Is magnesium good for the heart: How Magnesium Keeps Your Heart Rhythm Healthy
How Magnesium Keeps Your Heart Rhythm Healthy
You probably know you need calcium for your bones. You may also know you need potassium for your muscles. But did you know that magnesium is a mineral your body makes and is vital for your heart health? Magnesium is essential for hundreds of biochemical reactions in your body. It helps keep bones strong, nerves and muscles working properly, and blood sugar under control. Magnesium is also necessary for maintaining a steady heartbeat and normal blood pressure.
Read on to find out why magnesium is important for heart health and good sources of this important nutrient.
How Much Magnesium Is Enough?
According to the National Institutes of Health, the adult body contains 25 grams of magnesium, with 50 to 60 percent of it in the bones, and the rest in soft tissues and cells. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for magnesium — meaning the amount you should take in each day — varies depending on your age and sex. “The current RDA of magnesium is 420 milligrams (mg) for men and 320 mg for women ages 31 and older,” notes Kristen Campbell, PharmD, a clinical pharmacist practitioner and Director of the PGY2 Cardiology Residency Program at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina.
The body uses magnesium for energy production and to break down glucose. Magnesium is also used to synthesize DNA and RNA. “You really cannot have too much magnesium,” says Christopher DeSimone, MD, a cardiac electrophysiologist and associate professor of medicine in the department of cardiovascular medicine at Mayo Clinic. He adds that this is because in healthy individuals the body is good at eliminating magnesium as needed.
How Your Body Regulates Magnesium Levels
According to an overview published in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, magnesium levels are regulated primarily by the kidneys and the intestines working together. About half of daily intake of magnesium is absorbed by the intestine. Magnesium levels may, however, go unregulated in people with kidney disease. “The kidney is a major regulator of magnesium levels, so kidney disorders can lead to both depletion and overload,” Dr. Campbell notes. Healthy Individuals with low magnesium levels are uncommon.
This is because healthy kidneys will limit the passing of magnesium through the urine if the body is in need of this mineral.
Magnesium Helps Your Heart Keep the Beat
Magnesium also plays a role in cells which respond to electrical activity. “Magnesium is a key electrolyte in the body and is necessary for proper homeostasis. Especially in cells that are electrically excitable, like those in the heart,” Dr. DeSimone explains. Magnesium is central to a healthy heart rhythm because it’s involved in transporting other electrolytes, such as calcium and potassium, into cells.
Electrolytes are all important for nerve signals and the muscle contractions of a normal heartbeat. Campbell adds that magnesium also helps with muscle contraction or pumping of the heart. Research published in Nutrients showed that magnesium deficiency has clinical features including severe muscle cramps and increases of irregular heartbeats known as arrhythmias. Campbell says that low magnesium levels are commonly found in patients with atrial fibrillation, premature or skipped beats, and even serious life-threatening arrhythmias.
DeSimone adds that low magnesium levels can also put patients at risk of developing bad rhythms in the heart’s lower chambers, known as the ventricles, which could be life threatening. In a review published in May 2019 in Cardiology Research and Practice, researchers found that a low level of magnesium in the blood may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In addition, the review showed that a low magnesium level is associated with atrial fibrillation (afib), the most common heart rate disorder. Afib occurs when a malfunction in the heart’s electrical system causes the upper chambers of the heart to quiver.
Who Is at Risk for Magnesium Deficiency?
The amount of magnesium in the body depends on several factors, like diet and a person’s kidney function. As we age, for example, magnesium absorption decreases in the body. One research study published in Nutrients suggests the primary causes of lower magnesium levels in older age include insufficient intake of magnesium, reduced absorption of magnesium, and increased urinary excretion of magnesium.
Magnesium deficiencies can also be caused by certain conditions, including alcoholism, burns affecting a large area of the body, malnutrition, preeclampsia (if a woman is pregnant), a digestive disorder like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, excessive urination, including among those with uncontrolled diabetes, pancreatitis, or chronic diarrhea.
Patients who are on diuretics are also of concern for both Campbell and DeSimone. This includes patients being treated for high blood pressure or heart failure. The reason being that these patients are usually on high dose diuretics. “When they are fluid overloaded and diuresed aggressively these levels can drop into dangerously low levels,” notes DeSimone. Campbell adds, “Patients on diuretics need to have their magnesium followed closely.”
