What are the different injectable blood thinners? How do they work? What are the key differences between them? Get the answers to these questions and more in this informative article.

Injectable Anticoagulants: An Overview

Anticoagulant medications, commonly known as blood thinners, play a crucial role in treating and preventing blood clots. Among the various types of anticoagulants, injectable formulations hold a significant place. These injectable blood thinners, also referred to as injectable anticoagulants, offer effective solutions for individuals with clotting disorders or at risk of developing blood clots.

Low Molecular Weight Heparins: Enoxaparin and Dalteparin

The low molecular weight heparin category includes medications such as enoxaparin (Lovenox) and dalteparin (Fragmin). Approved by the FDA in the early 1990s, these anticoagulants are produced by chemically breaking down heparin into smaller-sized molecules. Unlike regular heparin, the effect of low molecular weight heparins does not always require monitoring through blood tests.

Low molecular weight heparins work by binding to a natural anticoagulant called antithrombin, which then rapidly blocks the action of two of the 12 clot-promoting proteins in the blood. These medications are administered via injection under the skin, either once or twice per day. While laboratory monitoring can measure the inhibitory activity of the clotting protein, low molecular weight heparins are generally considered safer during pregnancy as they do not cross the placenta.

Fondaparinux: A Synthetic Blood Thinner

Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is a synthetic blood thinner that acts similarly to low molecular weight heparin. It works by blocking the clotting activity of a specific blood clotting protein, known as factor X. Fondaparinux is administered via a daily injection under the skin, and its inhibitory activity can be measured through a blood test.

Fondaparinux can be used to prevent blood clots, treat new blood clots, and serve as a bridging therapy for patients starting on oral blood thinners like warfarin. It can also be an alternative to warfarin for patients who have experienced recurrent blood clots despite therapeutic warfarin treatment.

Heparin: The Traditional Injectable Anticoagulant

Heparin is a well-established injectable anticoagulant that has been used for decades. It is available as a solution (liquid) to be injected intravenously (into a vein) or deeply under the skin. Heparin should not be injected into a muscle. The frequency of administration can vary, ranging from once to six times per day, or as a continuous infusion into the vein.

Heparin works by activating antithrombin, which then inhibits the activity of several clotting factors, ultimately preventing the formation of blood clots. Unlike low molecular weight heparins, the effect of heparin requires regular monitoring through blood tests to ensure the appropriate dose is maintained.

Choosing the Appropriate Injectable Anticoagulant

The selection of an injectable anticoagulant depends on various factors, including the specific medical condition, the risk of bleeding, the need for laboratory monitoring, and the patient’s preferences. Healthcare providers carefully evaluate these factors to determine the most appropriate injectable blood thinner for each individual patient.

Bridging Therapy and Transitioning to Oral Anticoagulants

Injectable anticoagulants, such as low molecular weight heparins and fondaparinux, can serve as “bridging therapy” when a patient is transitioning from one anticoagulant medication to another, particularly when switching from an injectable to an oral blood thinner like warfarin. This bridging approach helps maintain effective anticoagulation during the transition period.

Tailoring Treatment to Individual Needs

The choice of an injectable anticoagulant is a collaborative decision between the healthcare provider and the patient. Factors such as the patient’s medical history, any underlying conditions, and personal preferences are all taken into consideration to ensure the most appropriate and effective treatment plan.

Ultimately, the goal of injectable anticoagulant therapy is to provide effective and safe blood clot prevention and treatment, while minimizing the risk of complications. Patients are encouraged to work closely with their healthcare team to understand the benefits and potential risks of each injectable blood thinner option and to make an informed decision that aligns with their individual needs and preferences.

Injectable Anticoagulants | Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center

Clotting Disorder Treatments

Enoxaparin (Lovenox), Dalteparin (Fragmin)

The low molecular weight heparin category of blood thinners includes medicines such as enoxaparin and dalteparin. Enoxaparin was approved by the FDA in 1993 and dalteparin in 1994.

Low molecular weight heparin injectable anticoagulant blood thinners are used for both the treatment and prevention of clots. They are produced by chemically breaking down heparin into smaller-sized molecules. Unlike heparin, the effect of low molecular weight heparins does not always need to be monitored with blood tests.

Low molecular weight heparins prevent blood clots from forming by binding to a natural anticoagulant called antithrombin, which is then able to rapidly block the action of two of the 12 clot-promoting proteins in the blood.

Low molecular weight heparins are administered via injection under the skin once or twice per day. Laboratory monitoring by a blood test can measure the inhibitory activity of the clotting protein (called an anti-FXa assay). Low molecular weight heparins do not cross the placenta and are therefore safe to use during pregnancy for the prevention of clotting complications.

Since the effective blood-thinning action of low molecular weight heparins occurs within two to three doses, it is also used as a bridging therapy when a patient is started on an oral blood thinner such as warfarin.

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

Fondaparinux is a synthetic blood thinner, acting similarly to low molecular weight heparin. It blocks the clotting activity of a blood clotting protein (factor X), and it is administered via an injection under the skin once daily.

Laboratory monitoring with a blood test can measure the inhibitory activity of the clotting protein. Fondaparinux can be used to prevent blood clots, treat new blood clots, and as bridging therapy for a patient starting warfarin. It can also be used as an alternative to warfarin in patients who have had a recurrent blood clot in spite of therapeutic warfarin.

Call the IHTC to learn more about the best clotting disorder treatment options for you or your child.

Heparin Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Heparin comes as a solution (liquid) to be injected intravenously (into a vein) or deeply under the skin and as a dilute (less concentrated) solution to be injected into intravenous catheters. Heparin should not be injected into a muscle. Heparin is sometimes injected one to six times a day and sometimes given as a slow, continuous injection into the vein. When heparin is used to prevent blood clots from forming in intravenous catheters, it is usually used when the catheter is first put in place, and every time that blood is drawn out of the catheter or medication is given through the catheter.

Heparin may be given to you by a nurse or other healthcare provider, or you may be told to inject the medication by yourself at home. If you will be injecting heparin yourself, a healthcare provider will show you how to inject the medication. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you do not understand these directions or have any questions about where on your body you should inject heparin, how to give the injection, or how to dispose of used needles and syringes after you inject the medication.

If you will be injecting heparin yourself, follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use heparin exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Heparin solution comes in different strengths, and using the wrong strength may cause serious problems. Before giving an injection of heparin, check the package label to make sure it is the strength of heparin solution that your doctor prescribed for you. If the strength of heparin is not correct do not use the heparin and call your doctor or pharmacist right away.

Your doctor may increase or decrease your dose during your heparin treatment. If you will be injecting heparin yourself, be sure you know how much medication you should use.

Differences, similarities, and which is better for you

Drug overview & main differences | Conditions treated | Efficacy | Insurance coverage and cost comparison | Side effects | Drug interactions | Warnings | FAQ

You may be prescribed Lovenox (enoxaparin) or heparin to treat or prevent a blood clot. Lovenox and heparin are both injectable drugs that are part of a larger group of medications called anticoagulants. As anticoagulants, or blood thinners, Lovenox and heparin help treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Both Lovenox and heparin have a similar mechanism of action. They work by binding to a small protein molecule called antithrombin and blocking the actions of thrombin, factor Xa, and other enzymes involved in blood clotting. Although Lovenox is classified as a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), it is not the same as standard heparin.

What are the main differences between Lovenox and heparin?

Lovenox is the brand name for enoxaparin. It is a LMWH manufactured by Sanofi-Aventis. Lovenox is injected subcutaneously (under the skin), and it is available in two concentrations: 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml.

Prefilled syringes of Lovenox come in a variety of strengths and is also available in 300 mg/3 ml multiple-dose vials.

Lovenox has a half-life of around 4.5 to 7 hours after administration, and its anticoagulant effects last up to 12 hours. Because of its long half-life and predictable effects, Lovenox does not need extensive monitoring or supervision to use it.

Heparin, also known as standard heparin or unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a generic injection. Heparin also goes by brand names such as Hep-Lock.

Heparin is usually administered intravenously (through a vein) or subcutaneously (under the skin). It is available in single-dose and multiple-dose forms with varying strengths that may include 1,000 USP units/ml, 5,000 USP units/ml, and 10,000 USP units/ml.

Compared to Lovenox, heparin has a shorter half-life of 0.5 to 2 hours. Heparin needs to be given more often than Lovenox, and it’s usually administered in a hospital setting. The anticoagulant effects of heparin need to be monitored because its effects are more unpredictable than low molecular weight heparin.

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Conditions treated by Lovenox and heparin

Both Lovenox and heparin are approved in the U. S. for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a condition that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood clots can often form in the legs or arms (deep vein thrombosis/DVT) and can travel to the lungs where they become lodged in blood vessels (pulmonary embolism/PE).

Lovenox and heparin are also used for the prevention of blood clots, especially after a surgery such as a knee surgery or hip replacement surgery. Bed rest after surgery is one of the biggest risk factors for blood clots. Other risk factors for blood clots include a family history of blood-clotting disorders, pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and cancer.

Heparin is also approved to prevent and treat blood clots that may form from atrial fibrillation. Conversely, Lovenox is approved to treat and prevent complications in people who experience certain types of chest pain (unstable angina) and heart attacks (non-Q-wave myocardial infarction).

Is Lovenox or heparin more effective?

Lovenox and heparin are both effective for treating and preventing blood clots. They work in similar ways to allow blood to flow more freely. Preference for one drug over the other depends on cost, side effects, and administration.

Compared to heparin, Lovenox has a longer half-life. Meaning, it lasts longer and can be administered once daily. Dosing is more predictable with Lovenox, although patients with a high body weight need more frequent dosing, such as one injection two times daily.

In a meta-analysis from the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin were compared for preventing blood clots in hospitalized patients. Four clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis and evaluated a total of 3,600 patients. Results found that, compared to heparin, enoxaparin significantly reduced blood clots without increasing the risk of major bleeding.

One caveat to using Lovenox is that its dosage needs to be adjusted in patients with renal failure. Otherwise, there is an increased risk of bleeding. In clinical practice, unfractionated heparin is preferred for people with kidney impairment.

Your doctor will prescribe the best anticoagulant for your condition. The most effective anticoagulant will be determined based on your overall medical history.

Coverage and cost comparison of Lovenox vs. heparin

Most Medicare and insurance plans will cover Lovenox. However, insurance is more likely to cover generic Lovenox, and they might not cover the full cost. The average retail price of Lovenox is around $380. If you’re purchasing Lovenox injections for home use from the pharmacy, you can use a Lovenox SingleCare card to save money. Instead of paying full price for Lovenox, you could pay less than $75 for 10 generic prefilled syringes.

Heparin is usually covered by Medicare and insurance plans. It also tends to be less expensive than Lovenox. Still, the average retail price of heparin is $120, depending on the quantity and dosage. With a SingleCare coupon, you can get it for less than $50 at participating pharmacies.

Get the pharmacy discount card

Common side effects of Lovenox vs.

heparin

The most common side effect of Lovenox and heparin is injection site reactions. After administering Lovenox or heparin injections, you may experience pain, discomfort, irritation, or swelling around the area of injection. However, these side effects tend to be mild and go away on their own.

Since Lovenox and heparin prevent blood clots, they may cause bleeding side effects. While using Lovenox or heparin, you may experience more frequent bruising. Anticoagulants can also cause severe bleeding. Signs of severe bleeding include heavy bruising and blood in the stool or urine. Seek medical attention if you experience signs of severe bleeding.

See the chart below for other common side effects.

*not reported
Frequency is not based on data from a head-to-head trial. This may not be a complete list of adverse effects that can occur. Please refer to your doctor or healthcare provider to learn more.
Source: DailyMed (Lovenox), DailyMed (Heparin)

Drug interactions of Lovenox vs. heparin

Lovenox and heparin have similar drug interactions. Platelet inhibitors, or antiplatelet agents, are a different class of drugs that can also help prevent blood clots. Combining antiplatelets like clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel with Lovenox or heparin can increase the risk of bleeding.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can affect the function of platelets. The risk of bleeding may be increased when taking NSAIDs together with Lovenox or heparin. Tell your doctor if you’re taking NSAIDs before starting treatment on Lovenox or heparin.

Consult a healthcare professional for other possible drug interactions

Warnings of Lovenox and heparin

Anticoagulants like Lovenox and heparin can increase the risk of major bleeding, or hemorrhage. Bleeding can be severe and is often indicated by signs such as blood in the urine or stool. The risk of bleeding may also be higher in people with a history of bleeding disorders.

Heparin can cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a serious condition characterized by a low platelet count. While people don’t usually experience clear symptoms of HIT, it is a potentially life-threatening complication that can result in severe bleeding or death. Compared to Lovenox, heparin has a higher risk of HIT. Heparin use is often monitored more closely for this reason.

Lovenox carries an increased risk of spinal epidural hematoma, or a collection of blood around the spinal cord. A spinal epidural hematoma can lead to complications or paralysis. The risk is increased if you’ve had a past or recurring spinal or epidural puncture; you’re taking NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and anticoagulants; or you have an indwelling epidural catheter.

Consult your healthcare provider for other precautions associated with Lovenox and heparin.

Frequently asked questions about Lovenox vs. heparin

What is Lovenox?

Lovenox is an injectable anticoagulant, or blood thinner. It is also classified as a low molecular weight heparin. Lovenox is available in concentrations of 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml. It is usually administered once or twice daily as a subcutaneous injection. The generic name of Lovenox is enoxaparin.

What is heparin?

