What causes tonsillitis and how is it spread. How long does tonsillitis remain contagious. Can antibiotics reduce the contagious period of tonsillitis. What are the symptoms of tonsillitis and how is it treated. How can you prevent the spread of tonsillitis.

Understanding Tonsillitis: Causes and Transmission

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, two small oval-shaped lumps located at the back of the throat. These structures play a crucial role in the body’s immune system by trapping germs that enter through the nose and mouth. Tonsillitis can be caused by various contagious infections, making it possible for the condition to spread from person to person.

What causes tonsillitis? The condition can be triggered by both viral and bacterial infections. Viral tonsillitis is more common and can be caused by viruses such as the common cold, influenza, or Epstein-Barr virus. Bacterial tonsillitis is often caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, which is responsible for strep throat.

How is tonsillitis transmitted? The infection can spread through:

• Inhaling respiratory droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze
• Coming into contact with contaminated objects and then touching your face, nose, or mouth
• Close contact with an infected individual, especially in crowded environments like schools

The Contagious Period of Tonsillitis: What You Should Know

Understanding the contagious period of tonsillitis is crucial for preventing its spread. How long are you contagious with tonsillitis? The contagious period can vary depending on the cause of the infection:

• You’re typically contagious for 24 to 48 hours before developing symptoms
• The contagious period may continue until your symptoms subside
• The incubation period (time between exposure and symptom onset) is generally 2-4 days

It’s important to note that even if you’ve been exposed to the germs causing tonsillitis, you may not necessarily develop the condition if you don’t show symptoms within the incubation period.

Antibiotics and Tonsillitis: Impact on Contagiousness

When tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are often prescribed as treatment. But how do antibiotics affect the contagious period of tonsillitis?

Antibiotics can significantly reduce the contagious period of bacterial tonsillitis. Once you start antibiotic treatment, you’re generally no longer contagious after 24-48 hours. However, it’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better. This ensures that the infection is fully cleared and reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance.

It’s important to note that antibiotics are not effective against viral tonsillitis. In these cases, the contagious period may last until symptoms subside, which typically occurs within a week.

Recognizing Tonsillitis: Key Symptoms and Diagnosis

Identifying the symptoms of tonsillitis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. What are the common signs of tonsillitis?

• Sore, scratchy throat
• Swollen tonsils, often with white or yellow patches
• Fever
• Pain when swallowing
• Cough
• Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Bad breath

Symptoms typically worsen over 2-3 days but usually improve within a week. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing Tonsillitis

How is tonsillitis diagnosed? A healthcare provider will typically:

1. Examine your throat and tonsils
2. Check for swollen lymph nodes in your neck
3. Ask about your symptoms and medical history
4. Perform a rapid strep test or throat culture to determine if the cause is bacterial

Treatment Options for Tonsillitis: Antibiotics and Home Remedies

The treatment for tonsillitis depends on whether it’s caused by a viral or bacterial infection. What are the main treatment options for tonsillitis?

Bacterial Tonsillitis Treatment

If your tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. It’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if you start feeling better. This ensures the infection is fully cleared and reduces the risk of complications or recurrence.

Viral Tonsillitis Treatment

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. For viral tonsillitis, treatment focuses on symptom relief and supporting your body’s natural healing process. Home remedies and over-the-counter medications can help manage symptoms:

• Get plenty of rest to support your immune system
• Stay hydrated by drinking water, herbal tea, and clear broths
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to manage pain and fever
• Gargle with warm salt water to soothe a sore throat
• Use throat lozenges or hard candies to relieve throat discomfort
• Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air and ease throat irritation

Preventing the Spread of Tonsillitis: Effective Strategies

Preventing the spread of tonsillitis is crucial, especially in environments where close contact is common, such as schools or workplaces. What steps can you take to prevent tonsillitis transmission?

• Stay home while you have symptoms, as you may be contagious until they subside
• Wash your hands frequently, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching your face
• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, preferably with a tissue or your elbow
• Dispose of used tissues promptly
• Avoid sharing personal items like utensils, glasses, or toothbrushes
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces regularly

By following these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of spreading tonsillitis to others or contracting it yourself.

Tonsillitis in Children: Special Considerations

Tonsillitis is particularly common in children and teenagers. Why are younger individuals more susceptible to tonsillitis?

• Children are often in close contact with others in school settings, increasing exposure to infectious agents
• The immune system of children is still developing, making them more vulnerable to infections
• The function of tonsils declines with age, which may explain why tonsillitis is less common in adults

What special considerations should parents keep in mind when dealing with tonsillitis in children?