Prolonged use of certain medications can also cause too much magnesium excretion. These include diuretics like Lasix (furosemide), as well as proton pump inhibitors like Nexium (esomeprazole) and Prevacid (lansoprazole) used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Because older people are more likely to take these medications, they’re at greater risk for a magnesium deficiency.
How to Get More Magnesium
Low levels of magnesium, when left untreated can lead to complications like cardiac arrest. You should know the symptoms of magnesium, which include:
- Unusual eye movement
- Muscle cramps or weakness
- Fatigue
- Convulsions
Experts advise people to get nutrients primarily from food. Campbell suggests getting magnesium from green leafy vegetables, whole grain cereal (bran), quinoa, nuts (almonds, cashews), and beans. Although magnesium is added to some foods, like breakfast cereal, there are several excellent natural sources of this mineral:
- Soy products like tofu or soy milk
- Green leafy vegetables like spinach
- Low-fat plain yogurt
- Pumpkin or chia seeds
- Legumes
- Black beans
- Avocados
- Bananas
When to Reach for Magnesium Supplements
Even though magnesium can be found in food sources, some people still need magnesium from other sources.
You may have heard some companies suggesting dietary supplements for your nutritional needs.
Campbell notes, “Supplements can be recommended in people who have low magnesium levels despite dietary changes.” She adds that there are different forms of magnesium available, and each differs in absorption and tolerance by the gastrointestinal tract. “The best forms are magnesium citrate, gluconate, or glycinate,” Campbell says.
You should consult with your provider when using supplements to ensure they do not interfere with any other medications you are on and that they’re not contributing to another medical condition. Too much magnesium from food isn’t a danger because the kidneys excrete what the body doesn’t need. But extremely high doses of magnesium from supplements can cause diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramping. Extreme doses of magnesium, over 5,000 mg daily, can cause magnesium toxicity and be fatal. If you’re concerned about your magnesium level, talk to your doctor to find out how you can get the most of this valuable nutrient.
Additional reporting by Alexandria Jones-Patten.
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Magnesium for Heart Health – Life Extension
Published: January 2022
By:
Andrew Davis, Health & Wellness Writer
Not that we’re biased or anything, but when it comes to minerals, magnesium truly is magnificent.
Many people associate this nutrient, which you can find in foods ranging from nuts and seeds to fruits and grains, with a healthy brain and upbeat mood.
However, there are many reasons why your cardiovascular system loves magnesium, too!
How so? Let’s get to the heart of the matter.
What is magnesium?
The body needs magnesium for more than 300 essential biochemical reactions. Your body does not naturally produce this mineral, and you may not obtain the recommended daily amount from diet alone, so it is important to incorporate an oral magnesium supplement to obtain all the heart-healthy benefits this mineral has to offer.
Indeed, magnesium is at play with every heartbeat: the heart beats when calcium enters the heart muscle cells and causes the fibers to contract; meanwhile, magnesium helps these fibers relax.
Why is magnesium good for the heart?
Magnesium is an important mineral for heart health with a wide array of heart supporting benefits.
Magnesium can also help your blood vessels relax and help maintain your already-healthy blood pressure. In fact, a meta-analysis of 34 trials involving 2,028 participants found that those supplementing with oral magnesium better supported already-healthy blood pressure compared with those who took a placebo.
Is magnesium supplementation good for heart rate?
If you are looking to support a healthy heart rate, magnesium is the mineral for you. Magnesium helps heart muscles relax so that your heart can properly beat. Magnesium also helps transport potassium and sodium across cell membranes, which promotes healthy heart rhythms, supporting overall cardiovascular health.
Which magnesium is best for heart health?
If heart health is the goal, you’ll actually want a few different forms of magnesium in your supplement! Magnesium citrate is the form of magnesium that your body absorbs with the most ease. Magnesium oxide has a higher level of elemental magnesium in it.
Some of the best heart health supplements will contain these two types of magnesium in them.
Who should take magnesium for the heart?