Heparin is also known as standard or unfractionated heparin. It is available in generic or brand-name versions. Heparin is administered as an intravenous or subcutaneous injection. It is usually given in a hospital setting, although some forms of heparin can be administered at home.

Are Lovenox and heparin the same?

Lovenox and heparin are not the same. Lovenox is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), which is different from standard or unfractionated heparin (UFH). Although Lovenox and heparin are both anticoagulants, they have differences in formulation and FDA-approved uses.

Is Lovenox or heparin better?

Lovenox and heparin are both effective for treating and preventing blood-clotting conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Lovenox has more predictable dosing and monitoring parameters and thus, it’s more preferred for home use. The long half-life of Lovenox means it can be dosed once daily.

Compared to Lovenox, heparin needs to be dosed more frequently and at higher doses because of its short half-life. Heparin is less expensive than Lovenox, and it’s usually administered in a hospital setting where monitoring for adverse effects is easier.

Can I use Lovenox or heparin while pregnant?

Lovenox or heparin are generally safe and effective for treating thromboembolic disorders during pregnancy. Both anticoagulants do not cross the placenta. However, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), like Lovenox, are preferred for treating blood clots in pregnant women.

Can I use Lovenox or heparin with alcohol?

Healthcare providers recommend limiting or avoiding alcohol while using Lovenox or heparin. Alcohol can act as a blood thinner, which may lead to an increased risk of bleeding when alcohol is combined with an anticoagulant drug.

What can be used instead of heparin?

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are often used instead of heparin. Lovenox (enoxaparin), Fragmin (dalteparin), and Innohep (tinzaparin) are examples of LMWHs that can be used to treat or prevent blood clots. Arixtra (fondaparinux) is another antithrombotic agent, different from LMWH and UFH, that can inhibit factor Xa and treat blood clots.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which come in pill form, are also widely used instead of heparin. Examples of DOACs include Xarelto (rivaroxaban), Pradaxa (dabigatran), and Eliquis (apixaban).

What is Lovenox used for?

Lovenox (enoxaparin) is used for anticoagulation and thromboprophylaxis. It can help treat or prevent blood clots that could form in blood vessels. Lovenox can help treat blood clots that form in the legs or arms (deep vein thrombosis) or clots that become lodged in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). Lovenox is also useful for preventing complications from unstable angina and certain types of heart attacks.

Is Lovenox a high-risk medication?

Lovenox is a high-risk, or high-alert medication. Although it is generally a safe medication, Lovenox can cause serious injury and complications if used incorrectly. If Lovenox is given in too high of a dose, there is an increased risk of bleeding and adverse effects. Lovenox should only be used with a prescription and appropriate guidance from a healthcare provider.

Types, Side Effects and Drug Interactions

Doctors often prescribe blood thinners to people with existing health conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, as well as those who are at a greater risk for such conditions. Blood thinners can also be prescribed after some surgeries, such as hip or knee replacement surgery.

Blood thinners can prevent clotting and stave off growth of existing clots, but they are not without risks. Bleeding is the primary risk associated with blood thinners. This potential side effect can be mild or serious, ranging from bruising to hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding in the brain that requires emergency care.

Patients taking blood thinners should always defer to their doctors about the risks and benefits of the prescribed medication. It is also wise to take blood thinners exactly as prescribed to avoid any unnecessary risks or side effects.

What Are Blood Thinners?

Blood thinners are medications used to prevent blood clots from forming. They can also keep existing clots from getting larger and blocking more blood flow through the body’s vessels. These medications, when used correctly, prevent blood clots, heart attacks, strokes, and other heart- and blood vessel-related complications.

The two main types of blood thinners are anticoagulants, which include warfarin and heparin, and antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin.

When Are Blood Thinners Prescribed?

Blood thinners are prescribed to treat a variety of health conditions that can cause blood clots.

Clots that form in the arteries, veins and heart can lead to heart attacks, strokes and blockages that can cause other health problems.

Signs and symptoms of blood clots in the arms and legs include swelling, warm sensations, inflammation or redness, pain or tenderness, and skin discoloration on the surface of the skin of the affected area.

Symptoms may vary or become worse when the clot forms deeper in the veins, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or travels to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism (PE). If the clot affects other parts of the body, such as the heart, kidneys or brain, symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath, headaches, and dizziness.

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of irregular heartbeat that is often treated with blood thinners. People with this condition are five times more likely than those without AFib to suffer from a stroke. Patients with AFib who have a stroke are also more likely to experience permanent disability.

Your doctor may prescribe a blood thinner if you have any of the following conditions:

• Heart disease
• 
  Atrial fibrillation
• 
  Diseases of the blood vessels, such as DVT or PE
• 
  Heart valve replacement
• 
  Congenital heart defects
• 
  Post-surgery when there’s a risk of blood clots

IVC Filter Information

People who are at risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism are candidates for IVC filters, a small metal device designed to prevent blood clots from entering the heart and lungs.

Learn More

How Do They Work?

Blood thinners do not actually “thin” the blood. Instead, they help blood flow smoothly through blood vessels and work to reduce a person’s risk of forming blood clots.

Blood thinners do not dissolve or break up existing clots. But they can prevent existing clots from getting larger.

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Blood thinners work in different ways. Some act by blocking or weakening vitamin K and its blood clotting effects. Others block proteins or enzymes that bind blood cells and platelets.

One type of blood thinner also works to keep platelets from sticking together or to the walls of blood vessels.

Types of Blood Thinners

There are a variety of blood thinners, both new and old, that fall under two categories. The first group of blood thinner medications is called anticoagulants. “Anti” means against and “coagulant” means to thicken into a gel or solid. Coagulation is the process of blood clotting.

Warfarin is an anticoagulant blood thinner.

Warfarin is an anticoagulant blood thinner that has been around since the 1950s. Despite the fact that newer blood thinners are now on the market, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has estimated that approximately two million people still take warfarin.

But even with the continued popularity of this tried-and-true anticoagulant, a newer class of blood thinners has been introduced in recent years. Pradaxa, Xarelto, Eliquis and Savaysa are among the blood thinners approved by the FDA since 2010.

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants slow the body’s process of making clots by targeting clotting factors — proteins thrombin and fibrin — and vitamin K.

Types of Anticoagulant Drugs

Heparin

Heparin is a fast-acting liquid medication administered by injection. It prevents the blood-clotting proteins thrombin and fibrin from working to form clots.

Lovenox (enoxaparin)

This injectable blood thinner is also made from heparin but produces a more predictable anticoagulant response. This means it does not require the close monitoring needed with heparin. Patients can therefore administer the medication at home themselves.

Pradaxa (dabigatran)

Pradaxa, which hit the market in 2010, belongs to a newer class of blood thinners. Taken by mouth, the anticoagulant works by inhibiting the clotting effects of the enzyme thrombin.

Eliquis (apixaban)

Approved in 2012, this blood thinner belongs to the same class of oral medications as Pradaxa. Eliquis acts on an enzyme — Factor Xa — that plays a role in the production of thrombin.

Xarelto (rivaroxaban) and Savaysa (edoxaban)

Xarelto was approved in 2011 and Savaysa in 2015. Both of these medicines also block Xa.

Coumadin (warfarin)

Coumadin is the oldest of the blood thinners. Warfarin’s discovery began in the early 1920s with mysterious hemorrhaging cattle and ended with the development of an anticoagulant medicine that blocks the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Its antidote is vitamin K.

Elmiron Information

Elmiron, or pentosan polysulfate sodium, is a weak anticoagulant. This means it works like a blood thinner and makes it harder for blood to clot.

Learn More

Antiplatelet Drugs

Antiplatelet drugs make up the second group of blood thinners. Platelets — also called thrombocytes — are a component of the blood that stops bleeding by clumping together at the site of blood vessel injuries.

Antiplatelet drugs prevent platelets from clumping together to form a clot. Many of these medications act on receptors, proteins that receive chemical signals and cause cells to bind, to achieve this effect.

Antiplatelet medications are not often prescribed to patients with existing blood clots. Instead, they may be used to treat individuals who are at risk of blood clot formation.

Types of Antiplatelet Drugs

Plavix (clopidogrel)

This antiplatelet drug works by binding to P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors, thereby limiting the ability of platelets to clump together. Its effects are irreversible.

Effient (prasugrel)

This medication also works by binding to P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors and limiting platelets’ ability to clump together. Its effects are irreversible.

Brilinta (ticagrelor)

This antiplatelet drug interacts with the P2Y12 ADP receptor to keep platelets from sticking together. Its effects, unlike those of Plavix and Effient, are reversible.

Persantine (dipyridamole)

This medication stimulates the production of a group of fatty acids collectively called prostacyclin. This stimulation helps to block platelet activation.

Aspirin

Aspirin’s effects and mechanisms of action vary with the dose given to the patient. This medication is sold under various brand names, such as Aspir, Ecotrin, Bayer and Easprin.

Aspirin is often given to people experiencing a heart attack because it can quickly and powerfully inhibit platelet activity and the growth of the blood clot, thereby maintaining some measure of blood flow. Studies show that chewing the tablet has a faster effect than swallowing it.

Natural Blood Thinners

Natural blood thinners are any non-medication sources that slow or prevent blood clotting; however, these substances should not be used as a substitute for prescription anticoagulants or antiplatelets. These natural blood thinners might include alcohol and certain foods and herbs, such as garlic, ginger, celery seed and aniseed.

Even water can naturally thin the blood. Dehydration causes the blood to thicken, which can lead to an increased risk of clots. So drinking plenty of water can be good for cardiovascular health.

If you are taking blood thinner medications, you should check with your doctor before taking herbal supplements.

Combining blood thinner medications with natural blood thinners can result in an increased risk for bleeding and other unwanted side effects or complications.

Foods to Limit When Taking Blood Thinners

Foods, herbs and spices, and oils containing high amounts of vitamin E, salicylates, natural antibiotics or omega-3 fatty acids have natural blood-thinning properties.

On the flip side, foods high in vitamin K can interfere with the way your blood thinner medication works, especially if you are taking warfarin.

Foods rich in vitamin K include leafy green vegetables, saturated fats, and cultured foods with live bacteria.

Foods to Limit while Taking Blood Thinners

• Spinach
• 
  Kale
• 
  Swiss chard
• 
  Parsley
• 
  Cabbage
• 
  Endive
• 
  Vitamin E supplements
• 
  Asparagus
• 
  Dietary supplements with vitamin K

If you are already taking a blood thinner medication, you should talk to your doctor about any dietary concerns.

Blood Thinners and Alcohol

Alcohol may interact with blood thinners by either decreasing or increasing the anticoagulation effects of the drugs. For example, people who drink while taking warfarin may be at risk of excessive bleeding because alcohol can enhance drug’s anticoagulation effects.

Alternately, chronic drinkers may metabolize warfarin more quickly, causing them to need a higher dose for the same therapeutic effect. Either way, warfarin and alcohol are a dangerous mix.

Blood Thinner Side Effects

Possible side effects of blood thinners include uncontrolled internal bleeding, bruising and rash.

Get help immediately if:

• Your urine turns dark red or dark brown
• 
  Your stools turn red, dark brown or black
• 
  You bleed more than normal during your period
• 
  You are coughing up blood
• 
  Your gums or nose bleeds and doesn’t stop quickly
• 
  You experience bad headaches or stomach pain that doesn’t go away
• 
  You are feeling sick, weak, faint or dizzy
• 
  You have an increase in bruises or blood blisters
• 
  You have a cut that doesn’t stop bleeding

Internal bleeding, or hemorrhaging, is an emergency condition that requires prompt medical attention.

Anticoagulant medicines – NHS

Anticoagulants are medicines that help prevent blood clots. They’re given to people at a high risk of getting clots, to reduce their chances of developing serious conditions such as strokes and heart attacks.

A blood clot is a seal created by the blood to stop bleeding from wounds. While they’re useful in stopping bleeding, they can block blood vessels and stop blood flowing to organs such as the brain, heart or lungs if they form in the wrong place.

Anticoagulants work by interrupting the process involved in the formation of blood clots. They’re sometimes called “blood-thinning” medicines, although they don’t actually make the blood thinner.

Although they’re used for similar purposes, anticoagulants are different to antiplatelet medicines, such as low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel.

Types of anticoagulants

The most commonly prescribed anticoagulant is warfarin.

Newer types of anticoagulants are also available and are becoming increasingly common. These include:

• rivaroxaban (Xarelto) 
• dabigatran (Pradaxa) 
• apixaban (Eliquis)
• edoxaban (Lixiana)

Warfarin and the newer alternatives are taken as tablets or capsules. There’s also an anticoagulant called heparin that can be given by injection.

When anticoagulants are used

If a blood clot blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel, the affected part of the body will become starved of oxygen and will stop working properly.

Depending on where the clot forms, this can lead to serious problems such as:

Treatment with anticoagulants may be recommended if your doctor feels you’re at an increased risk of developing one of these problems. This may be because you’ve had blood clots in the past or you’ve been diagnosed with a condition such as atrial fibrillation that can cause blood clots to form.

You may also be prescribed an anticoagulant if you’ve recently had surgery, as the period of rest and inactivity you need during your recovery can increase your risk of developing a blood clot.

Read more about when anticoagulants are used.

How to take anticoagulants

Your doctor or nurse should tell you how much of your anticoagulant medicine to take and when to take it. 

Most people need to take their tablets or capsules once or twice a day with water or food.

The length of time you need to keep taking your medicine for depends on why it’s been prescribed. In many cases, treatment will be lifelong.

