Ringworm: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

What Is Ringworm?

Ringworm isn’t a worm. It’s a skin infection that’s caused by moldlike fungi that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails. You can get it in any of these places — and on your scalp.

When you get it between your toes, it’s what people call athlete’s foot. If it spreads to your groin, it’s known as jock itch.

What Are the Symptoms?

The telltale sign is a red, scaly patch or bump that itches. Over time, the bump turns into a ring- or circle-shaped patch. It may turn into several rings. The inside of the patch is usually clear or scaly. The outside might be slightly raised and bumpy.

Ringworm on your scalp tends to start out as a bump or small sore. It may turn flaky and scaly, and your scalp may feel tender and sore to the touch. You may notice that your hair starts to fall out in patches.

How Do You Get Ringworm?

Ringworm is highly contagious. You can catch it in any of the following ways:

• From another person. Ringworm often spreads by skin-to-skin contact.
• From your pets. Rubbing or grooming Sparky? Wash your hands when you’re finished. It’s also very common in cows.
• By touching objects. The fungus that causes ringworm can linger on surfaces, clothes, towels, and in combs and brushes.
• From soil. If you’re working or standing barefoot in soil that’s infected with the fungus that causes ringworm, you can get it, too.

How Do I Know If I Have It?

You’ll have to see your doctor to be sure if the infection is ringworm. There are a number of other skin conditions that look like it.

Your doctor will probably scrape some skin from the itchy, scaly areas and look at them under a microscope.

What’s the Treatment?

How the infection is treated depends on where it is and how bad it is. In many cases, your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine you can get at the drugstore. If the ringworm is on your skin, an OTC antifungal cream, lotion, or powder may work just fine. Some of the most popular ones are clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex) and miconazole.

In most cases, you’ll have to use the medicines on your skin for 2 to 4 weeks to make sure you kill the fungus that causes ringworm. It also will lower its chance of coming back.

If you have ringworm on your scalp or in many different places on your body, OTC treatments probably won’t be enough. Your doctor will have to write you a prescription.

Keep an eye out for symptoms that get worse or don’t clear up after 2 weeks. If they don’t, call your doctor.

How Can I Prevent Ringworm?

The fungi that cause it are everywhere. Still, here are some things you can do to lower your chances of getting ringworm or stop it from spreading:

• Keep your skin clean and dry.
• Wear flip-flops in locker rooms and public showers.
• Change your socks and underwear at least once each day.
• Don’t share clothes or towels with someone who has ringworm.
• If you play sports, keep your gear and uniform clean — and don’t share them with other players.
• Wash your hands with soap and water after playing with pets. If your pets have ringworm, see your vet.

Fungal Infection, Fungal Rash, Skin Fungus Treatment

Overview

What is skin fungus?

A fungus is a tiny organism, such as mold or mildew. Fungi are everywhere — in the air and water and on the human body. About half of fungi are harmful. If one of the harmful fungi lands on your skin, it can cause a fungal infection. You may develop a rash or feel itchy.

Who is at risk for developing a fungal rash?

Anyone can develop a fungal rash. Superficial infections of the skin and nails are cited as the most common form of infection, affecting up to 20-25% of the world’s population at any given time. For example, athlete’s foot often affects otherwise healthy people. You may have a higher risk for developing a skin rash if you:

• Have a weakened immune system (for example, if you take immunosuppressant medications, have a disease that weakens the immune system or are undergoing chemotherapy).
• Take long-term or high-dose antibiotics.
• Have excess weight.
• Have diabetes.
• Try a new skin care product.
• Experience incontinence (for example, babies getting diaper rashes).
• Sweat heavily.
• Are pregnant.

What does a fungal rash look like?

A fungal skin infection often looks bright red and can spread across a large area. A fungal skin rash may also have characteristics including:

• Color more intense at the border.
• Scale more intense at the border
• Smaller, more defined lesions (pustules) at the edges of the rash area.

Where does a fungal rash appear?

The rash can appear anywhere on the body, including the nails. It’s more common in areas with skin folds, such as the groin, buttocks or thighs.

What are different types of skin rashes?

The medical name for a fungal skin infection is tinea. Types of fungal infections include:

• Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis): The most common type of fungal infection, this condition often spreads when people walk barefoot in public bathrooms or locker rooms. The skin between your toes turns white and starts to peel. Athlete’s foot can also affect the soles (bottoms) of the feet.
• Nail fungus (onychomycosis): This infection is a common foot problem. It usually affects the toenails, which become yellow and thick and break easily.
• Jock itch (tinea cruris): A rash of the groin area, jock itch affects more men than women.
• Scalp ringworm (tinea capitis): This rash occurs mostly in children. It causes hair loss, but with the right treatment, the hair usually grows back.
• Ringworm (tinea corporis): This “catch-all” term is what healthcare providers call a rash that doesn’t fit into any other category. The rash often forms a ring shape.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes a fungal rash?

