How does ferrous sulfate work in the body. What are the main uses of ferrous sulfate. What are the most common side effects of taking ferrous sulfate. How should ferrous sulfate be taken for best absorption. What interactions does ferrous sulfate have with other medications. Who should avoid taking ferrous sulfate supplements. How long should ferrous sulfate supplementation typically continue.

What is Ferrous Sulfate and How Does it Work?

Ferrous sulfate is an iron salt commonly used as an iron supplement to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia. As a mineral belonging to the group of iron supplements, ferrous sulfate plays a crucial role in addressing iron deficiencies in the body.

How does ferrous sulfate function in the body? When ingested, the iron component of ferrous sulfate is utilized to boost the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is essential for red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body and gives these cells their characteristic red color. In cases of iron deficiency anemia, the lack of iron impairs hemoglobin production, leading to various health issues.

Is ferrous sulfate the only form of iron supplement available? While ferrous sulfate is a popular choice, other iron salts like ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate are also used. All these iron salts have comparable absorption rates, typically around 10-15%, and similar gastrointestinal side effect profiles.

Key Benefits and Uses of Ferrous Sulfate

Ferrous sulfate offers several advantages as an iron supplement:

• Reversal and prevention of anemia
• Replenishment of iron stores
• Support for dietary iron needs
• Potential off-label use for restless legs syndrome

Why is ferrous sulfate preferred over other iron supplements? Ferrous sulfate is often chosen due to its effectiveness, wide availability, and relatively low cost. It comes in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and liquid preparations, making it suitable for different patient needs.

Are immediate-release preparations better than extended-release ones? For treating iron deficiency anemia, immediate-release preparations are generally preferred. This is because enteric-coated or extended-release formulations tend to be poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Dosage and Administration of Ferrous Sulfate

How should ferrous sulfate be taken for optimal absorption? The typical dosage for iron deficiency is three times daily, taken one hour before or two hours after meals. However, individual dosages may vary based on specific medical needs and should be determined by a healthcare provider.

Can ferrous sulfate tablets be crushed or chewed? It’s important to swallow ferrous sulfate tablets and capsules whole. Crushing, opening, or chewing them can affect their efficacy and potentially increase side effects.

How long should ferrous sulfate supplementation continue? While the optimal duration of iron supplementation is not definitively established, many experts recommend continuing for three months after hemoglobin levels normalize. This extended period helps replenish iron stores in the body.

Special Considerations for Different Age Groups

Are there age-specific recommendations for ferrous sulfate use? Indeed, there are:

• Children under 12: Ferrous sulfate tablets are generally not recommended
• Premature infants: Should avoid until vitamin E stores are replenished
• Adults 18-60: Standard dosing applies if no other medical conditions or medications are present
• Seniors: May be at higher risk of side effects and should consult a healthcare provider

Common Side Effects and Precautions

What are the most frequent side effects of ferrous sulfate? The most common side effects include:

• Abdominal discomfort
• Black or dark stools
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Do higher doses increase the risk of side effects? Yes, the likelihood of experiencing side effects tends to increase with higher dosages of ferrous sulfate.

Are there any serious risks associated with ferrous sulfate? Accidental ingestion of iron supplements, including ferrous sulfate, is a leading cause of deadly poisoning in children under 6 years old. It’s crucial to keep these supplements out of reach of children and contact a poison control center immediately if accidental ingestion occurs.

Precautions for Specific Populations

Who should exercise caution or avoid taking ferrous sulfate? Several groups should consult their healthcare provider before using ferrous sulfate:

• People with a history of ulcers, colitis, or intestinal disease
• Individuals with porphyria, thalassemia, or hemolytic anemia
• Those who consume excessive alcohol
• Pregnant women
• People receiving frequent blood transfusions

Interactions with Other Medications and Supplements

Can ferrous sulfate interact with other medications or supplements? Yes, ferrous sulfate may interact with several substances, including:

• Certain antibiotics
• Antacids
• Supplements containing calcium, phosphorous, or zinc

How can these interactions be managed? To minimize interactions, it’s advisable to space out the administration of ferrous sulfate and other medications or supplements. Always consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist about potential interactions.

