What are the common side effects of hydroxocobalamin. How is hydroxocobalamin administered. What conditions does hydroxocobalamin treat. When should you seek medical attention after receiving hydroxocobalamin. How can you manage the side effects of hydroxocobalamin.

Understanding Hydroxocobalamin: A Vital Vitamin B12 Supplement

Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that plays a crucial role in treating vitamin B12 deficiency. This essential nutrient is vital for various bodily functions, including the formation of red blood cells, neurological health, and DNA synthesis. While most people obtain sufficient vitamin B12 from their diet, certain conditions can lead to a deficiency, necessitating supplementation.

What is Hydroxocobalamin Used For?

Hydroxocobalamin is primarily used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency, which can occur due to various reasons:

• Pernicious anemia
• Strict vegetarian or vegan diets
• Gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption
• Certain medications interfering with B12 absorption
• Age-related decreased absorption

By addressing these deficiencies, hydroxocobalamin helps prevent or treat conditions such as anemia, neurological complications, and other symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Administration and Dosage of Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin is typically administered as an intramuscular injection. The dosage and frequency of injections depend on the severity of the deficiency and the underlying cause.

How is Hydroxocobalamin Administered?

Hydroxocobalamin is given as an injection into a muscle, usually by a healthcare professional. In some cases, patients may be trained to self-administer the injections at home. The injection site is typically the upper arm or thigh.

Dosage Considerations

The dosage of hydroxocobalamin varies based on individual needs:

• Initial treatment may involve daily or weekly injections
• Maintenance therapy often consists of monthly injections
• Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on the patient’s response and lab results

It’s crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule to ensure optimal results and prevent complications.

Common Side Effects of Hydroxocobalamin

While hydroxocobalamin is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects. Understanding these potential reactions can help patients manage their treatment more effectively.

What are the Most Frequent Side Effects?

Common side effects of hydroxocobalamin include:

• Pain, swelling, or itching at the injection site
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Hot flushes

These side effects are usually mild and transient, often resolving on their own within a few hours or days.

Managing Side Effects of Hydroxocobalamin

While side effects can be uncomfortable, there are several strategies to manage them effectively:

How Can You Alleviate Injection Site Discomfort?

For pain or swelling at the injection site:

• Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling
• Gently massage the area to promote circulation
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers if recommended by your healthcare provider

Coping with Gastrointestinal Side Effects

To manage nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea:

• Stick to simple, bland foods
• Stay hydrated with clear fluids
• Avoid rich or spicy foods that may exacerbate symptoms
• Consider anti-nausea medications if recommended by your doctor

Dealing with Headaches and Dizziness

For headaches or dizziness:

• Rest in a quiet, dark room
• Ensure adequate hydration
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers as directed
• Avoid sudden movements that may trigger dizziness

Serious Side Effects and When to Seek Medical Attention

While rare, hydroxocobalamin can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention.

When Should You Contact a Healthcare Provider?

Seek immediate medical care if you experience:

• Irregular heartbeats or palpitations
• Signs of a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
• Severe or persistent headaches
• Unusual bleeding or bruising
• Severe dizziness or fainting

These symptoms may indicate a more serious reaction to the medication and require prompt evaluation.

Interactions and Precautions with Hydroxocobalamin

Understanding potential interactions and necessary precautions is crucial for safe and effective treatment with hydroxocobalamin.

Are There Any Medications That Interact with Hydroxocobalamin?

Hydroxocobalamin may interact with certain medications, including:

• Metformin (used for diabetes)
• Colchicine (used for gout)
• Chloramphenicol (an antibiotic)
• Proton pump inhibitors (used for acid reflux)

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

Special Precautions and Considerations

Certain groups may need special consideration when using hydroxocobalamin:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use
• Individuals with a history of allergies should be monitored closely
• Patients with certain eye conditions may require additional monitoring
• Those with liver or kidney disease may need dosage adjustments

Long-Term Management and Monitoring of Vitamin B12 Therapy

Effective management of vitamin B12 deficiency often requires ongoing treatment and monitoring.

How Often Should Vitamin B12 Levels Be Checked?

The frequency of monitoring depends on the individual’s condition and response to treatment:

• Initial monitoring may be done monthly
• Once levels stabilize, checks may be performed every 3-6 months
• Annual monitoring is typical for maintenance therapy

Regular blood tests help ensure that vitamin B12 levels remain within the optimal range and allow for timely adjustments to the treatment plan if needed.