When your skin comes into contact with a harmful fungus, the infection can cause the rash to appear. For example, if you borrowed a pair of shoes from someone who had athlete’s foot, the fungus could come in contact with your foot and infect you. Rashes often pass from person to person or from animal to person by direct contact.

What are symptoms of a fungal rash?

A fungal rash is often red and itches or burns. You may have red, swollen bumps like pimples or scaly, flaky patches.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is a fungal rash diagnosed?

A healthcare provider may be able to diagnose a fungal rash by looking at it and asking about your symptoms. Many times, the diagnosis can be confirmed by examining scrapings of the scale under the microscope (KOH preparation). In some cases, you may need a fungal culture test to identify a specific fungus and help determine the best treatment for you.

During a fungal culture test, your provider may take a small sample of skin (biopsy) or fluid (aspiration). For severe infections, you may need a blood test.

Management and Treatment

How is skin fungus treated?

Treatment for skin fungus includes:

• Antifungal creams, many of which are available over-the-counter.
• Stronger prescription medications, which may work faster.
• Oral medicines, if the fungal infection is severe.

Can I treat a fungal rash at home?

It’s important for your healthcare provider to see the rash, especially if this is the first time the rash has appeared. Your provider can diagnose it and discuss the best course of action to treat it. Treating a fungal rash with an anti-itch cream that contains a steroid may make the infection worse and more difficult to treat.

Prevention

How can I prevent a fungal rash?

In some people, fungal rashes tend to come back (recur) even after treatment. Recurring infections may be due to genetics — you may be more prone to developing these infections. These steps can help prevent a rash from recurring or developing in the first place:

Good foot hygiene

• Change your socks and wash your feet regularly. Avoid shoes made of plastic, which doesn’t breathe.
• Don’t walk barefoot, especially in places that may be wet, such as gym showers and locker rooms.
• When cutting your toenails, cut straight across the nail. If you have an ingrown toenail, you may need to see a podiatrist to care for it. And if you have a fungal nail infection, don’t use the same nail clippers on healthy nails and infected nails.

Proper medicine use

• If your healthcare provider prescribed a cream (or advised you to use an over-the-counter cream), use the medicine as long as directed. Even after you can no longer see the rash, the fungal infection may still be there, so keep applying the cream as long as your provider recommends.
• Your healthcare provider may recommend the same course of treatment for all the members of your family. Often, people living together can pass an infection back and forth. Treating everyone will help make sure the infection is truly gone.
• Talk to your healthcare provider about whether you should use an antifungal cream regularly on your feet and nails to help prevent infections.
• Using antifungal powder in your shoes every day may help prevent athlete’s foot.

Outlook / Prognosis

How long will I have the skin rash?

How long the treatment takes to work can differ from person to person. It usually takes a few days to a few weeks to clear up. The fungal infection may come back, however. Talk to your healthcare provider about steps you can take to prevent the infection from returning.

Living With

When should I see my doctor about a rash?

Most rashes are not serious. But it’s always a good idea to see your healthcare provider if you have skin changes. Your provider can recommend a course of treatment to help you feel better and diagnose any underlying conditions.

Call your healthcare provider or go to the emergency room if the rash:

• Is all over your body.
• Starts suddenly and spreads quickly.
• Is painful, blistered or infected.
• Happens along with a fever.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Fungal skin rashes can be uncomfortable and itchy, but they are treatable. See your healthcare provider if you notice any rashes or changes in your skin. Typically, a course of antifungal creams (either prescription or over-the-counter) will clear up the rash and relieve the itchiness. Your healthcare provider can also discuss preventive steps to keep the rash from coming back.

Not Sure What’s on Your Skin? It Could Be a…

An itchy skin rash can be quite uncomfortable–and it might not always have a clear cause. But before you reach for an over-the-counter remedy, it’s important to see a dermatologist for a diagnosis. These skin rashes are often fungal skin infections and require special treatment. Here’s what you should know about the symptoms, treatment, and prevention of these infections.

What to Know About Fungal Infections

What Are The Symptoms of Fungal Skin Infections?

There are several types of fungal infections that can affect the skin, most of which cause a scaly rash, redness, itching, blisters, swelling, and skin discoloration. Fungal skin infections often develop in areas with little air flow, since fungi thrive in warm and moist environments. So, you might notice these types of infections on the feet, underarms, and groin, for example.

