What causes cystic acne on the back. How is cystic back acne treated. What are effective management strategies for cystic acne. How does cystic acne impact mental health. What are the long-term implications of untreated cystic acne.

Understanding Cystic Acne: A Deep Dive into Severe Skin Inflammation

Cystic acne represents the most severe form of acne vulgaris, characterized by deep, inflamed, and often painful lesions. When these lesions appear on the back, they can cause significant discomfort and emotional distress. Cystic acne occurs when pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria, leading to infection and inflammation deep within the skin.

Is cystic acne different from regular acne? Indeed, it is. While regular acne typically manifests as surface-level whiteheads, blackheads, or small pimples, cystic acne forms large, pus-filled cysts beneath the skin’s surface. These cysts can be significantly larger, more painful, and more likely to leave permanent scars compared to other forms of acne.

The Root Causes of Cystic Acne on the Back

Understanding the underlying causes of cystic acne is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. While the exact cause remains elusive, several factors contribute to its development:

• Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy
• Genetic predisposition
• Excessive sebum production
• Bacterial overgrowth, especially Propionibacterium acnes
• Inflammation
• Diet and lifestyle factors

Why does cystic acne often appear on the back? The back has a high concentration of sebaceous glands, which produce oil. Combined with the tendency for sweat to accumulate in this area, especially during physical activity, the back becomes a prime location for cystic acne development.

Medical Treatments for Cystic Back Acne: A Comprehensive Approach

Treating cystic acne on the back requires a multifaceted approach, often combining several treatment modalities for optimal results. Medical professionals may recommend:

Oral Medications

• Antibiotics: Tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics to reduce bacteria and inflammation
• Isotretinoin (Accutane): A powerful retinoid for severe cases, used cautiously due to potential side effects
• Spironolactone: An androgen blocker for females to reduce excess oil production
• Birth control pills: Hormonal regulation to help manage acne in females
• Prednisone: A corticosteroid used in severe cases to reduce inflammation

Topical Treatments

• Retinoids: To unclog pores and promote cell turnover
• Salicylic acid: For exfoliation and pore unclogging
• Benzoyl peroxide: To kill bacteria and reduce inflammation
• Azelaic acid: To reduce inflammation and kill bacteria

In-Office Procedures

• Corticosteroid injections: To reduce inflammation in individual cysts
• Drainage and extraction: Professional removal of cyst contents to promote healing

How long does it take to see results from cystic acne treatments? While individual responses vary, most people begin to see improvement within 6-8 weeks of consistent treatment. However, complete resolution may take several months to a year, depending on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment approach.

Lifestyle Modifications and Self-Care Strategies for Managing Cystic Back Acne

In addition to medical treatments, incorporating lifestyle changes and self-care practices can significantly improve cystic back acne:

1. Maintain proper hygiene: Wash your back with warm water and mild soap at least once daily
2. Avoid irritants: Use non-comedogenic, fragrance-free products on your skin and hair
3. Manage sweat: Shower promptly after sweating and wear breathable fabrics
4. Don’t pick or squeeze: Resist the urge to pop cysts, as this can lead to further inflammation and scarring
5. Sun protection: Use water-based, non-comedogenic sunscreen to protect your skin without clogging pores
6. Dietary considerations: While the link between diet and acne is still debated, some individuals find improvement by reducing dairy and high-glycemic foods
7. Stress management: Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga, as stress can exacerbate acne

Can dietary changes alone cure cystic back acne? While diet modification may help some individuals, it’s typically not sufficient as a standalone treatment for severe cystic acne. A comprehensive approach combining medical treatments and lifestyle changes usually yields the best results.

The Psychological Impact of Cystic Back Acne: Addressing Mental Health Concerns

Cystic acne, particularly when present on visible areas like the back, can have profound psychological effects. Many individuals experience:

• Decreased self-esteem and body image issues
• Social anxiety and avoidance of social situations
• Depression and mood disturbances
• Stress, which can further exacerbate acne in a vicious cycle

How can one address the mental health aspects of cystic back acne? Seeking support from a mental health professional can be invaluable. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, support groups, and stress-management techniques can help individuals cope with the emotional toll of cystic acne. Additionally, treating the physical symptoms often leads to improvements in mental well-being.