Ferrous Sulfate in Pregnancy and Maternal Health

Is ferrous sulfate safe during pregnancy? Iron requirements increase during pregnancy, and untreated iron deficiency can lead to adverse fetal events such as low birth weight, premature delivery, or increased perinatal mortality. However, pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before starting any iron supplementation.

How does ferrous sulfate supplementation benefit maternal health? Adequate iron supplementation during pregnancy can help prevent maternal anemia, reduce the risk of complications during childbirth, and support the developing fetus’s iron needs.

Comparing Ferrous Sulfate to Other Iron Supplements

How does ferrous sulfate compare to other iron supplements in terms of efficacy? While ferrous sulfate is widely used, other iron salts like ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate have similar absorption rates and effectiveness. The choice often depends on individual tolerance and specific medical needs.

Are there any advantages to using ferrous sulfate over other forms? Ferrous sulfate is often preferred due to its low cost, wide availability, and established efficacy. However, some patients may tolerate other forms better if they experience significant gastrointestinal side effects with ferrous sulfate.

Absorption Rates and Bioavailability

What factors affect the absorption of ferrous sulfate? Several factors can influence iron absorption:

• Presence of vitamin C (enhances absorption)
• Calcium-rich foods or supplements (may decrease absorption)
• Certain medications like antacids
• Individual gastrointestinal health

Long-term Use and Monitoring of Ferrous Sulfate Therapy

How should long-term ferrous sulfate therapy be monitored? Regular blood tests to check hemoglobin levels and iron stores are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of iron supplementation. Healthcare providers may adjust dosages based on these results and the patient’s response to treatment.

Are there any risks associated with prolonged use of ferrous sulfate? While iron supplementation is generally safe when used as directed, long-term use should be monitored by a healthcare provider to prevent iron overload, which can be harmful to various organs.

Signs of Effective Treatment

What indicators suggest that ferrous sulfate therapy is working? Positive signs may include:

• Improved energy levels
• Better exercise tolerance
• Reduced paleness
• Improved appetite
• Normalization of hemoglobin levels in blood tests

Alternative Treatments for Iron Deficiency

Are there alternatives to oral ferrous sulfate for treating iron deficiency? Yes, alternatives include:

• Other oral iron formulations (e.g., ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate)
• Intravenous iron preparations for severe cases or those intolerant to oral supplements
• Dietary modifications to increase iron intake
• Treatment of underlying causes of iron deficiency (e.g., addressing chronic blood loss)

When might alternative treatments be considered? Alternative treatments may be explored in cases of severe gastrointestinal side effects, malabsorption issues, or when rapid correction of iron deficiency is necessary.

Practical Tips for Taking Ferrous Sulfate

How can patients maximize the benefits of ferrous sulfate while minimizing side effects? Consider these practical tips:

• Take with vitamin C or orange juice to enhance absorption
• Start with a lower dose and gradually increase to improve tolerance
• Avoid taking with milk, caffeine, or calcium-rich foods
• Consider splitting the daily dose to reduce gastrointestinal side effects
• Stay well-hydrated to help prevent constipation

Can lifestyle changes complement ferrous sulfate supplementation? Absolutely. Incorporating iron-rich foods into the diet, such as lean meats, leafy greens, and legumes, can support overall iron status. Additionally, addressing any underlying causes of iron deficiency, such as heavy menstrual bleeding or gastrointestinal issues, is crucial for long-term management.

Managing Common Side Effects

How can patients manage the common side effects of ferrous sulfate? Here are some strategies:

• For constipation: Increase fiber intake and stay hydrated
• For nausea: Take the supplement with food or consider a lower dose
• For stomach upset: Try taking the supplement at a different time of day
• For tooth staining (with liquid preparations): Use a straw and rinse mouth after taking

Future Developments in Iron Supplementation

What advancements are being made in iron supplementation? Research is ongoing to develop new formulations of iron supplements that may offer improved absorption and reduced side effects. Some areas of focus include:

• Nanoparticle-based iron supplements
• Novel iron compounds with enhanced bioavailability
• Combination products that include iron with other nutrients to support overall health

How might these developments impact the use of ferrous sulfate in the future? While ferrous sulfate remains a staple in iron supplementation, future innovations may provide alternatives that offer better tolerability or efficacy for certain patient populations. However, the long-standing use and proven effectiveness of ferrous sulfate ensure its continued importance in treating iron deficiency.

