What is an allopathic doctor. How do they differ from osteopathic doctors. What education and training do allopathic doctors undergo. When should you see an allopathic doctor. What specialties do allopathic doctors practice in.

Understanding Allopathic Medicine: The Cornerstone of Modern Healthcare

Allopathic medicine, often referred to as Western, orthodox, mainstream, or conventional medicine, forms the foundation of today’s healthcare system. But what exactly is an allopathic doctor? An allopathic doctor, holding the title of Medical Doctor (MD), is a medical professional who practices modern medicine, utilizing a wide range of drugs, surgical procedures, and therapies to treat conditions, symptoms, and diseases.

The term “allopathic” derives from the Greek word “allo,” meaning “opposite.” This reflects the approach of treating symptoms with remedies that produce opposite effects. Over 90% of practicing physicians in the United States are allopathic doctors, highlighting the prevalence and importance of this medical tradition.

Allopathic vs. Osteopathic Medicine: Key Differences and Similarities

While allopathic doctors make up the majority of medical practitioners, it’s essential to understand how they differ from osteopathic doctors. Osteopathic physicians, holding the title of Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO), make up about 10% of practicing doctors in the United States.

Both allopathic and osteopathic doctors utilize modern medicine, technology, and pharmaceuticals in their practice. However, osteopathic doctors incorporate additional holistic care and philosophy into their approach. This holistic perspective often includes a focus on the musculoskeletal system and its impact on overall health.

Similarities between MDs and DOs:

• Both are fully licensed physicians
• Both can prescribe medications and perform surgeries
• Both can practice in all 50 states
• Both can specialize in various medical fields

Key differences:

• Educational approach: DOs receive additional training in Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)
• Philosophy: DOs tend to emphasize a more holistic approach to patient care
• Licensing exams: MDs take the USMLE, while DOs take the COMLEX-USA

The Extensive Education and Training of Allopathic Doctors

Becoming an allopathic doctor requires a rigorous and lengthy educational journey. How long does it take to become an allopathic doctor? The process typically involves:

1. Undergraduate degree: 4 years in a related field
2. Medical College Admission Test (MCAT): A standardized test required for medical school admission
3. Medical school: 4 years of intensive medical education
4. Residency: 3-7 years of hands-on training in a chosen specialty
5. Fellowship (optional): 1-3 years of additional specialized training

This extensive education and training equip allopathic doctors with the knowledge and skills necessary to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions, perform surgeries, and prescribe medications.

Specialties in Allopathic Medicine: A Diverse Field of Expertise

Allopathic medicine encompasses a vast array of specialties, allowing doctors to focus on specific areas of healthcare. The American Board of Medical Specialties recognizes 24 board-certified specialties, each with numerous subspecialties.

Some common specialties in allopathic medicine include:

• Cardiovascular medicine
• Neurology
• Oncology
• Pediatrics
• Surgery
• Family medicine
• Dermatology
• Orthopedics
• Internal medicine

This specialization allows allopathic doctors to develop deep expertise in specific areas of medicine, providing patients with highly specialized care when needed.

When to See an Allopathic Doctor: Recognizing the Signs

Understanding when to seek medical attention is crucial for maintaining good health. While minor ailments can often be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant a visit to an allopathic doctor.

Cold and Flu Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention:

• Fever of 101.3°F (38.5°C) or higher
• Fever lasting 5 days or more, or recurring fevers
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Severe sinus pain, headaches, earaches, or sore throat

Digestive Issues to Watch For:

• Persistent heartburn
• Difficulty swallowing
• Severe abdominal pain
• Chronic constipation
• Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
• Blood in stool
• Black, tar-like stools

Back Pain Red Flags:

• Constant pain spreading down the legs
• Back pain accompanied by fever, sweating, or swelling

Menstrual Concerns:

• Severe menstrual cramps
• Irregular cycles
• Bleeding between cycles
• Absence of menstruation for more than 3 months

These symptoms may indicate underlying health issues that require professional medical evaluation and treatment.