Long-Term Management and Preventing Recurrence of Cystic Back Acne

Successfully treating cystic back acne is just the first step. Long-term management and prevention of recurrence are equally important:

• Maintenance therapy: Continue using prescribed topical treatments or lower-dose medications as recommended by your dermatologist
• Regular follow-ups: Schedule periodic check-ins with your healthcare provider to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed
• Consistent skincare routine: Maintain a gentle, non-irritating skincare regimen for your back
• Hormonal management: For those with hormone-related flare-ups, ongoing hormonal therapy may be necessary
• Scar treatment: Address any residual scarring with treatments like chemical peels, microneedling, or laser therapy

What is the likelihood of cystic back acne returning after successful treatment? While there’s always a possibility of recurrence, proper maintenance and prompt attention to any new lesions can significantly reduce the risk of severe flare-ups. Staying vigilant and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider are key to long-term management.

Emerging Treatments and Future Directions in Cystic Acne Management

The field of dermatology continues to evolve, offering new hope for those struggling with cystic back acne. Some promising areas of research and emerging treatments include:

• Advanced topical formulations: New delivery systems for more effective penetration of active ingredients
• Targeted antibiotics: Development of antibiotics that specifically target acne-causing bacteria without promoting resistance
• Light and laser therapies: Refinement of existing technologies and development of new light-based treatments
• Microbiome modulation: Treatments aimed at balancing the skin’s microbiome to prevent acne formation
• Personalized medicine: Tailoring treatments based on individual genetic and microbiome profiles

How might these emerging treatments change the landscape of cystic acne management? As research progresses, we may see more targeted, effective, and personalized treatment options with fewer side effects. This could lead to faster resolution of cystic acne and improved quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Navigating the Healthcare System: Finding the Right Treatment for Your Cystic Back Acne

Effectively treating cystic back acne often requires professional medical intervention. Here’s how to navigate the healthcare system to find the right treatment:

1. Start with your primary care physician: They can provide initial assessment and referral to a dermatologist if necessary
2. Consult a dermatologist: Seek out a board-certified dermatologist with experience in treating severe acne
3. Be prepared for your appointment: Document your symptoms, previous treatments, and any triggers you’ve noticed
4. Discuss treatment options: Ask about the pros and cons of different treatments, including potential side effects
5. Consider combination therapy: Many cases of cystic acne respond best to a combination of treatments
6. Follow up regularly: Maintain open communication with your healthcare provider and attend follow-up appointments as scheduled

How do you know if you’re seeing the right specialist for your cystic back acne? A good dermatologist will take the time to thoroughly assess your condition, explain treatment options, and work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan. They should also be willing to adjust the approach if you’re not seeing desired results.

Cystic back acne can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right approach and professional guidance, significant improvement is possible. By combining medical treatments, lifestyle modifications, and attention to mental health, individuals can effectively manage their symptoms and regain confidence in their skin. As research continues to advance, the future holds promise for even more effective and personalized treatment options for those affected by this condition.

Cystic Acne on Back: Causes and Treatment

Cystic Acne on Back: Causes and Treatment

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Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D. O. — By Scott Frothingham — Updated on June 12, 2018

What causes cystic acne on your back?

Acne is a skin condition affecting the oil glands and hair follicles. Oil (sebum), skin cells, and the hair follicle can clog together, plugging a skin pore. Trapped bacteria, such as the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, can then irritate and inflame the plug. This causes swelling. That swelling can lead to:

• Whiteheads. The clogged pores close and bulge out of the skin.
• Blackheads. The clogged pores stay open. The top surface can darken.
• Pimples. The clogged pores have an open wall that seeps its contents under the skin, forming a red bump. The bump’s top is often filled with pus.
• Cysts. The clogged pores form deeper in the skin. They’re bigger and more painful than a pimple.

When the clogged pores become cysts — tender red bumps filled with pus — you have cystic acne. Cystic acne is the most serious form of acne.

Doctors don’t know what exactly causes acne. But they do know:

• Proper skin care can keep outbreaks from getting worse.
• It’s most common in adolescents and young adults.
• Hormonal changes — such as during puberty and menstruation — can lead to an outbreak.

Over-the-counter acne treatments aren’t strong enough to be effective on cystic acne on your back. Your doctor will probably recommend a dermatologist who can suggest treatments. Treatment may include:

• Oral antibiotic. Tetracycline or a macrolide antibiotic can reduce bacteria, swelling, and redness.
• Topical medication. Retinoid, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, or benzoyl peroxide can reduce bacteria and clogged pores. Read more about salicylic acid vs. benzoyl peroxide.
• Isotretinoin (Accutane). This medication can treat redness, swelling, bacteria, clogged pores, and excess oil. However, Accutane is only used in severe cases due to its side effects.
• Spironolactone. This oral tablet can reduce excess oil. Only females can use it.
• Birth control pills. The estrogen and progestin in birth control pills can help treat acne. Females can only use this treatment as well.
• Corticosteroid. Steroid injections into the cyst can reduce its size and pain.
• Drainage. Your doctor can cut into and drain the cyst. This is only performed in a medical office to limit risk of infection.
• Prednisone. In serious cases, low-dose prednisone may be effective.

