What are cysts and how do they form. What are the different types of cysts and their causes. How are cysts diagnosed and treated. What complications can arise from untreated cysts. When should you seek medical attention for a cyst.

What Are Cysts and How Do They Form?

Cysts are abnormal sacs filled with fluid that can develop in various parts of the body. They range in size from tiny, barely noticeable pouches to large, fluid-filled bags. But what exactly causes these peculiar formations?

Several factors can contribute to cyst formation:

• Blocked ducts leading to fluid accumulation
• Cellular defects
• Impact injuries causing blood vessel rupture
• Parasitic infections

In many cases, cysts form without any apparent reason. However, understanding their potential causes can help in prevention and early detection.

Common Types of Cysts and Their Characteristics

Cysts can manifest in various forms throughout the body. Here are some of the most common types:

Arachnoid Cysts

These cysts form in the arachnoid membrane covering the brain. They’re often congenital, meaning babies can be born with them. How are arachnoid cysts treated? If necessary, surgical drainage is the primary treatment option.

Bartholin’s Cysts

Located inside the vagina, Bartholin’s cysts occur when the ducts of the Bartholin glands become blocked. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery and antibiotics.

Breast Cysts

Breast cysts are usually painful and require drainage with a needle. It’s important to note that there’s some evidence suggesting breast cysts might indicate an increased risk of breast cancer, emphasizing the need for regular check-ups.

Ovarian Cysts

While most ovarian cysts are benign, they can grow to substantial sizes, sometimes giving the appearance of pregnancy. Cysts smaller than 5cm are often a normal part of egg formation during reproductive years. In some cases, these cysts can be cancerous, necessitating surgical intervention.

Sebaceous Cysts

These cysts form when sebaceous fluid builds up inside a pore or hair follicle, creating a hard lump filled with thick, greasy matter. Sebaceous cysts are common on the face, back, scalp, and scrotum. Treatment options include medication, drainage, or surgical removal.

Diagnosis and Medical Attention for Cysts

When should you seek medical attention for a cyst? Any unusual lump or growth should be investigated by a healthcare professional. This is crucial because some cysts can be cancerous, and early treatment is vital.

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical examination
2. Imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)
3. Biopsy in some cases

Healthcare providers will assess the size, location, and characteristics of the cyst to determine the best course of action.

Treatment Options for Cysts

How are cysts typically treated? The most common treatment for cysts is surgical removal. However, the approach may vary depending on the type, size, and location of the cyst. Here are some treatment options:

• Drainage: Some cysts can be drained using a needle
• Medication: Certain cysts may respond to drug treatments
• Surgery: Removal of the entire cyst is often necessary
• Observation: In some cases, small, non-problematic cysts may be monitored without immediate intervention

For cancerous cysts, treatment will depend on the size, location, and whether cancer cells have spread. This may involve surgical removal of the cyst and surrounding tissue, followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Potential Complications of Untreated Cysts

While many cysts are benign, leaving them untreated can lead to serious complications. What are the risks associated with untreated cysts?

• Infection: The cyst may fill with bacteria and pus, forming an abscess. If this bursts inside the body, it can lead to blood poisoning (septicaemia).
• Peritonitis: If an internal cyst ruptures, it can cause inflammation of the abdominal wall lining.
• Chronic pain: Large or strategically located cysts can cause ongoing discomfort or pain.
• Interference with organ function: Depending on their location, cysts can impair the normal function of nearby organs.

These potential complications underscore the importance of proper medical evaluation and treatment of cysts.

Prevention and Management of Cysts

While it’s not always possible to prevent cysts, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk and manage existing cysts:

• Maintain good hygiene to prevent infection
• Avoid tight clothing that can irritate the skin
• Manage underlying health conditions that may contribute to cyst formation
• Perform regular self-examinations to detect any unusual lumps or growths
• Attend regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

If you notice any unusual lumps or growths, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications and ensure better outcomes.