A magnesium supplement is great for anyone looking to support a strong and healthy heart all life long. And more of us need to supplement than you might think. Due to degradation in soil quality, magnesium levels in produce have steadily declined over time—meaning that many people who eat foods that are presumably high in magnesium likely aren’t getting quite as much of this mineral as they think!
One way to check your levels is by taking a lab test. You can also ask your doctor for advice on magnesium supplementation.
Do magnesium supplements work?
Daily use of supplemental magnesium can help support healthy levels of magnesium. It is important to follow the dietary supplement dosage guide on the bottle and not to take more dietary supplements than what is recommended.
How much magnesium should I take?
Magnesium dosage varies depending on gender.
The recommended dietary magnesium intake for adult males is 400-420 mg and 310-320 mg for females. During pregnancy, magnesium levels may need to increase; check with your doctor to be sure.
When to take magnesium?
The time of day you take your magnesium supplement is up to you. Some people like to start their day with vitamins and supplements to feel their best all day long, while others tend to opt for a nighttime ritual. Whenever you take it, make sure you are consistent with your dosage and incorporate a magnesium supplement daily.
Best magnesium: Which formula should I take?
Different forms of magnesium are used for different reasons, because they have unique bioavailability and each provide a different amount of elemental magnesium.
For heart health and overall wellness, Life Extension Extend-Release Magnesium is a great choice because it offers both magnesium citrate for immediate absorption and magnesium oxide for extended release—ultimately providing consistent magnesium uptake, which is what you want!
If you’re looking for a magnesium supplement that specifically supports brain function, on the other hand, Magnesium L-threonate is a great option as it effectively promotes healthy levels of magnesium in your brain.
Other magnesium benefits
Magnesium has more benefits than just heart health—it also impacts other parts of your body, including your brain and bones.
Bone health
: Magnesium is involved in the formation of bones and influences the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Studies have found a positive association between magnesium intake and bone mineral density in both men and women.
Brain
: Magnesium plays an essential role in synaptic transmission— the biological process in which neurons communicate with other cells.
Are there any side effects?
For already-healthy people, eating a lot of magnesium-rich foods won’t affect your health; your kidneys help eliminate excess magnesium through urine. However, be careful about how much magnesium intake you get from dietary supplements—it could affect your stomach adversely.
As a general rule, consult with your healthcare provider before taking supplements.
Other ways to keep your heart healthy
Supplementing with magnesium is a great way to be proactive about your heart health…but it’s certainly not the only way. Follow these tips to treat your ticker right:
DO eat a heart-healthy diet
: Eat your way to better heart health with a little help from the American Heart Association. The AHA provides a list of heart healthy foods that not only support the strength of your heart, but also blood vessels and blood pressure. These foods can be found in your local store and are staples of the Mediterranean diet. For heart health, make sure to incorporate olive oil, pomegranate, whole grains, fatty fish, walnuts, berries, dark chocolate, garlic, green tea and leafy greens.
DO get enough fish oil
: Fish oil is a general term for the healthy oils that are found in fatty fish like salmon and tuna, but also come from fish livers and cod liver oil. Fish oil is crucial when it comes to heart health because it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA as well as a variety of other heart health benefits.
Most notably, these omega-3 fatty acids support already-healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.DON’T stay on the couch
: One of the best ways to take care of your heart is by exercising daily, aiming for about 150 minutes per week. Those sweat sessions support already-healthy blood pressure levels, promote blood flow, and help you maintain a healthy weight. Aerobic exercise can help lower your resting heart rate as well as support the strength in which your heart can pump blood. On the other hand, resistance training can help maintain your overall cardiovascular health. So, make sure you do both each week!
Most notably, these omega-3 fatty acids support already-healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.References
- Al Alawi, Abdullah M. et al. “Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions.” Int J Endocrinol., April 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5926493/
- Jahnen-Dechent et al. “Magnesium Basics.” Clin Kidney J., February 2012, https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/26069819/
- Murata, Takahiro, et al. “Mechanisms of Magnesium-Induced Vasodilation in Cerebral Penetrating Arterioles.” Neruosci Res.,June 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4884497/
- “Magnesium.” National Institutes of Health, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/#h8
nlm.nih.gov/26069819/
By:
Andrew Davis, Health & Wellness Writer
Andrew Davis is a graduate of Pace University NYC with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. He has more than a decade’s worth of experience in content and social media in the health and wellness space. An avid traveler, Andrew also has volunteered as an English teacher and humanitarian in countries throughout Asia.