Check with your doctor about to make sure the following steps are appropriate to include with the treatment for your cystic acne:

• Wash your back with warm water and a mild soap at least once daily.
• Avoid sunlight.
• Use water-based, noncomedogenic sunscreen. It won’t clog your pores.
• Avoid touching your back and picking at or squeezing the cysts.
• Shower after activities that caused you to sweat.

Cystic acne and anxiety

Along with physical discomfort, cystic acne on your back can affect self-image and social relationships, leading to stress. And stress may make acne worse. If you find yourself anxious about your case of cystic back acne, consider talking with a mental health therapist.

Cystic acne requires medical treatment. It may potentially take several years to clear if left untreated. If you have acne on your back that features tender, red lumps deeper under your skin, see your doctor.

Last medically reviewed on June 11, 2018

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Acne. (2016).
  niams.nih.gov/health-topics/acne
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Acne.
  mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20368047
• What can clear severe acne? (n.d.).  
  aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/severe-acne
• Why do I get acne? (2014).
  kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne.html

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Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O. — By Scott Frothingham — Updated on June 12, 2018

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Causes and how to treat it

Cystic acne is a severe form of acne. It can affect almost any part of the body, but it is most common on the face, chest, shoulders, and back.

Treating cystic acne can take time, but medication and good skin care are effective in most cases. A dermatologist can offer support and advice on how to prevent cystic acne from returning.

Continue reading to find out the causes of cystic back acne and how to treat it.

Share on PinterestPeople with cystic acne usually need to consult a dermatologist for treatment advice.

Cystic acne has the same causes as other forms of acne.

The skin contains sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum. When the sebum sticks together with dead skin cells, it can clog pores and attract bacteria.

Cysts form deeper in the skin and tend to be larger than other pimples. They often contain fluid and can be tender or painful. Cysts and the skin around them are usually red and swollen, and these blemishes can cause scarring if a person does not receive treatment.

The face, chest, shoulders, and back tend to contain more sebaceous glands than other parts of the body. As a result, cystic acne is more common in these areas.

Hormonal changes can cause acne outbreaks. Genetics can also play a role in the development of severe acne.

Cystic acne is a more severe form of acne, and not everyone with acne will have this type. However, it is still not clear exactly what causes this specific form of acne.

Click here to learn more about the causes of cystic acne.

Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are unlikely to work on cystic acne. Most people will need to seek advice from a dermatologist, who can prescribe an appropriate medication.

Some medications come in pill form, while others are topical, which means that a person can apply them directly to the skin in the form of a cream or ointment.

The treatment for cystic acne generally takes time. It may take 2–3 months before the skin shows any improvement and up to 6 months before acne clears. Due to this, it is important to keep going with medication as a healthcare professional has prescribed, even if there are no signs that it is working. The effects should become noticeable in time.

A dermatologist will ask about a person’s medical history and evaluate the severity of their acne. Doing this will help them work with a person to decide on the best treatment.

The following table gives a list of common acne medications, noting the usual duration of treatment and some possible side effects. However, as everyone is different, a medical professional will give a person specific advice.

A dermatologist may also prescribe topical skin cream alongside another medication.

It can be difficult to apply creams or ointments to the back, so a person may need to ask someone else to apply the product for them. Alternatively, they can use a lotion applicator with a long handle to reach all areas of the back.

Treating cystic acne can be a slow process, and this can be frustrating. A dermatologist will give advice on how long treatment must continue.

A person should start to see an improvement within 2–3 months, often with lasting results. It is important to complete the course of prescribed treatment, even if acne improves or clears before the end.

A dermatologist may suggest booking follow-up appointments to check progress and adjust treatment as necessary. A person should also keep track of any side effects during their treatment and seek medical advice if necessary.