Cysts and Cancer: Understanding the Connection

Is there a link between cysts and cancer? While most cysts are benign, some can be cancerous or precancerous. This is why all cysts should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

In cases where a cyst is suspected to be cancerous, additional tests may be performed:

• Biopsy: A sample of the cyst’s contents or wall is examined under a microscope
• Advanced imaging: PET scans or specialized MRIs may be used to detect cancerous activity
• Tumor marker tests: Blood tests can check for proteins associated with certain types of cancer

It’s important to remember that the presence of a cyst doesn’t necessarily indicate cancer. However, proper evaluation is crucial for peace of mind and appropriate treatment if necessary.

Living with Cysts: Coping Strategies and Support

For individuals living with recurring or chronic cysts, coping strategies can be helpful:

• Pain management techniques, including over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications
• Stress reduction methods, as stress can exacerbate some types of cysts
• Support groups for individuals with specific types of cysts
• Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers to monitor cyst progression and adjust treatment as needed

Remember, you’re not alone in dealing with cysts. Many people experience them, and there are resources available to help you manage your condition effectively.

Advances in Cyst Treatment: New Technologies and Approaches

Medical science continues to advance, bringing new hope for individuals dealing with cysts. What are some of the latest developments in cyst treatment?

• Minimally invasive procedures: Advanced surgical techniques allow for smaller incisions and faster recovery times
• Targeted therapies: For certain types of cysts, medications that target specific cellular pathways are being developed
• Immunotherapy: This approach harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancerous cysts
• Ablation techniques: Using heat, cold, or electrical currents to destroy cyst tissue without traditional surgery

These advancements offer new options for patients, potentially reducing recovery times and improving outcomes. However, it’s important to discuss all available options with your healthcare provider to determine the best approach for your specific situation.

Cysts in Different Age Groups: From Pediatric to Geriatric Concerns

Cysts can affect individuals of all ages, but their prevalence and characteristics may vary across different life stages. How do cysts manifest in different age groups?

Pediatric Cysts

In children, certain types of cysts are more common:

• Dermoid cysts: Often present at birth, these cysts contain tissue from multiple cell types
• Branchial cleft cysts: These appear on the neck and are remnants of embryonic development
• Thyroglossal duct cysts: Located in the front of the neck, these are related to thyroid gland development

Early detection and treatment of pediatric cysts are crucial to prevent complications during growth and development.

Cysts in Adults

Adults may experience a wide variety of cysts, including:

• Ovarian cysts in women of reproductive age
• Sebaceous cysts on the skin
• Ganglion cysts near joints or tendons
• Renal cysts in the kidneys

Regular health check-ups can help detect these cysts early, allowing for timely intervention when necessary.

Geriatric Considerations

In older adults, certain types of cysts become more prevalent:

• Liver cysts
• Pancreatic cysts
• Tarlov cysts along the spine

These cysts may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. Management often involves weighing the risks of treatment against the potential complications of the cyst itself, considering the overall health of the individual.

Cysts and Lifestyle: Impact on Daily Activities

How do cysts affect daily life? The impact of cysts on lifestyle can vary widely depending on their location, size, and whether they cause pain or other symptoms. Some individuals may experience:

• Limitations in physical activity due to pain or discomfort
• Cosmetic concerns, particularly with visible skin cysts
• Anxiety or stress related to the presence of cysts or pending medical procedures
• Interference with reproductive plans, in the case of certain ovarian cysts

Managing these impacts often involves a combination of medical treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Working closely with healthcare providers can help develop strategies to minimize the effect of cysts on daily activities and overall quality of life.

Nutrition and Cysts: Is There a Connection?

While diet isn’t directly linked to cyst formation in most cases, nutrition can play a role in overall health and potentially influence cyst development or management. Consider the following dietary factors:

• Anti-inflammatory foods: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation associated with some types of cysts
• Hydration: Adequate water intake is crucial for overall health and may help prevent certain types of cysts, such as those in the kidneys
• Balanced hormones: For hormone-related cysts, like some ovarian cysts, a diet that supports hormonal balance may be beneficial
• Immune system support: A well-balanced diet can help maintain a strong immune system, potentially reducing the risk of infection in existing cysts

While dietary changes shouldn’t replace medical treatment, they can be a valuable part of an overall health strategy. Always consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian before making significant changes to your diet, especially if you’re managing a medical condition.