• Monitor symptoms closely and seek medical attention if they persist or worsen
• Ensure children stay hydrated and get plenty of rest
• Use age-appropriate over-the-counter medications for pain and fever relief
• Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with viral infections due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome
• Teach and encourage good hygiene practices to prevent the spread of infection

When to Seek Medical Attention for Tonsillitis

While many cases of tonsillitis are mild and resolve on their own, certain situations require prompt medical attention. When should you consult a healthcare provider for tonsillitis?

• Sore throat lasting more than two days
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Severe pain
• Fever that persists for more than three days
• Fever accompanied by a rash
• Recurring episodes of tonsillitis

In some cases, particularly with recurrent bacterial tonsillitis or when tonsils cause complications like breathing difficulties, your doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils). This outpatient procedure is performed under general anesthesia and can provide long-term relief for those with chronic tonsillitis.

Long-term Management and Complications of Tonsillitis

While most cases of tonsillitis resolve without complications, it’s important to be aware of potential long-term issues and how to manage them. What are some possible complications of tonsillitis?

• Peritonsillar abscess: A collection of pus behind the tonsils
• Rheumatic fever: A rare but serious complication of untreated strep throat
• Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: A kidney disorder that can follow strep infections
• Chronic tonsillitis: Recurring episodes of tonsil inflammation

How can you manage the long-term effects of tonsillitis?

1. Follow your doctor’s treatment plan carefully, including completing all prescribed antibiotics
2. Attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing
3. Practice good hygiene to prevent recurrent infections
4. Consider tonsillectomy if recommended by your healthcare provider for chronic cases
5. Boost your immune system through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep

Tonsillitis and Its Impact on Daily Life

Tonsillitis can significantly affect your daily routine and quality of life. How does tonsillitis impact everyday activities?

• Work or school absences due to contagiousness and discomfort
• Difficulty eating and drinking due to throat pain
• Sleep disturbances caused by discomfort and breathing issues
• Reduced physical activity due to fatigue and general malaise
• Social isolation to prevent spreading the infection

What strategies can help manage the impact of tonsillitis on daily life?

1. Communicate with your employer or school about your condition and need for recovery time
2. Modify your diet to include soft, easy-to-swallow foods and cool liquids
3. Use extra pillows to elevate your head while sleeping, which may ease breathing and reduce throat pain
4. Stay connected with friends and family through phone calls or video chats while you’re contagious
5. Gradually return to normal activities as you recover, listening to your body’s needs

Tonsillitis in Adults: Differences and Considerations

While tonsillitis is more common in children and teenagers, adults can also develop the condition. How does tonsillitis in adults differ from cases in children?

• Adults may experience more severe symptoms
• The recovery period might be longer in adults
• Adults are more likely to develop complications like peritonsillar abscesses
• Chronic tonsillitis is more common in adults

What special considerations should adults with tonsillitis keep in mind?

1. Be aware of potential drug interactions if you’re taking other medications
2. Consider the impact on chronic health conditions you may have
3. Be prepared for a potentially longer recovery period
4. Watch for signs of complications and seek prompt medical attention if they occur
5. Discuss the potential need for tonsillectomy with your healthcare provider if you experience recurrent episodes

Natural Remedies and Supportive Therapies for Tonsillitis

While medical treatment is crucial for tonsillitis, especially in bacterial cases, natural remedies and supportive therapies can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing. What natural remedies can complement medical treatment for tonsillitis?

• Honey: Known for its antibacterial properties and soothing effect on sore throats
• Chamomile tea: Can help reduce inflammation and provide a calming effect
• Slippery elm: May coat and soothe the throat
• Garlic: Has natural antibacterial and immune-boosting properties
• Elderberry: May help boost the immune system and reduce inflammation

It’s important to note that while these remedies can provide relief, they should not replace prescribed medical treatments. Always consult with your healthcare provider before using any natural remedies, especially if you’re taking medications.

Supportive Therapies for Tonsillitis

In addition to natural remedies, certain supportive therapies can help manage tonsillitis symptoms and promote recovery:

1. Acupuncture: May help reduce pain and inflammation
2. Aromatherapy: Essential oils like eucalyptus or peppermint may help ease breathing and reduce discomfort
3. Massage: Gentle neck and shoulder massages can help relieve tension and promote relaxation
4. Reflexology: Some people find that foot reflexology helps alleviate tonsillitis symptoms
5. Mind-body techniques: Practices like meditation or deep breathing exercises can help manage pain and promote overall well-being during recovery

Remember to always discuss these options with your healthcare provider to ensure they’re safe and appropriate for your specific situation.

Is Tonsillitis Contagious? What You Should Know

Tonsillitis refers to an inflammation of your tonsils. How long you’re contagious depends on what’s causing your tonsillitis, which may be a viral or bacterial infection.