Practical measures to avoid making acne worse are useful for anyone with acne on the back, including people with cystic acne. These measures include:

• Washing the back: Washing the back with mild soap and lukewarm water can help.
• Showering after exercise: A person should wash after completing strenuous exercise that caused them to sweat.
• Avoiding scrubbing harshly when washing: Avoid abrasive soaps, cleansing granules, astringents, and exfoliating agents.
• Leaving pimples alone: Try to avoid touching the skin where possible. Picking and squeezing is likely to worsen acne.
• Avoiding rubbing the back: Where possible, try not to wear a backpack or clothing that rubs against the skin on the back.
• Shaving with care: Soften the skin with warm water and use safety razors or an electric shaver.
• Minimizing exposure to the sun: Sun exposure can affect skin health and appearance. It is also important to wear oil-free sunscreen.
• Trying to find ways to lessen unnecessary stress: Stress may trigger or prolong acne breakouts.

Once cystic back acne has cleared, a regular skin care routine and use of OTC treatments may help the skin stay healthy and prevent future breakouts.

Click here to learn more about the best home treatments for acne.

Cystic acne is a serious skin condition. This type of acne can be more likely than other forms of acne to leave scars. Delaying treatment, picking at the skin, or popping pimples can all increase the risk of scarring.

Many different treatments are available to address scars. These include:

• laser treatment
• fillers
• chemical peels
• minor surgery

Click here to learn more about the best ways to get rid of acne scars.

Although a person with mild acne can often treat it themselves with OTC products, cystic acne may require specialist treatment and advice.

A dermatologist will be able to grade the severity of a person’s acne and determine what type they have.

The dermatologist can prescribe oral and topical medications. They may also inject a corticosteroid into or incise and drain large cysts if this is necessary to reduce pain or prevent scarring.

Cystic back acne is treatable, but a person will usually require prescription medication and advice from a certified dermatologist.

Although treatment can take time to work, the skin should show signs of improvement within 6 months.

Treating cystic acne early can help prevent scarring. If cystic acne does leave scars, there are treatments available to reduce their appearance.

A good skin care routine can help keep the skin clear once treatment is complete. Gentle cleansing and OTC products should help ensure that cystic acne does not return.

Types of acne and what they mean

Problematic skin and acne are inseparable “friends”. Acne is submissive to all ages, if nature “rewarded” this type of epithelium. Unpleasant defects affect not only the face, but also open areas of the body – the back and décolleté.

Experts say that each type of acne requires special treatment. So, drugs that are effective in the fight against bacterial acne will be powerless in the case of cystic acne. Before choosing a facial treatment, and before starting therapy, it will not be superfluous to get information about what types of acne are, as well as effective methods for eliminating each of them.

Why acne is important to treat

At first glance, acne seems to be a purely skin disease. The classic development scenario is as follows: excessive synthesis of subcutaneous fat, accumulation of keratinized cells – blockage of the sebaceous glands, inflammation of the hair follicle – pimple. In fact, this is an external manifestation of internal problems.

Rashes on the skin serve as the body’s SOS signal. Pimples and their localization are a kind of messenger through which information about malfunctions of the organs is transmitted. A special map-guide “Types of acne and what they mean” has been compiled. This is a kind of projection of the internal organs on the face zones:

• forehead – small intestine;
• eyelids and around the eyes – kidneys;
• temporal region – gallbladder;
• middle third of the face, cheekbones – stomach;
• chin – pelvic organs;
• nose – pancreas;
• lower third of the face, lower jaw – lungs. < < />i>

When acne is found on the face and body, several reasons are considered:

1. Sex hormone imbalance. An increase in the concentration of the male hormone (testosterone) leads to hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands, hyperproduction of sebum. To confirm, an analysis is given for sex hormones, a consultation with a gynecologist is carried out to exclude diseases of the pelvic organs.
2. Diseases of the liver. This “filter” of the body in the course of cleansing the blood of toxins can “clog”. Such a failure is reflected in the skin. It is possible to check your assumptions by donating blood for biochemistry.
3. Digestive problems. Violation of motility and intestinal motility, frequent constipation contribute to intoxication and the appearance of acne. There is a reason to visit a gastroenterologist and take an analysis for dysbacteriosis.
4. Infections. Streptococci and staphylococci cause acne. If pus is present along with serous fluid, bacteriological culture is done and antibiotic treatment is prescribed.
5. Weak immunity. Often ARVI / ARI are accompanied by purulent rashes.
6. Allergy. Spontaneous rash may be the result of an allergic reaction. So that it does not recur in the future, it is necessary to identify the factor that causes hypersensitivity. For this, allergy tests are carried out.

Types of acne and treatments

The word “pimple” is a collective term used by the people to refer to the entire spectrum of dermatological imperfections. In medicine, the following types of acne on the face are distinguished:

Comedo

This is what the future purulent pimple arises from. Hair follicles (pores) become clogged with sebum, dead cells, pollution and/or cosmetics. Further development of the process is possible according to two scenarios, according to which two types are distinguished.