Genetic Factors and Cysts: Understanding Hereditary Risks

Are some people genetically predisposed to developing cysts? Genetic factors can indeed play a role in the development of certain types of cysts. Some hereditary conditions associated with cyst formation include:

• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): This inherited disorder causes numerous cysts to form in the kidneys
• Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: This condition can lead to cysts in various organs, including the kidneys, pancreas, and central nervous system
• Gardner’s Syndrome: Associated with multiple sebaceous cysts and other growths
• PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): While not solely genetic, there appears to be a hereditary component to this condition involving ovarian cysts

Understanding your family history can be crucial in assessing your risk for certain types of cysts. If you have a family history of cystic conditions, discuss this with your healthcare provider. They may recommend genetic counseling or more frequent screenings to monitor for cyst development.

Psychological Aspects of Living with Cysts

The psychological impact of cysts is an often-overlooked aspect of the condition. How does living with cysts affect mental health? Many individuals may experience:

• Anxiety about potential complications or the need for medical procedures
• Depression, particularly if cysts cause chronic pain or limit daily activities
• Body image issues, especially with visible cysts
• Stress related to medical expenses or time off work for treatments

Coping with these psychological challenges is an important part of overall cyst management. Consider the following strategies:

1. Seek support from friends, family, or support groups
2. Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
3. Consider professional counseling or therapy
4. Stay informed about your condition to reduce uncertainty and fear

Remember, your mental health is just as important as your physical health. Don’t hesitate to discuss any psychological concerns with your healthcare provider, as they can provide resources or referrals to mental health professionals if needed.

Future Directions in Cyst Research and Treatment

What does the future hold for cyst research and treatment? Ongoing scientific investigations are paving the way for innovative approaches to understanding, diagnosing, and treating cysts. Some promising areas of research include:

• Genetic profiling: Identifying specific genetic markers associated with cyst formation could lead to more personalized treatment approaches
• Nanotechnology: Tiny, targeted delivery systems could potentially treat cysts more effectively with fewer side effects
• Artificial Intelligence: Advanced AI algorithms may improve cyst detection and classification in imaging studies
• Regenerative medicine: Stem cell therapies could potentially help repair tissues damaged by cysts
• Immunotherapy: Harnessing the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cyst cells

These cutting-edge research areas offer hope for more effective, less invasive treatments in the future. While many of these approaches are still in the experimental stages, they represent exciting possibilities for improving cyst management and patient outcomes.

As research progresses, it’s important for individuals affected by cysts to stay informed about new developments. Regular communication with healthcare providers can help ensure access to the most current and appropriate treatment options as they become available.

Cysts – Better Health Channel

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Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• Cysts are abnormal sacs of fluid that can form anywhere in the body.
• If left untreated, benign cysts can lead to a range of serious complications, including blood poisoning.
• Surgical removal is the most common treatment.

A cyst is an abnormal pocket of fluid, like a blister, that can form in many different areas of the body including the skin, genitals and internal organs. A cyst can vary in size from a tiny sac right up to a heavy bag containing litres of fluid. The common symptom is swelling around the area, but a cyst may or may not be painful. Sometimes, depending on the cause and location, a cyst contains semi-solid or solid material.

The typical treatment for any cyst is removal by surgery and a routine test for cancer, even though most cysts are benign. All unusual lumps need to be investigated by a qualified health professional.

Causes of cysts

Most cysts form for no apparent reason. Some of the known causes of cysts include:

• Blocked ducts, which cause a build-up of fluid
• A defect in the cells
• An impact injury that pops a blood vessel
• A parasite.

