What causes rectal bleeding? How can you stop bleeding from the rectum? When should you see a doctor for rectal bleeding? Get answers to these questions and more.

Causes of Rectal Bleeding

Rectal bleeding can have a variety of causes, ranging from common conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious gastrointestinal issues. Some of the most common causes of rectal bleeding include:

1. Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are inflamed anal blood vessels that can cause bleeding during bowel movements or when wiping. Factors that can increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids include pregnancy, chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, straining during bowel movements, frequent heavy lifting, prolonged sitting on the toilet, obesity, and a low-fiber or unbalanced diet. Hemorrhoids can often be treated with over-the-counter creams and suppositories, warm baths, and dietary changes. In severe cases, minor surgery may be required.

2. Fistulas

A fistula is an abnormal opening or pocket that develops between two neighboring organs, such as the anus and rectum or the anus and skin. Fistulas can cause a discharge of white fluid and blood. Doctors may treat fistulas with antibiotics, but surgery is sometimes necessary if they progress.

3. Fissures

Anal fissures are tears in the lining of the anus, colon, or rectum that can cause pain and rectal bleeding, often when passing a hard stool. Warm baths, a high-fiber diet, and stool softeners can help reduce fissure symptoms, but severe cases may require prescription creams or surgery.

Other Causes of Rectal Bleeding

In addition to hemorrhoids, fistulas, and fissures, other potential causes of rectal bleeding include:

4. Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches called diverticula develop in the colon and become infected or inflamed. This can lead to rectal bleeding, usually a moderate flow of blood that lasts for a few seconds. Diverticular bleeding can sometimes result in significant blood loss, so it’s important to seek medical attention.

5. Proctitis and Colitis

Proctitis is the inflammation of the rectum, while colitis is the inflammation of the colon. Conditions like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, infections, medications, radiation or chemotherapy, and reduced blood flow to the colon or rectum can all cause proctitis and colitis, leading to rectal bleeding.

6. Gastroenteritis

Bacterial infections that cause inflammation of the stomach and colon, known as gastroenteritis, can lead to diarrhea containing mucus and blood. Viral gastroenteritis, however, does not typically cause bloody diarrhea.

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Unprotected sexual activity involving the anal area can spread a range of viral and bacterial infections that can cause inflammation and bleeding in the anus and rectum.

When to See a Doctor for Rectal Bleeding

While some minor rectal bleeding, such as a few occasional drops or streaks of blood, is usually not a major concern, it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• Persistent or recurring rectal bleeding
• Bright red blood in the stool, which may indicate bleeding in the lower colon or rectum
• Darker red blood, which may indicate bleeding in the small bowel or upper colon
• Very dark or black-red blood, which may indicate bleeding in the stomach or other organs of the digestive system
• Rectal bleeding accompanied by other symptoms, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or unexplained weight loss

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor, as rectal bleeding can sometimes be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that requires medical treatment.

Treating Rectal Bleeding

The treatment for rectal bleeding depends on the underlying cause. Some common treatments include:

Over-the-Counter Treatments for Hemorrhoids

For hemorrhoids, over-the-counter creams and suppositories containing hydrocortisone can help reduce inflammation and discomfort. Warm baths, a high-fiber diet, and stool softeners can also help manage hemorrhoid symptoms.

Medications for Proctitis and Colitis

For conditions like proctitis and colitis, treatment may involve antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or other medications depending on the underlying cause.

Surgery for Severe Cases

In some cases, more severe conditions like fistulas, severe hemorrhoids, or advanced inflammatory bowel diseases may require surgical treatment.

Preventing Rectal Bleeding

To help prevent rectal bleeding, it’s important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and digestive system. This includes:

• Eating a high-fiber diet
• Staying hydrated and avoiding constipation
• Exercising regularly to maintain a healthy weight
• Practicing good hygiene and safe sexual practices
• Seeking prompt medical attention for any persistent or concerning rectal bleeding or other gastrointestinal symptoms

By understanding the common causes of rectal bleeding and taking steps to maintain a healthy digestive system, you can help reduce your risk of experiencing this often uncomfortable and sometimes concerning symptom.