Is herpes always contagious if you have it. How accurate are blood tests for herpes detection. Can people with herpes still have a normal sex life. What are the most effective ways to prevent herpes transmission. How common is herpes globally.

The Prevalence of Herpes: A Global Perspective

Herpes is far more common than many people realize. According to the World Health Organization, an astonishing 67% of the global population under age 50 has herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This translates to approximately 3.7 billion people worldwide. Additionally, 11% of individuals between ages 15 and 49, or about 417 million people, have herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

These statistics highlight the widespread nature of herpes and challenge the stigma often associated with the virus. It’s crucial to understand that having herpes doesn’t reflect on a person’s character or lifestyle choices.

HSV-1 vs. HSV-2: Understanding the Differences

Many people believe that HSV-1 and HSV-2 are fundamentally different, with HSV-1 causing oral herpes and HSV-2 causing genital herpes. However, this distinction is not always accurate. Both types can cause sores in either location. Sarah Vensel, a physician assistant in San Francisco, explains, “One big misconception is that cold sores are caused by HSV-1 and genital herpes are always type 2, but that’s not always the case.”

Debunking Common Herpes Myths

Let’s address three widespread myths about herpes that often cause unnecessary anxiety and misinformation.

Myth #1: Only Promiscuous People Get Herpes

This myth is not only false but also harmful. Herpes can affect anyone, regardless of their sexual history or relationship status. Even individuals in monogamous relationships can contract herpes without realizing it. The virus can spread through various forms of intimate contact, not just intercourse.

Do condoms provide complete protection against herpes? While condoms can reduce the risk of herpes transmission during vaginal, anal, and oral sex, they are not foolproof. Herpes can spread through skin-to-skin contact in areas not covered by condoms.

Myth #2: Blood Tests Are the Best Way to Diagnose Herpes

Contrary to popular belief, blood tests are not always the most accurate method for herpes diagnosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend routine blood testing for herpes unless you or your partner have symptoms. Why? Because it can take anywhere from two weeks to six months after exposure for herpes to be detectable in the blood.

What is the most accurate way to diagnose herpes? The most reliable method is to take a swab sample from a new herpes lesion during an outbreak. If you’re experiencing symptoms, consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment options.

Myth #3: Your Sex Life Is Over If You Have Herpes

This myth is perhaps the most damaging and furthest from the truth. While herpes is a chronic condition, it’s entirely manageable with proper treatment and precautions. Dr. Jill Grimes, author of “Seductive Delusions: How Everyday People Catch STIs,” emphasizes, “People have a disproportionate fear of herpes in relation to any other STI. They feel like their sex lives are ruined forever and that’s in no way the case.”

Understanding Herpes Transmission

To effectively manage herpes and reduce transmission risk, it’s essential to understand how the virus spreads.

When Is Herpes Most Contagious?

The herpes virus is most infectious just before, during, and after an outbreak when blisters are present. However, it’s important to note that the virus can also spread through “silent shedding” between outbreaks. This means that transmission can occur even when no symptoms are visible.

The Role of Oral Sex in Herpes Transmission

Many people are surprised to learn that oral sex can lead to genital herpes. Dr. Grimes explains, “The majority of new infections are HSV-1, passed from one person’s mouth to another person’s genitals during oral sex.” This fact underscores the importance of open communication and protection during all forms of sexual activity.

Herpes Treatment and Management

While there’s no cure for herpes, treatment options are available to manage symptoms and reduce outbreak frequency.

Antiviral Medications

Doctors may prescribe antiviral medications like Zovirax or Valtrex to help manage herpes outbreaks. These medications can be taken at the first sign of an outbreak to shorten its duration or taken daily to suppress outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission.

Lifestyle Adjustments

In addition to medication, certain lifestyle changes can help manage herpes symptoms. These may include:

• Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine to boost immune function
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy
• Avoiding triggers that may cause outbreaks, such as excessive sun exposure or certain foods
• Getting adequate sleep to support overall health and immune function

Herpes and Relationships: Navigating Intimacy

Having herpes doesn’t mean the end of intimate relationships. With open communication, education, and proper precautions, individuals with herpes can maintain healthy and fulfilling relationships.

Disclosing Herpes to Partners

How should one approach the topic of herpes with a new partner? Honesty and education are key. Choose a calm, private moment to discuss your diagnosis. Provide your partner with accurate information about herpes, including transmission risks and management strategies. Remember, many people have misconceptions about herpes, so be prepared to address their concerns and questions.

Safe Sex Practices

What steps can couples take to reduce the risk of herpes transmission? Consider the following strategies:

1. Use condoms and dental dams during sexual activity
2. Avoid sexual contact during outbreaks
3. Consider antiviral suppression therapy to reduce viral shedding
4. Be aware of prodromal symptoms (tingling, itching) that may signal an impending outbreak
5. Maintain open communication about symptoms and concerns

The Psychological Impact of Herpes

A herpes diagnosis can have significant emotional and psychological effects. It’s important to address these aspects of living with herpes to maintain overall well-being.