Different cysts and treatment

Some of the different types of cysts include:

• Arachnoid cyst – the arachnoid membrane covers the brain. A baby may be born with an arachnoid cyst. It is caused by the arachnoid membrane doubling up or splitting to form an abnormal pocket of cerebrospinal fluid. This can be treated by surgical drainage if necessary.
• Bartholin’s cyst – the Bartholin glands are situated inside the vagina. A cyst occurs if the ducts become blocked. Treatment includes surgery and antibiotics.
• Breast cyst – these cysts are usually painful and need to be drained with a needle. There is some evidence that breast cysts might indicate an increased risk of breast cancer.
• Cystic hygroma – occasionally, a baby is born with a small cyst or bursa. This birth defect can be corrected with surgery.
• Hydatid disease – a small tapeworm forms cysts in the liver or lungs. The tapeworm eggs are spread by contact with infected dogs, their faeces (poo) or anything contaminated with faeces such as soil. Treatment includes surgery and drugs.
• Ovarian cyst – most are benign, but can grow to such a size that the woman looks pregnant. Cysts less than 5cm are a common part of normal egg formation in the reproductive years. Sometimes, bleeding occurs into these cysts (this is called a haemorrhagic cyst). In some cases, the cysts are cancerous. Treatment includes surgery.
• Pilonidal disease – a cyst forms in the skin of the lower back, sometimes containing an ingrown hair. Pilonidal cysts can grow in clusters and sometimes create a hole or cavity in the skin. Treatment includes draining the cyst or surgical removal.
• Sebaceous cyst – the skin is lubricated by sebaceous fluid. This fluid can build up inside a pore or hair follicle and form a hard lump filled with thick, greasy matter. When squeezed, a small dome-shaped projection will appear (the punctum), representing the opening of the cyst. This may allow material to be expressed (squeezed out). Treatment includes drugs, draining the cyst with a small needle, or removal by surgery. Sebaceous cysts are common on the face, back, scalp and scrotum.

Diagnosis of cysts

All unusual lumps need to be investigated. Some cysts are cancerous and early treatment is vital. If left untreated, benign cysts can cause serious complications including:

• Infection – the cyst fills with bacteria and pus, and becomes an abscess. If the abscess bursts inside the body, there is a risk of blood poisoning (septicaemia).
• Peritonitis – if an internal cyst bursts, there is a risk of peritonitis, which is inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall.

Cancerous cysts

If a cyst is cancerous, treatment will depend on its size and location and on whether or not cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. The cyst will be surgically removed along with surrounding tissue. Further treatment might include radiotherapy (using x-rays to kill cancer cells) or chemotherapy (drugs).

Where to get help

• Your doctor

Things to remember

• Cysts are abnormal sacs of fluid that can form anywhere in the body.
• If left untreated, benign cysts can lead to a range of serious complications, including blood poisoning.
• Surgical removal is the most common treatment.

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Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 21-08-2014

What to Expect After an Ovarian Cyst Ruptures

A ruptured ovarian cyst usually isn’t a medical emergency or cause for concern. You can typically manage symptoms with over-the-counter pain medication.

If you experience a ruptured ovarian cyst, you can expect to feel sudden abdominal pain or pelvic pain.

The most common type of ovarian cyst happens when you ovulate: The cyst ruptures (or bursts) to release the egg. In some cases, this can feel painful, but it isn’t a cause for concern, and the pain usually goes away on its own.

Symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst may also include:

• bleeding from the vagina
• feeling faint
• fever
• nausea
• tenderness in the pelvic or abdominal area
• vomiting
• weakness

Ovarian cysts might also rupture without producing any symptoms at all.

Usually, a ruptured ovarian cyst isn’t a medical emergency.

If you experience sudden pelvic or abdominal pain, you can usually manage this at home with over-the-counter pain medication and a warm compress. Resting might also help.

However, if you have severe pelvic pain — especially pain that makes it difficult to do your typical daily activities — you should make an appointment to see a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

If the pain is excruciating or consistent, you should go to the emergency room.