The Role of Allopathic Doctors in Preventive Care

While allopathic doctors are often associated with treating existing conditions, they play a crucial role in preventive care. Regular check-ups with an allopathic doctor can help identify potential health issues before they become serious problems.

Key aspects of preventive care provided by allopathic doctors:

• Health screenings and assessments
• Vaccinations
• Lifestyle counseling
• Early detection of chronic diseases
• Management of risk factors for various health conditions

By focusing on preventive care, allopathic doctors help patients maintain optimal health and reduce the risk of developing serious medical conditions.

The Future of Allopathic Medicine: Innovations and Challenges

As medical science continues to advance, allopathic medicine evolves to incorporate new technologies, treatments, and approaches. What does the future hold for allopathic medicine?

Emerging trends in allopathic medicine:

• Precision medicine tailored to individual genetic profiles
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning in diagnostics
• Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring
• Gene therapy and regenerative medicine
• Immunotherapy for cancer treatment

While these advancements promise to revolutionize healthcare, they also present challenges. Allopathic doctors must continually update their knowledge and skills to keep pace with rapidly evolving medical technologies and treatments.

The Importance of Patient-Doctor Communication in Allopathic Care

Effective communication between patients and allopathic doctors is crucial for optimal healthcare outcomes. How can patients make the most of their interactions with allopathic doctors?

Tips for effective patient-doctor communication:

• Prepare a list of questions and concerns before your appointment
• Be honest and thorough when describing your symptoms
• Don’t hesitate to ask for clarification if you don’t understand something
• Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you’re taking
• Follow up with your doctor if new symptoms arise or prescribed treatments aren’t effective

By fostering open and honest communication, patients and allopathic doctors can work together more effectively to achieve better health outcomes.

Allopathic doctors play a vital role in modern healthcare, providing a wide range of medical services from preventive care to specialized treatments. Their extensive training, diverse specialties, and commitment to evidence-based medicine make them essential partners in maintaining and improving public health. As medical science continues to advance, allopathic doctors will remain at the forefront of healthcare innovation, adapting to new technologies and treatments to provide the best possible care for their patients.

What Is an Allopathic Doctor? What They Do and How They Can Help You

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Does an Allopathic Doctor Do?
• Education and Training
• Reasons to See an Allopathic Doctor

Even if you aren’t familiar with the term, chances are that an allopathic doctor has helped you or treated you at some point during your lifetime. These medical professionals treat conditions, symptoms, or diseases using a range of drugs, surgery, or therapies.

Simply put, an allopathic doctor is one who practices modern medicine. Other terms for allopathic medicine include Western, orthodox, mainstream, or conventional medicine.

“Allo,” which comes from the Greek word for “opposite,” means to treat the symptom with its opposite, or remedy. Allopathic doctors may specialize in a number of areas of clinical practice and have the title of medical doctor, or MD.

An allopathic doctor uses allopathic treatments to help people with a variety of conditions or diseases.

They may choose to focus on research or teaching throughout their career, in addition to choosing a field in which to specialize. You can find them in private practice, hospitals, medical centers, universities, or clinics.

Medical doctors practice allopathic medicine, as opposed to osteopathic medicine. More than 90% of doctors currently practicing in the United States practice allopathic medicine and have the title MD.

The other 10% are doctors of osteopathic medicine, or osteopaths. They’re similar to allopathic doctors in that they use a variety of modern medicine, technology, and drugs to treat people. However, they also incorporate holistic care and philosophy into their practice.

An allopathic doctor is certified to diagnose and treat illnesses, in addition to performing surgery and prescribing medications. An allopathic doctor can get licensed to perform their duties in any of the 50 states of the United States.

All doctors who practice allopathy follow a similar path. First, they complete an undergraduate degree in a related field. Next, the candidate receives a satisfactory score on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and successfully completes four years or medical school.

After medical school, an allopathic doctor completes a residency program to get hands-on training alongside medical professionals. Depending on the specialty, a residency program can last from 3 to 7 years.

