorbidities. Among the pathologies associated with the gastrointestinal tract, gastroesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia are noted. Other non-gastrointestinal disorders:

• Chronic fatigue syndrome,
• Chronic pelvic pain,
• Temporomandibular joint pathologies,
• Depression and anxiety,
• Somatoform disorders.

What are the causes of irritable bowel syndrome?

The exact cause of the development of IBS is unknown – experts believe that a complex of problems can lead to this functional disorder.

Impaired communication between the brain and intestines

The signals that the brain exchanges with the nervous tissue of the small and large intestine are responsible for controlling the functioning of the intestines. Disruption of this connection may be the cause of IBS.

Impaired intestinal motility

People with irritable bowel syndrome may have impaired colonic motility. Slow motility leads to constipation, and too fast peristalsis leads to diarrhea. Also, IBS patients experience hyperactivity – a sharp increase in bowel contractions during stress or immediately after eating.

Pain sensitivity

The brain processes the signals that come from the intestines. In patients with IBS, the nerves in the gut may be too sensitive. For this reason, their brain perceives pain signals differently than in healthy people. Due to pain sensitivity during the accumulation of gases or feces, a person experiences great discomfort or pain.

Intestinal infections

Sometimes the cause of IBS is a bacterial infection. Scientists don’t yet know why, but the infection only causes IBS in some people.

Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine

Normally, a small amount of bacteria is present in the small intestine of a healthy person. Excessive growth is an increase in their number or a change in appearance. The bacteria can produce too much gas and cause diarrhea and weight loss. Some experts believe that an overgrowth of bacteria can trigger irritable bowel syndrome.

Neurotransmitters (transmitters of nerve impulses)

In people with IBS, the level of neurotransmitters that are produced in the digestive tract changes. It is not known exactly what role this plays in irritable bowel disease, but the influence of neurotransmitters can be traced.

Heredity

If someone from the immediate family had problems with the gastrointestinal tract, your chances of experiencing irritable bowel syndrome increase.

Food sensitivities

People suffering from IBS notice that certain foods and drinks aggravate their symptoms. The list of these products includes:

• Carbohydrate-rich foods,
• Spicy or fatty foods,
• Coffee and alcohol.

Researchers believe the main problem is poor absorption of carbohydrates. Also, bile acids, which take part in the process of digestion and absorption of fats, can play a role.

Mental health problems

Panic attacks, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder all occur in people with IBS. Experts believe that in patients with IBS, psychological stress manifests itself in the form of physiological symptoms.

An irritated colon can react to even minor stress. In turn, stress makes the brain more receptive to sensations in the gut. In addition, the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome themselves increase stress levels. A kind of vicious circle is formed.

How is irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed?

During the diagnostic process, the doctor carefully analyzes the patient’s medical history. The doctor pays special attention to the following points:0011

• Presence of IBS-specific features,
• Family history of GI disease,
• Recent infections,
• Medications,
• Stressful events that lead to symptoms.

During a physical examination, doctor:

• Checks for large amounts of gas in the intestines,
• Listens to sounds in the abdomen with a stethoscope,
• Presses on the abdomen and asks the patient about sensations.

There is no specific diagnostic procedure for irritable bowel syndrome. The examination is carried out in order to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. The patient can be referred for the following procedures:

• Blood test,
• Fecal test,
• Sigmoidoscopy,
• Colonoscopy.

Doctors often recommend temporary elimination of certain foods from the diet to determine if the patient’s diet is contributing to symptoms.

How to treat irritable bowel?

There are no drugs for the treatment of IBS, but it is possible to significantly alleviate the suffering of a person during the period of the disorder. For this, a complex strategy is used, which includes a special diet, certain drugs and probiotics. To develop an individual approach, make an appointment with the gastroenterologists of the Persomed clinic.

Treatment for irritable bowel syndrome is aimed at relieving symptoms. For this, the patient is prescribed some drugs and supplements, the main of which will be discussed below.

Fiber

For IBS with constipation, treatment should begin with increasing fiber in the diet. If dietary fiber does not help, it can be taken as a supplement.

Laxatives

Doctors sometimes prescribe laxatives for constipation. These funds work in different ways, so in no case should you buy the first laxative that comes across in a pharmacy. It is the doctor who determines which drug is suitable for a particular case.

Loperamide

Often IBS with diarrhea cannot be treated without antidiarrheal drugs. The principle of their work is based on slowing down the speed of movement of feces through the colon. Loperamide is recommended by the National Institute of Diabetes, Gastrointestinal and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). This medication helps people with IBS manage their diarrhea. Against other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, loperamide is powerless.

Antispasmodics

These medicines help control spasms of the muscles in the large intestine and reduce abdominal pain.

Antidepressants

Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors help relieve symptoms, including abdominal pain. Tricyclic antidepressants reduce pain sensitivity in the gastrointestinal tract, and also normalize peristalsis.

Lubiprostone (Amitiza)

This drug is prescribed for IBS patients who suffer from constipation. It helps reduce discomfort and pain in the abdomen.

Linaclotide (Linzess)

Another drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.