You should also visit the emergency room if you have pelvic or abdominal pain accompanied by other unusual symptoms, such as a fever or lower back pain. These symptoms may be caused by another condition — one that may need treatment.

When in doubt, it’s best to get a medical professional to diagnose the cause and suggest a treatment program if needed.

It’s not always easy to tell if an ovarian cyst has ruptured. Other conditions may also cause symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst.

The most notable sign of a ruptured ovarian cyst is sudden abdominal or pelvic pain.

However, the only way to be sure that it’s caused by a cyst is to go to a healthcare professional. Usually, an ovarian cyst (ruptured or unruptured) can be diagnosed by ultrasound.

If you’re experiencing severe pain, your clinician might use several tests to determine the cause. This can include:

• pregnancy test
• blood test
• urine test
• ultrasound

These tests can help them determine whether another condition is causing your pain, such as a kidney infection, ectopic pregnancy, or endometriosis.

Most ruptured ovarian cysts aren’t harmful and don’t cause complications.

However, in some situations, a ruptured cyst may be accompanied by heavy blood loss. In this case, you might need to be admitted to the hospital for observation, as it can signify hemoperitoneum.

Hemoperitoneum is internal bleeding affecting the peritoneal cavity between the lining of the abdominal wall and your internal organs.

You might need laparoscopic surgery to stop the bleeding and pain.

A ruptured ovarian cyst can cause pain and discomfort. Usually, you can manage this pain at home.

You can try the following:

• over-the-counter pain medication
• a warm compress, such as a hot water bottle
• resting in certain yoga poses
• gently massaging your stomach

Over time, the pain usually dissipates. If it’s persistent or severe, seek medical help.

You should go to the emergency room if the pain is excruciating, especially if it doesn’t go away with pain medication, or repetitive — that is, if you feel it often.

Pelvic pain can be caused by something other than ruptured ovarian cysts. It’s not always easy to tell whether the pain is caused by an ovarian cyst or another condition, like an infection.

As such, you should also visit the emergency room if you have pelvic or abdominal pain that’s accompanied by:

• bloating
• dull aches in your lower back
• fainting or dizziness
• fever and chills
• frequent urination
• heavy bleeding
• pain while urinating
• pain on the lower right side of your abdomen or around your belly button, which could suggest appendicitis
• unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• vomiting

In some cases, the above symptoms could be signs of other health conditions, some of which might require immediate medical attention.

Ovarian cysts usually go away on their own, but if the pain is significant, your clinician might suggest a course of treatment.

This could involve:

• oral contraceptives, which can prevent the development of new cysts (if you frequently get ovarian cysts)
• a laparoscopy which involves making a tiny incision to surgically remove the cyst
• a laparotomy, which might be necessary if the cyst is large or if you’re at risk of ovarian cancer

A clinician will discuss treatment options and help you weigh the potential risks and benefits.

Is surgery necessary after an ovarian cyst rupture?

No. In fact, most ovarian cyst ruptures don’t require clinical treatment — the symptoms usually go away without complications.

However, a healthcare professional might suggest surgery if you have a cyst that doesn’t go away or is causing complications.

How long does it take to recover from a ruptured ovarian cyst?

It can take a few hours to a few days for the discomfort to go away. If the pain gets worse or doesn’t go away, contact a medical professional.

However, if you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need to stay in the hospital for one or more days.

Can ovarian cysts rupture more than once?

Ovarian cysts usually only rupture once. Once they burst, they release the fluid. However, it’s possible to have multiple cysts at once or to develop another cyst once one has ruptured.

What causes an ovarian cyst to rupture?

Ovarian cysts can rupture as a natural part of your menstrual cycle. Most ovarian cysts occur and rupture during ovulation when they burst open and release an egg.

However, ovarian cysts can also rupture if you’ve engaged in strenuous activity, such as rigorous exercise or penetrative sex.

Although ovarian cysts aren’t always a cause for concern, they might be a sign of another condition, like endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome.