Personalized Approach to Iron Supplementation

Is there a trend towards more personalized iron supplementation strategies? Indeed, healthcare providers are increasingly considering individual factors such as genetic variations, gut microbiome composition, and overall health status when prescribing iron supplements. This personalized approach aims to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize side effects.

What factors might influence the choice of iron supplement for an individual? Considerations may include:

• Severity of iron deficiency
• Presence of underlying health conditions
• Individual tolerance to different iron formulations
• Lifestyle factors affecting absorption and compliance
• Cost and availability of various iron supplements

Educational Resources and Patient Support

Where can patients find reliable information about ferrous sulfate and iron supplementation? Several reputable sources provide comprehensive information:

• National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
• American Society of Hematology
• World Health Organization guidelines on iron supplementation
• Local healthcare providers and pharmacists

How can patients ensure they’re using ferrous sulfate correctly? Patients should:

• Carefully read and follow the instructions provided with the supplement
• Consult their healthcare provider or pharmacist with any questions or concerns
• Keep a record of their supplementation routine and any side effects experienced
• Attend follow-up appointments for monitoring and adjustments as needed

Support for Special Populations

Are there specific resources for populations with unique iron needs? Yes, several organizations offer targeted information and support:

• Pregnancy: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• Children: American Academy of Pediatrics
• Vegetarians and vegans: Vegetarian Resource Group
• Athletes: International Society of Sports Nutrition

How can healthcare providers better support patients taking ferrous sulfate? Providers can enhance patient care by:

• Providing clear, written instructions on proper use and potential side effects
• Offering regular follow-ups to assess treatment effectiveness and address concerns
• Collaborating with dietitians to provide comprehensive iron management strategies
• Staying informed about the latest research and guidelines on iron supplementation

Ferrous sulfate: 7 things you should know

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Medically reviewed by Carmen Fookes, BPharm. Last updated on July 14, 2022.

1. How it works

• Ferrous sulfate is an iron salt that is commonly used as an iron supplement.
• Iron supplements are used to treat or prevent iron-deficiency anemia. In iron deficiency anemia, a lack of iron reduces the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body as well as giving red blood cells their color.
• Only the iron component of the iron salt is utilized; therefore, iron supplements usually state the amount of the iron salt (for example, ferrous sulfate 325mg) and the equivalent amount of elemental iron (for ferrous sulfate 325mg this equates to 65mg of elemental iron).
• Ferrous sulfate is a mineral and it belongs to the group of medicines known as iron supplements.

2. Upsides

• Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement that may be used to reverse or prevent anemia and replenish iron stores.
• May be used to aid dietary needs.
• May be used off-label to treat restless legs syndrome.
• Although only 10-15% of ferrous sulfate is absorbed, this rate is comparable to that of ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate. All of the iron salts have a similar rate of gastrointestinal side effects.
• Ferrous sulfate is usually inexpensive.
• Available as capsules, tablets, and a liquid.
• Immediate-release preparations are preferred for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia because enteric-coated or extended-release preparations are poorly absorbed.
• Generic ferrous sulfate is available.