Coping with Stigma

The stigma surrounding herpes can be challenging to navigate. How can individuals cope with these negative perceptions? Education is crucial – understanding that herpes is a common virus can help reduce feelings of shame or isolation. Connecting with support groups or counseling services can also provide valuable emotional support and coping strategies.

Building Self-Acceptance

Accepting a herpes diagnosis is an important step in managing the condition. Remember that having herpes doesn’t define you as a person. Focus on your strengths, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and surround yourself with supportive people. If you’re struggling with self-acceptance, consider speaking with a mental health professional who can provide guidance and support.

Herpes Research and Future Treatments

While there is currently no cure for herpes, ongoing research offers hope for improved treatments and potential preventive measures in the future.

Vaccine Development

Scientists are working on developing vaccines to prevent herpes infections. While no vaccine is currently available, several candidates are in various stages of clinical trials. These potential vaccines aim to either prevent initial infection or reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks in those already infected.

Novel Treatment Approaches

Researchers are exploring new treatment strategies for herpes, including:

• Gene editing techniques to target the herpes virus directly
• Immunotherapy approaches to boost the body’s natural defenses against the virus
• Development of new antiviral medications with improved efficacy and fewer side effects

While these advancements are promising, it’s important to note that they are still in the research phase. Current management strategies remain the most effective way to control herpes symptoms and reduce transmission risk.

Herpes Prevention: Protecting Yourself and Others

Understanding how to prevent herpes transmission is crucial for both individuals with the virus and those seeking to avoid infection.

Safe Sex Practices

What are the most effective ways to prevent herpes transmission during sexual activity? Consider these strategies:

• Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly
• Avoid sexual contact during outbreaks or when prodromal symptoms are present
• Discuss sexual health history with partners before engaging in intimate activities
• Consider getting tested for STIs regularly, especially if you have multiple partners

Education and Awareness

Promoting accurate information about herpes can help reduce stigma and encourage prevention efforts. Schools, healthcare providers, and community organizations play a vital role in educating the public about herpes and other sexually transmitted infections.

By understanding the facts about herpes, practicing safe sex, and maintaining open communication with partners, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of contracting or spreading the virus.

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Dec 5, 2018

By Michelle Konstantinovsky

Updated May 16, 2019.

A surprising number of people you know probably have herpes.

Shocked? You shouldn’t be, since the virus is very common. According to the World Health Organization, 3.7 billion people under age 50 have herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) — that’s 67 percent of the global population in that age bracket. Another 417 million people (11 percent) between ages 15 and 49 worldwide have herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

Many people consider HSV-1 more benign, but it turns out there’s not much difference between the two types of virus. While it’s true that HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and can cause genital sores or blisters, type 1 can do the same thing.

“One big misconception is that cold sores are caused by HSV-1 and genital herpes are always type 2, but that’s not always the case,” says Sarah Vensel, a physician assistant in San Francisco. “Cold sores are so common they’ve been normalized at this point. But genital herpes is sometimes the exact same virus — just in a different location.”

Not only is herpes incredibly common — it’s also totally manageable. Allow us to set your mind at ease and debunk three widespread herpes myths:

Myth #1: Only promiscuous people get herpes.

It turns out you can have herpes without knowing it, even in a monogamous relationship. That’s because even if there are no noticeable symptoms like small red bumps, white blisters, pain, or itching, you can still spread the viral cells and unknowingly infect a partner. So promiscuous or polyamorous people aren’t the only ones at risk.

The herpes virus is the most infectious just before, during, and after an outbreak — when blisters are present. But it also has ‘silent shedding’ between outbreaks, meaning the virus can spread at just about any time. And intercourse isn’t the only way to contract this sexually transmitted infection, often called an STI by clinicians. “The majority of new infections are HSV-1, passed from one person’s mouth to another person’s genitals during oral sex,” says Jill Grimes, MD, who wrote the book Seductive Delusions: How Everyday People Catch STIs.

“A lot of people are completely dumbfounded when they’re diagnosed because they didn’t know they could get HSV-1 on their genitals from oral sex,” adds Vensel. “I tell them, ‘Hey, look — this is normal and it’s okay. I know it sucks and you’re in pain, but it’s not the end of the world.’”

Condoms can reduce your herpes risk if they’re used correctly during vaginal, anal and oral sex, but they’re not foolproof. Herpes can be spread via skin to skin contact in areas that aren’t covered.

Myth #2: A blood test is the best way to know if you have herpes.

Blood tests are not always accurate and testing for herpes can be tricky. It can take two weeks to six months after being exposed to herpes before it is detected in the blood. To make matters more complicated, if you are low risk for herpes and asymptomatic, it increases your risk of a false positive result. Because of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends against routine testing for herpes unless you or your partner have symptoms. The most accurate test is when you are able to take a swab sample from a new herpes lesion, but often times the diagnosis is made by a clinician based on your history and report of symptoms.

Because the blood test can be expensive and inaccurate, it is not typically included in a sexually transmitted disease evaluation unless you ask your provider for it specifically.

In short, if you don’t have symptoms, you don’t necessarily need a blood test. If you do experience an outbreak, a skin swab — not a blood test — is your best bet for confirmation.