Closed comedones (whiteheads / milia / millet) – resemble dense, white, protruding balls (1-2 mm in diameter), covered with a thin layer of the epidermis. Because of them, the relief becomes bumpy. The content of the pore is localized deeply and is blocked from the external environment. Therefore, the color of the sebum remains yellowish-white, for which they are also called wen.

Characteristic for combination and oily skin types. No pain or itching from them. Inflammation occurs when tissue becomes infected. The result – scars, scars.

Treatment. Various types of peeling are suitable: mechanical, chemical, vacuum, ultrasonic. For care, you should choose sebum-regulating products (masks, gels, creams).

Open comedones (black dots) – unlike whiteheads, they are not covered with a layer of keratinized cells. The pores are open, and the sebaceous plug is exposed to air and oxidized by oxygen. Therefore, the fat darkens, acquiring a black color.

Treatment. First of all, proper care, taking into account the type of skin, regular chemical peels and other exfoliating methods (clay masks, warming masks, gommage, scrubs, rolls and film masks).

Important! All skin care products and decorative cosmetics must be marked “non-comedogenic”.

When an infection enters a comedone, two types of red pimples are formed: papules and pustules.

Papule

This is the name of a full-fledged pimple in the form of a bump, tubercle or ball. These are monochromatic formations, the color of which varies from red to bluish. During palpation, they turn pale, turn white due to squeezing of the vessels, and then acquire their original color. When pressed, severe pain is felt – a sign of inflammation. Inside the papule is pus, the adjacent skin is noticeably swollen. If they form in the upper layers of the skin, they dissolve without a trace. With a deep occurrence, this type of acne leaves behind scars.

Treatment. It will not work and is not worth getting rid of them on your own, since the purulent focus is located deep in the dermis. When squeezed out, the infection can spread to healthy areas, as well as swelling, and even sepsis is possible. The dermatologist will select combined methods: a review of the diet, the rejection of certain types of cosmetics, the correct selection of skin care products. The dermatologist will select topical acne remedies and drying lotions. They should contain components such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid and zinc.

Pustule

Such a pimple arises both by itself and from a papule. Unlike the latter, it resembles a strongly swollen ball, which at the base has a red inflamed border and a head with liquid or white / yellow pus in the center. This is the result of the multiplication of bacteria – streptococci, staphylococci – in the pores. When ripe, the pustules burst. The resulting wound makes the human body vulnerable to the penetration of new bacteria. They cause great discomfort to their owner, as they are painful even at rest. In addition, scars remain in memory of them.

Treatment. With a tendency of the epithelium to form pustules, sebum-regulating creams and serums should be chosen as care products. Pharmaceutical drying and anti-inflammatory agents based on alcohol and salicylic acid are effective for treatment. Iodine also does a good job.

This is the name of a severe and painful form of acne. They look like several papules and pustules connected by fistulous ducts deep in the dermis. The cause of the occurrence is hormonal changes, which is typical for adolescents, but also occurs in adults. In case of extrusion, they spread under the skin and cause extensive inflammation. After healing, keloid scars form.

Treatment. It begins with a consultation with a dermatologist and a hormone test. Sometimes areas of inflammation are injected with cortisone to stop the inflammatory process. Cold compresses help slow down the spread of infection. It is important to keep clean and exfoliate the stratum corneum in a timely manner with a chemical peel. In advanced cases, creams and serums with vitamin A are used. Not always red, may not stand out in color. Palpation revealed a dense knot.

Treatment. Antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs, balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky, zinc and ichthyol ointments are shown.

Types and degrees of acne are interconnected. Here is how this dependence manifests itself:

1st degree. Acne occurs only in a certain area of ​​the face (for example, cheek, forehead, chin, nose). Rash in the form of pimples such as comedones, sometimes – papular and pustular acne.

2nd degree. The affected area is larger than in the previous case. In addition, the body is affected. Types of acne are the same: comedones, papules and pustules.

3rd degree. The number of papules and pustules prevails over comedones. The inflammatory process is “in its prime”, redness and itching are observed. Post-acne marks are visible.

4th degree. However, from the most acute forms of acne. Cysts and nodes predominate, which are fraught with deep atrophic scars. As a result, the skin becomes pitted.