A ruptured ovarian cyst can cause sudden abdominal and pelvic pain. While this may be painful, ruptured cysts usually heal without medical intervention.

However, if you’re experiencing extreme pain and other unexplained symptoms, it’s best to visit the emergency room. Pelvic and abdominal pain can be symptoms of other conditions.

Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.

Ovarian cyst – prices for treatment, symptoms and diagnosis of the disease in the clinic “Mother and Child” in Novokuznetsk

Ovaries are small paired organs that are located on both sides of the uterus. It is in them that the egg develops, which is released in the middle of each cycle during ovulation.
In the tissue of the ovaries, cavities filled with liquid, semi-liquid or mucous contents – cysts can occur. They have a dense wall, in which the cells producing the contents of the cyst are located. With an increase in the amount of content, the cyst itself also increases in size and can reach tens of centimeters in diameter.
Most cysts are small and are located in the place of the follicles. They are harmless and can resolve both on their own and against the background of ongoing treatment. However, some types of cysts (cystoma) are benign tumors that steadily increase in size. These formations do not go away on their own and require mandatory treatment.

Ovarian cyst in Novokuznetsk:

Clinic “Mother and Child” Novokuznetsk

The ovaries are small paired organs located on either side of the uterus. It is in them that the egg develops, which is released in the middle of each cycle during ovulation.

In the tissue of the ovaries, cavities filled with liquid, semi-liquid or mucous contents – cysts can occur. They have a dense wall, in which the cells producing the contents of the cyst are located. With an increase in the amount of content, the cyst itself also increases in size and can reach tens of centimeters in diameter.

Most cysts are small and are located in the place of the follicles. They are harmless and can resolve both on their own and against the background of ongoing treatment. However, some types of cysts (cystoma) are benign tumors that steadily increase in size. These formations do not go away on their own and require mandatory treatment.

What types of ovarian cysts are there?

In women, most often allocate:

• Functional follicular cysts occurring at the site of follicles. These are small cysts (up to 5 cm), not prone to growth and malignancy. They can resolve on their own or disappear in 1-2 cycles during hormonal treatment.
• Cystadenomas are cysts formed from the superficial layer of the ovary. Inside they contain a clear liquid or mucus. Cystadenomas can grow continuously and reach a significant size, squeezing the internal organs and disrupting their functioning.
• Endometrioid or “chocolate” cysts occur at the site of endometriosis. Endometrial cells can be carried from the uterine cavity to the internal organs and enter the ovaries. Their development is completely analogous to the cyclical changes in the inner layer of the uterus. With menstrual flow, the foci of endometriosis are also destroyed and begin to bleed. Accumulating blood and exfoliated epithelial cells form the contents of the “chocolate” endometrioid cyst. Such formations can reach 10–15 cm in diameter and completely destroy healthy ovarian tissue.
• Dermoid cyst is a tumor containing the rudiments of embryonic tissue. Such a tumor grows with the patient, and by the time of detection, it may contain several types of formed tissue.
• Polycystic – a condition in which both ovaries are enlarged due to the presence of a large number of cysts from immature follicles. The surface of the ovaries becomes bumpy due to the many formations. This is a separate disease that requires a completely different approach to treatment

There are also rarer types of ovarian tumors.

How do ovarian cysts manifest themselves?

Here we will consider only benign ovarian tumors, cystomas.

For a long time, cystomas may not manifest themselves and develop without any external manifestations and symptoms.

As the cystoma increases in size, dull pains may appear that radiate to the groin and lower back. This is due to compression of the nerve endings by the tumor that has grown. If this compresses the bladder or intestines, a woman may have problems with urination or defecation, frequent urination, or constipation that is not associated with diet and infectious diseases.

When the cyst reaches a significant size, the volume of the abdomen increases, a feeling of heaviness appears. Cystoma can also lead to the development of infertility, the formation of adhesions and cause menstrual irregularities.

What can cause ovarian cystomas?