Your tonsils are two small oval-shaped lumps that can be found in the back of your throat. They help your body fight infection by trapping your nose and mouth germs.

Tonsillitis most commonly affects children and teenagers. It can be caused by various contagious infections, meaning that the infection can be spread to others.

Generally speaking, you’re contagious for 24 to 48 hours before developing symptoms. You may remain contagious until your symptoms go away.

Read on to learn more about tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis can be spread through inhaling respiratory droplets that are generated when someone with the infection coughs or sneezes.

You can also develop tonsillitis if you come into contact with a contaminated object. An example of this is if you touch a contaminated doorknob and then touch your face, nose, or mouth.

Although tonsillitis can occur at any age, it’s most commonly seen in children and teenagers. Since school-age children are often around or in contact with many other people, they’re more likely to be exposed to germs that can cause tonsillitis.

Additionally, the function of the tonsils declines as you age, which may explain why there are fewer cases of tonsillitis in adults.

An incubation period is the time between when you’re exposed to a germ and when you develop symptoms.

The incubation period for tonsillitis is generally between two and four days.

If you think you’ve been exposed to germs but don’t develop symptoms within this timeframe, there’s a chance that you may not develop tonsillitis.

The symptoms of tonsillitis include:

• sore, scratchy throat
• swollen tonsils, on which white or yellow patches may be present
• fever
• pain when swallowing
• cough
• enlarged lymph nodes in your neck
• headache
• feeling tired or fatigued
• bad breath

Your symptoms may appear to get worse over two to three days. However, they will typically get better within a week’s time.

If have tonsillitis, you can help to prevent the spread of the illness in the following ways:

• Stay home while you have symptoms. You may still be contagious until your symptoms are gone.
• Wash your hands frequently, particularly after you’ve coughed, sneezed, or touched your face, nose, or mouth.
• If you need to cough or sneeze, do so into a tissue or into the crook of your elbow. Be sure to dispose of any used tissues promptly.

You can reduce your risk for developing tonsillitis by practicing good hygiene.

Wash your hands frequently, particularly before eating, after using the bathroom, and before touching your face, nose, or mouth.

Avoid sharing personal items, such as eating utensils, with other people — especially if they’re ill.

If your tonsillitis is due to a bacterial infection, your doctor will prescribe you a course of antibiotics. You should make sure to finish the entire course of antibiotics even if you begin to feel better.

Antibiotics aren’t effective for a viral infection. If your tonsillitis is caused by a viral infection, your treatment will be focused on symptom relief, for example:

• Get plenty of rest.
• Stay hydrated by drinking water, herbal tea, and other clear liquids. Avoid caffeinated or sugary drinks.
• Use over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) to relieve pain and fever. Remember that children and teenagers should never be given aspirin because it increases risk for Reye’s syndrome.
• Gargle salt water or suck on a throat lozenge to ease a sore, scratchy throat. Drinking warm liquids and using a humidifier can also help soothe a sore throat.

The above at-home treatment measures can also be useful for tonsillitis caused by bacterial infection.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend that your tonsils be removed. This typically happens if you’ve had recurring occurrences of tonsillitis caused by bacterial infections, or if your tonsils are causing complications, such as breathing difficulties.

Tonsil removal (tonsillectomy) is an outpatient procedure that’s performed under general anesthesia.

While many cases of tonsillitis are mild and get better within a week, you should always seek medical attention if you or your child experience the following symptoms:

• sore throat that lasts for longer than two days
• trouble breathing or swallowing
• severe pain
• fever that does not go away after three days
• fever with rash

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of your tonsils that can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It’s a common condition in children and teenagers.

The infections that cause tonsillitis are contagious and can be transmitted through the air or through contaminated objects. You’re typically contagious one to two days before symptoms develop and may remain contagious until your symptoms go away.

If you or your child is diagnosed with bacterial tonsillitis, you’re usually not contagious when your fever is gone and you have been on antibiotics for 24 hours.

Most cases of tonsillitis are mild and will go away within a week. If you have repeated occurrences of tonsillitis or complications due to tonsillitis, your doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy.

Is Tonsillitis Contagious? | LifeMD

April 21, 2022

4 min

Medically reviewed and edited by Dr. Anthony Puopolo

According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, tonsillitis is a common childhood disease, and nearly all children over the age of two get it at least once. Although it’s not as common in adults, it can happen.

One of the main concerns around tonsillitis is if tonsillitis is contagious (it is!) and how long is tonsillitis contagious for.

This article will cover if tonsillitis is contagious, its causes, symptoms, and how it spreads.

Is Tonsillitis Contagious and for How Long?