Before starting acne treatment, it is worth understanding what types of acne are present on the face/body. An easy way to solve the problem is to use foundation and concealer. But this is just a disguise. It is necessary to stop the disease in the bud, because behind every inflammation on the skin lies a malfunction in the body. Such a thing cannot be trusted to one’s own hands, simply squeezing inflamed pimples. It is more rational to seek help from a cosmetologist, dermatologist. Cosmetics against acne should also be the next stage of treatment to consolidate the effect.

In the fight against acne, Monomolecule #3 narrows pores, reduces oiliness and inflammation ResedaOdor

Monomolecule #3 narrows pores, reduces oiliness and inflammations ResedaOdor

Daily application of a few drops of cosmetic will help you achieve perfect skin texture. Monomolecule No. 3 consists of 100% active physiological concentrated substance.

Beneficial active effect on the skin relieves:

• excess sebum;
• enlarged pores.

Improves the exfoliation of dead cells. Does not clog skin pores. Prevents the formation of comedones. This is a serum with 100% peptides for the face.

As an alternative to 3 monomolecules, you can take a closer look at the ResedaOdor sebum-regulating booster. Specially designed for skin with enlarged pores and prone to oiliness. Ideal facial treatment for oily and problematic skin, acts as a serum for problematic skin.

Seboregulatory Booster ResedaOdor

The sebum-regulating booster is based on two groups of active ingredients that ensure the correct exfoliation of the stratum corneum. Biocanin A and propolis extract.

Biocanin A regulates the sebaceous glands. Helps tighten pores and even out skin texture by compressing collagen fibers. Accelerates regeneration. Thanks to this component, the tone of the face improves, greasy shine disappears and the number of black dots (comedones) decreases.

Propolis extract has an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. Activates local immunity of the skin

Pimples on the face – causes of occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment

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Acne on the face: the causes of the appearance, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Definition

The sebaceous glands in human skin are located at the base of the hair follicle. They produce sebum, which moisturizes the skin and protects against the negative effects of the environment, bacteria and fungi. Hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands provokes the formation of acne (acne, blackheads). On the face, they are most often localized at the locations of the large sebaceous glands (on the forehead, temples, cheeks, nose and chin).

Varieties of pimples on the face

In its most general form, pimples are one of two types:

Non-inflammatory elements (comedones) – look like small bumps or dots of various colors. Comedones can be open or closed.

• Open comedones appear as hard, superficial-type eruptions, usually gray or black in color, due to the oxidative reaction of their contents with oxygen.
• Closed comedones, subcutaneous pimples (milia) have the appearance of white bumps or dots, similar to small grains of millet. The accumulated sebum has no way out, which leads to painful inflammation. Closed comedones often turn into classic red pimples.

Inflammatory elements immediately catch the eye due to their size. The skin around them becomes thinner and redder, the purulent contents of the pimple are visible through it. When palpated, pain or discomfort usually occurs. There are several types of inflammatory rashes:

• Papules (red pimples) are inflamed comedones without obvious purulent content. They look like small red or pink balls protruding above the surface of the skin, there is no white head. If the papule has formed at the site of an open comedone, then a dark plug can often be seen through the skin.
• Pustules are infected papules or, more simply, pimples with purulent contents and a white head, surrounded by inflamed skin. They appear when, in addition to sebum and bacteria, dead skin cells enter the pores. The shape of the pustules are cone-shaped, flat or spherical. Their color can vary from white to yellow or green.

  Green color means the attachment of a secondary infection, and with self-squeezing, there is a high probability of its penetration into the blood.

• Nodules (nodules) are deep hard subcutaneous papules of bright red, cyanotic or purple color, 1 to 3 cm in size, protruding to the surface of the skin, often accompanied by purulent discharge. After recovery, age spots and scars are left.
• Cystic acne is a sign of damage to the deep layers of the skin, indicating the presence of inflammation with the formation of pus. Cysts located at a short distance from each other tend to merge, forming a whole chain connected by fistulas.

Cystic acne is difficult to treat and always leaves noticeable marks on the skin.

Possible causes of acne on the face

So, acne appears as a result of excessive production of sebum, which clogs the skin pores. If the pore is partially closed and there is air access to it, the formation of acne begins. At first, they look like black dots surrounded by inflamed skin – the so-called blackheads. In a completely clogged pore, like in a container, anaerobic bacteria multiply rapidly ( Propionibacterium acnes or Malassezia ), provoking inflammation and suppuration.

But what makes the sebaceous glands work so actively? It is believed that one of the reasons lies in the high level of androgens (male sex hormones), which stimulate the production of sebum. The development of hyperandrogenism can be facilitated by digestive problems, stress, diseases of the kidneys and adrenal glands, the endocrine and reproductive systems.