Some specialties in allopathy include:

• Cardiovascular medicine
• Neurology
• Oncology
• Pediatrics
• Surgery
• Family medicine
• Dermatology
• Orthopedics
• Internal medicine

The American Board of Medical Specialties recognizes 24 board-certified areas of specialties in allopathy. Within these specialties are many other subspecialties that an allopathic doctor may choose to focus on.

You may visit an allopathic doctor for a number of reasons. You might go when you have symptoms that interfere with your daily life or well-being. Examples include:

Cold and flu symptoms

Everyone gets the common cold now and then, but there are times when your symptoms are bad enough for you to seek medical attention. If you have these symptoms, it may be time to visit an allopathic doctor:

• A fever of 101.3 or higher
• Fever that lasts 5 days or more or keeps coming back
• You feel short of breath or experience wheezing
• Sinus pain, headaches, earaches, and a serious sore throat

Other Common Symptoms

You should also seek out allopathic care if you have any of the following ongoing symptoms. While many are common in the short term, these symptoms may be signs of a larger problem if they don’t go away.

• Digestive problems like:
  • Constant heartburn
  • Trouble swallowing
  • Severe belly pain
  • Ongoing constipation
  • Diarrhea that lasts more than 3 days
  • Blood in your poop
  • Poop that’s black and tar-like
• Back pain that’s:
  • Constant and spreads down your legs
  • Accompanied by sweating, fever, swelling, or redness on your back
• Period problems such as:
  • Severe cramps 
  • Irregular cycles
  • Bleeding between cycles
  • No cycle for more than 3 months

These are just a few examples of when it might be time to get allopathic care. An allopathic doctor is committed to helping people and improving their health. They’re there to listen, provide care, and help you improve your overall well-being.

Top Picks

Osteopathic Medicine: What Do DOs Do?

Written by Marisa Cohen

• The Big Picture
• A Hands-On Approach
• Range of Treatments

Doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) can take care of you from head to toe.

“We are fully licensed and certified physicians who have a few extra tools in our toolkit,” says William Burke, DO, dean of the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine in Dublin.

More than half of DOs focus on primary care as internists, family doctors, and pediatricians. Others go on to specialize in fields such as psychiatry, neurology, and cardiovascular surgery.

“MDs and DOs work side by side in virtually every hospital in the country,” Burke says.

A DO will check for the cause of your health problems, says Shannon Scott, DO, clinical associate professor at Midwestern University Clinics Arizona.

“We focus on prevention by looking at how your lifestyle and environment are affecting your health,” Scott says. “In a typical visit, I sit down and listen to what’s going on with your home, family, and work,” she says. “I’m interested in your mental, physical, and spiritual health.”

It’s a 360-degree view of your life and your health with several goals: ease symptoms, prevent future ones, ease stress, and help your body heal itself. Some DOs may be interested in and knowledgeable about complementary and alternative treatments. But the field of osteopathic medicine itself is mainstream.

One of the cornerstones of osteopathic medicine is all the body’s parts working together. DOs use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) to help identify and correct the source of the underlying health concerns.They use this technique to help treat low back pain, as well as a variety of other health problems, including headaches and sinus issues.

“You know the old song, ‘The knee bone’s connected to the thigh bone’? Well, it’s true,” Burke says. “The body is a unit, and if one thing is not functioning normally, it can affect everything else.”

If you have chest pain, for example, they will do a physical exam and run tests to rule out anything like pneumonia or heart disease. Then they will spend time looking at how the muscles and bones work together. “It might be that a rib is slightly displaced, and we can correct that,” Burke says. If it’s something more serious, like heart disease, you’ll get the standard medical treatment that an MD would provide.

If you have lower back pain or leg pain, your DO will look at the length of your legs — one may be slightly longer than the other — and how you walk.

Though all DOs are trained in OMT, not all of them use it. This treatment works most often to relieve pain, help you move better, and promote healing. Some DOs also use it to help treat asthma, sinus disorders, menstrual pain, and migraines.