The prolonged existence of cystomas can lead to their malignant transformation and the development of a cancerous tumor. It is impossible to determine at what point the rebirth will occur, therefore it is necessary to remove the cyst immediately after its discovery. This will avoid its further growth and the development of serious complications.

If the cyst is located on a stalk, its torsion may occur. As a result, the vessels that feed the formation are pinched, and its nutrition is disrupted. When the leg of the cyst is twisted, a woman develops severe pain, nausea and vomiting may occur, and the temperature rises. If left untreated, the cyst begins to necrotize, decompose inside the abdomen, and peritonitis develops.

If the peduncle of the cyst is twisted, an urgent operation is necessary. Only its timely removal helps to avoid the development of peritonitis and sepsis.

Sudden pains can also occur with hemorrhage into the cyst cavity or with a rupture of its capsule. In this case, the operation is also shown.

How can I know for sure if I have an ovarian cyst?

Since cysts and cystomas can exist asymptomatically for a long time, they are often detected during preventive gynecological examinations. Usually, on examination, large cysts are detected.

The use of ultrasound research method allows to determine even small functional cysts. Therefore, during an examination at the Mother and Child Hospital Center – IDK, ultrasound is performed for all patients. This allows timely detection of formations with a diameter of more than 1 cm. Also, during the study, the doctor can assess the structure of the formation and draw a preliminary conclusion about the diagnosis.

If during the examination there is a suspicion of an ovarian tumor, additional studies are carried out. The level of the CA-125 tumor marker is determined, which indicates malignant growth, FGS, ultrasound of the mammary glands or endometrial biopsy may be required. All these studies are assigned individually in each case.

Why is laparoscopic surgery used to treat ovarian cysts at the Mother and Child Hospital – IDK?

Laparoscopic surgery is the “gold standard” of modern cyst treatment. It allows, if necessary, to easily expand the scope of the operation, qualitatively remove all formations and at the same time make the procedure as less traumatic for the patient as possible.

The method of treatment for all benign ovarian formations is the same – surgical removal of the formation. The volume of the operation is determined depending on the size and type of cystoma, its location, the age of the patient and her desire to have children in the future.

If a malignant formation is detected during the operation, the scope of the operation can be expanded and the tumor must be removed along with the ovaries and uterus in order to save the patient’s life. In mild cases, it is possible to remove the cyst itself and at the same time leave functional ovarian tissue.

Compared to traditional surgery, laparoscopic operations, which are performed at the Mother and Child Hospital Center – IDK, have many advantages.

• In terms of therapeutic effect, laparoscopy is in no way inferior to traditional surgery.
• The image of the internal organs is transmitted to a high-definition screen in an enlarged form, which allows the surgeon to perform all surgical manipulations with jewelry.
• All procedures are performed through several punctures in the abdominal wall, through which the necessary instruments are inserted.
• Due to the absence of an extensive surgical wound, the recovery period is much easier and faster.
• Due to the fact that neither the dressing material nor the gloves come into contact with the internal organs, the risk of adhesions after the operation is minimized.

How is laparoscopic surgery performed?

Punctures are made in the navel and inguinal regions. A video camera and instruments are introduced through them. Also, carbon dioxide is pumped into the abdominal cavity through punctures, due to which all internal organs become available for inspection. The video camera transmits the image to a large screen installed in the operating room. The surgeon is guided by the image on the screen and performs the operation using instruments with a small working surface. This allows you to jewelryly remove the tumor and at the same time leave the ovarian tissue as untouched as possible.

The procedure itself is performed under anesthesia, like a traditional laparotomy. That is, the patient does not feel pain during the operation, and the postoperative period after laparoscopy is much easier and faster.

If during the operation the surgeon suspects malignant growth, part of the tumor is sent for urgent histological examination. Thanks to the presence of our own laboratory, the result of this study can be obtained almost immediately. If the laboratory confirms the oncology, then the question arises of expanding the scope of the operation and removing both ovaries and the uterus. If the diagnosis is not confirmed, only the cyst itself is removed.