It is important to mention that rashes on the face that look like acne can be a symptom and manifestation of other, sometimes very serious dermatological diseases (acneform dermatosis), which are in no way related to the work of the sebaceous glands.

Acne on the face can be a symptom of a number of diseases (impaired function of internal organs, hormonal dysfunction, lack of vitamins, decreased immunity), as well as poor environmental conditions, improper skin care. We list the main diseases, conditions and factors that result in skin rashes.

• Physiological changes in hormonal status: puberty, the second phase of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, lactation, menopause.
• Diseases of the endocrine system: polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, tumors of the endocrine glands.
• Thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis), when dead cells of the epidermis do not exfoliate, but remain on the skin, clogging the sebaceous glands.
• Liver diseases and intoxication caused by them.
• Malnutrition and beriberi:
• The predominance of fast carbohydrates in the diet (fast food, bakery products, fried, fatty foods) provokes an increase in blood glucose levels and a sharp release of insulin, which, in turn, affects the increase in testosterone levels.
• An excess of omega-6 fatty acids can aggravate inflammatory processes in the skin (such phenomena can be observed when eating a large amount of fish and poultry grown on animal feed).
• The abuse of dairy products, sunflower, peanut, soybean oils and margarine often causes hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands.
• Deficiency of zinc, vitamins A and E, Omega-3 fatty acids.

• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, impaired motility and intestinal motility, frequent constipation contribute to intoxication and the appearance of acne.

• Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections provoke the formation of acne.
• Acute respiratory infections are often accompanied by purulent rashes on the skin.
• Genetic differences in hormonal levels, the tendency of the skin to produce excessive amounts of sebum or excessive sensitivity to testosterone are often inherited.
• Stress leads to an increase in the production of the hormone cortisol, which provokes the development of hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and, accordingly, increased production of sebum.
• Incorrectly selected facial skin care products.
• Ultraviolet radiation reduces the local immunity of the skin and increases the risk of comedone formation.
• Spontaneous rash may be the result of an allergic reaction, including after taking certain drugs, for example, immunomodulators, photosensitizers, antiepileptic drugs, barbiturates, anti-tuberculosis drugs, lithium preparations, B vitamins, anabolics.
• Demodex subcutaneous mite ( Demodex folliсulorum and Demodex brevis ) also plays a role in the formation of acne and, if not its direct cause, certainly complicates the treatment.

Which doctors to contact if acne appears on the face

If you have skin rashes, you should contact dermatologists and cosmetologists. However, often treatment requires an integrated approach, which involves the treatment of the disease, the symptom of which is acne. In this case, consultations are needed
gynecologist,
endocrinologist,
gastroenterologist,
allergist, psychoneurologist.

Diagnostics and examinations in case of acne

Pimples and their localization are a kind of messenger that transmits information about disorders in the functioning of organs or systems. Most often, acne occurs in the so-called T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) – here the sebaceous glands are most active, and the pores are enlarged. But often acne is also found on the cheeks, cheekbones (U-zone). This is due to various reasons and the state of the body. A special map-guide “Types of acne and what they mean” has been compiled. So, the middle part of the forehead corresponds to the lower part of the digestive tract, the small intestine and bladder, the area near the auricles – to the kidneys, the eyelids and the area around the eyes – to the liver, the temporal region – to the gallbladder, the middle third of the face, the cheekbones – to the lungs, the chin – to the stomach, the pelvic organs, the nose – the pancreas and heart, and the lower part of the cheeks and the lower jaw – the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Diagnosis begins with a thorough examination of the skin, collecting anamnesis (information about past illnesses, operations, chronic diseases, heredity) and establishing a connection between rashes and lifestyle, nutrition, and habits.

If the nature of the disease is not obvious, laboratory tests are ordered.

• Clinical blood test.

Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, KLA. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
Brief description of the study CBC: general a…

Up to 1 business day

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RUB 810

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General urinalysis (Urine analysis with sediment microscopy)

Method of determination

Determination of physical and chemical parameters is carried out on an automatic analyzer using the “dry chemistry” method.

Hardware microscope…

Up to 1 business day

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410 RUB

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C-reactive protein (CRP, CRP)

C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein, a sensitive indicator of tissue damage during inflammation, necrosis, trauma.
Synonyms: Blood test for CRP; C-jet …

Up to 1 business day

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665 RUB

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH, Luteinizing Hormone, LH)

Synonyms: Glycoprotein gonadotropic hormone; luteotropin; Lutropin. luteinizing hormone; LH; Lutropin; Interstitial cell stimulating hormone; ICSH.