3. Downsides

If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include:

• Abdominal discomfort, black or dark stools, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting, are the most common side effects. The risk of side effects increases with higher dosages.
• The optimal duration of iron supplementation is not known; however, most experts recommend continuing iron supplementation for three months after normalization of hemoglobin in order to replenish iron stores.
• Accidental ingestion of iron supplements, such as ferrous sulfate, is a leading cause of deadly poisoning in children younger than 6 years old. Advise all people taking iron supplements to keep them out of reach of children, and if ingested accidentally, to contact a poison control center immediately.
• Few studies have actually been conducted on the safety and efficacy of iron supplements, including ferrous sulfate. However, a select committee on Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substances concluded that there is no reason to suspect iron supplements are a hazard to the public when they are used as they are now used in current practice. Ferrous sulfate is not FDA approved.
• The low absorption rate of ferrous sulfate and other iron salts means that three times daily dosing may be necessary in order to reverse iron deficiency.
• Enteric-coated preparations may not be as well absorbed as well as liquid preparations.
• Iron supplements may not be suitable for people with a history of ulcers, colitis, or intestinal disease. People with porphyria, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia, who excessively drink alcohol, or women who are pregnant should talk to their doctor before taking iron supplements.
• Ferrous sulfate liquid may cause discoloration of teeth.
• Should not be given to people receiving frequent blood transfusions. Avoid in premature infants until vitamin E stores (deficient at birth) are replenished.
• Ferrous sulfate tablets are not recommended for children aged less than twelve.
• May interact with a number of other medications including some antibiotics, antacids, and other supplements, particularly those that contain calcium, phosphorous, or zinc.
• Maternal iron requirements increase during pregnancy and untreated iron deficiency may be associated with adverse fetal events, such as low birth weight, premature delivery, or increased perinatal mortality.

Note: In general, seniors or children, people with certain medical conditions (such as liver or kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, seizures) or people who take other medications are more at risk of developing a wider range of side effects. View complete list of side effects

• Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement that may be used to prevent or treat iron-deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal side effects are common.

5. Tips

• Ferrous sulfate is available as regular, coated, extended-release tablets and capsules and also as an oral liquid. Swallow iron tablets and capsules whole; do not crush, open, or chew.
• The usual dosage of ferrous sulfate for iron deficiency is three times daily, one hour before or two hours after meals. However, your doctor may advise a lower dosage for you if you are older or if you develop significant gastrointestinal side effects. Follow your doctor’s instructions.
• Administering iron with meals impairs absorption by about 50% and it is uncertain whether this resolves any gastrointestinal side effects.
• Some iron products contain tartrazine. If you are allergic to tartrazine, tell your doctor.
• Even though your iron deficiency may resolve within a few weeks, take ferrous sulfate for the recommended duration to ensure your iron stores are replenished.
• Use the dropper provided with ferrous sulfate drops in order to measure the correct dose. Place the drops directly in the mouth or mix with water or fruit juice (do not use milk).
• Taking iron supplements with vitamin C may help improve absorption rates by as much as 48%.
• Iron supplements, including ferrous sulfate, may interact with some medications including some antibiotics, antacids, and other supplements. These medicines need to be separated by several hours to ensure adequate iron absorption. Talk with your pharmacist about how best to space your medicines.
• Ferrous sulfate should be taken in conjunction with dietary changes that ensure your diet contains adequate amounts of iron-rich seafood or vegetables, meat (particularly red meat), and iron-fortified foods.
• Mixing liquid ferrous sulfate with water or fruit juice and then sipping the mixture through a straw may help prevent teeth staining. Baking soda rubbed on the teeth once a week may help limit any staining that does occur.
• Keep iron supplements well out of reach of children as accidental iron overdosage in children is common and can be fatal.
• Do not take iron supplements for longer than 6 months unless your doctor has advised you to do so.
• Do not take any other medications including those bought over the counter without first checking with your doctor or pharmacist that they are compatible with ferrous sulfate because it may prevent other medications from being absorbed by the body.
• Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding, pregnant, or intending to become pregnant because you will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using iron supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

6. Response and effectiveness

• A rise in hemoglobin levels should be expected within three weeks of therapy. An increase in hemoglobin by 1g/dL after one month is considered an adequate response. However, experts recommend therapy continue for at least three months to replenish iron stores.

7. Interactions

Medicines that interact with ferrous sulfate may either decrease its effect, affect how long it works, increase side effects, or have less of an effect when taken with ferrous sulfate. An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications; however, sometimes it does. Speak to your doctor about how drug interactions should be managed.