Lifestyle Considerations for Optimal B12 Absorption

In addition to hydroxocobalamin injections, certain lifestyle factors can support vitamin B12 absorption and overall health:

• Consuming a balanced diet rich in B12 sources (for those without absorption issues)
• Managing underlying conditions that may affect B12 absorption
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking, as it can interfere with nutrient absorption

By combining medical treatment with healthy lifestyle choices, patients can optimize their vitamin B12 levels and overall well-being.

Alternative Forms of Vitamin B12 Supplementation

While hydroxocobalamin injections are effective, there are other forms of vitamin B12 supplementation available for certain patients.

What Other Forms of Vitamin B12 Are Available?

Alternative forms of vitamin B12 supplementation include:

• Oral tablets or sublingual lozenges
• Nasal sprays
• Transdermal patches
• Fortified foods

The choice of supplementation method depends on the underlying cause of deficiency, absorption capabilities, and individual preferences. Your healthcare provider can help determine the most suitable form for your needs.

Comparing Effectiveness of Different B12 Forms

Each form of vitamin B12 supplementation has its pros and cons:

• Injections provide rapid and reliable absorption
• Oral supplements are convenient but may not be suitable for those with absorption issues
• Nasal sprays offer an alternative for those who cannot tolerate injections
• Fortified foods provide a dietary source but may not be sufficient for severe deficiencies

Discussing these options with your healthcare provider can help you make an informed decision about the best method for your specific situation.

Hydroxocobalamin plays a crucial role in treating vitamin B12 deficiency, offering an effective solution for those unable to obtain or absorb sufficient B12 through diet alone. While side effects are generally mild and manageable, it’s important to be aware of potential serious reactions and seek prompt medical attention if they occur. Regular monitoring and adherence to prescribed treatment plans are essential for optimal outcomes. By understanding the benefits, potential side effects, and proper management of hydroxocobalamin therapy, patients can take an active role in their treatment and maintain healthy vitamin B12 levels for overall well-being.

Side effects of hydroxocobalamin – NHS

Like all medicines, hydroxocobalamin can cause side effects in some people, but not everyone gets them.

Common side effects

There are things you can do to help cope with these common side effects of hydroxocobalamin:

Pain, swelling or itchy skin where you had the injection

These symptoms are usually mild and should only last a few hours. You can ask a pharmacist to recommend a mild painkiller if the pain is bothering you.

Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)

Stick to simple meals and avoid rich or spicy food. If you’re being sick, try small, frequent sips of water to avoid dehydration.

If you take contraceptive pills and you’re being sick, your contraception may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet for advice.

Diarrhoea

Drink plenty of fluids, such as water or squash, to avoid dehydration. Signs of dehydration include peeing less than usual or having dark strong-smelling pee.

If you take contraceptive pills and you have severe diarrhoea for more than 24 hours, your contraception may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet for advice.

Headaches

Make sure you rest and drink plenty of fluids. Do not drink too much alcohol. Ask your pharmacist to recommend a painkiller.

Talk to your doctor if the headaches are severe or last longer than a few days.

Feeling dizzy

Stop what you’re doing, and sit or lie down until you feel better. Do not drive, ride a bike or use tools or machinery until you stop feeling dizzy.

Hot flushes

Try cutting down on alcohol and drinks containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, cola and energy drinks. It might help to use a fan to keep the room cool. You could also spray your face with cool water or sip cold or iced drinks.

The flushing should go away after a few days. If it does not go away, or if it’s causing you problems, contact your doctor.

Speak to a doctor or pharmacist if the advice on how to cope does not help and a side effect is still bothering you or does not go away.

Serious side effects

Serious side effects are very rare.

Tell your doctor or contact 111 immediately if you get irregular heartbeats or heartbeats that suddenly become more noticeable (palpitations) after having treatment.

Go to 111.nhs.uk or call 111.

Serious allergic reaction

In rare cases, hydroxocobalamin can cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E now if:

• you get a skin rash that may include itchy, red, swollen, blistered or peeling skin
• you’re wheezing
• you get tightness in the chest or throat
• you have trouble breathing or talking
• your mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat start swelling

You could be having a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Other side effects

These are not all the side effects of hydroxocobalamin. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicine’s packet.

Information:

You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme.

Visit Yellow Card for further information.

Page last reviewed: 13 October 2022

Next review due: 13 October 2025

Hydroxocobalamin Intramuscular: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

Hydroxocobalamin is a man-made injectable form of vitamin B12 used to treat low levels (deficiency) of this vitamin. Vitamin B12 helps your body use fat and carbohydrates for energy and make new protein. It is also important for normal blood, cells, and nerves. Most people get enough vitamin B12 in their diet, but a deficiency may occur in certain health conditions (such as poor nutrition, stomach/intestinal problems, infection, cancer). Serious vitamin B12 deficiency may result in anemia, stomach problems, and nerve damage.