Brief characteristic determined …

Up to 1 business day

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715 RUB

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Synonyms: Blood test for FSH; Follitropin. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone; follitropin; FSH.

Brief description of the analyte Follicle-stimulating hormone

…

Up to 1 business day

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715 RUB

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Testosterone

Testosterone is the main androgenic hormone. The test is used in the diagnosis of disorders of sexual development and hypogonadism in men; cycle disorders, infertility, virili…

Up to 1 business day

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715 RUB

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Female hormonal profile: ovarian dysfunction, menstrual irregularities

Up to 2 working days

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RUB 6,545

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Androgen status assessment

Up to 2 business days

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2 740 RUB

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If the acne is filled with pus, a bacteriological culture is performed to prescribe an antibacterial treatment.

Gram Stain. Bacterioscopic examination of different smears.

Synonyms: Analysis of a Gram-stained smear.

Microscopic (bacterioscopic) examination of Gram-stained smear.

Brief description of the study Microscopic examination of a smear stained …

Up to 3 working days

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RUB 685

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Acne, due to the similarity of external manifestations, is differentiated from rosacea, rosacea-like (perioral) dermatitis, small-nodular sarcoidosis of the face, manifestations of secondary syphilis – papular seborrheic and papulopustular syphilis and other papular dermatosis, drug-induced acne that occurs while taking a number of drugs.

If necessary, perform instrumental studies:

• Ultrasound of the gallbladder;

Ultrasound of the gallbladder

Examination of the gallbladder to diagnose the state of the organ and the presence of pathological changes.

RUB 1,590

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Ultrasound of the liver

Ultrasound scanning of the liver to assess the structure of the organ, to detect changes in the parenchyma (organ tissue) and other pathological changes.

RUB 1,590

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US examination of pelvic organs (uterus, adnexa)

Ultrasound scanning of the organs of the female reproductive system to assess the shape and size, as well as exclude pathology.

RUB 2,590

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Ultrasound of the pleural cavity

Examination of the pleural cavity for the diagnosis of various pathologies of the lungs, including traumatic injuries of the pleura.

RUB 1,890

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Gastroscopy with sedation (during sleep)

Diagnostic examination of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

RUB 8,740

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What to do if pimples appear on the face

Pimples cannot be squeezed out for several reasons:

• when squeezing out, the integrity of the skin is violated, which means that bacteria can penetrate into it;
• squeezing acne provokes the appearance of age spots and scars.

With proper daily care, based on gentle cleansing, regular moisturizing and suppression of inflammation, comedones can be eliminated in 7-10 days. In addition, it is necessary to abandon fatty, sweet foods and flour products.

Acne treatment

Acne treatment algorithm depends on the cause that caused it, so it is always individual and there are no general recommendations. The doctor may prescribe both topical and systemic drugs.
If there are few acne and these are open comedones, then professional cosmetic facial cleaning is often enough.

Closed comedones are much more dangerous because they can combine and form a large subcutaneous cavity, which gradually fills with pus. Attempts to remove them at home usually lead to infection, so it is best to entrust this task to a professional beautician.

To eliminate papules, there are special drying agents. For example, salicylic acid, tea tree oil, green tea.

Modern cosmetology has the ability to help reduce the appearance of acne and to a large extent prevent the appearance of new ones.

• Phototherapy is an effective treatment for acne. Light warms the skin to the required depth, causing the death of bacteria, and cleanses the sebaceous glands.
• Mechanical or ultrasonic cleaning is used to correct black and white dots, comedones in the T-zone.
• Laser therapy eliminates the manifestations of acne without leaving scars and scars. Due to the effect of the laser, the natural fat balance of the skin is normalized, and recovery processes are launched.

Treatment of severe acne is carried out with the help of retinoid preparations, the main active ingredient of which is vitamin A. External retinoids act in the deep layers of the skin, stimulating cells to actively divide. When the rash covers a large area of ​​the skin, oral antibiotics are used as a medicinal method. In especially severe cases, cystic acne formations are removed surgically.

Sources:

1. Acne: the basics of diagnosis and treatment. Consilium Medicum // Dermatology. – 2016. – No. 1. – S. 64-65.
2. Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acne. – Moscow. – 2013.
3. Acne. Clinical guidelines / ed. Kubanova A.A. Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists // – M.: DEKS-Press. – 2010. – 28 p.
4. Akhtyamov S.N., Butov Yu.S. Practical dermatocosmetology // Ed. “Medicine”. – 2003. – 370 p.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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