Myth #3: Your sex life is over.

While there’s no cure, herpes treatment is simple and can shorten or prevent outbreaks, so you can still have a love life.

“People have a disproportionate fear of herpes in relation to any other STI,” Grimes says. “They feel like their sex lives are ruined forever and that’s in no way the case.”

If you have the virus, your doctor may prescribe a medication like Zovirax or Valtrex to keep on hand in case of a flare-up. And if you experience outbreaks often, your provider may recommend daily dosing. However you treat it, it’s worth remembering that herpes is a condition to manage; it doesn’t define you.

“If you have to be ‘perfect’ for your new partner, that partner will be looking a very, very long time to find a match!” Grimes says. “Everyone has ‘something,’ and since one in six Americans between 14-49 have HSV-2, odds are very high that your next partner is in the same boat. The main issue is to have productive conversations around these issues.”

So there’s no reason for all the stigma and secrecy surrounding herpes, since it’s safe to assume more people have it than you think. And if you’re diagnosed with the virus, your provider will help you find a treatment plan that’s easy, effective, and fit for your lifestyle.

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herpes

sexually transmitted diseases

STIs

sexual health

sexually transmitted infections

condoms

STDs

Michelle Konstantinovsky

Michelle Konstantinovsky is an experienced writer, regularly producing content on a variety of wellness-oriented topics ranging from breaking health news to fitness and nutrition.
Michelle has a master’s degree from UC Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism and has written extensively on health and body image for outlets like O: The Oprah Magazine, Slate, SPIN.com, xoJane.com, and The Huffington Post. To read more of her work, visit www.michellekmedia.com.

The One Medical blog is published by One Medical, a national, modern primary care practice pairing 24/7 virtual care services with inviting and convenient in-person care at over 100 locations across the U.S. One Medical is on a mission to transform health care for all through a human-centered, technology-powered approach to caring for people at every stage of life.

Any general advice posted on our blog, website, or app is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace or substitute for any medical or other advice. 1Life Healthcare, Inc. and the One Medical entities make no representations or warranties and expressly disclaim any and all liability concerning any treatment, action by, or effect on any person following the general information offered or provided within or through the blog, website, or app. If you have specific concerns or a situation arises in which you require medical advice, you should consult with an appropriately trained and qualified medical services provider.

What You Need To Know About Herpes

According to a study recently released by the World Health Organization, 2/3 of the globe’s population below fifty years have herpes after contracting the virus as a minor. The term “herpes” conjures different perceptions of different people. While some perceive the virus as annoying blisters or cold sores that periodically appear, others see it as a sexually transmitted infection that you must endure throughout your lifetime after infection. Both perceptions are correct. However, medically speaking, the virus is also applied to other afflictions. The experienced gynecologists at All Women’s Care, serving patients throughout Los Angeles, offer confidential, discreet consultations, diagnosis, and management advice that prioritize your health and your sexual partner.

Overview of Herpes

Herpes is a common infection which many people can get. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least one out of six persons aged between fourteen and forty-nine years have genital herpes. After its initial infection, the virus stays dormant in the body and can reactivate many times a year. Therefore, chances are most people don’t know that they have herpes.

The STI is mainly spread through skin-to-skin contact with the infected regions, during oral sex, kissing, anal sex, or vaginal sex. It leads to outbreaks of painful and itchy sores or blisters that recur. Therefore, most patients mistake the sores for another thing or do not notice them.

There is no cure for the condition. However, medication could manage symptoms and reduce the chances of spreading the virus. Also, outbreaks become less common with time. While the condition could take time to be painful and uncomfortable, it is not dangerous. Patients have sex, relationships, and live healthy lives.

The following types of herpes simplex virus infections cause herpes:

• HSV-1: Usually, this type causes fever blisters and cold sores around the patient’s mouth. It can be spread through skin-to-skin contact or to your genital area during oral sex. Recurrence is less frequent compared to the HSV-2 infection.
• HSV-2: Normally, the virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact and sexual intercourse. It is very contagious, regardless of whether you have an open sore or not.

Understanding the Difference Between Oral Herpes and Genital Herpes

Since the two types of herpes simplex viruses can live on different body parts, most people are confused about what causes what—usually, HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause oral herpes and genital herpes, respectively.

While every strain loves living in their favorite region, all the types of the virus can infect either region. For instance, you could get infected with HSV-1 on the genitals if you engaged in oral sex with a person with a cold sore on their lips.

How Can You Get Infected?

As previously stated, herpes is spread through skin-to-skin contact with a person with the STI virus. You could be infected when your mouth or genitals touches their mouth or genitals during sex.

It is worth noting that the STI could be spread even when the tongue or penis does not go all the way into the mouth, anus, or vagina. Moreover, you do not have to cum to spread or get infected.

Commonly infected areas include on the skin on the mouth, genitals skin, and eyes. Other skin areas get infected if there is a way for the virus to get in. It can through a sore, rash, or cut.

Sometimes the virus is spread through non-sexual methods. Most people with oral herpes got it when they were children if parents with cold sores gave them a peck on their lips. Additionally, a mother could pass the virus to their baby during delivery, but it is rare.