Both forms of tonsillitis — bacterial and viral — are contagious. This means that if you have the infection you can pass it on to someone else, and vice versa.

• Viral infection tonsillitis is typically contagious for around seven to 10 days
• Bacterial tonsillitis can be contagious for up to two weeks

You can already be contagious for up to two days before symptoms even start to show.
People who have tonsillitis and are infected with contagious bacteria are typically treated with antibiotics.
Approximately 24-48 hours after the antibiotic treatment has started, those infected are deemed non-contagious.

Can You Stop Tonsillitis from Spreading?

Stopping the spread of tonsillitis can’t be guaranteed. However, there are a few steps you can take to help to prevent the spread of the illness. These include:

Staying at home if you have symptoms. One of the best ways to stop the spread of tonsillitis is to see as few people as possible. This will help minimize the possibility of it spreading to other people.

Note that even if you have no symptoms and are feeling fine, you may still be contagious.

Frequently washing your hands. If you’re out and about in a public place and touching things that many other people have touched, be sure to wash your hands.

If you’ve coughed, sneezed, or touched your face, nose, or mouth, make sure to wash your hands for the safety of you and others.

Learning the right way to cough or sneeze. If you need to sneeze or cough, do so into a tissue or into the crook of your elbow. This will allow a minimum amount of bacteria to enter the air around you and others. And it will minimize the amount of bacteria that gets on your hands.

Simply practicing good hygiene is another way to reduce the risk of getting and spreading a contagious tonsillitis infection.

You should always try to avoid sharing personal items with others who may have a contagious tonsillitis infection. These items include eating utensils, electronics, and more.

What is Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils, which are the two small oval-shaped lumps found in the back of your throat.

Tonsils are lymph nodes that form part of the immune system. Their job is to help your body fight infection by trapping germs from your nose and mouth.

Tonsillitis can be caused by two types of infection: a bacterial or a viral infection.

Tonsillitis itself is not contagious; however, the viruses and bacteria that cause tonsillitis are contagious.

Key Point: The Two Types of Tonsils

There are two types of tonsils:

• Palatine tonsils, which are the lymphoid tissue tonsils that are found on the left and right side of the throat.

• Lingual tonsils, which can be found at the back of the tongue’s left and right sides, as well as the base of the tongue.

Both of these types of tonsils can get the contagious tonsillitis virus or bacteria.

Types of Tonsillitis

There are two types of contagious tonsillitis infections that someone can get. They are contracted, experienced, and treated differently. The first step is to figure out whether you have a bacterial or viral infection.

Bacterial Tonsillitis

One of the most common types of bacterial infection for tonsillitis is A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, also known as Group A (GA) strep.

According to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), in 2016 GA strep was responsible for 15-30% of sore throats in children and 5-15% in adults.

GA strep is commonly associated with the bacterial strep throat infection and is caused by direct contact with the saliva or mucus of an already infected person.

Symptoms of GA strep typically occur within two to five days after the bacteria has entered the body.

This can happen when someone with tonsillitis sneezes or coughs in a busy environment where other people can easily inhale the respiratory droplets that have filled the air.

Popular places such as schools and daycare centers for children, are the best environments for the bacteria to spread.

Viral Tonsillitis

Viruses that cause common colds and flu can also be the cause of tonsillitis.

These viruses are typically transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces such as computer keyboards, doorknobs, escalator rails, and card machines, and then touching your face, nose, or mouth.

Because these viruses can survive on open surfaces, their ability to spread is much higher.

Tonsillitis Symptoms

Typically, a tonsillitis infection will cause the tonsils to swell and turn reddish, depending on the infection.

Sometimes, the infection can cause the tonsils to develop areas of whitish/yellowish to gray-appearing pus on the tissue surface.

Healthcare professionals are usually the ones to diagnose tonsillitis following a routine consultation.

Other exams such as X-rays or CT scans may be required if there’s a concern that the infection may have spread into the neck.

There are many symptoms of contagious tonsillitis, including:

• Sore, scratchy throat
• Swollen tonsils, where white or yellow patches can occur
• Fever
• Pain when swallowing
• Coughing
• Enlarged lymph nodes in your neck
• Headache
• Feeling tired or fatigued
• Bad breath

Key Point: Seeking Care if You’re Unsure

If you you have any of these symptoms but are unsure of whether or not it’s contagious tonsillitis, you can meet with a licensed healthcare provider right from home. Head over to LifeMD.com to schedule a telhealth appointment.