Scientifically Reviewed By:
Michael A.
Smith, MD
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Magnesium deficiency. Why is it dangerous for the heart muscle
In the human body, the amount of magnesium is approximately 20-28 g – mostly inside the cells, where it, together with potassium, is the second most important mineral. Only 1% of magnesium is found in the blood. It is a macronutrient, a natural calcium antagonist and a regulator of vascular tone, blood pressure and peripheral circulation.
Conducted epidemiological studies indicate that serum magnesium levels are inversely associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus. In turn, elevated magnesium levels potentially protect against cardiovascular disease.
Our heart is the most important muscle in the human body, requiring a lot of energy. That is why it contains more magnesium than other organs. Scientists have proven that magnesium is included in the structure of a huge number of enzymes and in their composition is involved in the production of energy, which is so necessary for the muscle fibers of the heart. Thanks to magnesium, energy metabolism is carried out in the heart muscle and, thereby, the supply of cells with oxygen is improved.
In the process of heartbeat – contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle – two minerals are involved – calcium and magnesium. And, if calcium is responsible for the contraction of muscle tissue, then magnesium is responsible for relaxation. In the vessels of the body, magnesium acts in the same way: it expands the lumen of the vessels by relaxing the muscle layer of the wall, which leads to the normalization of high blood pressure. That is why a sufficient level of magnesium is so important in arterial hypertension.
Magnesium levels also influence the rhythm of our heart so that the contraction-relaxation cycle occurs normally at the cellular level. If there is not enough magnesium in the body, a rhythm disorder may occur. Increased heart rate, abnormal heart rhythm, when extraordinary contractions of the heart appear, or vice versa, the heart skips beats.
There is an interesting fact about arrhythmia – magnesium is involved in the energy conversion of carbohydrates – it is necessary for signal transmission from insulin receptors and for efficient breakdown of sugar. The question arises: where does the heart? With a deficiency of magnesium, the body mass index and the percentage of fat content increase, the process of assimilation of sugars is disrupted, which ultimately leads to obesity, diabetes mellitus and heart problems – arterial hypertension and arrhythmias.
Another important property of magnesium for the heart and blood vessels is its effect on blood clotting.
The use of magnesium preparations helps to reduce the tendency to form a blood clot and thins the blood.
Finally, it is worth noting that magnesium deficiency is quite common among those who take drugs for the treatment of chronic heart failure and diuretics. This must be taken into account in an individual treatment and rehabilitation program. Patients taking diuretic drugs for a long time are advised to regularly consume vitamins with magnesium for the heart, since diuretic drugs increase the excretion of this mineral from the body.
General practitioner Kristina Tavluy ME “Korelichi CRH”
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Everyone knows the joke: if you wake up and nothing hurts, you should think about whether you are alive.
But in every joke, as you know, there is only a fraction of a joke. And if suddenly, for no apparent reason, you increasingly began to notice unmotivated fatigue and even after sleep you feel weak, irritated over trifles, your pressure jumps, your legs cramp … The reason may not be a decrease in immunity after a long winter, but a lack of microelements in the body, primarily magnesium, but also calcium. More often they “work” together: magnesium helps the absorption of calcium and vitamins B, C and E in our body.
Photo: businessman.ru
– More often than others, magnesium and calcium deficiency is experienced by those who have already entered the second half of life, – says Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Valery YAKOVLEV . – Today, up to 80% of Russians experience a lack of these trace elements, but not everyone knows how to quickly fill them.
Moreover, not only the person himself may not be aware of a deficiency, for example, of magnesium in the body, but doctors do not immediately recognize the cause of the ailment. The symptoms are similar to those of a weakened immune system. Although it may be the trace element magnesium that is to blame, which takes part in almost all biochemical processes of the body, plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, affects the immune system, takes part in the normalization of blood pressure …
Will add energy and protect against radiation
— If your well-functioning organism suddenly starts to fail, then one of the reasons may be magnesium deficiency, — says our expert Valery Yakovlev. “Traditionally, it is believed to be good for the heart, memory, and the nervous system. And this is true: this microelement maintains the nervous system and muscles of the heart in a normal state, a uniform heart rhythm, normalizes blood pressure, and makes a person more energetic.