If you’re unsure how to take your medicine, or are worried that you missed a dose or have taken too much, check the patient information leaflet that comes with it or ask your GP, anticoagulant clinic or pharmacist what to do. You can also call NHS 111 for advice.

Read more about anticoagulant doses.

Things to consider when taking anticoagulants

There are several things you need to be aware of when taking anticoagulant medicines.

If you’re going to have surgery or a test such as an endoscopy, make sure your doctor or surgeon is aware that you’re taking anticoagulants, as you may have to stop taking them for a short time.

Speak to your GP, anticoagulant clinic or pharmacist before taking any other medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, as some medications can affect how your anticoagulant works.

If you’re taking warfarin, you’ll also need to avoid making significant changes to what you normally eat and drink, as this can affect your medication.

Most anticoagulant medicines aren’t suitable for pregnant women. Speak to your GP or anticoagulant clinic if you become pregnant or are planning to try for a baby while taking anticoagulants.

Read more about things to consider when taking anticoagulants.

Side effects of anticoagulants

Like all medicines, there’s a risk of experiencing side effects while taking anticoagulants.

The main side effect is that you can bleed too easily, which can cause problems such as:

For most people, the benefits of taking anticoagulants will outweigh the risk of excessive bleeding.

Read more about the side effects of anticoagulants.

Page last reviewed: 31 May 2018
Next review due: 31 May 2021

How to Self-Inject Lovenox® Instructional Video

NURSE, VOICE-OVER:

Lovenox can help reduce the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) blood clots, which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, hip- or knee-replacement surgery,
or in acutely ill medical patients with severely restricted mobility.

If you are receiving epidural or spinal anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture, and taking Lovenox (enoxaparin sodium injection), you may be at increased risk of developing a blood clot in or around the spine, which can result in long-term
paralysis. Your risk may be further increased if you:

Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulants, such as aspirin or blood thinners · Have an indwelling epidural catheter · Have a history of spinal trauma, or repeated spinal
anesthesia or punctures · Have a history of spinal deformities or spinal surgery.

It is important to contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms such as tingling, numbness (especially in the lower limbs), or muscular weakness.

Please see Important Safety Information for Lovenox at the end of this video. Please see full Prescribing Information for Lovenox, including Boxed WARNING at Lovenox.com.

NURSE: (Actor Portrayal)

Hi there. You’ve just been prescribed Lovenox, or Winthrop’s Enoxaparin Sodium Injection, an authorized generic. As you have already discussed with your healthcare professional, Lovenox helps to prevent a DVT blood clot, also
called deep vein thrombosis.

NURSE, VOICE-OVER:

These blood clots form in the deep veins of your legs, and if a clot breaks free and travels to your lungs, it could cause a pulmonary embolism, which has the potential to be fatal.

Your risk is higher if you have certain health conditions, or if you’ve just been hospitalized, or have been spending an extended period of time off your feet.

NURSE:

That’s why it’s important to continue these injections on your own. You’ve probably already been taught how to self-inject by your healthcare professional, but this video may also be a helpful reference. This video is
intended to help you understand the steps of how to inject, so you feel more comfortable with the process. And whether you’re using Lovenox or the authorized generic, Winthrop’s Enoxaparin Sodium Injection, which is identical
by design, the steps are the same. To walk you through the process, let me introduce you to Amy, a person like you who’s also using Lovenox.

PATIENT: (Actor Portrayal)

Hey, I’m Amy. I’m going to show you how I inject Lovenox, the same way my healthcare professional showed me. I‘ll be going over the steps you need to know.

PATIENT, VOICE-OVER:

Be sure to tell your doctors and dentists about all of the medications you are taking, including those you are taking without a prescription, such as aspirin or other NSAIDs. Also, be sure to tell your healthcare professionals you are
taking Lovenox before any surgery is scheduled and before any new drug is taken.

PATIENT:

You can always call your healthcare professional if you have any questions or concerns. Remember, you can also talk to your pharmacist when you pick up your prescription.

Lovenox pre-filled syringes come in different doses and strengths, so your packaging and syringe may not look exactly like mine, but the process for injecting is the same.

If you don’t feel comfortable injecting Lovenox yourself, you can have a family member or a caregiver do it—just make sure they’ve been shown how by a healthcare professional.

PATIENT, VOICE-OVER:

Make sure you inject Lovenox exactly how your healthcare professional prescribed, for the exact number of days. Be sure to take each dose at the same time every day, and don’t skip any doses.

PATIENT:

Okay, let’s get started. Make sure you’ve washed your hands, and then find a place where you can sit or lie down comfortably and see your stomach.

Next, find a spot on the left or right side of your abdomen at least two inches away from your belly button.

Make sure to alternate sides with each injection, and don’t inject into a rash, or any scarred or bruised tissue.

Grab an alcohol swab and clean the spot where you’re going to inject. Let it dry completely to help avoid any stinging.

Now, grab the syringe and remove the cap from the needle. Make sure you pull it straight off and don’t twist it to avoid bending the needle. You’ll see that the needle is small and thin, just big enough to reach the fatty tissue
right underneath the skin. Be careful not to set the needle down, or let it touch anything, to make sure it remains clean.

There’s a small bubble inside the syringe. Don’t expel the air bubble unless your healthcare professional instructs you to adjust your dose. It’s safe to give yourself the injection even with the air bubble.

PATIENT, VOICE-OVER:

If your healthcare professional has prescribed less than a full syringe, point the needle down, keep a careful eye on the numbers and expel the excess portion until the dosage in the syringe is the same that your healthcare professional
has prescribed.

PATIENT:

Now go ahead and place the syringe in the hand you write with, and hold it like a pencil. Use your other hand to make a fold in your skin by pinching an inch of the cleaned area on your abdomen. Then, insert the full length of the needle
straight into the fold at a 90-degree angle.

Press the plunger down with your thumb until the syringe is completely empty. It’s important to keep pinching that fold of skin until the injection is done—that way the medication doesn’t enter any muscle, which could
be painful.

Once the syringe is empty, pull the needle straight out and then let go of your skin. Don’t try to put the needle cap back on the syringe after the injection.

Point the syringe away from you and anyone else around you, keeping your finger on the plunger rod. Then activate the safety shield by firmly pushing down on the plunger rod until you hear a click.

Place the used syringe and cap in your sharps disposal container, and now the injection is finished.

PATIENT, VOICE-OVER:

Never throw away a used syringe, and never put the sharps container into the regular garbage — also, never reuse syringes.

You should call your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following: unusual bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, unusual bruising, signs of thrombocytopenia (such as a rash or dark spots under the skin), tingling or numbness
(especially in the lower limbs), and muscular weakness. Do not stop taking Lovenox without first talking to the doctor who prescribed it for you. For specific questions about your health, you should always consult your doctor or a
qualified healthcare professional who is responsible for your care.

PATIENT:

Okay, that’s it—all done! I hope this demonstration helps.

If you have any questions, talk to your healthcare professional or call the Lovenox Patient Support Line at 1-800-633-1610, option 1. Keep watching to learn additional Important Safety Information for Lovenox.

Lovenox Important Safety Information and Indications

NURSE, VOICE-OVER:

Important Safety Information for Lovenox^®

If you are receiving epidural or spinal anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture, and taking Lovenox (enoxaparin sodium injection), you may be at increased risk of developing a blood clot in or around the spine, which can result in long-term paralysis. Your risk may be further increased if you:

• Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulants, such as aspirin or blood thinners
• Have an indwelling epidural catheter
• Have a history of spinal trauma, or repeated spinal anesthesia or punctures
• Have a history of spinal deformities or spinal surgery

It is important to contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms such as tingling, numbness (especially in the lower limbs), or muscular weakness.

Lovenox should not be used in patients who are actively bleeding or who have a low count of blood cells called platelets, which aid in clotting. This is a condition called “thrombocytopenia.” Lovenox also should not be used in patients who are allergic or sensitive to Lovenox or enoxaparin, heparin, or pork products.

Lovenox must be used with care in patients who have any of the following: problems with clotting, uncontrolled high blood pressure, a recent ulcer, impaired vision due to diabetes, kidney problems, and excessive bleeding. Pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic (artificial) heart valves may be at higher risk for blood clots. These patients who are treated with Lovenox must be carefully monitored by their doctor.

Some patients on Lovenox can experience drops in their platelet counts, a condition called “thrombocytopenia.” Also, a serious but rare condition called “heparin-induced thrombocytopenia” can occur with Lovenox. If you have had this condition, you must promptly notify your healthcare professional.

Lovenox alters the blood’s ability to clot. Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage), leading to death, has occurred with Lovenox. Bleeding can occur at any site with Lovenox use. The use of aspirin and other NSAIDs may enhance the risk of excessive bleeding. Be sure to tell all your doctors and dentist about all of the medications you are taking, including those you are taking without a prescription, such as aspirin or other NSAIDs. Also be sure to tell your doctor or dentist you are taking Lovenox before any surgery is scheduled and before any new drug is taken.

All patients should be carefully monitored by their doctor while taking Lovenox. Your doctor is likely to obtain blood tests that measure your blood count and check for signs of hidden bleeding while you are on Lovenox.

You should call your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following: unusual bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, unusual bruising, signs of thrombocytopenia (such as a rash or dark spots under the skin), tingling or numbness (especially in the lower limbs), or muscular weakness.

The most common side effects from the use of Lovenox are local irritation, pain, bruising, or redness of the skin at the site of injection. Other common side effects include bleeding, anemia, diarrhea, nausea, ecchymosis, fever, edema, peripheral edema, dyspnea, confusion.

Do not stop taking Lovenox without first talking to the doctor who prescribed it for you.

For specific questions about your health, you should always consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional who is responsible for your care.

For more information, call sanofi-aventis U.S. Medical Information Services at 1-800-633-1610.

Indications:

Lovenox can help reduce the risk of developing DVT blood clots, which may lead to PE, in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, hip- or knee-replacement surgery, or in acutely ill medical patients with severely restricted mobility.

Please see Full Prescribing Information, including boxed WARNING, for additional important information.

Prescription Lovenox is available in pharmacies.

Click here for information on Sharps Medical Waste Disposal.

Injectable Anticoagulants or Blood thinners

Some anticoagulants are administered via injection. These include heparin, low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux, lepirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban, danaparoid and drotrecogin alfa.

Heparin

Heparin inhibits two clotting factors Xa and IIa (Normally there are XIII factors in blood clotting mechanism), thus preventing clot formation. It is administered either into a vein or under the skin by a deep subcutaneous injection. It can be safely used during pregnancy. Its effect is monitored using a blood test called activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Normally the aPTT is between 26 to 32 seconds in a normal individual. A patient on heparin is maintained on an aPTT of 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal or pretreatment value.

Side effects of Heparin – The main side effect of heparin is bleeding. It may also cause other side effects like decrease in the number of platelets, liver enzyme abnormalities, hair loss and allergic reactions. Osteoporosis or thinning of bone may result from high dose prolonged treatment.

Where should Heaprin be not used – It should not be used in any condition where there could be a risk of serious bleeding. Such conditions include bleeding disorders, severe hypertension, stomach ulcers, piles, large cancers, tuberculosis, and eye and brain surgery. It should also not be used in patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis (infection of heart valves), liver or kidney disease, or those who developed low platelet level with heparin treatment in the past. It should be used cautiously with other drugs that cause bleeding such as aspirin.

Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)

These include drugs such as enoxaparin (Brand name Lovenox), reviparin (Brand name Clivarine), nadroparin (Brand name Fraxiparine), dalteparin (Brand name Fragmin), pamparin (Brand name Fluxum), tinzaparin (Brand name Innohep) and ardeparin (Brand name Indeparin). These drugs are derived from heparin and have some benefits over the standard heparin.

• They inhibit only clotting factor Xa and reduce platelet levels less frequently. Thus they could cause less bleeding.
• They are better absorbed from a subcutaneous injection.
• Their effect lasts for a longer time, hence they may be administered once or twice a day. Their effect is more predictable, hence repeated monitoring of aPTT is not required.

90,000 Blood thinners for the initial treatment of thrombosis in cancer patients

Relevance

Cancer patients are at increased risk of blood clots. A blood thinner (anticoagulant) that is given in the first few days after a thrombus is detected can be unfractionated heparin (given through a vein), low molecular weight heparin (given under the skin once or twice a day; dalteparin and tinzaparin are two different types of low molecular weight heparin) or fondaparinux (injected under the skin once a day).These medicines can have different efficacy and safety profiles.

Research characteristics

We searched scientific databases for clinical trials comparing different anticoagulants in people with cancer and confirmed deep vein thrombosis (blood clots in the legs) or pulmonary thrombosis (blood clots in the lungs). We included trials in adults and children with either solid tumors or blood cancers, regardless of the type of cancer treatment.The trials looked at outcomes such as death, re-clotting, and bleeding. The evidence is current as of January 2018. We included 15 tests.

Highlights

In this systematic review, data from five studies involving 422 people suggest that the effect of low molecular weight heparin on mortality compared to unfractionated heparin is uncertain or the size of the effect is small. There is insufficient evidence to support superiority in reducing the recurrence of blood clots [re-clotting] or the risk of bleeding. We found no data to compare the safety of the two drugs. In addition, it has not been confirmed or excluded that fondaparinux has any significant effect on mortality, blood clots, or bleeding compared to heparins. Similarly, the available evidence did not show any difference between dalteparin and tinzaparin for all outcomes studied.

Certainty of evidence

We rated the certainty of the evidence comparing low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin as moderate for all outcomes assessed.