Functional ovarian cysts can resolve on their own within 1-3 cycles and are easily amenable to hormonal treatment. If the formation is constantly growing, it is already a cystoma, a benign tumor of the ovary.

Conducting a preventive examination with ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to identify small cystomas and conduct their timely treatment.

The most effective treatment for cysts is laparoscopic surgery. This is an effective and low-traumatic method that allows the patient to maintain health, recover faster after the procedure, and at the same time does not leave rough postoperative scars. Hospitalization for such an operation lasts only one day, and after one to two weeks the patient can return to a full life.

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What you need to know about ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are considered one of the most common neoplasms in women. The obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of the highest category, leading specialist Lina Irha tells about their types, symptoms, methods of treatment and diagnostics.

Ovarian cysts – what is it?

Ovarian cysts are benign ovarian masses that consist of a capsule with fluid inside the cyst. It can be either liquid, or blood, or sanious fluid. Sometimes there are complex cysts that contain not only fluid, but also other compounds, that is, in addition to the fluid, there are also tissues. For example, a dermoid cyst.

Types of ovarian cysts

According to the nature of the cysts can be divided into functional and non-functional.

Functional are either follicular or corpus luteum. With small sizes of such cysts, treatment (both surgical and any other) is not required. They go away after a month or a few months on their own without treatment. If these cysts, which are functional, do not go through several cycles, or are large, then conservative treatment is prescribed, which always means taking any drugs – whether it is intramuscular administration of the drug or oral, or vaginal or rectal suppositories.

Among non-functional cysts, cystomas are distinguished. They cannot pass on their own and are subject to observation with small sizes or surgical removal. Such cysts can be endometrioid, which contain blood. The reason for their appearance are hormonal disorders. There are also various cystadenomas that appear without a reason, but are subject to mandatory surgical treatment, as they can transform into malignant tumors, that is, go into an oncological process. There are other types, such as dermoids, teratomas, or paraovirial cysts, that cannot be resolved by drugs. To eliminate them, it is necessary to prescribe surgical treatment.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts

Symptoms may vary:

• pain in the lower abdomen associated with the menstrual cycle;
• chronic pelvic pain that bothers you all the time and has nothing to do with the menstrual cycle.

Patients also complain of intermenstrual spotting, irregular menstruation – too frequent or falling out of the cycle.

Often ovarian cysts do not manifest themselves for a long time, and the patient discovers them only when they are already large or when the cyst ruptures. This is the most unfavorable outcome – cyst rupture. During this process, large vessels are torn, and the patient begins intra-abdominal bleeding. This is a very life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention and surgery.

Treatment of ovarian cysts

If the cyst is non-functional and has a size of more than 3.5 cm, then such a cyst is subject to mandatory planned surgical intervention. Now surgical treatment is carried out in the form of minimally invasive interventions, such as laparoscopy.

Laparoscopy is a one-day operation, meaning the patient stays in the clinic for only a day. Such an operation is performed through several small incisions on the anterior abdominal wall, the duration of the operation is up to 1 hour. And the very next day, we can discharge the patient in full health and in good health from the clinic. After discharge, the patient is advised to limit physical activity for only one week. Then the patient conducts an independent dressing – treats the wounds after the operation with a special solution or an antiseptic for 7-10 days.

If the cyst is small, the gynecologist may prescribe its regular monitoring. As a rule, cysts are observed once every 3-6 months, the patient must be regularly tested for ovarian tumor markers. If the cyst begins to grow or tumor markers increase, then a planned operation is prescribed.

Complications of ovarian cysts

If a non-functional large cyst is not removed in time, the cyst may rupture. Its malignancy, that is, “malignancy”, is also possible. This is one of the most serious complications that already require more serious surgical intervention. Sometimes it is necessary to remove completely all female organs – the uterus, tubes, ovaries and cervix. Therefore, it is better not to allow this.

Diagnosis of ovarian cysts

The main diagnostic method for cysts is ultrasound.