You could also spread the virus to other body parts should you touch a sore and later touch your eyes, genitals, or mouth without washing your hands. You can spread herpes to another person this way.

Although the STI could shed and spread to other people when you don’t have sores and the skin looks healthy, the virus is most contagious when your sores are wet and open.

Since the virus dies when outside human bodies, you cannot get the herpes virus from holding hands, hugging, sneezing, coughing, towels, toilet seats, and objects used by an infected individual.

What are the Risk Factors?

The risk of getting infected with herpes could be increased if you:

Have multiple sex partners: Every additional sex partner increases the likelihood of being exposed to the virus.

A woman is at an increased risk of having genital herpes compared to a man. It is because the virus is transmitted more quickly from a man to a woman than it’s from a woman to a man.

What are the Symptoms of Herpes?

Neither you nor your partner could have symptoms that you can feel or see. It is because the signs and symptoms could be mild for you to see them. Sometimes persons confuse symptoms with things such as ingrown hairs, flu, and pimples.

Although the symptoms recur, that does not imply that the infection will go away or cannot be spread to your sexual partners.

Genital Herpes Signs and Symptoms

Common symptoms of this type of herpes are painful and itchy blisters on the thighs, butts, anus, cervix, vagina, or vulva. Your blisters break and then become sores.

You may also experience the following symptoms:

• Burning sensation when peeing
• Challenges while peeing because the swelling and sores are blocking the urethra
• Pain around the genitals
• Itchiness
• Fever
• Swollen glands under the arms and in the throat and pelvic area
• Chills
• Fatigue and feeling achy
• Run-down feeling
• Headache

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Oral Herpes?

Oral herpes causes sores (fever blisters or cold sores) around and in the mouth or lips. The ulcers last for a couple of weeks and go away on their own. They can recur after weeks, months, or even years.

Understanding the Different Stages of Herpes

After you’ve been infected, the virus will undergo the following stages:

Initial Herpes

When herpes signs and symptoms appear, it is known as an outbreak. Also referred to as initial herpes or first episode, the first outbreak begins about two or twenty days following the infection. However, it can sometimes take many years for the initial episode to occur.

Typically, this outbreak lasts for two to four weeks. The virus causes painful, tiny blisters. While the fluid in your blisters can be cloudy or clear, the region under the blister is red. These blisters later open, becoming open sores. During the initial stage, you will feel pain while urinating.

Latent Phase

You will not see or notice symptoms in this stage. However, the virus is moving from the skin to the nerves close to the spine.

Shedding Phrase

During this phase, the virus begins to multiply in your nerve endings. If the nerve endings are in body areas that make or in contact with body fluids, the virus gets into the body fluids. It could be vaginal fluids or saliva. Although there are no signs and symptoms, the virus could be transmitted from one person to another.

Recurrences

It is common for the outbreak to recur, particularly during the first year you’ve herpes. You could notice warning signs and symptoms a couple of hours or days before the outbreaks, such as tingly feeling, burning, or itching on the genitals. Having menstrual periods or basking in the sun might cause a recurrence.

The outbreaks are painful, but the first episode is the most painful. Usually, the recurring outbreaks are less painful and shorter.

Complications

Typically, herpes causes visible sores. It could also occasionally cause severe complications that affect other body parts.

Herpes complications are more likely to happen in the situations below:

• When a baby is born with herpes (infected during delivery): They have signs and symptoms like ulcers on the genitals, body, and face.
• When a patient suffers from cancer or HIV

Disseminated Herpes

It takes place when the virus spreads from the initial infection area. In severe cases, the virus could spread to other body parts like your brain.

Ocular Herpes

Ocular herpes is a rare complication that affects the eyes. It is common among infants infected during delivery. It could cause painful sores on the eye or the eyelid.

Its symptoms include:

• Pain around and in the eye
• Redness, sores, and rashes on your eyes, forehead or eyelids
• Eye redness
• Tearing
• Discharge
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision
• Cornea cloudiness and swelling

Encephalitis

It is a severe brain infection that causes cognitive challenges in adults and developmental delays in children.

Loss of Hearing

Herpes has been linked with a sudden loss of hearing in both adults and children. The complication happens when the virus affects the nerves that regulate hearing.

How Herpes is Diagnosed

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be diagnosed based on the lesions’ appearance and lab tests.

Herpes virus can cause visible skin lesions. Since the lesions can be due to other illnesses, it is essential to consult with a medical expert, particularly if you have never experienced an outbreak before.

Herpes Laboratory Tests

If you’ve herpes symptoms, your physician could diagnose the infection by swapping your open sores to examine for proof of the virus or by looking at the skin. If your symptoms are not apparent, blood tests could assist tell whether you are infected.

Swab Test

The standard for diagnosis is a nucleic acid amplification test or viral culture test of the samples of your lesion fluids, crust, or skin acquired from the area’s swab.

A viral culture permits the herpes virus to grow in the lab. On the other hand, the NAT test checks for the virus’s general material in the samples. The tests ought not to be positive unless you are infected. Generally, the test results are reliable.