We rated the certainty of the evidence comparing fondaparinux and heparin as moderate for all outcomes studied.

We rated the certainty of the evidence comparing tinzaparin and dalteparin as low for all outcomes studied.

Injectable blood thinners (anticoagulants) for patients with cancer

Relevance
Evidence from research suggests that blood thinners may improve cancer survival.This benefit may be due to their direct anti-tumor effect in addition to preventing blood clots (blood clots) from forming. However, anticoagulants can also increase the risk of bleeding, which can be serious and decrease survival. Therefore, it is important to understand the pros and cons of treatment so that patients and their doctors are aware of the balance of risks and benefits.

Study Profile
We searched the scientific literature for studies on anticoagulants in people with cancer.The evidence is current to 14 Aug 2017. We have included 19 eligible trials.

Key Findings
We selected 19 clinical trials involving 9650 people with cancer. Most of the trials included participants with different types of cancer, especially small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. All studies were performed on an outpatient basis. The results suggest that the effect of injectable anticoagulants on survival remains uncertain, and if there is an effect, then the size of the effect is small. The results also suggest that injectable anticoagulants reduce the risk of blood clots by about half and possibly increase the risk of major and minor bleeding by 4 per 1000 and 17 per 1000, respectively. The impact on quality of life remains uncertain.

Certainty of Evidence
We rated the certainty of evidence as high for symptomatic venous thromboembolism and minor bleeding, as moderate for mortality, major bleeding, and quality of life.

Editor’s Note: This is a living systematic review. Live systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updates in which the review is continually updated to include relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.

How to inject blood thinning medication subcutaneously using a pre-filled syringe

This information explains how to prepare and administer a subcutaneous injection (shot) of blood thinning medication using a pre-filled syringe.Throughout this material, we use the words “you,” “your,” and “myself” to refer to you or your child.

You need to give yourself injections (shots) of medicine to thin your blood. You will get the syringes already filled with the medicine at your pharmacy. You will use a small, thin needle to inject the medicine into the fatty layer under your skin.

You may receive a pre-filled syringe with a needle already on it, or you may need to put it on yourself. If you received a syringe without a needle, put it on following the instructions in the “Preparing the injection” section.

You will practice preparing and injecting yourself with your nurse. Refer to this resource at home the first few times you inject yourself.

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Drug Information

Drug: _______________________________________
Time of drug administration: _________________________________
Dose and amount: ___________________________________

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Injection preparation

1. Prepare a clean surface on which to place your supplies, such as a kitchen table. Do not use surfaces in the bathroom. Cover the surface with clean, dry paper towels.
2. Check the name and dose of the drug on the pre-filled syringe.
   • For pediatric patients, you may need to discard part of the dose in the pre-filled syringe as directed by your pharmacist. Your child’s nurse will explain if this is necessary before discharge.
3. Prepare everything you need:
   • pre-filled syringe and 27 gauge 1/2 inch needle; or
   • pre-filled syringe with attached needle;
   • 2 alcohol wipes;
   • Sharps disposal container, such as an empty plastic bottle of bleach or detergent with a cap and marked “Household Sharps – Not Recyclable”;
   • gauze or cotton swab 5 x 5 cm;
   • bandages.
4. Wash your hands:
   • If you wash your hands with soap and water, wet them, lather, rub for 15 seconds and rinse. Dry your hands with a disposable towel and turn off the tap with the same towel.
   • If you are using an alcohol-based antiseptic, be sure to apply it all over your hands, including the skin between your fingers, and rub your hands until it dries completely.
5. Check for a needle on the syringe. If not, follow the steps below to slide the needle onto the syringe.

Putting on the needle:

1. Open the package with a new needle, but do not take it out yet; put the opened package on the work surface;
2. remove the black cap from the end of the syringe; make sure that after removing the cap, nothing, including your fingers, touches the end of the syringe; if anything touches the end of the syringe, discard it;
3. remove the needle from the package; Do not remove the protective cap from the needle. Be careful not to touch the needle, including your fingers.If anything touches the needle, discard it in a sharps container.
4. Place the needle on the base of the syringe and turn it clockwise (to the right).

Figure 1. Choice of injection site

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Injection

1. Make sure the correct amount of medication is in the syringe. Do not be alarmed if you see small air bubbles in the syringe.
2. Choose a site for injection from those shown in Figure 1. Remember where you did the previous injection, and choose a different site each time. Change places according to the schedule. Do not inject anywhere less than 2 inches (5 centimeters) from scars, cuts, or wounds.
3. Remove or fold up clothing covering the injection site.
4. Wipe the area to be injected with an alcohol wipe. Let it air dry.Do not fan or blow on the area.
5. Take the syringe with your dominant hand (the hand you write with). With your other hand, remove the protective cap from the needle. Try to keep nothing, not even your fingers, touching the needle. If anything touches the needle, discard it in a sharps container. See the instructions in the “What to do if something touches the needle” section.
6. Take the syringe as if it were a dart dart (between your index and middle fingers on one side and your thumb on the other side).
7. Using your non-dominant hand (the hand you don’t write with), pull 1–2 inches (2.5–5 centimeters) of the skin near the injection site between your thumb and forefinger. Hold the syringe in your other hand.
8. In one swift motion, insert the needle into the skin at a 90 degree (right angle) angle (see Figures 2 and 3).

   Figure 2. Injection injection

   Figure 3. Needle insertion

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What to do if something touches the needle

If using a pre-needle syringe, discard it in a sharps container.Start over with a new pre-filled syringe.

• If you discard a syringe with a pre-attached needle, you will need to receive a new dose of medication. Call your doctor for a prescription.
• If you have put the needle on the syringe yourself, follow the steps below to replace the needle.

1. Remove the old needle from the syringe by turning the needle base counterclockwise (to the left, Figure 4).
   • If you are unable to turn the needle, carefully replace the cap.Then try rotating it again.

   Figure 4. How to rotate the needle at the base

2. After removing the needle, discard it in a sharps container. Be careful not to touch the base of the syringe.
3. Unpack a new needle with a cap. Place the needle on the syringe by turning it clockwise (to the right).

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Storage of medical needles

• Use an empty plastic container with a screw cap, such as a bottle of detergent.
  • Select a container that is thick enough so that the needles will not pierce the side of the container.
  • Select an unbreakable container.
  • Do not store medical needles in glass bottles, plastic beverage bottles, milk bottles, aluminum cans, coffee cans, paper or plastic bags.
• Clearly write “Household medical needles – not recyclable” on the container. Keep it out of the reach of children and pets.
• Place sharps in a container immediately after use.
• Do not overfill container. When the container is half full, replace it. Wrap strong adhesive tape around the lid so that the lid is tighter and does not leak from underneath.
• Store container separate from recyclable waste.

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Disposal of medical needles

• If you live in New York or New Jersey, you can dispose of the hermetically sealed container with your regular waste. Do not put it with recyclable waste.
• If you live in another state, contact your local health department for instructions.
• Do not dispose of the needle container in the household waste bin. It must be placed next to the tank in a container clearly labeled “Sharps household”.

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Blood thinning drugs for thrombosis

List of drugs that thin the blood and prevent thrombus formation

Erythrocytosis is a condition characterized by an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.A change in these indicators causes its thickening, which has a bad effect on the state of health. When the pathology is confirmed, blood-thinning drugs are prescribed for admission.

Medicines in this group are numerous. Before starting treatment, a comprehensive examination of the patient is required.

Why thick blood is dangerous

An increase in viscosity in relation to the physiological norm causes a slowdown in the rate of blood passage, which leads to an increase in the load on the myocardium.The heart contracts in an intensified mode.

In addition, there is a violation of microcirculation in organs and tissues. The slow movement of blood through the vessels creates ideal conditions for the formation of blood clots and the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques.

As the pathology progresses, cholesterol deposits become the cause of narrowing of the lumens of the bloodstream and subsequent damage to the intima of the vessels (the inner layer of an artery or vein). A decrease in elasticity indicators and a violation of their ability to stretch also increases the load on the heart.

The circle is closed: thick blood causes atherosclerosis , which, in turn, raises the viscosity.

An increase in the strength of myocardial contractions leads to its depletion and the formation of heart failure. In the future, there is a deterioration of microcirculation, ischemia (oxygen starvation) of all organs and tissues develops. As a result of pathological changes, the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes increases.

Symptoms and diagnosis

There are no specific signs of the disease.Indirect conditions indicating an increase in hematocrit are:

• Constant thirst.
• Dry skin and mucous membranes.
• Muscle weakness, severe fatigue.
• Unexplained increased heart rate.
• Tingling sensation behind the breastbone.
• Cold limbs.

Children with an increase in blood density become whiny and constantly want to sleep.

For the diagnosis of pathology, studies are assigned:

• UAC, biochemical analysis.
• Determination of hematocrit.
• Coagulogram.
• Lipid profile.

Re-examination will be required to confirm the condition. This will allow you to track changes in indicators over time.

Additional studies for suspected development of erythrocytosis are:

• Determination of the quality of arterial blood oxygen saturation.
• The amount of erythropoietin.

If necessary – according to indications – appoint:

• Bone marrow biopsy sampling.
• Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, small pelvis.
• ECG.
• ECHO-KG.
• Research of the hormonal profile.

Causes of thickening

Factors contributing to the development of erythrocytosis:

• Enzyme deficiency – a condition characterized by a lack of digestive enzymes, which disrupts the processes of food breakdown. Decay products penetrate into the blood. Its acidification occurs. The result is the adhesion of erythrocytes, oxygen starvation of body tissues.
• Poor drinking water quality.
• Disorders in the liver – a lack of vitamins and minerals reduces the filtration functions of the organ. This leads to a change in the chemical composition of the plasma and an increase in hematocrit values.
• Dehydration – the condition develops against the background of increased physical exertion, insufficient fluid intake, severe diarrhea or vomiting, and taking diuretics.
• Enhanced work of the spleen.

Deviation is increasingly being diagnosed in young people.This is explained by the poor environmental situation and the high content of chemical components in the products.

Indication for use of blood-thinning drugs

Treatment with viscosity-lowering medications can only be started as directed by a physician. You must first undergo laboratory tests, since the appearance of certain symptoms is not a reason for taking anticoagulants.

When diagnosing hematocrit values ​​over 0.55, treatment is mandatory.

List of blood thinning drugs

The following drugs with a blood thinning effect are most often prescribed for admission:

• Heparin. The active active ingredient of the drug is an analogue of the substance introduced into the wound by a leech when bitten.
• Warfarin. Indirect anticoagulant. It is used for vascular embolism, thrombosis. In a therapeutic regimen, it can be combined with aspirin. It has many contraindications.
• Dabigatran (Warfarin substitute).
• Trental. Available in the form of tablets and solutions for infusion. The main indication is the elimination of circulatory problems accompanying diabetes mellitus, gangrene, varicose veins.
• Aspeckard. The active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid. Not used during pregnancy diagnosed with hemophilia, kidney or liver problems.
• Rivaroxaban. Available in tablet form. Contraindicated in drug allergies, during gestation and breastfeeding.
• Aescuzan. Normalizes the process of venous circulation, strengthens the walls of blood vessels.
• Phenylin. Refers to drugs with an instant effect. It is rarely used. Only if absolutely necessary. It has many contraindications.
• Cardiomagnet. Allows you to control the level of blood viscosity.

Medicines are suitable for patients of all ages. But self-admission – without passing a preliminary examination – is unacceptable .Self-medication causes serious side effects.

People who have crossed the 40-50 year mark deserve attention. At this age, taking medications that provide blood thinning is often a necessity. After 55 years, the formation of thrombosis, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular system, is not excluded.

If earlier Aspirin was prescribed for this purpose, today the list of medicines has expanded significantly. In patients of mature age, the following are used:

• Warfarin.
• Heparin.
• Exanta.
• Aspirin-Cardio.
• Clopidogrel.
• Cardiomagnet.
• Unit.

Modern blood thinners are taken in the course. Thanks to the cumulative effect, hematocrit values ​​remain normal for a long time. Sometimes up to 1 year.

One of the complications of pregnancy is the development of varicose veins. In the absence of therapy, the formation of thrombophlebitis, a condition in which deep veins are damaged, is not excluded.The use of drugs with a blood thinning effect is possible only as directed by a doctor. Most often, treatment is carried out using the drug Curantil. Its action is aimed at strengthening the vascular wall, improving general blood flow. In addition, the drug prevents the development of thrombus formation processes.

If a woman is hospitalized, then another medication is used in a hospital setting – Heparin. It does not enter the fetal bloodstream, but significantly increases the likelihood of premature labor.That is why the remedy should be used only under the supervision of a doctor.

In the group of inexpensive drugs, they have proven themselves well:

• Acecardol.
• Thrombo ASS.
• Aspirin-Cardio.
• Cardiomagnet.

When choosing a remedy, it is necessary to take into account existing diseases.

When diagnosing varicose veins, in some cases, anticoagulants are prescribed in the format of injections, for example, Clexane or Fraxiparin.The desired effect will be provided by Curanil or Dipyridamole tablets.

When atrial fibrillation is detected, Warfarin is used. With ischemia of the heart and a persistent increase in blood pressure, Cardiomagnet is used.

The safest blood thinners for the stomach (without aspirin):

• Curantil – reduces hematocrit and is approved for use as a prophylactic drug that prevents the development of varicose veins and atherosclerosis.
• Ginkgo Biloba.
• Warfarin.
• Heparin.

There is also a group of injectable drugs (Urokinase, Streptokinase). They are used in a hospital setting or by an ambulance team. They are prohibited for independent use.