How Can I Avoid Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is contagious and if you’re living with someone who has tonsillitis and are trying to avoid getting infected (or passing it onto others), here are some tips:

• Wash your hands frequently.
• Use hand sanitizer wherever and whenever possible.
• Avoid touching your face without having washed your hands.
• Make sure you and others in your household cover mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing.
• Stay at home until your fever has gone or you’ve started taking antibiotics at least 24 hours prior.
• Ensure that you don’t share food, beverages, towels, or utensils with other people.
• Disinfect surfaces that you share with others. These include tables, cooking equipment, doorknobs, and more.
• Replace your toothbrush once you’ve recovered from the infection.
• Maintain good hygiene whether infected or not.

Key Point: When Should I Seek Help?

Most tonsillitis cases are mild and get better within a week or two. However, you should never hesitate to seek medical help if you feel you need it.

If you experience the following symptoms, you should seek medical attention:

• Sore throat that lasts longer than 48 hours
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Severe throat pain
• Fever that lasts longer than three days
• Fever with a rash

Treatment for Tonsillitis

Figuring out if a tonsillitis infection was caused by a virus or bacteria is important before choosing a type of treatment.

If you have tonsillitis from a bacterial infection, a doctor will typically prescribe you antibiotics.

However, antibiotics won’t work for a viral infection. If you have viral tonsillitis, your treatment will focus on relieving the symptoms.

This treatment includes:

• Getting rest
• Drinking plenty of fluids such as water, herbal tea, and other clear liquids
• Managing pain with throat lozenges and other over-the-counter remedies

For both a viral and bacterial tonsillitis infection, symptoms may disappear only to return a few weeks or months later.

These people may not have been fully cured of tonsillitis, but have instead developed a chronic, recurrent form of tonsillitis that, if untreated, may require surgical removal of the tonsils.

Dr. Anthony Puopolo

Dr. Puopolo holds a B.A. in Biology from Tufts University, M.A. in Biology from Boston University, and Doctor of Medicine from the Boston University School of Medicine. He also completed a Family Medicine and Psychiatry residency program in the U.S. Army.

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Tonsillitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Tonsillitis is an infectious disease that is manifested by local inflammation of one or more tonsils of the pharynx, often palatine. It is the most common infectious disease in the world, and sore throat, in turn, is the most common complaint when seeking medical help.

The palatine tonsils perform a protective function, participate in the formation of local and general immunity.

Causes of tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is caused by viruses and bacteria. Infection occurs by airborne droplets or household contact. Often, the cause of tonsillitis is an infection of the oral cavity (carious teeth, etc.) and paranasal sinuses.

Among the viruses that cause tonsillitis, the primary role is played by adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie B enterovirus.

The main bacterial pathogen is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, because of it, they began to call tonsillitis “tonsillitis”.

The influence of other microorganisms is not excluded: mycoplasmas, chlamydia, spirochetes (in this case, the disease is called Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent’s tonsillitis).

Diphtheria bacillus (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) causes diphtheria, a dangerous infection that occurs with inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils.

Less often, fungi become the cause of inflammation of the tonsils.

According to scientists, children under three years of age often develop viral tonsillitis, and up to two years, the role of streptococcus in the development of tonsillitis is practically excluded, as well as in people over 45 years of age.

Disease classification

Tonsillitis is acute or chronic .

Acute tonsillitis is a primary inflammation, when the site of the onset and course of the disease is the tonsils.

Secondary acute inflammation occurs against the background of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, etc., as well as oncological diseases of the blood (for example, leukemia) or pathological conditions accompanied by a decrease in the number of blood cells responsible for fighting bacteria and viruses (for example, agranulocytosis).

Chronic non-specific tonsillitis can proceed in a controlled manner with a small number of exacerbations, that is, in a compensated form, or with frequent exacerbations and the development of toxic-allergic reactions – in a decompensated form. Chronic tonsillitis is caused by various bacteria and viruses. Group A b-hemolytic streptococcus is found only in 30% of cases in children and in 15% of cases in adults.

Symptoms of tonsillitis

The incubation period (the time from the entry of the pathogen into the body until the development of clinical manifestations) depends entirely on the properties of the virus or bacteria, as well as the state of human immunity. When infected with streptococcus, it lasts a maximum of five days, but more often the disease develops within a few hours.

Common to all types of acute tonsillitis is:

• sore throat, aggravated by swallowing, sometimes of such intensity that it leads to refusal to eat;
• fever up to 38-40°C;
• enlarged cervical lymph nodes;
• symptoms of intoxication – feeling unwell, weakness, weakness.

On examination, the tonsils were swollen and enlarged. A transparent film is visible on the surface of the tonsils, small vesicles with transparent contents, small pinhead white dots, islands of dirty yellow plaque, ulcers covered with gray-yellow or dirty green plaque. In this case, one or both tonsils can be involved in the process.