Some medical issues require prescription medicines or surgery. Of course, DOs will recommend those when needed. But they will often try to limit the amount needed or eliminate it altogether.

“Our patients expect to hear what options they have,” Scott says. “They may say to us, ‘If I can make a change in my lifestyle first and avoid having surgery, let’s look at that first.’”

Top Picks

List of doctors of medical sciences in Russia, the youngest doctor of sciences

Contents

• How many doctors of sciences in Russia
• Where can I find a list of all doctors of sciences
• How to check if a particular person is a doctor or candidate of sciences
• The youngest doctor of sciences in Russia Russia

Doctor of Science degrees are awarded to the most purposeful, persistent, competent scientists in their field of knowledge. The scientific degree of a doctor follows the degree of a candidate, in Russia it is the highest.

The PhD degree can be obtained in 23 branches of scientific knowledge, including medicine.

The defense of a doctoral dissertation gives the right to receive the title of professor. The difference between a doctor of science and a professor is that the first concept is an academic degree, and the second is a position or title, which is approved if a doctor of science is engaged in pedagogical and research activities. The doctoral degree is approved by the Higher Attestation Commission, the highest attestation commission established under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, after a public defense of the dissertation before the relevant council.

How many doctors of science are there in Russia

In recent years, the ratio of the number of doctoral dissertations to the total number of all defended theses has increased in favor of doctoral degrees. At the same time, the number of defended scientists decreased by 15-16 thousand, and the number of doctors of medical sciences, for example, increased by approximately 5 thousand people. It is not easy to defend a doctoral dissertation. Such work must necessarily contain a solution to a serious, important scientific problem or a major discovery. The relevance of the work, weighty evidence of their hypotheses must be presented to the dissertation council, the expert council of the Higher Attestation Commission, authoritative scientists, and the scientific elite. But, nevertheless, every fourth scientist has a doctorate degree (a few years ago – every sixth).

Statistics on the ratio and number of scientists in the Russian Federation is in the public domain.

There are statistical collections containing this information, such information is published by some scientific journals and the website of the Academy of Sciences. It is interesting to analyze the various percentages of the quantitative and qualitative composition of scientists by industry, age, gender, years of dissertation defense.

High achievements in all branches of science are achieved by women who have doctoral degrees. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, the names of women who have made a huge contribution to medicine, the improvement of medical techniques, the discovery of new drugs are known not only in Russia, but also in the world:

1. Ermolyeva Z. – microbiologist, epidemiologist, creator of antibiotics;
2. Skorokhodova O. – defectologist, deaf-mute female scientist, the only one in the world;
3. Bekhtereva N. – neurosurgeon scientist of world renown;
4. Sukhareva G. – an outstanding psychiatrist;
5. Namazova-Baranova L. – Director of the Research Institute of Pediatrics – a fighter for the vaccination of children.

Where can I find a list of all PhDs

A list of all or almost all doctors of science, but only those who are engaged in research work, can be found on the VAK website. More often it is a list of topics of their dissertations. Since 2011, the Higher Attestation Commission has planned to create a single database of candidate and doctoral dissertations. In addition to the role of reference information, such a database is designed to help identify fake dissertations, the presence of plagiarism, unscrupulous applicants and their supervisors.

Every major scientific organization has a list of its scientists and their achievements. The RAS publishes lists of academicians and corresponding members. Now a large number of electronic libraries with dissertations have been created, which can be found by learning a lot about their authors. But as such, complete lists of PhDs can hardly be found. There are more than 3,000 dissertation defense councils in Russia. The VAK has a desire and a goal to streamline their activities, but this is a long, difficult process.

How to check if a particular person is a doctor or candidate of science

The surest way is to ask to see the diploma of a candidate or doctor of science. If this is not possible, then you can indirectly check the presence of a candidate’s and doctoral dissertation in the RSL https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#q=Startseva%20Olesya%20Igorevna
But you need to understand that there are about 600 thousand dissertations in the RSL and on such an array, full names are often repeated.