Urokinase

It is prescribed in urgent cases, for example, with the development of heart attack and stroke (acute periods). Recommended for relieving heart pains, with an attack of angina pectoris. Contraindication:

• Pregnancy.
• Individual response.
• Bleeding.
• Biopsy sampling.
• Puncture.
• Recent history of surgery.
• Postpartum period.
• Oncology.
• Peptic ulcer diseases.
• Traumatic brain injury.

Streptokinase

Produced in the form of a lyophilisate intended for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections. It is used during the period of acute myocardial infarction, stroke.Contraindications:

• Aneurysms.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Pregnancy.
• Abortion.
• The birth of a child.
• Pancreatitis.
• Oncology.
• Sepsis.
• Tuberculosis.

Folk remedies

As an alternative to medicines from the group of coagulants, medicinal herbs are considered. Decoctions and infusion improve blood plasma biochemistry, reduce its viscosity.

Some herbs contain special substances – coumarin, escin saponites and salicylates – which have an anti-thrombotic effect.The necessary result allows you to get a course reception of decoctions and infusions of the following herbs and plants:

• White willow.
• Medicinal sweet clover.
• Root of Caucasian Dioscorea.
• Hazel.
• Horse chestnut.
• Medunitsa.
• Ginkgo biloba.

To stabilize blood density indicators, it is worth revising the usual diet. The menu is recommended to include foods that prevent blood clots, lower cholesterol levels and strengthen the walls of blood vessels.This is a sea fish, kelp. They contain a high percentage of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, taurine – substances that are powerful antioxidants and improve overall blood flow. In addition, the diet should consist of the following foods:

• Tomatoes (fresh).
• Turmeric.
• Cabbage.
• Onions.
• Cayenne pepper.
• Carrots.
• Vegetable oils.
• Sunflower seeds.

Blood will become thinner if a person receives 14 microns of vitamin E daily.Fruits contain a lot of tocopherol:

• Peach, orange, tangerine.
• Watermelon, avocado, kiwi.
• Plum, cherry, apricot.
• Gooseberries, raspberries.

Good results are obtained using honey. This is explained by the similarity of the composition of the product with the mineral structure of plasma, which allows its components to be absorbed by the body by 95%. Take honey according to the following scheme (in grams):

• In the morning and in the evening – 30 each.
• In the afternoon – 40.

Sweetness helps to increase the level of hemoglobin while reducing the amount of bad cholesterol.

Doctor’s conclusion

Erythrocytosis is a serious pathology that threatens human life. Therefore, it is so important to monitor the state of health and, if uncharacteristic symptoms appear, seek medical help.

Uses, side effects and drug interactions

Blood thinners prevent blood clots, which can stop blood flow to the heart.Learn about how they work, who should be taking them, side effects, and natural remedies.

Blood thinners are medicines taken by mouth or intravenously (through a vein) to prevent blood clots from forming. Blood clots can stop blood flow to the heart, lungs, or brain. They can cause heart attack or stroke.

Your doctor may recommend a blood thinner if you have heart disease, including heart valves, and an irregular heart rhythm.

Blood thinners should be taken exactly as directed. When you don’t take enough, the medicine won’t be as effective. Taking too much can lead to severe bleeding.

Some blood thinners thin the blood to prevent blood cells from clumping together in veins and arteries. Others prevent blood clots from forming by increasing the time it takes for blood clots to form. These are known as antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, respectively.

Antiplatelet drugs prevent blood cells (called platelets) from clumping together and forming clots. Examples of antiplatelet agents:

• aspirin
• clopidogrel (Plavix)
• dipyridamole (persantine)
• ticlopidine (ticlide)
• ticlopidine (ticlide)

anticoagulants, people who have been diagnosed with some form of heart disease. “Coagulation” is a medical term that means “coagulate”.These blood thinners prevent blood clots from forming, increasing the time it takes for blood to clot.

Anticoagulants prevent blood clots Common anticoagulants that thin the blood include:

• warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven)
• enoxaparin (Lovenox)
• heparin

Newer anticoagulants with less bleeding (Xarelto)

Your doctor will closely monitor the dosage of blood thinning medications.They can sometimes do a prothrombin time (PT) test for certain drugs. This blood test measures your International Normalized Ratio (INR).

INR is the blood clotting rate. The corresponding INR varies from person to person depending on their medical history. Staying within the INR range can prevent excessive bleeding or blood clotting too easily.

Blood thinners can cause side effects in some people.Excessive bleeding is the most common reaction. This can happen in a variety of ways, including:

• profuse periods
• bloody or discolored urine or feces
• nosebleed
• bleeding gums
• prolonged cut bleeding

Other side effects may include:

• dizziness
• muscle weakness
• hair loss
• rashes

The presence of blood thinners in your body can increase the risk of internal bleeding after injury.Go to the hospital right away if you experience any of these side effects after falling or hitting your head – even if you don’t have external bleeding.

Your doctor may advise you to limit your contact sports to reduce the risk of bleeding. However, this does not mean that you cannot play sports or live a normal life. Swimming, walking, and running are excellent forms of exercise that are safe for most people on anticoagulants.Talk with your doctor about which types of exercise are right for you.

Tell your dentist that you are taking anticoagulants to avoid excessive bleeding during regular brushing.

It is also important to protect yourself when using knives, scissors or garden tools.

Various foods, herbs and medicines can interfere with blood thinning. These substances can make the drug more or less effective than the dosage would suggest. However, not all blood thinners are affected by the same substances.It is important to talk with your doctor or cardiologist about your diet and how it might affect the effectiveness of your medications.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K may decrease the effectiveness of certain anticoagulants, such as warfarin. Depending on the specific medication you are taking, you may still be able to eat foods with low to moderate levels of vitamin K. However, you should avoid certain foods that contain moderate to high levels of vitamin K.These include:

• cabbage
• Brussels sprouts
• broccoli
• asparagus
• endive
• cabbage
• salad
• spinach
• mustard greens
• turnip greens
• cabbage greens

taking anticoagulant supplements and teas with caution. Some herbs interfere with the ability of anticoagulants to thin the blood.They can also increase the risk of bleeding and prolong the duration of bleeding.

Consult your physician before using any herbal supplements or tea, especially the following:

• chamomile
• Echinacea
• clove
• evening primrose oil
• dong quai
• licorice
• ginseng
• gingko bilobra

Alcoholic drinks and cranberry juice can also be harmful when used with anticoagulants.Avoid these items if possible.

Medications

Take prescription and over-the-counter medications with caution when using anticoagulants. A number of antibiotics, antifungal medications, pain relievers, and acid reducers can increase the risk of bleeding. Other drugs, including birth control pills, can reduce the effects of anticoagulants and increase the risk of blood clots. Be sure to tell your doctor about any medications you are taking.

Certain foods and herbs are natural anticoagulants and may help prevent blood clotting. If you are taking blood thinning medications, consult your doctor before consuming these foods as they may thin your blood too much.

Natural anticoagulants include:

• garlic
• ginger
• celery seeds
• anise

Foods rich in vitamin E are also natural blood thinners.A number of oils such as olive, corn, soybean and wheat germ contain vitamin E. Other food sources of vitamin E include:

• spinach
• tomato
• mango
• kiwi
• peanut butter
• almonds
• sunflower seeds
• broccoli

Natural anticoagulants can be beneficial to your heart health, but consume them with caution.

.

Thin Blood: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Some people have what is called liquid blood.The condition means they have too few platelets, the part of the blood that helps it clot. Liquid blood has few symptoms, the main ones being heavy bleeding and bruising.

In total, blood is made up of four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Platelets make up 1–2 percent of the blood and help it clot.

Thin blood, known as thrombocytopenia, is caused by a low platelet count.

The normal level of platelets in the blood is 150,000–400,000 per milliliter (ml). If the platelet count falls below 150,000 / ml, it may indicate liquid blood.

This article will look at the causes of blood thinning, the symptoms, and what you can do about it.

Platelets are produced in the spleen. Once formed, platelets have a short lifespan of 7 to 10 days.

Thin blood due to low platelet count.A number of factors can cause a low platelet count, including the following:

Decreased platelet production

Viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis C, mumps, rubella, or Epstein-Barr virus can cause platelet counts to decrease. …

Diseases of the bone marrow such as leukemia and lymphoma can also affect the number of platelets produced.

Medications

Some people take blood-thinning medications to reduce their risk of heart attack and stroke.There are two main types of drugs that thin the blood:

• Anticoagulants: These include heparin and warfarin, which increase the time it takes for a clot to form.
• Antiplatelet drugs: Aspirin is one example, it can thin the blood and prevent platelet clots from forming.

Spleen disease

The spleen produces platelets, so problems with the spleen can lead to blood thinning.Conditions that affect the spleen include:

• Splenomegaly, or enlargement of the spleen.
• Hypersplenism, which can cause platelets to become stuck in the spleen.

Increased platelet breakdown

Certain autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can increase the number of platelets that break down. If new platelets are not produced quickly enough, a person may have liquid blood.

Chronic liver disease (CKD)

CKD lowers levels of thrombopoietin, a hormone responsible for stimulating platelet production. Low thrombopoietin levels decrease the rate of platelet production.

Other Facts

There are also some physiological variables that affect platelet count:

• Aging: Platelet count can decline with age.
• Genetics: Some people have low platelet counts due to genetic factors.
• Pregnancy. Low platelet counts occur in 5-7 percent of pregnant women, causing blood thinning.

Share on Pinterest A person with thin blood may be predisposed to petechiae.
Image credit: James Heilman, MD, 2016

There are not often symptoms in thin blood. This is usually diagnosed during a blood test for another condition.

A low platelet count can make it difficult for blood to clot, so anyone who experiences excessive or prolonged bleeding, even from a small cut, may have thin blood.

Other signs include bleeding gums, nosebleeds, blood in stools, and heavy menstrual flow without clots.

Sometimes a person with thin blood may also be prone to sudden bruising, known as purpura, or blood pricks on the skin called petechiae.

A doctor can diagnose liquid blood by looking at the platelet count on a CBC or CBC.

During a conversation with a doctor, it is necessary that the person tell him about any medications or additives that may cause blood thinning.These include over-the-counter pain relievers such as aspirin.

Thin blood causes clotting problems, wound healing and bruising.

On the other hand, thick blood can increase the risk of blood clots and thrombosis, which can be life-threatening.

Risk factors for thick blood include:

Polycythemia is a condition in which the blood becomes thick due to a large number of red blood cells.

Doctors may prescribe anticoagulants such as heparin and warfarin when the blood is thick and the person is at increased risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack.

Treatment for liquid blood will depend on the underlying cause. Sometimes, however, treating the underlying cause may not change the platelet count and the blood will remain runny.

Doctors sometimes prescribe corticosteroids to treat liquid blood for conditions such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In severe cases, they may recommend a platelet transfusion.

It is very important to see a doctor for a diagnosis if a person has symptoms that may indicate liquid blood.The doctor can help determine the underlying cause and develop an individualized treatment plan.

They can also advise the person on how to take precautions and deal with problems caused by blood thinning, including excessive bleeding.

.

10 Blood thinners and how they work

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Blood thinners

Blood thinners are commonly used in to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack. works by reducing the formation of blood clots in the arteries and veins of the body. A doctor may recommend blood thinners for patients with abnormal heart rhythms seen with atrial fibrillation, heart valve surgery, and congenital heart defects.

Blood thinners can be divided into two main categories: anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents .

Anticoagulants include heparin (warfarin) , which helps reduce blood clots by acting on chemical reactions in the body, increasing the time it takes for a blood clot to form.

Antiplatelet drugs , on the other hand, include aspirin , which prevents platelets from clumping together (commonly used in cases of thrombocytosis) by decreasing the formation of clots in blood vessels.

Thrombocytosis is described as the presence of excess platelets in the blood system. The condition can be divided into two categories, namely Secondary and Primary / Essential Thrombocytosis .

* Primary or essential thrombocytosis results from abnormal cell production in the bone marrow causing an increase in platelet count for an unknown reason.

* Secondary thrombocytosis results in an increase in platelet production in the bone marrow caused by a known underlying disease, infection, or disease such as inflammation, anemia, or cancer.

Symptoms of thrombocytosis include spontaneous blood clotting, especially in the arms and legs, which, if left untreated, can lead to heart attack as well as stroke.

In severe cases, the patient may have to undergo platelet ferresis , a procedure that can be used to lower platelet counts but involves collecting blood and then separating blood components using special equipment.

Platelet Feresis is performed with the aim of directly separating platelets from the blood, where the remaining cells and other blood components are returned to the bloodstream.

Names of blood thinners

Using blood thinners is simply another treatment option for patients with thrombocytosis.Below are some of the well-known names of blood thinners, as well as their functions.

List of blood thinners and their principle of action

1. Coumadin (warfarin)

This blood thinner is also known as warfarin . Coumadin is the oldest and one of the most common anticoagulants. Its ability to prevent blood clots has been proven to be effective in treating several blood clotting disorders.

The blood thinner works by causing a reduction in the levels of vitamin K in the blood system , a vitamin that supports blood clotting.

However, the drug has side effects such as ecchymosis, discoloration of the skin and the possibility of bleeding.

2. Pradaxa (Dabigatran)

Pradaxa was presented as the best solution , designed to eliminate the side effects of that can occur when using Coumadin.

Anticoagulant inhibits the action of thrombin and the active form of prothrombin , which is a blood coagulation protein.