Blood Tests

With a blood test, you can screen an asymptomatic herpes infection; the test searches for antibodies to the virus.

Your body forms antibodies when required to fight the infection. Antibodies could last for many years. It takes approximately two (2) weeks for the body to make antibodies against the infection.

If the infection recurs, an antibody test is not useful because after the patient has the antibodies, they remain in the blood even if the herpes virus is dormant.

Typically, there are 2 categories of herpes blood tests, namely:

• Type-specific herpes blood test: It searches whether your body has formed antibodies and which herpes strain your antibodies are against. The test does not tell where the infection is.
• General herpes blood test: It searches for whether you’ve antibodies for either type.

Usually, it takes two (2) weeks for herpes symptoms to manifest after the infection. If you don’t have lesions that could be tested with a swab, it is wise to wait for a couple of months before getting tested. It’s because it takes time for the body to form antibodies that are detectable in your blood. That means testing before the antibodies are made could result in false-negative results.

Herpes Diagnosis in a Newborn Baby

Diagnosing herpes in children is complicated. Children aren’t screened for the infection. In other words, only symptoms should alert the parent that all is not okay. It should prompt a diagnosis that could be done with a swab sample. Nevertheless, a complicated herpes infection calls for specific tests like a lumbar puncture.

What are the Differential Diagnoses?

Other medical conditions could be confused with genital herpes or cold sores. The conditions are severe, and it is wise to consult with a medical expert. Herpes could be distinguished from these conditions with a lab test or medical exam.

• Medical reactions: Medication might lead to sensitive reactions and allergies that could appear as rashes. Although medication-induced rashes do not appear in the genital area, they are common around the patient’s mouth and lips.
• Concurrent HSV-2 or HSV-1: If the patient has either type of herpes, they could also be infected with the other. The viruses are different, and having one does not prevent or cause the other.
• Pre-cancer or Cancer: Lesions around and in your genital area could be symptoms of cancer. The appearance of precancerous or cancerous shouldn’t have blisters that come with HSV lesions. However, your doctor should be able to tell the difference.
• Syphilis: Syphilis is an STD that manifests in genital sores that could be confused with herpes. Your OBGYN should be capable of telling the difference through visual lesions inspection.
• Canker sores: Usually, canker sores are red, raw, painful, and whitish in the middle. They are due to oral trauma and can appear in the mouth. While the painful sensation of cold sores and canker sores is alike, a lesion looks different.

Herpes Management

Even though there is no cure for the STI, there are numerous ways to manage the symptoms and infection. They include:

Home Remedies

These are things you could do at home to prevent your lesions from becoming worse, stop the recurrence stage, and reduce pain.

• Use a cold compress: Put an ice pack on the lesion until you feel better. Although the cold might not affect your lesion, it will reduce pain.
• Avoid scratching or touching the lesions because they can spread to other regions.
• Ensure your sores are clean: Genital herpes and cold sores could get infected with bacteria from feces, urine, or hands. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the blisters and sores are dry and clean to prevent additional infections.
• Avoid stress: Stress interferes with the immune system. Effective stress management also prevents constant herpes recurrences.

Over-the-Counter Therapy

Over-the-counter therapy creams could assist reduce pain and manage other symptoms of the infection. Here are therapies you may want to consider:

• Abreva: Also known as docosanol, Abreva is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for herpes that you might obtain with no prescription. The antiviral medication inhibits the virus’ ability to increase in your body. It is in the form of a cream that the patient applies to the affected areas every three hours. Your mouth, vagina, or eyes should not get into contact with the cream. Ensure you wash your hands thoroughly after and before use.
• Oral painkillers: Medications like ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetaminophen can aid relieve pain.
• Pain-relieving creams and lotions: The creams and lotions ease discomfort. There are several over-the-counter choices. Therefore, it is wise to check with your OBGYN the best product. Remember to clean your hands after and before applying your cream or lotion.

Prescription

In most cases, prescriptions apply to genital herpes cases. The prescriptions are antiviral medication, and they inhibit virus proliferation.

If you experience the initial outbreak or recurrence, either of the following medication should help you:

• Famvir (famciclovir)
• Acyclovir
• Valtrex (valacyclovir)

If you experience constant recurrences, you might want to take either of the above medications daily for a while (suppressive therapy).

Taking medications when you don’t have signs and symptoms can reduce the possibility of transmitting the virus to your sexual partner.

Generally, prescription medication isn’t recommended for expectant mothers or children below one year.

Complementary Medicine

Alternative herpes therapies with supporting studies include:

• Propolis: Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees from tree saps. According to a study conducted by Sapna Modi, Livia Van, and Aron Gewirtzman etl., patients treated with propolis have lesions heal faster and have an increased possibility of full lesions recovered by day ten of treatment.
• Algae extracts in lab settings have proved to stop HSV-2 growth.
• Acupuncture: It has been used for many years to manage pain that comes with lesions. However, the management option should be considered with caution because it has been linked with HSV transmission.

There have been numerous promising vaccine trials. Nevertheless, currently, no study has proved high adequate efficacy to bring a vaccine to the market.