Common medications that may interact with ferrous sulfate include:

• alpha-lipoic acid
• antacids, such as those that contain aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or sodium bicarbonate
• antibiotics, such as doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline
• bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, risedronate
• cefdinir (may make stools appear red)
• chloramphenicol
• cimetidine
• dimercaprol
• HIV medications, such as bictegravir, dolutegravir, emtricitabine, or tenofovir
• levothyroxine
• other iron-containing substances, such as iron dextran, iron sucrose, and ferric carboxymaltose
• Parkinson’s disease medications, such as levodopa or methyldopa
• penicillamine
• proton pump inhibitors, such as esomeprazole, lansoprazole, or omeprazole
• quinapril
• quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, or ofloxacin
• vitamin E.

Iron supplements may affect the results of some laboratory tests.

Note that this list is not all-inclusive and includes only common medications that may interact with ferrous sulfate. You should refer to the prescribing information for ferrous sulfate for a complete list of interactions.

More about ferrous sulfate

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• Iron Tablets and Capsules
• Ferrous Sulfate Drops
• Ferrous Sulfate Liquid

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Professional resources

• Prescribing Information

Related treatment guides

• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Anemia Associated with Chronic Renal Failure
• Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency
• Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy/Lactation

References

• Ferrous sulfate. Revised 08/2021. Boca Pharmacal, LLC. https://www.drugs.com/pro/ferrous-sulfate-tablets.html

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use ferrous sulfate only for the indication prescribed.

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Iron Supplements: MedlinePlus Drug Information

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Accidental overdose of products containing iron is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under the age of 6. Keep this product out of the reach of children. In case of an accidental overdose, call your doctor or a poison control center immediately.

Iron (ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate) is used to treat or prevent anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells) when the amount of iron taken in from the diet is not enough. Iron is a mineral that is available as a dietary supplement. It works by helping the body to produce red blood cells.

Iron supplements (ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate) come as regular, film-coated, and extended-release (long acting) tablets; capsules, and an oral liquid (drops and elixir) to take by mouth. Iron is usually taken with food or immediately after a meal once daily or as directed by your doctor. Take iron at around the same time(s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take iron exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Iron supplements are available alone and in fixed-combination with vitamins and certain medications. If your doctor has prescribed a medication that contains iron, you should be careful not to take any other supplements or medications that also contain iron.

Swallow the tablets, film-coated tablets, and extended release tablets whole; do not split, chew, or crush them.

Mix the elixir with water or fruit juice to avoid possible teeth staining; do not mix with milk or a wine-based solutions.

Iron drops come with a special dropper for measuring the dose. Ask your pharmacist or doctor to show you how to use it. The drops may be placed directly in the mouth or mixed with water, breastmilk, cereal, formula, or fruit juice. Dispense gently into mouth towards inner cheek; a small amount will remain in the tip. If you are giving iron drops to a child, read the package label carefully to be sure that it is the right product for a child of that age. Do not give iron products that are made for adults to children.

This medication may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Before taking an iron supplement,

• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you have previously had trouble tolerating iron products, including ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in iron preparations. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
• if you are taking certain antibiotics such as doxycycline, minocycline (Dynacin, Minolira, Solodyn, Ximino), and tetracycline, take them 2 hours before or 2 hours after iron supplements.
• tell your doctor if you have a certain type of blood disease such as hemolytic anemia (a condition with an abnormally low number of red blood cells). Your doctor may probably tell you not to take an iron supplement.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. If you become pregnant while taking an iron supplement, call your doctor.

Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Iron supplements may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

• constipation
• stomach pain
• diarrhea
• nausea
• teeth staining

Iron supplements may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.

If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online (http://www. fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088).

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom).

It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily. To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location – one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach. http://www.upandaway.org

Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community. See the FDA’s Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.

In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can’t be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911.