Attention should be paid to accompanying symptoms: inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyes, runny nose, cough, enlargement of the liver and spleen, other groups of lymph nodes, etc.

Chronic tonsillitis can make itself felt by periodic inflammation of the tonsils (do not confuse exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis with acute tonsillitis) and the general reaction of the body to the constant presence of a microbial agent in the form of toxic and allergic processes. During the course of the disease, the tonsils are replaced by connective tissue. Often the tonsils are filled with liquid pus or purulent plugs, they can be slightly enlarged and loosened. The palatine arches (rolls around the tonsils) are edematous, red. Slightly enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Toxic-allergic phenomena are expressed by a periodic rise in body temperature slightly above 37 ° C, increased fatigue, decreased ability to work, pain in the joints, heart rhythm disturbances, pain in the heart, and disturbances in the functioning of the kidneys may occur.

Tonsillitis diagnostics

Diagnosis of tonsillitis is not difficult and is based on a survey and examination of the patient. It is more difficult to figure out which pathogen caused the disease. At this stage, with the help of laboratory tests, it is important to confirm or exclude the presence of group A b-hemolytic streptococcus. For this purpose, clinical blood and urine are examined; conduct a bacteriological examination of a smear from the palatine tonsils and the posterior pharyngeal wall before starting treatment and taking local drugs; perform a culture for group A b-hemolytic streptococcus, as well as a rapid test for the determination of group A streptococcus.

Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
Brief description of the study CBC: general a…

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RUB 810

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General urinalysis (Urine analysis with sediment microscopy)

Method of determination

Determination of physical and chemical parameters is carried out on an automatic analyzer using the “dry chemistry” method.

Hardware microscope…

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410 RUB

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Gram Stain. Bacterioscopic examination of different smears

Synonyms: Analysis of a Gram-stained smear.

Microscopic (bacterioscopic) examination of Gram-stained smear.

Brief description of the study Microscopic examination of a smear stained …

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RUB 685

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Streptococcus group A (S.pyogenes), antigen test, oropharyngeal swab

Group A streptococcus is the leading etiological agent in the group of bacterial pharyngitis. Group A streptococcus infections can be accompanied by…

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If infectious mononucleosis is suspected, tests are carried out:

• to detect IgM antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus;

Antibodies of the IgM class to the Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (VCA-IgM, Epstein-Barr Virus Capcid Antigen IgM, EBV VCA-IgM)

Synonyms: Blood test for antibodies to EBV; IgM antibodies to the EBV capsid antigen.
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Viral Capsid Antigen, IgM; EBV-VCA Antibodies, IgM.
Brief description of the study “Ant…

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Epstein Barr virus, DNA detection in blood

Determination of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with real-time detection.

Epstein-Barr virus (V…

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RUB 610

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Which doctors to contact

With symptoms of tonsillitis, you should consult a general practitioner, pediatrician, general practitioner, otolaryngologist. If necessary, the patient will be referred to an infectious disease specialist or hematologist.

Treatment of tonsillitis

Treatment of tonsillitis most often takes place at home. Keeping in mind the contagiousness of the disease, it is necessary, if possible, to allocate a separate room to the patient.

The issue of hospitalization is considered individually, people with a severe course of the disease, with the development of complications, as well as with high risks of spreading the infection, are subject to treatment in the hospital.

Compliance with the regimen plays an important role – you need to rest enough during this period, drink more warm liquids, eat neutral and soft foods, exclude spicy, salty, fried, sour.

Drug treatment depends on the causative agent.

Antibiotics are prescribed only with a confirmed bacterial infection! Unjustified prescription of antibiotics for viral tonsillitis does not save from possible bacterial complications.

Antibacterial drugs of the penicillin group, used in the acute period of infectious mononucleosis, can lead to a life-threatening condition – systemic vasculitis (inflammation of small vessels), which is manifested by a rash on the skin. Systemic vasculitis requires urgent hospitalization.

If tonsillitis is caused by group A b-hemolytic streptococcus, antibiotic treatment is mandatory, as there is a high risk of complications.

Both for viral and bacterial tonsillitis, local antiseptic and analgesic drugs are used in the form of lozenges, solutions, sprays.

The use of local drugs in children should be under the strict supervision of a pediatrician, taking into account the age of the child.

Pain medications can be used to relieve severe sore throat.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis in a compensated form consists in periodic washing of the palatine tonsils with antiseptic solutions (the procedure is performed by a doctor), daily oral hygiene, and the use of immunomodulators. It is important to sanitize the mouth, nose, paranasal sinuses. With exacerbations, reasonable use of antibiotics is possible.

In decompensated course of chronic tonsillitis with a pronounced effect on the heart and kidneys, surgical removal of the palatine tonsils is indicated.