How to Prevent Herpes

Since herpes is commonly spread from sexual contact with an infected person, the most effective prevention method is abstinence.

However, many people engage in sex at some point in their lives. Therefore, having safe sex is essential. You can use protection, such as dental dams or condoms. Make sure you use protection even when you don’t have symptoms or sores.

Herpes is also found on body areas not protected by condoms like labia, butt cheeks, and upper thighs. Do not engage in sexual contact during an outbreak.

How to Tell Your Partner About the Herpes

Most people feel that their love lives are over once they discover they have herpes. Well, that is not the truth. Herpes patients have romantic relationships with one another or with persons without the STI.

Having conversations about STDs is not fun, but it is essential to tell your partner if you are infected. That way, you might prevent the condition from spreading.

Here are practical tips that might help to talk about it:

• Remain calm: Having the STI is a health condition and does not mean you are promiscuous. Therefore, go into the conversation with a positive and relaxed attitude. You can start the conversation by asking your partner if they have even had or been tested before.
• Know the facts: Be sure to read all the facts. It will help you let your sexual partner know there are methods to manage the condition and prevent transmission.
• Timing: Choose a time when you will not be interrupted or distracted and in a private place. If you are anxious, you can first talk through your friend or practice speaking in front of a mirror. It helps you know what you are confident in saying.
• If you think your partner might injure you, you can tell them using a phone call, text message, or email.

What You Need to Know Herpes and Pregnancy

If you have herpes and are expectant, it’s wise to go to prenatal care visits. Tell the physician if you have ever had genital herpes or have ever been exposed to the STD. According to the CDC, the virus can result in a miscarriage or increase your likelihood of early delivery.

The virus can be transmitted to your baby before birth, but it is more common during vaginal delivery. If you are already infected, your doctor might offer you anti-herpes medication at the end of the pregnancy. During delivery, any experienced medical practitioner should examine you for sores, among other symptoms. If you’ve symptoms at childbirth, you will undergo a cesarean section.  

Find an Experienced OB-GYN Near Me

As previously mentioned, most people living with herpes don’t realize that they have the virus. The virus is classified into two: herpes simplex virus type 2 and herpes simplex virus type 1. It is transmitted by sexual contact, contact with infected saliva, or mouth-to-mouth contact. While the symptoms come and go, these types of herpes are incurable and contagious. Also, the virus does not always show symptoms, so getting tested is essential. The qualified gynecologists at All Women’s Care in Los Angeles can test you and assist you in managing the virus. To learn more about herpes and how we can help you, call us today at 213-250-9461.

Herpes

Herpes is a virus of the herpesvirus family. There are over 100 species of them, but only 8 of them affect humans. Predominantly infection occurs in early childhood. According to WHO, about 13% of the population is infected with HSV-2 and about 67% with HSV-1, of which 90% are unaware of the infection. The vast majority of the virus is in a latent state. It is activated during periods of stress, with a weakening of the immune system.

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Herpesviruses of the family Herpesviridae infecting humans:

• Alpha herpes viruses are the most common types of HSV-1 (oral herpes), HSV-2 (genital herpes) and chicken pox. A distinctive feature of the group is the rapid destruction of infected cells.
• Beta-herpesviruses are the most pathogenic infectious agents of herpes types 6, 7 and cytomegalovirus. They cause less pronounced degenerative changes in cells,
• Gamma herpes viruses is herpes type 8 and Epstein-Barr virus. They are able to infect the systems of mononuclear macrophages (immune cells), causing cell death processes.

The virus cannot be removed from the host cells; it remains in the body for life. Treatment is aimed at reducing the manifestations of symptoms, concomitant diseases, and making life easier for the patient. A vaccine is being developed.

Cytomegalovirus

This type of virus causes cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI, cytomegaly) . It has a large DNA genome and relatively low pathogenicity. Develops without cell damage. The resulting new viral particles already inside the body infect macrophages, epithelium, myeloid cells. In them, the virus enters a latent phase. It is believed that due to cytomegaly in humans, pathological inflammatory processes begin to develop with age.

The source of infection is an infected person. Cytomegalovirus is transmitted by airborne droplets and through all existing fluids: genital secretions, blood, saliva, breast milk.

The virus, slowly spreading throughout the body, provokes a change in infected cells with an increase in size. In healthy people, cytomegaly is mild or asymptomatic. It is especially dangerous for people with a pathology of the immune system, in young children and in pregnant women due to the risk of infection of the fetus. In immunocompromised patients, CMV infection is one of the causes of illness and death.

Acquired cytomegaly has symptoms similar to seasonal colds. Congenital (intrauterine), can cause miscarriage, lead to fetal pathology. In children under 3 months of age and in adults with pathologies of the immune system or oncology, cytomegalovirus infection can be severe. Among the complications are lung damage, viral encephalitis, changes in the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Belongs to the 4th group of herpesviruses (Herpesviridae). It looks like a double-stranded DNA molecule. It does not integrate into the cellular genome of an infected cell, but resides in the nucleus. There are two types of Epstein-Barr virus: EBV-1 and EBV-2. They are equally common, have similar symptoms. They differ in the ability to transform and the characteristics of the latent flow. The virus replicates in lymphocytes, epithelium, does not cause destruction.