Some of the most common types of fungal infections include:

• Athlete’s Foot: This fungal infection of the feet can cause itching, redness, burning, blisters, and peeling or cracked skin. Athlete’s foot can develop if you wear tight shoes or sweaty socks. It may also grow on the floor of places like public locker rooms and pools.
• Ringworm: As its name suggests, ringworm causes a ring-shaped rash on the skin. The infection often spreads from contact with surfaces, especially in warm and humid environments.
• Yeast Infections: Yeast infections occur from the overgrowth of a fungus called candida. The infection most often develops in skin creases like the underarms, causing a rash, oozing bumps, burning, and itching. Candida can also cause oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and diaper rash.
• Jock Itch: Caused by a fungus called tinea, jock itch is a common fungal infection that develops on the genitals, buttocks, and inner thighs. The infection can cause symptoms like redness, itching, chafing, and flaky skin.

While the above fungal skin infections are among the most common types, there are about 300 species of fungi that can infect humans. It’s essential to see a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment if you develop an itchy skin rash.

What Treatments Are Available?

Antifungal medications are the most common fungal skin infection treatment. These medications are available as creams, shampoos, sprays, and powers. Some people may require an oral antifungal. Your dermatologist will prescribe a medication based on the severity and location of your infection. It’s important to keep your dermatologist updated on the rash, as they may need to prescribe a stronger antifungal for persistent infections.

Can You Prevent Fungal Infections?

Fortunately, there are several steps you can take to prevent fungal skin rashes in the future. Be sure to change out of sweaty clothes after exercising and wear loose, breathable fabrics whenever possible. Avoid sharing towels, and always wear sandals when using a public locker room, pool, or shower. Your dermatologist can offer specific prevention tips based on your personal risk factors.

Fungal infections are a common and treatable skin condition. If you’re experiencing a skin rash, the team at Pacific Dermatology Specialists can provide a prompt diagnosis and treatment. With locations in Torrance, CA and other communities in the Greater Los Angeles area, we offer a number of medical dermatology services to support your skin health. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.

Fungal Infections | Symptoms, Types and Causes

A fungus is a germ that ranges from something tiny and barely visible all the way to something big like a mushroom. They are all around us and don’t usually cause any problems.  Sometimes they can cause itchy skin infections which are treated with creams or tablets.

Occasionally fungi (which is the plural of fungus) can cause more serious infections, particularly if you are already ill. This can happen if you are taking medicines that lower your immune system, like chemotherapy.

What is a fungus?

A fungus is just a type of germ. They can range from tiny, barely visible specks that float around in the air, all the way up to large growths like mushrooms. Fungi (the plural of fungus) are all around us and don’t usually cause any problems. However occasionally they can settle down and grow in places where they shouldn’t: places on our bodies like our skin, nails, between our toes and, in women, the vaginal area. This can happen even in people who are fairly healthy and is usually easy to treat with creams or pills.

Occasionally if someone’s immune system is weak because they are battling cancer or on chemotherapy, fungi can grow in their lungs. This then needs specialist treatment with strong antifungal medications either by pills or by infusions into a vein. See the separate leaflet called Fungal Lung Infections.

Types of fungal infection

Probably the most common thing fungi do to the body is cause annoying, itchy skin problems:

The thing that is common to fungal skin infections is that they tend to be itchy rather than painful and often make the skin a bit flaky. They are not contagious: you can’t catch it by touching the other person’s skin. Although they are annoying and irritating, they are not usually serious.

Fungal nail infections

It is quite common to develop a fungal nail infection on the toenails. Almost every elderly person will have it to some degree but children hardly ever get it. The symptoms of fungal nail infections are:

• Nails turning white.
• Nails becoming flaky and brittle.
• Nails growing into a curved-over shape instead of being fairly flat.

A lot of people have these problems on their toenails. Much like the skin fungal infections, it is annoying to have this on your toes but not harmful or painful. The creams and liquids you can buy in shops are not usually effective for fungal toenail infections: if you really want to get rid of it you probably need the antifungal tablet called terbinafine. As this medicine has its own side-effects and can interfere with any other medicine you might be taking, it is only available on prescription. See the separate leaflet called Fungal Nail Infections (Tinea Unguium).

It is less common to have fungal nail infections on your fingernails. Usually this is related to your work, perhaps having wet fingers a lot of the day (as in hairdressers or farmers). Occasionally your fingernails can change if there is something else wrong with your body, like an underlying condition, so it’s worth seeing your doctor before trying to treat your own fingernails.

Where else in the body can fungi cause problems?