Symptoms of overdose may include the following:

• stomach pain
• vomiting
• diarrhea

• Feosol^®
• Fer-in-Sol^®
• Ferra-TD^®¶
• Hemocyte^®
• PureFe Plus^®
• Slow-Fe^®

• Folvron^® (containing Ferrous Sulfate, Folic Acid)^¶

• Ferrous Fumarate
• Ferrous Gluconate
• Ferrous Sulfate

^¶ This branded product is no longer on the market. Generic alternatives may be available.

Last Revised – 02/15/2022

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Ferrous vitriol for plant protection against diseases, pests and crop fertilization

Ferrous vitriol is the simple name for ferrous sulfate (formula: FeSO4). Due to the price and availability, it has become widespread. A big plus lies in the fact that it does not affect the taste of the fruit, and does not accumulate in them.

In horticulture, it is used as an insecticide (against insects), a fungicide (against fungus) and a root, foliar fertilizer on poor and depleted soils.

The fertilizer has an inorganic origin, and therefore has been known in agricultural technology for more than a hundred years. During this time, the compound has proven useful in agriculture.

It should not be confused with blue vitriol – they have different effects. A similar name was obtained due to the fact that many substances with sulfur were previously called vitriol. Therefore, it is not correct to compare which is better: copper or iron sulfate.

Like any other agricultural chemical, it must be handled with care. Although iron sulfate is a low-toxic compound, it can still be harmful.

What is ferrous sulfate: composition, properties and rules of use

Active ingredients at once 2: iron and sulfur. Firstly, they are detrimental to pests, and secondly, they are necessary for the normal development of all plants. They affect the condition of the green above-ground part and the yield (quantity and quality of fruits).

Iron sulphate is useful for plants for 3 reasons:

1. It helps fight iron deficiency in the soil. The metal that is at the heart of the chemical is easy to digest, which allows you to get a noticeable effect in a few applications.
2. Suitable for the prevention of the destruction of parasitic insects that live under the bark. In such cases, it is applied with a sprayer, added to the whitewash mixture. Experienced gardeners advise using it in spring and autumn, regardless of whether there is a risk of pests in your area.
3. Ferrous sulfate causes shrinkage of plant soft tissues. This makes it suitable for removing moss, lichen and parasitic fungi from the bark, which are difficult to control with other plant protection products. For example, the effect in the removal of scab, powdery mildew, anthracnose has been proven.
   Apply by spray or added to whitewash. Best time to use: in spring before budding or in autumn after leaf fall.

Composition

Ferrous vitriol is an inorganic substance. It consists of sulfur (sulfur, S), oxygen (oxygen, O) and iron (ferum, Fe). The first two form the acid residue SO4, which is an integral part of all sulfates. Hence the other names of ferrous sulfate fertilizer – ferrous sulphate. All the elements that are included are useful for plants. The effect of fertilization is clearly visible if you follow the color of the leaves. So, they become greener and brighter.

Iron sulfate is salt. It exists in the form of small crystals of light green or gray-green color. Like most salts, it is highly soluble in water. This property is very useful, because it allows you to apply the substance with a sprayer.

Unopened iron sulphate can be stored indefinitely. Unlike organic chemicals, it does not spoil. If the package has already been opened, the powder should be poured into another container that closes tightly. Such manipulation is necessary to protect from water and exposure to sunlight. Plastic buckets with a lid are well suited for this (paint, primer are stored in such buckets).

Use of ferrous sulfate

The acidity of the vitriol-based solution is safe for plants, but sufficient to fight microorganisms and other pests. Therefore, they are disinfected after pruning or natural injury to branches or tree trunks.

Ferrous vitriol is mostly used in horticulture, less often in horticulture. There are practically no cases when it was useful for houseplants, which are grown in pots, flowers. Apply it to trees, bushes, grapes. When it hits a young shoot or leaf, it causes gradual drying. Do not apply during flowering, so as not to harm the bees, as this will lead to poor pollination. As a result, the yield from fruit trees and berry bushes falls.

Applications

The two main uses for ferrous sulfate are as a fertilizer and as a pesticide. A solution for foliar fertilizer is made at the rate of 50 g per 10 liters of water. Suitable for feeding both vegetables and garden plants. Also a good effect shows the introduction of organic matter. For example, 100 g of iron sulfate is added to 10 kg of compost.