But not only. This mineral is called the “core of life” due to the fact that it is simply indispensable for humans: it participates in dozens of chemical reactions in our body, is necessary at all stages of protein synthesis, and also makes our bones stronger, stimulates bile secretion, and regulates blood sugar levels…
Another important property of magnesium is that it protects against radiation. This was proved by the researchers of the Japan National University – they included it in the list of means to combat the consequences of the harmful effects of radiation on humans.
REFERENCE “MK”
Scientists have calculated that there are about 70 g of magnesium in our body. Most of it is in the bones (magnesium helps the growth of cartilage and bone tissue and the absorption of calcium and vitamins C, E and group B). The other part of magnesium is in the cells of the brain, heart, in the liquid. And a small part – in the tissues and muscles. The daily magnesium requirement for adults is 310–420 mg; for pregnant women and during breastfeeding, the need is 20-30% higher (up to 340-355 mg).
For athletes – up to 450 mg. In terms of volume in the human body, magnesium ranks fourth after sodium, potassium and calcium.
According to the professor, replenishing the missing trace element is as easy as shelling pears – with the help of nutrition. You just need to know which foods contain the most magnesium.
Most magnesium contains: green vegetables and fruits, lettuce, parsley, dill, celery (the green color of chlorophyll molecules indicates the presence of magnesium in them). Magnesium is also found in legumes, nuts and whole grains, sprouted wheat grains. Some varieties of fish are rich in them: cod, carp, halibut, as well as shrimp and seaweed.
Fights stress and insomnia
— A person experiences stress in a state of emotional or physical overload, the expert states. “Our body reacts to everything: to excessive workloads, to troubles in the family, to conflicts,” our expert Valery Yakovlev believes. – The life of a modern person, alas, is not only associated with positive emotions, it often tests us for strength.
Not everyone and not always manages to cope with the problems that have rolled up. Someone in the hope of getting away from stress resorts to alcohol, other doping. But this only exacerbates the condition.
At all times, there has been a connection between stress and diseases, especially heart disease, and sudden death. And today the number of heart attacks, sudden deaths increases dramatically during natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, etc.). Even in the first half of the 1st c. AD The ancient Roman scientist and physician Cornelius Celsus pointed to the connection between the mind and the heart, noting that “fear and anger, as well as other states of mind, can often cause an excited pulse.”
Much later, centuries later, other physicians and scientists stated that heart disease “occurs due to the passions of the mind” (they included among them “anger, fear, jealousy, horror, despair, greed, stupidity and ambition”).
Modern researchers have confirmed that stress negatively affects all activities of the body, metabolism, and magnesium plays a positive role.
There is another problem directly related to stress – lack of sleep. Lack of sleep prevents a person from fully recovering from daily stress. As a result, new stress is usually heavier than the previous one. It turns out a vicious circle. The cause of insomnia, like stress, is often a deficiency in the body of magnesium, a mineral that plays a major role in the state of the nervous system. Without magnesium, our nerve cells become easily excitable, they cannot transmit nerve impulses. The result is increased sensitivity and susceptibility to external stimuli. Resorting to alcohol, to other ways to relax, to sleeping pills – only aggravate the situation. Hypersensitivity to external stimuli is most likely a symptom of magnesium deficiency in the body. The expert is convinced that if the food contains the nutrients the body needs, recovery from stress will go much faster.
Reduce stress, promote good sleep: warm milk with saffron, turmeric or honey, chamomile tea, oatmeal, bananas, almonds.
Subdue hypertension, help the heart
High blood pressure, as you know, is also very often associated with stress and nervousness, the expert adds. And, studies show, it can also be reduced with the help of products containing magnesium. Under the influence of this trace element, the muscles relax, the vessels expand and the pressure returns to normal. But today’s food is far from complete. And if the body chronically lacks the nutrients it needs, this leads to a malfunction of the internal organs, which manifests itself in stressful situations.