Diploma authentication is a separate topic. For this, there is a registry of Rosobrnadzor: http://frdocheck.obrnadzor.gov.ru

The youngest doctor of science in Russia

Although for a PhD degree:

• a huge research work must be done;
• Ph.D. thesis defended;
• written hundreds of scientific articles published in authoritative collections;
• a scientific discovery is made, a fundamental theory is created, or an actual problem is solved,

and all this takes a lot of time, in Russia there are many young doctors of science, including medical ones. Among them are doctors – practitioners, researchers working in theoretical medicine.

The youngest doctor of medical sciences in Russia is Sergeev A.Yu. At the time of his doctoral defense, he was 27 years old.

Specialization – mycology. Leading specialist-mycologist of the Institute of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. He deals with the problems of onychomycosis – nail fungus. He is known for his works and scientific activities not only in Russia, but also in Europe. Honorary Professor of the US Research Institute of Mycology. Member of the Council of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology, Permanent Representative of Russia to ECMM and ISHAM.

At the same age, a Dagestan scientist in the field of physical and mathematical sciences from Dagestan, Zaur Alisultanov, defended his doctoral dissertation. In his work, he investigated the electronic properties of graphene, a material used in nanoelectronics. It is difficult to say how many young and talented doctors and professors there are – it is growing every day.

But according to the statistics of the Higher Attestation Commission, the second place in terms of youth among doctors and candidates after technical sciences is occupied by medical ones.

If in other industries between the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations on average 13 years pass, then in medicine 11.

The terms of protection of scientific works, their quality, the reliability of research, in addition to talent, perseverance of a scientist, are very strongly influenced by:

1. government support for scientists;
2. availability of material, technical and laboratory facilities.

Without these important components, the successful development of science as a whole is impossible. Any new ideas, talent, achievements of a researcher are often smashed by all sorts of bureaucratic obstacles or a banal lack of funds.

Back to list

2 comments

0 Anastasia Trusova 05/05/2023
Quote Veronica Kotova writes: Hello. I am Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. I work as a practicing doctor. The deadline for the next recertification for the highest qualification category in surgery is coming up. Question: Can I confirm the category in absentia by submitting an application to the certification commission of the regional Ministry of Health? If so, please help with justification and reference to some normative act. Thank you Good afternoon! Yes, you can: Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 1083n dated November 22, 2021 “On the procedure and terms for medical and pharmaceutical workers to pass certification to obtain a qualification category.”
Name Quote 0

What is a doctorate and doctor of science: who is awarded

Contents

• who is awarded a doctorate
• Candidate of science and doctor of science: what is the difference
• Doctor of military sciences: who is it 90 006
• Famous PhDs
• What kind of doctors are there
• Doctor of Medical Sciences
• Doctor of Arts
• Doctor of Law (or Law)

Is it true that a doctoral degree opens up new career horizons for its owner? How difficult is it to achieve top marks for recognition of research achievements in a chosen case? These questions are asked by many representatives of the scientific community, where the question “when will you defend your doctoral thesis?” one of the most frequently asked questions.

The PhD degree is evidence of special scientific or professional achievement and commitment.

A doctor of science is, as a rule, an outstanding person who is able to simultaneously master a huge amount of theoretical knowledge, keep up with the times, constantly studying the experience of colleagues and the latest achievements in his specialization, and most importantly, to search for non-standard solutions that can become the subject of in-depth scientific research

You can find out what the form of a doctoral diploma looks like in our article.

To whom the doctoral degree is awarded

It is officially considered that the applicant for a scientific degree is an individual who carries out pedagogical and research activities and participated in the public defense of a doctoral dissertation. Postgraduate or doctoral studies are not a prerequisite for this.

Specialists who already have a Ph. D. degree apply for the degree, it can also be employees of universities or research institutes that conduct independent research activities on an ongoing basis.