The source of infection is an infected person with a manifest and latent form. The infection is spread by airborne droplets.

A disease with a strong immune system almost always proceeds without symptoms. In immunocompromised patients, it manifests itself as infectious mononucleosis. With a manifest (active) form of EBV infection, the level of the CIC increases, and the activity of leukocytes, on the contrary, decreases. This can lead to adverse immunopathological reactions.

In immunodeficiency, the Epstein-Barr virus can provoke the development of lymphoproliferative disorders and trigger oncology. In people with autoimmune diseases, it affects general well-being, causing chronic fatigue syndrome.

Infectious mononucleosis

An acute illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It develops against the background of weakened immunity, mainly in children and adults under the age of 40 years. It can occur in mild, moderate and severe forms.

Among the most common clinics are fever, lesions of the oral cavity, lymphadenopathy. Less commonly, a significant enlargement of the spleen, leading to ruptures. Atypical form of mononucleosis can also cause acute multiple organ failure, myocarditis, meningitis.
The visceral form of the course of the disease is characterized by severe multiple organ lesions. Pathological processes involve the central and peripheral nervous systems, organs of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, adrenal glands and other vital organs.

Herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6)

Basically, the virus replicates in T-lymphocytes, but sometimes it is detected in B-lymphocytes, the system of mononuclear macrophages, hepatocytes and other cells. The source is an infected person. Herpesvirus is transmitted by airborne droplets and directly to the child from the mother.

The list of diseases caused by HHV-6 is quite wide. More often, pathologies occur in people with a suppressed immune system. In other cases, there are no symptoms.

In newborns, against the background of infection, exanthems occur, the first fever in life. In adults and older children, the disease proceeds as mononucleosis. Carriers of HHV-6 have an increased risk of developing malignant lymphoma, histiocytic lymphadenitis, T-cell leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma. In immunocompromised individuals, infection is more difficult. In some cases, it leads to pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis.

Herpes virus type 7

HHV-7 is usually found together with HHV-6. They differ slightly from each other in terms of body weight and the number of base pairs. Herpesvirus type 7 is mainly localized in CD4+ T cells. It suppresses CD4, and also affects syncytium, causes unprogrammed cell death, and changes the level of cytokines.

Features of the impact of HHV type 7 separately from HHV-6 have not yet been sufficiently studied. However, it is known that this type affects CD4, like HIV infection, and therefore has a negative impact on the course of wintering diseases. Able to maintain the existence of latent infections.

Herpes virus type 8

The HHV-8 virus – Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) stimulates the synthesis of lymphoid, dendritic, epithelial cells and the secretion of the prostate epithelium. The presence of HHV-8 in the body increases the risk of developing tumor diseases.

The main ways of infection: sexual, hematogenous (blood transfusions), horizontal (with saliva), transplacental (the fetus becomes infected during pregnancy). The largest number of copies of the virus is found in saliva.

Herpes virus type 8 can stimulate the occurrence of neoplasms:

• Kaposi’s sarcoma;
• lymphoma;
• multiple myeloma;
• Castleman’s disease.

Pathologies occur against the background of aging, immunodeficiency and HIV infection. Nearly half of those infected with HPV-8 develop Kaposi’s sarcoma within 10 years of infection. All HIV-infected people with Kaposi’s sarcoma have herpes simplex virus type 8.

Survival rate of 72% with early diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. However, HHV-8 is more difficult to treat than other types. At the moment, sufficiently effective medicines have not been developed.

Symptoms

As a rule, symptoms appear only in young children or in adults with a pathology of the immune system, HIV-infected, taking medications that suppress the immune system. It can occur after serious illnesses, transplantation and other surgical interventions. Symptoms are quite extensive, but more often expressed in fever and rash on the skin and mucous membranes.

Cytomegalovirus infection. With the acquired form observed:

• Temperature increase.
• General malaise, weakness.
• Headache.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, sore throat.

Rarely there are complications in the form of pneumonia, arthritis, symptoms of hepatitis.

Congenital is expressed in the following symptoms:

• Hepatosplenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen and liver.
• Microcephaly is a significant decrease in the size of the skull and, accordingly, the brain.
• Jaundice of the skin and sclera.
• Petechiae is a hemorrhagic rash that occurs due to damage to intradermal capillaries.
• neurological anomalies.

Infection with cytomegalovirus during pregnancy can lead to the death of the embryo and pathological damage to the fetus. Among them are hemorrhagic syndrome, lesions of the nervous system. More often, sensorineural hearing loss and balance disorder are observed, less often – intellectual disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, microcephaly.

Epstein-Barr virus

Primary infection is characterized by:

• Catarrhal angina.
• Nasal congestion.
• Enlarged lymph nodes.
• Moderate increase in lymphocytes.

Manifest form – infectious mononucleosis is accompanied by:

• fever;
• general malaise;
• headache;
• angina;
• an increase in cervical lymph nodes, soreness;
• splenomegaly;
• hepatomegaly;
• jaundice.