As a poison, it is suitable for fighting insects, fungi and lichens. There is more concentration. So, for pests, 500 g of iron sulfate is added to 10 liters of water, against lichens and mosses (appear in large quantities on the bark of old trees) – 300 g.

Less common area of ​​use – spring frosts. The fact is that iron sulfate can slow down the appearance of kidneys. If a sharp cooling is predicted after a thaw, a solution of vitriol is used, due to which the trees “wake up” a week later.

Effectiveness

Please note that the positive effect will only be achieved with the correct dosage. To combat various parasites, fertilizers, slow down the development of the kidneys, different concentrations of the substance are used.

Regardless of the area and goal pursued by the gardener, the positive effect of use lasts up to 2 weeks. You also need to be careful when mixing iron sulfate with other active additives. So, calcium significantly impairs its digestibility as a plant. Regularity is important. For example, to control lichen or insects, it is necessary to spray every week for about one month. The manufacturer usually indicates specific concentrations and frequency on the packaging.

Also, iron sulfate cannot be combined with alkaline fertilizers, as they react and neutralize each other.

Precautions

Make sure the dosage is correct before mixing ferrous sulfate. Use gloves and goggles. Salt is easier to dissolve if it is first dissolved in a small amount of liquid. The process will go better if the water is preheated. Then the resulting mixture is poured into water and stirred. Thus, the solution is good, since the active substance is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of water. After that, leave the iron sulfate to stand for 20-30 minutes. The resulting liquid will have a light green to bright emerald color.

Since the acidity of the solution is increased, glass or plastic dishes are used for work. They do not react with vitriol, and iron or other metals quickly begin to rust. For the same reason, wooden or plastic spatulas are used for stirring.

Ferrous vitriol in tillage: advantages

Along with high efficiency, one of the important advantages is low price. So, in Ukraine, 1 kg of iron sulfate can be bought for 10-25 hryvnias. Thus, based on the average price, a large number of plants can be processed cheaply, which is important for farmers who maintain extensive gardens.

The range of applications is not limited to fruit trees. Also, iron sulfate is suitable for fertilizing vegetable crops, less often used by flower growers. It allows you to fight with all the parasites that you may encounter in the temperate climate zone.

But perhaps the biggest advantage of ferrous sulfate is its low toxicity. The substance is inorganic, which means that it easily breaks down in natural conditions. Iron does not accumulate in the fruits of plants, and therefore will not harm the body when eating them.

Ferrous vitriol in tillage: cons

Fertilizer also has disadvantages. They are related to the dosage, the limited period of use and the risks that arise when working with young plants.

Iron sulfate can be diluted in different concentrations. For 10 liters it can be added from 50 g to half a kilogram. The effect that will be obtained in the end will depend on the amount of active substance.

Lowest iron sulfate content when used as fertilizer. If it is necessary to disinfect the damage, then 10 g of vitriol is added to 1 liter of water (the usual ratio is 100 g per 10 liters, but usually there will be a lot of this amount for disinfection). Most of the powder is spent on the destruction of insects – 500 g per 10 liters, and lichens – 300 g per 10 liters. You can buy insecticides that effectively destroy pests at Bizon-Tech.

Rapid liquid oxidation

Another disadvantage of ferrous sulfate is the relatively short period of effectiveness. After application to the bark of the plant, the positive effect will last from 10 to 14 days. This is due to the fact that after dissolving in water, the drug begins to actively react with oxygen, which is one of the constituent substances of the air. As a result, vitriol is transformed (turns into ferric sulfate) and completely loses its beneficial properties.

The frequency of application is related to this factor: in order to achieve the desired effect, the procedure is repeated after 5-7 days.

Risks during treatment in spring

According to the instructions, iron sulphate is used for prevention twice a year: in spring and autumn. This time is chosen to minimize the likelihood of harm, because when it hits the green parts, sulfate causes them to die off.