How to use Hydroxocobalamin Vial

This medication is given by injection into a muscle as directed by your doctor. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Injections may be given daily when you first start treatment. Certain medical conditions (such as pernicious anemia) may require you to continue receiving injections every month.

If you are giving this medication to yourself at home, learn all preparation and usage instructions from your health care professional. Before using, check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the liquid. Learn how to store and discard medical supplies safely.

Side Effects

Pain at the injection site, mild diarrhea, itching, or a feeling of swelling all over the body may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

This medication may cause low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia). Tell your doctor right away if any of these serious side effects occur: muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat.

People who have a rare blood disorder (polycythemia vera) may rarely have symptoms related to this disorder while taking hydroxocobalamin. Get medical help right away if any of these very serious symptoms occur: chest pain (especially with shortness of breath), weakness on one side of the body, sudden vision changes, trouble speaking.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before using hydroxocobalamin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to cobalt; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: low potassium blood levels (hypokalemia), gout, a certain blood disorder (polycythemia vera), a certain eye disease (Leber’s disease), other vitamin/mineral deficiencies (especially folic acid and iron).

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Based on information from related drugs, this medication may pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Does Hydroxocobalamin Vial interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

Overdose with this medication is very unlikely. However, if someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Do not share this medication with others.

Lab and/or medical tests (such as blood potassium levels, complete blood count, hematocrit, vitamin B12 levels) should be done while you are using this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

This product is not a substitute for a proper diet. Remember that it is best to get your vitamins from healthy foods. Vitamin B12 is commonly found in many foods from animals, especially liver, kidney, fish and shellfish, meat, and dairy foods.

It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Consult the product instructions and your pharmacist for storage details. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

hydroxocobalamin 1,000 mcg/mL intramuscular solution

Color: dark redShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a dark red, vial

Next

Save up to 80% on your prescriptions.

Available coupons

Save up to 80% on your prescription with WebMDRx

Drug Survey

Are you currently using Hydroxocobalamin Vial?

This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Today on WebMD

Description HYDROXOCOBALAMIN indications, dosages, contraindications of the active ingredient HYDROXOCOBALAMIN

Rec.INN WHO registered drug interaction Pharmacological action Belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins. It is a metabolite of cyanocobalamin. In contrast, in the hydroxocobalamin molecule, the cobalt atom is bonded not to the cyano but to the hydroxy group. Necessary for the process of hematopoiesis, the formation of epithelial cells, the functioning of the nervous system (due to the effect on myelin synthesis). Converts to the active coenzyme form in the body faster than cyanocobalamin. Longer stored in the blood, tk. binds more strongly to plasma proteins and is more slowly excreted in the urine. Indications of the active substance HYDROXOCOBALAMIN B 12 – deficiency anemia, Leber’s disease (hereditary atrophy of the optic nerves), Addison’s pernicious anemia. Open list of ICD-10 codes D51.0 Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor 9 deficiency0027 D51. 9 Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, unspecified h57.2 Optic atrophy Dosage regimen IM – 250-1000 mcg/day for 1-2 weeks. Maintenance dose – 1000 mcg 1 time in 2-3 months (if necessary during life). The initial dose, frequency of administration and duration of treatment are determined according to the scheme depending on the disease. Side effects Rare: allergic reactions (itching, exanthema, anaphylactic reactions), nausea, dizziness, arrhythmia (possible at the beginning of treatment). Contraindications for use Hypersensitivity to hydroxocobalamin. Use in pregnancy and lactation Do not use hydroxocobalamin in megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy. Use in the elderly May be used as indicated. Special instructions Before starting therapy, the diagnosis should be verified, because the use of hydroxocobalamin at a dose of more than 10 mcg / day can cause a hematological response in patients with folic acid deficiency. Unjustified use of hydroxocobalamin may mask the true diagnosis. Drug interactions When used simultaneously with aminoglycosides, biguanides, chloramphenicol, cholestyramine, anticonvulsants, cimetidine, colchicine, potassium salts, methyldopa, the absorption of hydroxocobalamin is reduced. When used simultaneously with hormonal contraceptives for oral administration, a decrease in the concentration of hydroxocobalamin in the blood plasma is noted.