The drug is usually administered in capsules of 150 mg and 75 mg twice a day.People with kidney problems are advised to take lower doses of the drug. Stopping the drug may increase the user’s risk of stroke and heart attack.

The drug has its own set of side effects such as bruising and the risk of excessive bleeding due to minor damage to the blood vessels. Stomach pain, nausea and heartburn are some of the common side effects that can occur when using pradaxa.

3.Elikis (Apixaban)

Among this list of blood thinners is Eliquis, also known as apixaban Anticoagulant is a direct factor Xa inhibitor, which serves as a treatment option for venous thromboembolism .

Xa plays the role of as a blood coagulation factor, catalyzing the conversion of inactive prothrombin into the active form of the enzyme thrombin. The enzyme leads to the formation of fibrin.

Eliquis has no direct effect on platelet aggregation, but by inhibiting factor Xa, it reduces platelet formation.

Stopping the use of Eliquis may also increase the risk of heart attack as well as stroke in patients.

Unusual bleeding may be a possible side effect when using Eliquis.

4. Heparin

Heparin works by binding to the enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III (AT), which leads to a change that later leads to activation of AT due to an increase in the flexibility of its reactive loop by .

Activated antithrombin III inactivates thrombin and other proteases involved in blood coagulation; which is important, the factor Xa.Activity leads to less blood clotting.

5. Xarelto (rivaroxaban)

Rivaroxaban is another name for Xarelto . It works by inhibiting free factor Xa as well as factor Xa , which are commonly associated in a thrombinase complex.

This inhibition of interrupts the pathway of the blood coagulation cascade by controlling the formation of thrombin and blood clots.

The most serious side effect that patients taking the drug can experience is excessive internal bleeding.

6. Aspirin

Aspirin is a common antiplatelet drug . Aspirin acts on by inhibiting the production of thromboxane in the blood.

Thromboxane plays the role of by binding together active platelet molecules, to create a patch on the walls of damaged blood vessels.

Low-dose aspirin can be helpful in preventing heart attacks and strokes, which can occur when blood clots form.

7.Beraprost

Beraprost – antiplatelet drug ; synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, which affects vasodilation.

The resulting vasodilation lowers the patient’s blood pressure, resulting in a 90,029 decrease in the availability and availability of platelets to the site where blood clotting occurs.

It is also known that beraprost inhibits platelet aggregation.

8. Aggrastat (Tirofiban)

Tirofiban under the trade name Aggrastat is an antiplatelet drug , which belongs to the class antiplatelet glycoprotein IIIa inhibitors .The origin of the drug can be attributed to the pharmacophore.

Tirofiban as an antiplatelet drug reduces the incidence of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation.

It reduces the likelihood of blood clotting, which could otherwise lead to serious heart attacks.

9. Plavix (clopidogrel)

Clopidogrel is an active antagonist of the ADP receptor, which acts by competitive inhibition of ADP, performing its role of binding to platelet receptors .

This activity prevents ADP-mediated regulation of glycoprotein IIb / IIIa receptors, which leads to blocking amplification during platelet aggregation. However, if the platelet aggregation process continues and completes successfully, it can lead to clumping and clotting of blood in the patient’s blood vessels.

10. Persantine (dipyridamole)

This is an antiplatelet drug , the mechanism of action of which is not fully understood .

It is believed to work against the absorption of adenosine by platelets to reduce platelet aggregation induced by ADP.

Dipyridamole has vasodilatory properties, making it unsuitable 90,030 in patients with coronary artery disease, recent myocardial infarction and left ventricular outflow obstruction.

Use of blood thinners

It is important to remember that the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs requires strict prescription and supervision by qualified doctors .

Side effects of blood thinner can be serious. With poor treatment, this can lead to complications and even death of the patient. Blood thinners can lead to bleeding, active peptic ulcer disease, and even uncontrolled hypertension.

Possible hypersensitivity and allergic reaction.

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List of drugs for deep vein thrombosis (15 compared)

Other names: Blood clot in the legs; Deep vein thrombosis; DVT; Thromboembolism

About deep vein thrombosis: Blood clotting in the veins of the inner thigh or lower leg. In air travel, DVT is an economy class syndrome. Even for young, healthy travelers, prolonged cramped stays in cabins with very low humidity create a fertile ground for blood clots.

See also: subtopics

Drugs used to treat deep vein thrombosis

The following list of drugs is in one way or another related to what is used in the treatment of this condition.

1084

to N

41083

71083

0

01083

0

Learn more about deep vein thrombosis

IBM Watson Micromedex

Symptoms and Treatment

Clinical ICD-10 Codes CM (external)

Legend

Name of the drug	Rx / OTC	Preg	CSA	Alcohol	Reviews	Rating	Activities
	52 reviews	5.8
Generic name: rivaroxaban systemic Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals: Information
condition-table__summary”/> Eliquis	Rx	B	N		24 reviews	4.3
Generic name: apixaban systemic Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals AHFS: For professionals: Information
enoxaparin	Rx	B	N		12 reviews	9.2
General name: systemic enoxaparin Brand name: Lovenox Drug class: heparin For professionals, interactions3 on drugs from A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph, Prescribing Information
Lovenox	Rx	B	N		9 reviews	9.1
Generic name: systemic enoxaparin Drug class: heparin Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals: AHFS prescription
rivaroxaban	Rx	C	N		59 reviews	5.7
Generic name: rivaroxaban systemic Brand name: Xarelto Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors For users, For users, , Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph
Heparin	Rx	C	N		Add Review	0. 0
Generic name: systemic heparin Brand name: Sodium heparin Drug class: heparin For consumers: Dosage for interactions Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph, Information Assignment
Apixaban	Rx	B	N		32 Reviews
General name: apixaban systemic Brand name: Eliquis Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors For consumers: For consumers: Interaction Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph
Pradaxa	Rx	C	N		7 reviews
Generic name: dabigatran systemic Drug class: thrombin inhibitors Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals
Sodium heparin	Rx	C	N		Add review	0.0
Generic name: systemic heparin Drug class: heparin Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals: 9000 DI9108 Monograph
Arixtra	Rx	B	N		4 reviews	9.0
Generic name: fondaparinux systemic Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals: AFS Prescription: information
condition-table__summary”/> dabigatran	Rx	C	N		7 reviews	7.0
General name: dabigatran systemic Brand name: Pradaxa Drug class: thrombin interaction inhibitors For consumers: For consumers: 9000 Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph, Information Assignment
fondaparinux	Rx	B	N		4 recalls		0
General name: fondaparinux systemic Brand name: Arixtra Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors For users, interactions Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph, Prescribing Information
Edoxaban	Rx	C	N		Add Review 9000 085	0
Generic name: systemic edoxaban Brand name: Savaisa Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors For professionals, interactions For professionals, interactions Drug Facts A to Z, AHFS DI Monograph
Savaisa	Rx	C	N		Add Review
Generic name: systemic edoxaban Drug class: Factor Xa inhibitors Consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects For professionals: information
condition-table__summary”/> urokinase	Rx	B	N		Add review	0.0
Generic name: systemic urokinase Drug class: thrombolytics Consumers: dosage, interactions,
96779
96779

Rx	98310 Prescription only 910 910 983 Non-Prescription
Rx / OTC	Prescription or Non-Prescription
Off Label	This medication cannot be approved by the FDA for the treatment of this condition.

Pregnancy category
A	Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
B	Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate risk to the fetus, and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
C	Animal reproduction studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, and there are no adequate and well-controlled human studies, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
D	There is positive evidence of risk to the fetus in humans based on evidence of adverse reactions from research or marketing experience or human studies, but potential benefits may require use in pregnant women despite the potential risks.
X	Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and / or there is positive evidence of risk to the human fetus based on evidence of adverse reactions from research or marketing experience and the risks associated with use in pregnant women clearly outweigh the potential benefits.
N	The drug has not been classified by the FDA.

Controlled Substances Act (CSA) Supplement
N	Not subject to the Controlled Substances Act.
1	Has a high potential for abuse. Currently not used for medical purposes in the United States. There are no generally accepted safety guidelines for use under medical supervision.
2	Has a high potential for abuse. Currently licensed for medical use for treatment in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions.Abuse can lead to serious psychological or physical dependence.
3	Less likely to be abused than those listed in Tables 1 and 2. Medical use is currently approved for medical treatment in the United States. Abuse can lead to moderate to low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
4	Has low abuse potential compared to those on list 3.It is now widely used for medical purposes in the United States. Abuse may result in limited physical or psychological dependence compared to those shown in Table 3.
5	Has low abuse potential compared to those shown in Table 4. Medical uses for treatment are currently permitted in USA. Abuse can lead to limited physical or psychological dependence compared to those shown in table 4.

Alcohol
X	Reacts with alcohol.

Additional Information

Always check with your doctor to ensure that the information displayed on this page is applicable to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

. 90,000 discussion and commentary in Tinkoff Pulse

The US stock market ended trading on Friday in different directions due to the strengthening of the raw materials, oil and gas and industrial sectors.The market demonstrates against the background of negative dynamics from the outside in the sectors of utilities, telecommunications and consumer goods.
At the close in New York, the Dow Jones gained 0.19%, the S&P 500 lost 0.03% and the NASDAQ Composite gained 0.16%.
In the leaders of growth among the components of the Dow Jones at the end of today’s trading were shares of Caterpillar Inc $ CAT, which rose in price by 10.83 points (5.42%), to close at 210.75. The Dow Inc $ DOW rose 2.77 points.(4.81%), completing trades at 60.33. Boeing Co $ BA gained 8.24 points or 3.95% to close at 216.72.
The biggest losers were Visa Inc Class A $ V, which fell 2.14% or 4.49 points to end the session at 204.86. Nike Inc $ NKE shares climbed 1.87% or 2.71 points to end at 142.38, while Procter & Gamble Company $ PG was down 1.72% or 2.23 points to complete trading at the level of 127.30.
The growth leaders among the S&P 500 index components at the end of today’s trading were Deere & Company $ DE, which rose 10.85% to 332.84, Albemarle Corp $ ALB, which gained 9.56% to close at 154. 99, and Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold Inc $ FCX, which rose 10.05% to end at 37.57.The biggest losers were Hologic Inc $ HOLX, which fell 7.70% to close at 75.99. Zoetis Inc $ ZTS shed 4.18% to trade at 160.94. Kraft Heinz Co $ KHC fell 3.57% to 37.57.

On the New York Stock Exchange, the number of securities that went up in price (2012) exceeded the number of securities that closed in the red (1,060), while the quotes of 80 shares remained practically unchanged. On the NASDAQ stock exchange 2,191 companies rose in price, 996 declined, and 60 remained at the level of the previous close.Deere & Company $ DE rose to an all-time high, up 10.85%, 32.59 points, to close at 332.84. Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold Inc $ FCX rose to a high, rising 10. 05%, 3.43 points to trade at 37.57. Caterpillar Inc $ CAT rose to an all-time high, climbing 5.42%, 10.83 points, to close at 210.75. Energous Co $ WATT rose to a 52-week high, up 94.62%, 3.520 p.p.and closed trading at 7,240. Evolus Inc $ EOLS rose to a 52-week high, climbing 66.06%, 4.73 points to 11.89.
The CBOE Volatility Index, which measures the value of S&P 500 options trading, was down 3.60% to 21.68.
Gold Futures for April delivery was up 0.32% or 5.65 to $ 1,780.65 a troy ounce. Elsewhere in commodities, WTI crude for March delivery fell 2.73%, or 1.65, to $ 58.87 a barrel.Futures contracts for Brent oil for April delivery fell 2.10% or 1.34 to trade at $ 62.59 a barrel.
Meanwhile, in the Forex market, the EUR / USD pair rose 0.25% to 1.2119, while the USD / JPY quotes fell 0.19%, reaching 105, 90,000 medicines, diet, folk remedies

Blood thinners help prevent and eliminate blood clots, which partially or completely block blood flow in blood vessels. Thrombosis can cause serious health consequences such as heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism.

Blood clots can form anywhere in the body, but are more common in certain areas. If thrombosis is found in the blood vessels leading to the brain, a stroke can develop, and blood clots in the blood vessels of the heart can lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction). People with atrial fibrillation are also at risk of stroke due to increased blood clots. Doctors use the term pulmonary embolism to refer to pulmonary thrombosis. A blood clot in the veins of your legs is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Doctors use special blood thinners that affect the factors that cause blood clots.

Blood thinning drugs – List

Today, doctors can choose from many different blood thinning drugs. They will use the most appropriate drug depending on the person’s condition and will take into account:

• family and medical history of the patient
• Risk factors for developing blood clots
• Location of blood clot
• Is this the first clot
• Severity of vessel blockage

There are two categories of blood thinners: antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.

Antiplatelet drugs, or antiplatelet agents

A person can receive injectable, intravenous or oral antiplatelet agents. Antiplatelet drugs that people take by mouth include:

• aspirin
• clopidogrel (Plavix)
• ticagrelor (Brilinta)
• prasugrel (Effient)
• pentoxifylline (Trental)
• Cilipiriadamol 70 (Pletal)
• Cilipiriadamol70 (Pletal) )

Injectable or intravenous antiplatelet drugs include:

• Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
• Eptifibatide (Integrilin) ​​

Anticoagulants

In some situations, doctors prescribe anticoagulants.There are three classes of anticoagulants:

• heparin and low molecular weight heparin
• Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin
• Direct oral anticoagulants

Blood clotting is a complex process that depends on many factors. Warfarin prevents the formation of vitamin K-factor blood clotting. Direct oral anticoagulants inhibit other factors, such as an enzyme called thrombin, both in the blood and in existing blood clots.Heparins also inactivate thrombin, which helps with thrombosis and prevents the formation of new ones.