Today’s products are very different from the food of even our narrow-minded great-grandfathers. Now the soil is different, it is depleted in natural ingredients, stuffed with chemicals, and the vegetables grown on it are subjected to industrial and heat treatment. As a result, they lose most of the useful properties, in particular, magnesium.
But few people know about it. Ask any inhabitant of our country: do they know what magnesium is, is there enough of it in their menu? Ten out of ten will say no.
Although magnesium in our body is involved in dozens of biochemical processes. It is on magnesium that the effect of assimilation of other essential microelements in the body (calcium, potassium, sodium) depends. If magnesium is deficient, calcium, potassium and sodium will be poorly soluble in the blood, and most of them will settle in the soft tissues in the form of crystals. And in the bones of these minerals are often not enough.
Useful for hypertension: fat-free cottage cheese and milk (contain not only magnesium, but also calcium, potassium), green tea, bell pepper, oatmeal, pumpkin seeds.
— The human heart is the main muscle in our body, it constantly pumps blood through the vessels, — expert Yakovlev explains. “Heart disease plagues many people, especially those over the age of forty. Today, medicine has a huge number of drugs for the treatment of heart ailments, but people continue to get sick and die from pathologies of the main motor of life.
US scientists have conducted several studies in this area and have identified factors that create the risk of heart disease. Many factors are caused precisely by magnesium deficiency. According to these studies, most heart disease today is a direct result of insufficient consumption of foods containing this trace element.
And other muscles (intestines, eyes, etc.) also work better under the influence of magnesium – they contract, contract and decompress better. Experts explain it this way: magnesium is able to relax muscles, and this helps the normal circulation of all fluids in the body, including blood. And if the muscles are compressed, this makes it difficult for the movement of fluids, which leads to an increase in blood pressure, spasms, headaches, etc.
There is one more of the most well-known and necessary trace elements for a person – calcium, the expert adds.
REFERENCE “MK”
The daily requirement of a healthy adult in calcium is from 700 to 1500 mg.
It increases during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Sesame is considered the champion in calcium content, but only fresh. Dairy and sour-milk products are rich in calcium (its main source), as well as broccoli and cauliflower, spinach, asparagus. Calcium is also found in egg yolks, beans, lentils, nuts, and figs. A good source of dietary calcium are soft fish bones (salmon, sardines), any seafood.
Calcium and magnesium are two minerals that should work together. Calcium is responsible for contracting muscles and stimulating nerves in the body, while magnesium, on the contrary, is responsible for relaxing them. In order for all muscles to work smoothly, calcium and magnesium must be in the body in a strict proportion. But more often it happens that there is more calcium in the body, and less magnesium. As a result, the muscles remain chronically compressed and tense. Contracted muscles impede the circulation of fluids and blood, leading to high blood pressure, headaches, and more.
A sufficient amount of magnesium in the body “releases” the contracted muscles, and the circulation of fluids is gradually restored.
Good for the heart: Foods containing magnesium – fresh cabbage, apples, lemons, carrots, bran, nuts, milk, buckwheat, oatmeal; as well as foods containing calcium: parsley, spinach, dill, celery, green salads, asparagus, young beans.
… So, magnesium is a key component in the formation of the energy potential in every cell of our entire body, our expert Valery Yakovlev is convinced. Its quantity directly affects the mobility of a person, his physical activity, mood, and, in general, metabolism. After all, a cheerful state of health depends on how well the metabolism in our body proceeds.
Magnesium also regulates the work of potassium in the body. Potassium, in turn, maintains water balance and is also involved in energy production. And regulates the work of the adrenal glands, which play an important role in adapting the body to stress. During an emergency, they produce and release the hormone adrenaline into the bloodstream, which helps a person to become more active for a while: to do everything faster, to be more collected, more mobile.
Scientists have proved that there are factors that provoke an increased consumption of magnesium. Definitely – this is smoking, alcohol, drugs; junk food and drinks containing sugar; diuretic drugs; chronic diseases: reduced thyroid function, diabetes, pregnancy, breastfeeding, etc. And the absorption of magnesium is hindered by excess fat in foods.
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Authors:
Alexandra Zinoviev
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Published in the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper No.