What are the common illnesses and infections that can cause hives? Discover the viral, bacterial, and chronic conditions linked to this itchy skin condition.

Hives: An Immune System Response to Illness

Hives, also known as urticaria, are a common skin condition characterized by red or white raised bumps that often itch. These bumps can appear anywhere on the body and are typically triggered by an allergic reaction. Hives can be acute, lasting a few days to up to 6 weeks, or chronic, appearing on and off for more than 6 weeks.

Interestingly, illness and infection are major culprits when it comes to causing hives. In fact, about 80% of cases of acute hives in children are linked to viral infections like the common cold. While the cause of chronic hives is harder to pinpoint, they can also be connected to underlying chronic conditions such as lupus or thyroid disease.

How Illnesses Trigger Hives

When you’re sick, your immune system kicks into gear to fight off the invading illness. For some individuals, this immune response can also activate the mast cells in the skin, which release histamine – a chemical that causes the characteristic itching and redness of hives. The hives typically appear as the immune system is clearing the infection, so they may show up a week or so after the initial onset of illness.

Common Viral and Bacterial Infections That Cause Hives

While hives may not be the first symptom that comes to mind for these common infections, they can all potentially trigger the red, itchy skin condition:

• Common cold: This viral infection of the upper respiratory tract can cause hives, which usually resolve within 1-2 weeks.
• COVID-19: The lengthy list of COVID-19 symptoms includes hives, which can last 2-12 days.
• Urinary tract infection (UTI): Along with the classic UTI symptoms, hives can also develop. UTIs are caused by bacteria and can be treated with antibiotics.
• Mononucleosis: Also known as “mono,” this viral infection can rarely cause hives.

Chronic Illnesses Linked to Hives

Autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, are the most common chronic conditions associated with hives. These include:

1. Celiac disease: When those with celiac disease consume gluten, the immune reaction can trigger hives, also known as dermatitis herpetiformis. This occurs in up to 25% of celiac patients.
2. Diabetes: Both type 1 (autoimmune) and type 2 diabetes have been linked to hives, potentially from the disease itself or medications used to manage it.
3. Lupus: Around 10% of people with the chronic inflammatory condition lupus will also experience hives.
4. Rheumatoid arthritis: The overactive immune system in rheumatoid arthritis can cause hives, and some medications used to treat it may also contribute.
5. Thyroid disease: Skin issues, including hives, are closely linked to thyroid disorders.
6. Vitiligo: This skin condition that causes discolored patches can also manifest as hives.

Treating Hives Caused by Illness

The treatment for hives depends on the underlying cause. For hives related to viral or bacterial infections, antihistamines are often the first line of defense to relieve itching and swelling. In the case of chronic hives due to autoimmune conditions, treatments may involve medications that suppress the immune system. Working closely with your healthcare provider is key to properly managing hives and identifying the root cause.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Hives

While hives are generally not a serious condition, they can occasionally be a sign of a more severe allergic reaction. Seek immediate medical care if hives are accompanied by difficulty breathing, swallowing, or other concerning symptoms. Prompt treatment is crucial in these situations.

Preventing Hives Caused by Illness

The best way to prevent hives related to illness is to focus on overall health and boosting the immune system. This includes practicing good hygiene, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and maintaining a balanced diet. Additionally, staying up-to-date on recommended vaccinations can help reduce the risk of contracting illnesses that may trigger hives.