Why does blood thicken?

There can be several reasons for an increase in blood viscosity:

1. Increased hemoglobin
   , as well as the loss of elasticity and the ability of erythrocytes to deform (assuming the desired shape, they must freely penetrate even the smallest vessels).
2. Increased fibrinogen level
   .If there is a lot of it, it makes red blood cells clump together. As a result, clots – blood clots – begin to form in the blood.
3. Erythrocyte aggregation
   . The clumping process of red blood cells is caused by a shift in blood pH towards acidification. In this case, always negatively charged erythrocytes change polarity and begin to stick together into “coin” columns.

There are many reasons for blood thickening – lack of fluid, blood diseases, enzyme deficiency, liver and stomach diseases, impaired spleen function.

The structure of the blood can change under the influence of alcohol, smoking, drinking coffee and products made with a lot of chemistry.

The result is a violation of the transport function of blood and its inability to fully carry out gas exchange – to carry oxygen to the organs and take carbon dioxide from them.

Side effects

People who take blood thinners are at increased risk of bleeding. With injuries, the bleeding may not stop for a long time.Sometimes bleeding may require medical attention. The most common side effects of antiplatelet drugs include:

• nosebleeds
• blood in urine
• hemorrhage or bleeding
• stomach bleeding
• shortness of breath
• low platelet count
• aspirin-induced asthma
• nasal polyp

Warfarin can also cause bleeding.Some people may experience severe bleeding. Other side effects of warfarin include:

• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain
• bloating
• flatulence
• taste changes

plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate. Direct oral anticoagulants are associated with lower bleeding rates, including life-threatening cerebral hemorrhages.If the person is experiencing heavy bleeding or hemorrhage, the doctor will stop the drug and the person will be given protamine sulfate, which inactivates heparin. Other side effects that can occur when using heparin:

• low platelet count in the blood
• osteoporosis
• bone fractures
• low levels of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates salt and water in the body
• allergic manifestations

Several words about the composition of blood

The blood contains plasma and corpuscles – erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes. Plasma is water with proteins, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, fats, glucose and other substances dissolved in it. The shaped elements form a suspension in the plasma.

The soluble protein fibrinogen is also present in the blood, which, if necessary, produces fibrin – the fibers that form a blood clot. The level of blood viscosity is determined by the hematocrit number. It expresses the ratio of the liquid and solid parts of blood – plasma and blood cells.

Antiplatelet drugs

Substances that interact with aspirin or antiplatelet drugs:

• Potassium-sparing diuretics
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including

ibuprofen

• Steroids

interactions with other blood thinners, Plavix and Effient may interact with opioids.Plavix also interacts with omeprazole (Prilosec), which reduces stomach acid.

The physician should closely monitor the patient who is taking blood thinners.

Bleeding problems: when to see a doctor right away?

What are the warning signs? Bleeding gums after brushing or flossing, nosebleeds that stop longer than usual. Frequent or large bruising (especially on the trunk) is also a potential warning sign.Be sure to report these symptoms to your doctor.

If you experience similar symptoms, consult a doctor immediately!

• tea, pink or red urine (possible bleeding in the urinary tract)
• black and tarry or red stools (possibly gastrointestinal bleeding)
• sudden very severe headache (possible bleeding in the brain).

You should also see a doctor after a fall that causes severe pain, even if there is no visible blood.Finally, keep in mind that common pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) can interact with anticoagulants. Check with your doctor if you are taking these medications on a regular basis.

Source: Blood thinners / Harvard Heart Letter – January 2020 – https://www. health.harvard.edu/heart-health/understanding-blood-thinners

Warfarin

Warfarin Prescribers Should Warn person about drug and food interactions with this anticoagulant.Substances that interact with warfarin:

• antibiotics
• antifungal drugs
• herbal and herbal products
• other anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs
• products containing vitamin K

Regular blood tests should be performed when taking warfarin. Doctors recommend that people taking warfarin pay attention to the vitamin K content of the foods they consume. People taking warfarin should not completely avoid vitamin K, but they should limit their intake.

How to thin the blood

Doctors suggest doing blood thinning procedures in several ways. In many cases, a combination of several is contemplated. The most effective methods of blood thinning include :

• correction of the diet – it is necessary to include in the menu products that have a thinning effect;
• taking medications;
• blood thinning with folk remedies;
• procedures with medical leeches – hirudotherapy.

Important: in no case should you take any measures to thin your blood on your own! Even if you decide to do this for prevention (and this is appropriate only over the age of 50), it is imperative to get the approval and permission of the doctor. Remember that going to extremes is fraught with serious consequences – too thin blood contributes to regular bleeding and even a small wound can lead to death from blood loss.

Medicines for blood thinning

The medicines listed in this section are not able to “dissolve” already formed blood clots, but they are quite capable of preventing their appearance and improving the blood composition.Each of the remedies for a particular patient is selected by the doctor on a strictly individual basis, therefore, an independent decision on taking medications will be a mistake. And well, if not fatal!

Important: there are contraindications, a doctor’s consultation is necessary. You can highlight how we highlight “we recommend to read …”

Heparin

The most popular drug that can thin the blood. It contains the same substance that is contained in the saliva of leeches – it thins the blood at the moment the secretion from the leech enters the human body.Heparin is prescribed only by a doctor, he also selects an individual dosage.

Warfarin

This is the second most popular drug that, if used correctly, thins the blood. The drug is inexpensive, but no less effective.

Curantil

The drug is produced in Germany, used as a prevention of blood clots in diagnosed atherosclerosis, varicose veins.

Dabigatran

This is a substitute for warfarin, belongs to thrombin inhibitors, is able to bring the level of anticoagulation to an adequate state.

Aspeckard

A drug that controls the number of platelets formed in the blood, with an increased rate, actively reduces it.

Preparations with selenium, zinc and leticin

They are intended only to replenish these elements in the blood (in case of identified deficiency). This improves the absorption of water, which ultimately leads to a normal level of blood viscosity.

Aescusan

A drug that actively affects the health of blood vessels – makes their walls more elastic, normalizes the blood circulation in the veins, and resists the outflow of moisture from the vessels.

Multivitamins

Has a beneficial effect on the structure of blood vessels, helps to reduce the likelihood of blood clots.

All of these drugs should be prescribed by a doctor only. Moreover, you need to know the general state of health, take into account previously diagnosed acute and chronic pathologies. In some cases, experts recommend taking phenylin – it works very quickly and in emergency cases can even save the patient’s life. But! Phenylin has a lot of contraindications, can cause powerful side effects, which is why it is used extremely rarely, only under the supervision of medical professionals and with the consent / permission of the attending physician.

The most famous drugs are Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and Kadiomagnil – even from TV screens broadcast about their wonderful effect on the work of the heart and the state of blood vessels. And what do doctors say about these drugs?

Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid

It was officially established (back in the middle of the 20th century) that the presented drug reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in people over 50 years old, it is especially effective on male patients.

The effect of Aspirin in blood thinning lies in its ability to “inhibit” the process of gluing platelets – this is what causes blood clots in large and small vessels.

Cardiologists recommend taking Aspirin daily, especially for people with previously diagnosed cerebrovascular accident, angina pectoris and atherosclerosis. It is very useful to use acetylsalicylic acid during the recovery period after a heart attack or stroke.

The standard dosage of Aspirin is 75-150 mg per day. It is categorically not recommended to increase the dose without a doctor’s prescription – it will not be possible to accelerate the blood thinning process, but it is quite possible to provoke the development of severe complications.

Please note: the presented drug, despite its high efficiency in relation to the prevention of an increase in blood viscosity, is strictly forbidden to be taken by people with diagnosed stomach diseases – acute / chronic gastritis, ulcers.This is due to its sharply negative effect on the gastric mucosa. It is not recommended to take Aspirin and patients with bronchial asthma.

Despite the fact that the pharmaceutical industry suggests using Aspirin in the form of more gentle drugs (additional components in them simply reduce the level of negative effects on the gastric mucosa), while taking these drugs, it is necessary to periodically take blood tests – in the laboratory, the level of platelets must be monitored.If it is underestimated, then the course of taking aspirin-containing drugs must be discontinued.

Cardiomagnyl

An often advertised drug with blood thinning properties. It contains acetylsalicylic acid and magnesium hydroxide. If acetylsalicylic acid directly affects the level of blood viscosity, then the second component simply reduces the activity of the main active ingredient on the gastric mucosa. At the same time, they perfectly coexist in one preparation and do not reduce the effectiveness of each other.
Cardiomagnet must be prescribed by a doctor – no prophylactic courses of admission can be carried out without notifying a specialist about this! In general, the drug in question is prescribed only for certain diseases :

• regularly high blood pressure;
• thrombosis;
• diabetes mellitus;
• atherosclerosis;
• chronic migraine;
• embolism;
• angina pectoris;
• rehabilitation period after surgery performed under general anesthesia;
• increased blood cholesterol level;
• hereditary predisposition to diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Please note: the instructions indicate a number of contraindications to the use of Cardiomagnet, even for preventive purposes. Therefore, only a consultation with a doctor and obtaining permission from him to take the drug can cause the start of a course of prevention of an increase in blood viscosity.

Folk remedies for thinning blood

There are several unconventional methods for thinning blood. At first glance, they all consist in the use of familiar products / plants that cannot be harmful to health.But doctors do not recommend starting a course of therapy without first consulting a specialist. What suits one person optimally can turn out to be a real poison for another!

Juices

Freshly prepared juices from natural fruits and vegetables, without preservatives and flavor substitutes, are recommended to be consumed every day. They promote blood thinning due to their high content of vitamins and minerals. This ultimately leads to the normalization of water assimilation and the composition of the important living environment of the body.And water, which is contained in sufficient quantities even in the most concentrated juice, enters the body within the daily dose.

The most useful juices in terms of blood thinning are strawberry, cranberry, pomegranate, orange, lemon, carrot, apple, grape and other types. You can use them in their “pure” form, you can prepare cocktails (for example, apple-carrot). You need to drink one glass (250 ml) of fresh juice daily – this is the minimum required, which can be increased if desired.

Remember: Many juices should not be consumed by people with diseases of the liver and kidneys, cardiovascular system and digestive organs. Therefore, you will definitely need a doctor’s consultation. It is strictly forbidden to take grapefruit juice as a thinning agent if any medicines are taken in parallel – this can lead to poisoning of the body.

Baking soda

Traditional healers recommend taking a soda solution every morning on an empty stomach.The product is prepared as follows: 1/5 teaspoon of baking soda is mixed with a glass of warm water.

Seems like such a simple way! But be extremely careful – soda has a detrimental effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus, which can provoke the development of peptic ulcer disease.

Apple cider vinegar

It is believed that taking this product correctly, without rushing to extremes, is problematic enough to harm the body. Therefore, apple cider vinegar for blood thinning can be described as a safe method for solving the problem.
The mechanism of action of apple cider vinegar is simple: a weakly acidic reaction occurs, which leads to the elimination of toxic acidic compounds. They are replaced with apple cider vinegar, which eliminates metabolic acidosis in the blood. Of course, such an effect will be provided only in the case of regular use of the presented product according to a certain scheme.

The most important rule is that apple cider vinegar should be taken only in the morning hours, since it is during this period of the day that the body fully discards acidic toxic foods.It is naturally forbidden to drink pure apple cider vinegar – you need to prepare a solution from a glass (250 ml) of warm water and 2 tablespoons of the presented product. The duration of taking this apple cider vinegar solution is 2-3 months. In general, healers assure that you can take this medicine for a year, but you only have to take 10-day breaks every 2 months.

Please note: blood thinning with apple cider vinegar is categorically contraindicated in people with diagnosed duodenitis and gastric / duodenal ulcer.

Linseed oil

An excellent product that not only thins the blood, but also has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, the condition of the walls of blood vessels and the work of the heart. The presented product can regulate lipid metabolism – the blood is saturated with lipids, which automatically maintains it in a liquid state and prevents the formation of blood clots even with existing atherosclerotic plaques.

Correctly take flaxseed oil as follows: a tablespoon of the product in the morning on an empty stomach.If this procedure is not possible for some reason, then you can drink the same amount of flaxseed oil immediately after your morning meal. Only a daily intake is required – in this case, the effect will be optimal. The duration of taking flaxseed oil to thin the blood can be different – at the discretion of the patient himself, but you need to take 5-7-day breaks after each month of use.

Please note: the presented product is strictly forbidden to be consumed by people with diagnosed cholelithiasis and with a tendency to diarrhea.

Medicinal herbs

Of course, nature provides people with the means not only for the treatment of pathologies, but also for the prevention of many diseases. And for blood thinning, there are certain recipes from medicinal herbs that have an effect no worse than medicines.

White willow bark. This natural product contains salicin, which is the so-called precursor of salicylic acid. Unsurprisingly, white willow bark is capable of anticoagulant effects.But the difference between salicin in natural materials and its chemical analogue is that even regular use does not provoke the development of bleeding and pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum.

Note: This property often pushes people to use white willow bark for blood thinning without medical supervision. This remedy is even given to children! Do not forget that even the most wonderful, a thousand times proven medicine can have a negative effect on the body – a specialist consultation is extremely necessary.

Tablets are produced, the main active ingredient of which is white willow bark – in this case, the daily dose is 1 tablet 2-3 times (recommendation for adults only!). If there is a natural / natural white willow bark, then it should be dried, and then brewed and drunk like regular tea, it is possible with the addition of honey.