Infectious mononucleosis:

• Heat.
• Headache.
• Inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils.
• Enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes.
• Enlargement of the liver and spleen.

In a severe form of the disease, complications may occur in the form of otitis media, sinusitis, hepatitis, paratonsillar abscess, and pneumonia.

Herpes virus HHV-6

It has a wide range of symptoms, the most commonly noted are the following signs:

• temperature up to +40 °C;
• symptoms of intoxication;
• erythematous or papular rash;
• mild hyperemia of the pharynx.

If a person has a strong immune system, without pathologies, then HS-6 is asymptomatic.

Herpes virus HHV-7

No symptoms have been identified. In immunocompromised individuals, it can cause pseudorubella, fever, pink lichen, convulsions, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Herpes virus HHV-8 (HHV-8, Kaposi’s sarcoma)

Clinical manifestations are observed only with immunosuppression. They are expressed in the appearance of vascular seals, are formed on the skin and in the mouth. These are multiple hemorrhagic neoplasms of a malignant nature. Over time, the virus can cause complications in the lungs, gallbladder, bile ducts and other internal organs.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of infections caused by herpes viruses is based on laboratory tests. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods are used.

PCR is the most accurate way to detect all types of herpes. It is also one of the fastest in production, allowing you to identify the pathogen at an early stage of the disease. To obtain the result, a small amount of the desired material is sufficient.

A feature of the PRC method lies in copying a DNA region specific to the pathogen. It is reproduced such a number of times that it enlarges the sample to a size acceptable for diagnosis.

Any biological material is suitable as a sample:

• deoxygenated blood;
• seminal fluid;
• vaginal discharge;
• saliva;
• liquor;
• biopsy and more.

Among other methods for diagnosing herpes are molecular biological studies of skin biopsies for the diagnosis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Examine hair follicles to confirm or rule out HHV-6. The digital drop PCR method helps to identify chromosomally integrated and inherited forms of the type 6 virus. In tissue-invasive CMV, histological and immunohistochemical studies are preferred.

When is an analysis for herpes viruses prescribed?

• If there are symptoms indicating diseases caused by herpes viruses.
• For differentiation of herpesvirus and other infections.
• When planning pregnancy and in the presence of pathology of pregnancy.
• With a comprehensive examination of HIV patients and people with immunodeficiency.
• Before immunosuppressive therapy.
• To monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

It is necessary to undergo an analysis for herpes in patients with hemoblastoses, lymphoproliferative diseases. A study is shown before and after transplantation.

Treatment

Since the herpes virus is integrated into the genome of a human cell, it cannot be removed. Therapeutic measures are aimed at diseases caused by herpes viruses. For treatment, etiotropic drugs and means for relieving symptoms are prescribed. The choice of medicines, dosage and method of treatment are chosen individually, based on the patient’s condition, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases.

Herpes viruses are activated against the background of suppressed immunity, most patients are HIV-infected. At the same time, treatment is indicated in an immunologically favorable state, in which case the risk of complications is less, the chances of a cure are higher. However, patients with a poor prognosis also undergo individual, not always systematic treatment.

Herpes won’t kiss me

Oh, and this stubborn disease is herpes! Especially often torments us in the spring. What to do? We are talking about this with a well-known specialist, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor Eduard Batkaev .

– Herpes is such a “prankster”. For some, it “pops out” on the lip, for others – on the finger, for others, sorry, on the coccyx. What are different types of viruses?

– And in the fourth – on the genitals … there are about a hundred viruses that cause herpes. The most common is the herpes simplex virus (blister). It is of two types. The first pours out mainly on the face, on the lips. And the second affects the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs, therefore it is called genital. There are other types of herpes, for example, herpes zoster or cytomegalovirus infection, which is common in women (it is especially dangerous during pregnancy because it can cause fetal pathology) …

— Is herpes contagious? When kissing, for example, is transmitted?

— Yes, it is an infectious disease. It is transmitted through any bodily contact. Herpes simplex virus – airborne droplets, and genital – through sexual contact. In most cases, the source of the disease is the one who has a relapse – rashes appear. However, there is also an atypical form of herpes, and it is also contagious: the virus is on the surface of the skin, although there are no vesicles or other clinical manifestations.

— Is it possible to catch herpes in the pool?

— No, only through household items and physical contact.

— Is it true that the herpes virus cannot be “killed” by any medicine? He sits inside a person.

– 90% of the world’s population is infected with herpes viruses, but only 10% are sick. Herpes is a lifelong latent relapsing disease, in some it manifests itself, in others it does not. The virus is in the body in a passive state, it is activated only when the immune system weakens.

— Why does herpes often get worse after the flu and SARS?

– Yes, the body’s defenses are reduced – a relapse occurs. For the same reason, herpes aggravates in the off-season: in spring and autumn. The immune system is being rebuilt and cannot fully suppress the activity of herpes viruses.

— What to do if relapses are frequent?

— To be treated by a specialist doctor. We prescribe monotherapy or complex therapy with the use of amixin for relapses. Amixin is a very effective drug. It stimulates the production of an antiviral protein in the body – interferon, which prevents the penetration and reproduction of viruses.