Complications

Purulent complications are possible with both viral and bacterial tonsillitis. An isolated collection of pus (abscess) may develop around the tonsils (peritonsillar abscess), around and behind the pharynx (parapharyngeal and pharyngeal abscesses – more common in children under 6 years of age).

Possible purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes (purulent lymphadenitis).

When complications are added, a new wave of body temperature rises, sore throat increases, lymph nodes increase, it becomes difficult to swallow.

Non-purulent complications of acute streptococcal tonsillitis develop due to antigenic mimicry. B-hemolytic streptococcus group A in its structure has a protein very similar to the protein present in the tissues of the human heart, kidneys and joints. The immune system begins to fight streptococcus and simultaneously attacks its own cells. In this case, the following conditions are possible:

• acute rheumatic fever – occurs two to three weeks after recovery, manifests itself as redness on the skin in the form of rings, inflammation of the heart tissue (the development of heart defects is not excluded in the outcome), inflammation of the joints, involuntary movements of the body;
• post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis – kidney damage, which is manifested by the release of urine with blood, edema, increased blood pressure, a decrease in the amount of urine, its study reveals an increase in protein content;
• post-streptococcal reactive arthritis occurs with pain and swelling of large, often knee, joints;
• toxic shock caused by streptococcus is characterized by disruption of many organs and systems (multiple organ failure) and often leads to death.

Disease prevention

Prevention of acute tonsillitis comes down to personal hygiene and maintaining the state of the immune system at the proper level: it is important to eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, exercise regularly or practice outdoor activities.

During the period of the spread of acute respiratory viral infections, crowded places should be avoided.

Sources:

1. Clinical guidelines “Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis (Acute tonsillopharyngitis)”. Developed by: National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists, Alliance of Clinical Chemotherapists and Microbiologists, Union of Pediatricians of Russia, Euro-Asian Society for Infectious Diseases. – 2021.
2. Clinical guidelines “Chronic tonsillitis”. Developed by: National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists, Alliance of Clinical Chemotherapists and Microbiologists, Association of Pediatric ENTs. – 2021.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes over time, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Stomatidine

Stomatidine

• Types of tonsillitis
• Risk factors
• Tonsillitis: symptoms
• Diagnostics
• Treatment of tonsillitis
• Disease prevention

Tonsillitis is a bacterial/viral infection that mostly affects the palatine tonsils. Their tissue is a physical barrier to viruses and bacteria that enter the body through the respiratory tract. Therefore, discomfort and sore throat is not the only problem that a patient with tonsillitis faces. A long-term infectious process in the tonsils can provoke a number of complications, such as polyarthritis, pyelonephritis, autoimmune pathologies.
IMPORTANT! Pathogens enter the body through food and dirty hands, are transmitted by airborne droplets. The likelihood of catching an infection from a person with an acute form of the disease is very high – tonsillitis is contagious.

Types of tonsillitis

The disease can manifest itself in one of two forms: acute or chronic.
Acute tonsillitis is known to everyone – this is the sore throat we are used to. The process manifests itself in the form of acute inflammation of the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx, more often – the tonsils of the palate. The causative agent of the disease, in most cases, is group A streptococcus, less often viruses and other cocci.
Experts note that often the acute form is nothing more than an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. The second, in turn, is a consequence of an untreated acute illness.
Prolonged inflammation of the tonsils, which develops as a result of previous diseases, causes chronicity. Often the process affects the mucous membrane of the throat.
A chronic type of infection appears in two forms: simple and toxic-allergic. The first is characterized by a sore throat, a slight increase in temperature. If they are joined by such phenomena as high body temperature, neck lymphadenitis, problems in the work of the heart, this indicates a toxic-allergic form.
Conditionally chronic inflammation of the tonsils has 2 stages:
• Compensated – the focus of infection is in a “sleeping” state. In this case, there is no negative reaction from the body. The tonsils consistently carry out their main function – the barrier.
• Decompensated – the patient is often worried about angina, the infection spreads not only to the tonsils and throat, but also affects the ears, sinuses, kidneys, heart.
The causes of chronic tonsillitis are quite numerous. Among the main ones are: frequent sore throats, untreated acute tonsillitis, dental problems (even caries), inflammation of the nasal passages, etc.