Indications, what helps, composition

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. A SPECIALIST’S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED. Vitamins of the B group

24 3510869 reg. number 31955

All authors

Contents of the article

• Cyanocobalamin: what does the body need?
• Cyanocobalamin indications
• Cyanocobalamin in ampoules for what?
• Methylcobalamin or Cyanocobalamin: which is better?
• Summary
• Ask an expert on the topic of the article

Cyanocobalamin is commonly called vitamin B12. But this is only partly correct. Vitamin B12 is a group of biologically active substances-cobalamins with the same activity. These are cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and their derivatives methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin. Their molecules are unique because they contain cobalt and are the largest among vitamins. No other vitamin contains metals in its structure.

The cyanocobalamin molecule is distinguished by the presence of a CN group, from which it got its name: CN – cyan and cobalt – cobalamin. A person receives this vitamin only with protein animal food; it is not found in food of plant origin. With a deficiency of vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin drugs are used. In medical practice, it is cyanocobalamin that is called vitamin B12.

In the article we talk about Cyanocobalamin: what kind of vitamin it is and why it is so important for a person, when it is prescribed and how it differs from methylcobalamin.

Cyanocobalamin: what does the body need?

Cyanocobalamin is involved in carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism and is necessary for many body functions. We list the main and most important of them:

• participates in hematopoiesis, is responsible for the production of red blood cells and their maturation without defects, increases the effectiveness of iron, prevents anemia, affects the blood coagulation system
• stimulates cell and tissue regeneration, improves protein digestion, activates cell division, prevents diseases of the liver, kidneys, heart, participates in the synthesis of the protective myelin layer of neurons
• increases the content of methionine and choline, which have a positive effect on the functioning of the brain, nervous system, mental state and mental activity

Vitamin B12 improves the condition of skin, hair and nails. Due to its regenerating properties, Cyanocobalamin is included in the composition of cosmetic and therapeutic products for the face and for strengthening hair: masks, shampoos, balms, vitamin complexes (Alerana vitamins for hair, Merz Special Dragee).

All products Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)

20 reviews

Cyanocobalamin indications

The official instructions for Cyanocobalamin and RLS (Register of Medicines) contain the following indications for the use of the drug:

• anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
• complex treatment of iron deficiency and aplastic anemia, as well as anemia after blood loss or poisoning with toxic / medicinal substances
• Adjunctive therapy for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver, alcoholism and liver failure
• neuralgia, polyneuritis, radiculitis, cerebral palsy, Down’s disease
• chronic eating disorder
• psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, photodermatosis
• conditions associated with malabsorption of vitamin B12: resection of the stomach and intestines, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, radiation sickness, tumors of the pancreas and intestines
• stress, prolonged infections, kidney disease, diet
• taking drugs that impair the absorption of vitamin

Cyanocobalamin in ampoules for what?

Cyanocobalamin in ampoules is produced mainly by Russian manufacturers. In the form of tablets or capsules, vitamin B12 is less present, as a rule, these are dietary supplements, for example, Blagomin B12. In Russia, only one drug in tablets is registered – this is B12 Ankermann of the German company WOERWAG PHARMA.

The answer to the question: “Cyanocobalamin in ampoules – what are injections used for?” are all of the listed indications for the drug. With neuritis, neuralgia and

Neuropathies are usually prescribed a complex of three B vitamins in ampoules: Cyanocobalamin (B12), Thiamine (B1) and Pyridoxine (B6). When injecting, three vitamins cannot be mixed in one syringe, since the cobalt in the B12 molecule destroys them.

Methylcobalamin or Cyanocobalamin: which is better?

Cyanocobalamin is converted in the liver to Methylcobalamin, which has the same B12-vitamin activity. The two substances differ in that the cyano group of the first is replaced by a methyl radical in the second.

Which is better Methylcobalamin or Cyanocobalamin? As a drug in Russia, only Cyanocobalamin is registered, while it is a medicine with proven efficacy. Methylcobalamin is produced in the form of dietary supplements, which, as a rule, lack clinical trials, clear regulation of excipients, and strict quality control.

Summary

• Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin plays an important role in hematopoiesis, cell and tissue regeneration processes, brain and nervous system function, and in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
• The main indications for the appointment of Cyanocobalamin are anemia, neuralgia, neuritis, diseases of the liver, intestines, skin.
• For neuritis, neuralgia and neuropathy, a complex of three B vitamins in ampoules is usually prescribed: Cyanocobalamin (B12), Thiamine (B1) and Pyridoxine (B6).
• Cyanocobalamin is converted in the liver to Methylcobalamin, which has the same B12-vitamin activity.

Ask an expert about the topic of the article

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments below and our experts will answer you.