Sweet clover. Only the leaves and flowers of this medicinal plant have healing properties. But they can also have a powerful toxic effect, especially in the case of improper collection and procurement of raw materials.Therefore, it is necessary not only to obtain permission to undergo a course of therapy aimed at thinning blood from the attending physician, but also to purchase a ready-made dry clover in a pharmacy.

Please note: the blood-thinning effect of sweet clover is so strong that when taken simultaneously with some drugs and remedies from the category of “traditional medicine”, menstruation may go even with their prolonged absence (amenorrhea).

The best way to prepare the product – 1 teaspoon of dry raw materials is brewed in a glass (300 ml) of boiling water and infused for 2 hours.You need to take the infusion 2 times a day, ½ glass at a time.

Please note: it is strictly forbidden to use melilot for blood thinning when diagnosing hemorrhoids, a tendency to nose / uterine bleeding and any diseases that may provoke bleeding.

Products affecting the state of blood viscosity

It should be noted right away that the decision to introduce any product into the diet can be taken independently. It is important not to go to extremes and not replace them with full-fledged food – food should be varied.

Products that thin the blood :

• chestnut;
• garlic;
• lemon;
• figs; 90,070 90,069 beets;
• orange; 90,070 90,069 grenades;
• ginger;
• sunflower seeds;
• olive oil;
• artichoke.

But it is not enough to know and use only those products that serve as a prophylaxis for an increase in the level of blood viscosity! It is necessary to clearly remember what can contribute to its increase – it is useless to lean on both groups of products, there will be no effect, but the state of health may deteriorate. So, what raises the level of blood viscosity :

• sugar is in the first place! Therefore, it is worth abandoning its use or limiting the amount as much as possible; 90 070
• carbonated drinks;
• protein food – you should not completely abandon it, but it is necessary to revise the amount of meat and legumes consumed in the direction of reduction;
• potatoes;
• bananas;
• smoked meats;
• nettle;
• buckwheat.

Blood thinning is an important aspect in the life of every person.And if the age has already crossed the border of 50 years, there is a history of atherosclerosis, angina pectoris and other diseases of the cardiovascular system, then urgent measures must be taken. You should not trust the media, which widely advertise well-known medicines or dietary supplements as blood thinners – it is better to trust doctors, undergo a full examination and get correct, adequate prescriptions.

Tsygankova Yana Alexandrovna, medical commentator, therapist of the highest qualification category.

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Comparison of the most famous drugs

Which medication is best used with thick blood, should be determined by a specialist, based on age, type of disease and its severity, the presence of chronic ailments in humans.

For example, “Cardiomagnet” or “Courantil”, which is better? Both drugs have a similar therapeutic effect, but Cardiomagnyl contains acetylsalicylic acid. Therefore, it is not recommended to use it for gastric ulcers, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Curantil is a safer medicine, but it has a high cost. This remedy is better for venous diseases. The tablets are good for the heart and blood vessels.

Which is better – “Warfarin” or “Trombo-Ass”? The first drug is the most effective, it reduces blood clotting.”Thrombo-Ass” – the same acetylsalicylic acid, but with a more gentle effect on the gastric mucosa.

What is the difference between Warfarin and Cardiomagnyl? The first drug is a strong anticoagulant that affects blood clotting. It is used in the treatment of arterial and pulmonary thrombosis, as well as thromboembolism.

Folk remedies for blood thinning without “Aspirin”

The drugs have many limitations, so you should take a closer look at other natural medicines (herbs, fruits, berries) and other grandmother’s recipes:

1. Plants that help thin the blood – white bark willow, medicinal sweet clover, roots of Caucasian dioscorea, hazel bark and leaves, horse chestnut, lungwort, ginkgo biloba leaves.
2. Thanks to the pharmacological properties of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), patients can get rid of increased stomach acidity and thick blood.
3. Cranberries are filled with a huge amount of vitamins. The increased content of ascorbic acid has a positive effect on the blood vessel wall, making it stronger, which reduces the likelihood of blood clots forming.

Dietary supplements

Dietary supplements can be recommended for patients who do not require medication.They will insignificantly affect the risk of blood clots, but side effects are less common. It is strictly forbidden to replace prescribed medications with dietary supplements or combine them with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.

Blood thinners include:

Drug	Action
Ivlaksin	Contains willow bark extract, similar in effect to Aspirin.
Garlick	Garlic extract reduces blood viscosity by eliminating cholesterol.
Ginkgo biloba	Improves microcirculation, protective antithrombotic properties of the vascular wall, inhibits platelet union.
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids	Normalize fat metabolism, prevent thrombosis, increase blood flow.

With varicose veins

Blood thinners prevent the progression of this disease, but only help with complex treatment, including the appointment of antiplatelet agents and vetotonics (to strengthen the vascular walls).Therefore, with varicose veins, it is practiced to prescribe drugs with a combined mechanism of action, antithrombotic, anti-exudative and anti-inflammatory effect (for example, Liaton gel, Dipyridamole tablets, solutions for subcutaneous injections into the abdomen of Clexan or Fraxiparin).

What are

The correct functioning of the organs and systems of the body depends on the viscosity of the blood. When it becomes thick, the body’s systems fail and lead to the emergence of various serious diseases.

Dangerous thick blood with a pathology such as varicose veins. To prevent this from happening, doctors prescribe medicines in combination with folk remedies.

When using medications, the patient during the period of treatment must be timely tested and monitored by a doctor in order to constantly monitor the state of health.

Medicines are not able to completely get rid of varicose veins or thrombosis.
They only contribute to blood thinning.

The dosage and medication are selected only by the attending physician on an individual basis.

In case of thrombosis

The formation of blood clots in thrombosis increases the risk of developing heart attacks of organs, the blood supply of which is impaired as a result of the progression of the disease. Initially intended to stop bleeding, blood clots move inside the vessels, disrupting blood circulation and creating acute conditions (heart attacks, strokes) that are life-threatening for the patient.

Patients with thrombosis are shown injections to thin the blood using injectable forms of direct antithrombotic enzymes (fibrinolysin) and indirect action (streptokinase, alteplase, streptodecase, tenecteplase, urokinase).For venous thrombosis, these drugs are used in a hospital setting, in acute conditions, with a direct threat to life. To prevent relapses of the disease, heparin or coumarins are prescribed, the duration of the courses is designed for a period of 3 to 6 months.

Causes and signs of blood thickening

Experts note many factors that can provoke blood thickening:

• insufficient intake of fluid in the body, its poor digestibility, the use of poor quality water;
• malfunctions of internal systems – kidney or liver disorders, enzyme deficiency, spleen hyperfunction;
• poor diet, eating foods high in sugar and salt deficiency;
• vitamin deficiency and lack of vitamins in food;
• The presence of toxins in the body and infection with parasites;
• sedentary nature of pastime;
• aggravation of health problems in the process of carrying a child;
• excessive body weight;
• psycho-emotional overload.

The most accurate diagnosis can be made as a result of the examination. Indirect methods, assessment with a viscometer, diagnostics for prothrombin, INR, and hemoscanning will be required. However, there are a number of symptoms that at the first stage of the development of the disease can indicate thickening:

• pain in the occipital region of the head;
• mild nausea;
• vascular pattern in several parts of the body;
• increase in blood pressure;
• feeling of general weakness;
• excessive daytime fatigue and sleepiness;
• Demonstration of excessive irritability;
• memory problems.

During pregnancy

Blood thinners during pregnancy should be selected with extreme caution, since taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents can cause miscarriage (in the first trimester) or premature birth (in the last months). Any appointments are made only by a specialist after diagnostic examinations, which must be passed clearly on time.

Starting from the second trimester, with hereditary thrombophilia or for other indications, a pregnant woman is prescribed Curantil.Taking Heparin is contraindicated only if there is a threat of miscarriage, since, according to studies, its active component does not penetrate the placental barrier. It is recommended to thin the blood of a woman during the period of carrying a child with the help of folk remedies and diet therapy, by eating foods that improve the composition of the blood and saturate it with oxygen.

medicines, natural folk remedies without aspirin

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A blood clot can cause serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at blood thinners for different types of heart disease and how they prevent and treat blood clots. We will also discuss the side effects and risks associated with taking these drugs.

What are blood thinners?

People take blood thinners to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism.

Blood clots can cause various types of heart disease.People can also develop heart disease if they have atherosclerosis, which is the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries.

• Blood clots can partially or completely block a blood vessel. They can form anywhere on the body, but are more common in certain areas.
• The area in which they develop will determine the degree of danger they pose.
• If a person has a blood clot in the blood vessels leading to the brain, they may have a stroke, while a blood clot in the blood vessels around the heart may lead to a heart attack.
• People with atrial fibrillation are also at risk of stroke due to blood clots in the heart.

Doctors use the term pulmonary embolism to refer to a blood clot in a major blood vessel in the lungs. A blood clot in the legs is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT can move and move towards the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism.


Blood thinners act on different methods of blood clotting. Doctors use drugs that block the factors that cause blood clots.

People with clots in their arteries due to platelet plug, a stage before a blood clot forms, may need a different type of blood thinner that affects certain blood cells, such as platelets.

Below we take a look at the different types of blood thinners for cardiovascular health.

Types

Today, doctors can choose from a variety of blood thinners. They will select the most appropriate drug based on the assessment of the person’s condition.The medical profession is likely to take into account the following factors:

• person’s family and personal medical history
• risk factors for the development of blood clots
• location of the blood clot
• severity of blockage

There are two categories of blood thinners: antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.

Antiplatelet agents

A person can receive antiplatelet drugs by intravenous or oral route.

Antiplatelet agents that people take by mouth include:

• Aspirin
• Clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Ticagrelor (Brilinta)
• Prasugrel
• Pentoxifylline (Trental)
• Cilostazol (Pletal)
• Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Injectable or intravenous antiplatelet agents include:

• Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
• Eptifibatid (Integrilin) ​​

Anticoagulants

In some situations, doctors prescribe anticoagulants.There are three classes of anticoagulants:

• heparin
• Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin
• new direct oral anticoagulants

The following table lists the drugs in these categories:

Blood clotting is a complex process that depends on many factors.

• Warfarin prevents the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
• New direct oral anticoagulants inhibit other factors, such as factor Xa or an enzyme called thrombin, both in the blood and in existing clots.
• Heparins also inactivate thrombin, which helps heal clots and prevent new ones from forming.

Side effects

People who take blood thinners are at increased risk of excessive bleeding.

If they cut themselves, the bleeding may take longer to stop. Sometimes bleeding may require medical attention.

Most common side effects of antiplatelet drugs include:

• easy to get bruised
• epistaxis
• blood in urine
• hemorrhage or large bleeding
• stomach bleeding
• Difficulty breathing due to ticagrelor
• low level of platelets in the blood
• aspirin-induced asthma
• nasal polyps

Warfarin can also cause bleeding, which can sometimes be serious.Some people may experience severe bleeding in the brain, eyes, and digestive tract.

Other side effects of warfarin include the following:

• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain
• swelling
• flatulence (gases)
• taste change

If a person experiences dangerous bleeding from warfarin, doctors may change the drug’s action by giving intravenous vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate.

Newer direct oral anticoagulants have a lower incidence of serious bleeding, including life-threatening bleeding and bleeding into the brain.

If people experience heavy bleeding or hemorrhage, doctors will stop giving them the medication and will give protamine sulfate, which inactivates heparin.

Other side effects that may occur when using heparin:

• low level of platelets in the blood
• osteoporosis
• fractures
• low levels of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates salt and water in the body
• allergic reactions

Interaction with other drugs

People taking blood thinners should tell their doctors about any other medications they are taking.Some blood thinners also interact with certain foods.

In general, combining blood thinners with other drugs that cause bleeding further increases a person’s risk of bleeding.

Antiplatelet drugs

Other substances that can interact with aspirin or antiplatelet drugs include:

• diuretics
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen
• steroids
• alcohol

Along with interactions with other blood thinners, Plavix and Effient may interact with opioids.Plavix also interacts with omeprazole (Prilosec), which reduces stomach acid.

Brilinta may interact with digoxin (Lanoxin) and high doses of simvastatin (Zocor) and lovastatin (Altoprev).

Warfarin

Physicians prescribing warfarin must alert the individual to the many drug-food interactions that occur with this anticoagulant.

Some substances that interact with warfarin include:

• antibiotics
• antifungal
• herbal or herbal products
• other anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
• Products containing vitamin K

People should have frequent blood tests when taking warfarin.Doctors will use a blood test to check the International Normalized Human Ratio (INR).

• This test provides important information to help clinicians determine the appropriate dosage for warfarin.
• If this value is too low, people are at risk of blood clotting, while too high a value indicates an increased risk of bleeding.

Doctors may also tell people on warfarin to pay attention to the vitamin K content of the foods they eat.

People taking warfarin should not completely avoid vitamin K, but they may need to limit their intake.

Heparin

Anyone taking heparin should avoid any medications that increase the risk of heavy bleeding.

If someone needs other blood thinners while taking heparin, doctors will need to monitor that person closely for signs of bleeding.

New direct oral anticoagulants

Compared to warfarin, newer direct oral anticoagulants may be safer options, although longer clinical use is required to confirm this.

These drugs also do not require people to make dietary changes or monitor INR.

Note, however, that newer direct oral anticoagulants may be more expensive than warfarin.

Natural blood thinners

Certain foods and supplements have a blood thinning effect. People who need to take prescription blood thinners should limit or avoid these foods and supplements, which can increase the risk of bleeding.