Applicants attached to a particular organization are required, like graduate students, to undergo an annual assessment. In any case, the applicant for the Russian scientific degree of Doctor of Science must have a PhD degree.

From the history of the issue

For the first time, the procedure for obtaining, so to speak, this merit in Russia was officially regulated in 1819 in the “Regulations on the production of academic degrees.” The document contained a list of sciences in which applicants were examined. At 19In 17, by a decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR, all academic degrees were eliminated as a relic of capitalism and restored in the USSR only in 1934, by analogy with the pre-revolutionary system. In 1937, a list of branches in the scientific field was determined, in which dissertations are defended. The right to approve doctoral dissertations has been transferred to the Higher Attestation Commission.

You can order a doctoral dissertation on our website.

Basic requirements for applicants

In recent years, the procedure for awarding doctoral degrees has become much more complicated. Once upon a time, it was possible to become a doctor of science without first defending a Ph.D. thesis. Now the presence of this merit, awarded by the dissertation council, is the main condition for defending a doctoral thesis.

The defense requires the preliminary provision of a list of the applicant’s publications, the list of scientific publications that are authoritative enough to place publications of applicants for a scientific degree is very limited. These are officially registered and peer-reviewed journals, the list of which is determined by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (VAK).

Not so long ago, only the attestation commission could make a decision on the assignment of this merit. Only this structure could make, for example, a decision on admission to the defense of a doctoral degree in the form of a scientific report in the presence of a Ph.D. But at present, some institutions of a scientific and educational nature have acquired the right to independently award academic degrees.

Thus, in order to be awarded the degree of Doctor of Science in our country, you must have:

• Candidate of Science diploma;
• doctoral thesis
• patents for inventions, or published in peer-reviewed periodicals from the list of HAC the main scientific results of a doctoral dissertation.

The official document that regulates the procedure for awarding academic degrees at the present time is Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 24, 2013 No 842 “On the procedure for awarding academic degrees”.

Previously, a doctoral dissertation could be submitted in the form:

• manuscript
• scientific report (only with the permission of the commission, and only if it is of great importance for science in the relevant field)
• monographs (in which the topic of the dissertation is fully explored from all sides, received scientific review.

At the moment, the text of the dissertation is required for defense.

Candidate of Science and Doctor of Science: What is the difference

In accordance with the regulation on the award of academic degrees, the main differences between a doctor and a candidate of sciences are as follows:

Doctor of military sciences: who is this

Doctor of Military Works is the highest academic degree in the Russian Federation for persons conducting research in the field of military science. The degree was established on March 20, 1937. Awarded by the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on the basis of the decision of the dissertation council, adopted based on the results of the public defense of the dissertation by the applicant.

Based on the results of a successful defense, the doctor of military sciences receives a diploma of the established form. Until April 1979, the degree of Doctor of Naval Sciences was also awarded.

Famous PhDs

List of famous PhD scientists who have achieved success in science and sports:

• Ernest Rutherford is the “father” of nuclear physics and Nobel Prize in Chemistry. As a young man he played rugby at Nelson College and Canterbury University.

• Ivan Pavlov is a famous Soviet physiologist. While working at the Institute of Experimental Medicine, he attended the gym. He loved gymnastics. He organized the “Society of Physicians – Lovers of Exercise and Cycling”.

• Rosalind Franklin is an English biophysicist. She made a great contribution to the study of the structure of DNA.

• Meredith Gurdin is an American athlete, engineer, and physicist. Received a PhD in engineering physics and filed more than 30 patents for his inventions.

• Edwin Hubble – astronomer and cosmologist of the 20th century. The Hubble telescope is named after him.

Doctors of Science

Changes have also taken place in the list of specialties for which it is possible to award the degree of Doctor of Science. This list has been reduced from 580 to 412, while new specialties are also included, for example, geoecology or geoinformatics. However, the list of scientific branches remained the same. These are 26 groups of specialties: for more details, you can read this information in the article.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education and Science, traditionally, the number of doctoral dissertations is the largest in the medical, technical, economic and physical and mathematical fields. The procedure for awarding such an achievement is standard, however, each industry and specialty has its own characteristics and professional requirements.