Be especially careful in spring. After the appearance of the kidneys, the branches cannot be processed with iron sulphate. It is permissible to apply it only to the stiffened parts. The danger to leaves and shoots is due to the fact that the aqueous solution of vitriol has a high acidity. Even in a 2% solution, there is enough acid to cause burns, wilting, and even complete death of a young plant.

Contents up to 1% do no harm, but the positive effect is also practically not noticeable. From this follows the conclusion that it is necessary to breed iron sulfate according to the instructions. Moreover, the ratio in the recipe will differ from the purpose (fertilizer or pest control) and the time of application.

Iron sulfate is one of the most important substances for the gardener in the fight and prevention of fungal diseases and pests. Fertilizer helps to solve the problem of iron deficiency in the soil, allows you to maintain high yields during spring frosts.

When using the substance, the following rules must be observed:

• observe the dosage;
• wear gloves and goggles;
• do not apply to leaves and young shoots.

If these recommendations are followed, ferrous sulfate will be useful as both a fertilizer and a pesticide.

Ferrous vitriol (iron sulfate II). Chemistry for industry. … Producer Russia

651040

Key features
Country of origin	Russia
CAS NO	7782-63-0
Brand	C
TU	24. 1-05766356-072-2010
Chemical formula	FeSO₄ 7H₂O
Shelf life	2 years
Appearance	Grey-green crystals or powder
Weight	40 kg
Art. No.	651040

Technical iron sulphate 7-water (iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous sulfate) is produced in the form of transparent crystals or gray-green powder. Ferrous vitriol is highly soluble in water, the solubility is 26.3 g per 100 ml of water at 20°C. The mass fraction of ferrous sulfate in technical iron sulphate ranges from 47 to 53% for the first and second grades, respectively. It has low toxicity.

Iron sulfate is mainly used in the textile industry for dyeing fibers, in agriculture as a fungicide for treating cultivated plants, and in medicine as a medicine.

Application

In summer cottages and construction

Iron vitriol is used for biocidal treatment of surfaces made of various materials in order to prevent the appearance of molds and lichens. In home gardening and construction, iron sulfate is used to impregnate lumber and finished wooden buildings to get rid of mold, the reagent does not cause corrosion of metal structures, unlike copper sulfate, but has weaker antiseptic properties.

In summer cottages, iron sulphate is used to disinfect cesspools and toilets, treat cellars, and concrete tiles.

In horticulture and horticulture

Iron sulfate is widely used in horticulture as a fertilizer and as a plant pest control . This reagent is less toxic than copper sulphate and is often used to prevent chlorosis, and to combat diseases such as scab, powdery mildew, gray and fruit rot, grape oidium, scab of apple and pear trees, anthracnose, coccomycosis, black cancer, lichens and tree moss.

When whitewashing tree trunks, treating damage, prepare a 1% aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate, then spray the plants with it.

For preventive treatment of plants in the spring, a 5% solution of ferrous sulfate is prepared, which is used to treat branches.

To control lichen and moss use a 0.3% solution.

Ferrous vitriol is used as a source of iron , which is necessary for plant development, this is especially true for iron-poor and acidic soils. Crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, pears, and apple trees suffer greatly from iron deficiency.

Iron sulfate should not be mixed with lime, as this forms water-insoluble compounds that interfere with plant metabolism. Also, the reagent is incompatible with organophosphorus substances and substances that decompose in an alkaline environment.

Safety statements

• The substance is slightly toxic to the skin, but hazardous in contact with eyes and mucous membranes;
• In case of contact with mucous membranes or eyes, rinse with water for at least 10 minutes and seek medical advice if necessary;
• Keep out of the reach of children;

Storage advice

Reagent should only be stored in a tightly closed container. When ferrous sulfate is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, its fungicidal properties are lost. Keep away from prolonged exposure to sunlight. If the storage conditions are observed, the shelf life is not limited.

Physical and chemical indicators

Safety requirements

Hazard class according to the degree of exposure to the human body	3
Hazards
Explosion and fire hazard	Technical iron sulphate is non-flammable and fire- and explosion-proof. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website