Risk factors

There are a number of factors that precede the development of such a disease as chronic tonsillitis, the treatment of which is much more difficult than prevention: ambient temperature
• prolonged emotional overstrain, mental exhaustion
• unsuitable living conditions (gas pollution, the presence of harmful substances in the air, poor heating)
• bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol)

Tonsillitis: symptoms

Signs of tonsillitis vary depending on which form of the disease manifested itself in the body. Acute is characterized by the following symptoms:
• enlargement and inflammation of the tonsils
• fever (up to 40℃)
• swollen cervical lymph nodes
• frequent headaches
• weakness
• sore throat, difficulty swallowing
• purulent plugs on the tonsils
Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis are somewhat different:
• pain when swallowing
• dryness and itching in the throat brilnaya), manifested periodically
• bad breath
• decreased appetite
• insomnia or worsening of sleep
• inflammation of the lymph nodes of the neck
In a disease such as chronic tonsillitis, the symptoms are always primary. If angina is classified as a secondary sign, this indicates a blood disease.

Diagnosis

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis, however, as well as acute, implies a competent preliminary diagnosis. It will help not only to correctly determine the form of an infectious disease, but also to detect possible complications.
The specialist examines the tonsils: notes the inflammation of the glands, and palpation of the lymph nodes reveals their soreness and increase in size.
After collecting an anamnesis and examination, the patient is sent for a series of tests, studies:
• Complete blood count – reveals leukocytosis, increased ESR
• Blood biochemistry – will help determine the condition of the tonsils and evaluate the performance of the glands
• Throat swab – will determine the causative agent of the infection and its resistance to anti-infective drugs
• ECG – will show how much the infection has affected the main blood organ

Treatment of tonsillitis

Conventional medicine uses several effective ways to fight infection. So, how to treat chronic tonsillitis?
Taking medicines, using solutions
If the disease did not give complications, it is important to use local treatment, which implies a complex of several procedures:
• Anesthesia of the inflamed tissue area
• Removal of pathogenic microbes – antiseptic treatment
• Restoration of glandular tissue, elimination of inflammation
• Impact on the root cause of the disease – antivirus drugs and antibiotics for tonsillitis are considered the main methods of treatment of infection
• Mechanical cleaning of tissue from pathogenic enzymes
• Restoration of the surface of the epithelium.
Stomatidin® is the ideal solution for any form of tonsillitis. The drug acts in a complex, providing a long-term anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effect (retains an active concentration for almost 8-10 hours, and in some cases for a longer period – up to 65 hours).
Unlike most antiseptics, antibiotics and antivirals, which often have a toxic or allergic effect, Stomatidine® will help get rid of unpleasant symptoms and eliminate negative effects on the body.
Many have heard about the effectiveness of using various solutions for colds, but how to gargle with tonsillitis? It is necessary to use astringents, antiseptic, antibacterial agents. Stomatidin® combines all of the above: due to the effective active ingredient in the composition, it can be used as the main treatment for tonsillitis.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy procedures are used exclusively as part of complex medical therapy. To combat infection, UV irradiation (sanation) of the tonsils, pharynx, heating of the throat, as well as laser therapy are used to reduce swelling of the glands and reduce the severity of the focus of inflammation.
Surgical operation
Such a drastic therapeutic measure is provided in exceptional cases, since the tonsils are an important organ of the immune system. Removal of these glands is advisable only in the absence of a proper response of the body to the effects of conservative methods of therapy.
Indications for surgery:
• severe edema and proliferation of the organ, provoking serious violations of the respiratory and swallowing function
• severe toxic-allergic form of the disease
• abscesses in the tonsil tissues
• progression of a chronic disease against the background of regular courses of treatment
• frequent exacerbations (5 or more per year)
• development of complications (rheumatic heart disease, rheumatic fever)
To correctly determine how to treat tonsillitis, a specialist finds out the nature of the inflammatory process, its form, type of angina.

Disease prevention

Disease prevention is always a more acceptable and safer option than the fight against its manifestations. That is why the prevention of tonsillitis should be comprehensive and regular. It is enough to remember a few simple rules to keep your tonsils healthy:
• Practice good hygiene: keep your hands, mouth and nose clean, eat washed food.
• Eat a balanced diet: when you get the necessary trace elements and vitamins, the body fights pathogens more effectively. Eat more vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes, include sea fish, red meat, dried fruits in your diet. Eliminate fatty, salty foods, junk food and alcohol.
• Harden your body – the main thing is to do it correctly and in moderation. Foot baths with water contrast, rubbing the throat with a cool towel, gargling with cool water are perfect.
• Clean the air in your home: do not forget about regular wet cleaning. Ventilate more often, regularly humidify the air.
• Do not overuse nasal drops while treating a runny nose – this can dry out the mucous membrane, making it more susceptible to bacteria.
• Boost your immune system: Be sure to take your immune-boosting medication before the fall/winter season.
• Minimize contact with carriers.
If you suspect that you have chronic tonsillitis, a qualified specialist will tell you in detail how to treat the disease.