MD

For example, the medical field in terms of the number of applicants for the degree of Doctor of Science leads among other industries. This is not surprising: in Russia there are many truly talented doctors with serious scientific achievements. A doctor of medical sciences is an honor, it increases the trust of patients and authority among colleagues, provides extensive prospects for self-realization and career growth: the most reputable clinics and institutes are ready to accept a doctor with the highest academic degree in their staff.

You can get the degree of Doctor of Medicine after defending a thesis, which highlights the solution of a serious practical problem based on colossal scientific medical work.

As a rule, applicants for a doctoral degree combine direct medical activity with teaching. The position of professor, doctor of medical sciences, is received by an employee who has a high level of pedagogical skills in a higher professional educational institution, who has experience, published textbooks, scientific publications, and a certain number of trained graduate students.

You can find the list of doctors of medical sciences in Russia in our article.

Doctor of Arts

But a doctor of art history is a rarer occurrence. Art history is a special area where a specialist must have the most extensive knowledge not only in a certain specialization, but also in general in the history and theory of art, as well as the ability for art criticism and outstanding results of their own research. In the USSR, the name of the doctoral degree sounded differently: Doctor of Arts. Often, doctors of art history also have academic degrees in related fields of study: history, philosophy, and so on.

Doctor of law (or legal sciences)

Doctor of Laws is an academic degree awarded in the field of law. In different countries, the degree may mean a research doctorate or a professional degree for law graduates (for example, in the USA).

In Russia, the degree is referred to as Doctor of Law.

Back to list

8 comments

0 Kristina Lukyanova 09/26/2019
Quote Diana Kirillova writes: Hello, please explain the whole way to the doctor of science. How to start almost from scratch after school? Good afternoon. Complete higher education. Enter graduate school. Defend a Ph.D. thesis and become a Ph.D. Defend a doctoral dissertation and become a doctor of science. But you need to understand that this is a very long process. Each stage has its own nuances and requirements. To enroll in graduate school, you need to pass exams in history, philosophy, a foreign language and a profile subject in your specialization. Candidate of Sciences must write a dissertation, pass candidate examinations, have a number of scientific publications. An employee wishing to become a Doctor of Science must have: a) an academic degree of a Candidate of Sciences or an academic degree obtained in a foreign country, recognized in the Russian Federation, the holder of which is granted the same academic and (or) professional rights as the candidate Sciences in the Russian Federation; b) teaching and (or) scientific work experience of at least 5 years; c) at least 1 year of work experience in the sending organization; ; computers, databases, topologies of integrated circuits registered in the prescribed manner; e) a dissertation preparation plan.
Name Quote 0

0 Kristina Lukyanova 11/01/2019
Quote Svetlana Karimova writes: Please explain what the title “doctor of economics” is? I see this often in the biographies of people who certainly did not defend any dissertations. Thank you. Degree Doctor of Economics is applicable to foreign specialists and in their way sounds like doctor of economics. Despite the fact that the system of Russian and foreign education differs, in order to receive the title of doctor of economics, it is necessary to defend a dissertation. Indicating in their biography, perhaps they interpret this concept in a different way. Or, nevertheless, they are the owners of this title, having gone through the entire defense procedure.
Name Quote 0

0 Kristina Lukyanova 02/11/2020
Quote Yuzefa Belchegesheva writes: How to check if a person is a candidate of medical sciences. Lebedeva Olga Viktorovna Available on the RSL website. But Lebedeva Olga Viktorovna was not found. Maybe there is some other data? For example, the title of the dissertation or the year it was written? You can see the search results at the link: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#vc=14.00.00&q=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9E% D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0 %B0.
Name Quote 0

0 Kristina Lukyanova 01/16/2021
Quote Shatokhin Matvey writes: Hello, tell me, I graduated from a medical university, in my diploma it says “Qualification of a doctor and the title of doctor of medicine. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website