Occasionally fungi can grow in someone’s ear canal, if they do a lot of swimming or diving or live in a humid environment. Sometimes fungi can grow in someone’s lungs. This is serious and is usually related to the person already having a weak immune system, such as having cancer or receiving chemotherapy.

A fairly common condition, in which a fungus grows in a woman’s vagina, causes an itchy sensation and usually some vaginal discharge. This is called vaginal thrush and has a number of treatments ranging from a cream or a tablet to changes to your diet. See the separate leaflet called Vaginal Thrush (Yeast Infection).

There is a rare condition called aspergillosis where a fungus causes an allergic reaction in your lungs and causes problems with breathing. This requires a specialist to diagnose and treat it. See the separate leaflet called Fungal Lung Infections.

Can yeast candida invade my body?

Like a lot of things in medicine, there are plenty of myths around fungi. Something that’s caught hold in the last decade or so is the idea of having the fungus called candida floating around in your bloodstream, infecting your whole body. This is then blamed for common problems like irritability, fatigue, indigestion, headaches and sleep problems.

Unfortunately there has never really been any proof that ‘systemic candida’ (as it’s called) really exists. If you have questions about these symptoms it’s best to speak with an impartial doctor you trust, rather than spend money on strange and expensive diets.

Fungal Infections of the Skin – Dermatologist in Denver, CO

For most people, a fungal infection causes a mild skin rash or itching of the skin. Most fungal infections develop on the

skin, but a fungal infection also can affect the nails and hair.

If a person has a weak immune system due to a medical condition such as HIV or cancer, a fungal infection may be more severe.

Tinea is the medical name for fungal skin infections.

HOW DID I GET A FUNGAL INFECTION?

It is easy to get a fungal infection. Fungi (plural of fungus) spread easily from person to person.

Many people get a fungal infection through close personal contact with someone who has a fungal infection, for example, sharing an infected object such as a towel or comb. You also can get a fungal infection while walking barefoot on an infected floor. Some people get a fungal infection by touching an animal that has fungi on its fur.

People increase their risk of getting a fungal infection when their skin stays wet for long periods. Fungi grow quickly in warm, moist areas. Underclothes, shower tiles, hot tubs, indoor tanning beds, and pool decks are common places for fungi to grow.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS AND HOW ARE THEY TREATED?

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)

Athlete’s foot usually starts between the toes, causing the skin to itch, peel, and flake. Without treatment, athlete’s foot can worsen. Some people even get itchy blisters on their feet. The bottom of your foot also may look dry and scaly.

Most people catch athlete’s foot by walking barefoot through a public place such as a locker room or deck of a swimming pool.

Sometimes, a dermatologist can tell if you have athlete’s foot by looking at your skin. Other times a medical test is necessary. Athlete’s foot can look like another skin condition such as contact dermatitis or psoriasis. These skin conditions also can cause a rash.

If you have a mild case of athlete’s foot, an anti-fungal cream often works well to relieve the burning and itching.

When the infection is more severe, a dermatologist may write a prescription for anti-fungal pills.

Athlete’s Foot

Nail Fungus (Onychomycosis, Tinea unguium)

This fungal infection often affects the big toe. However, any or all nails may be involved. It can cause the nail to thicken and turn yellow. Sometimes the affected nail crumbles. Nail fungus tends to be more common in people who have had athlete’s foot for a while or have injured a nail.

A fungal infection also can affect a fingernail, but this is less common. Whether the fungus affects the fingernails or toenails, it can be hard to treat. To clear a fungal infection, prescription anti-fungal medications that you brush on the nail or pills may be necessary. Some people find that nail infections return frequently.

Nail Fungus

Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)

Jock itch is a rash that begins in the groin area. This rash is itchy, can flake and has a red border. Jock itch affects both men and women. Individuals who sweat a lot may be more likely to develop jock itch. Treatment can include anti-fungal creams that are available without a prescription. See your dermatologist for prescription creams that may work faster.

Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)

Ringworm causes a red, itchy, flaky patch that looks more like a ring as it grows. It is common to have several areas of ringworm at once in different body areas. Ringworm is very common in young children who spend time in close contact at daycare centers or schools. The infection also can affect dogs and cats, and these pets can transmit the infection

to humans.

There are anti-fungal creams available without a prescription that can treat ringworm. If the ringworm is persistent, your dermatologist may treat it with a prescription anti-fungal cream or anti-fungal pill.

Ringworm

Scalp Ringworm (Tinea Capitis)

Scalp ringworm is most common in children. It can cause round, bald patches and flaking of the skin on the scalp. It is easily spread through shared brushes, hats or pillows. It is important to see a dermatologist for treatment. With the right treatment, any hair that is lost will often grow back in time.

Tips for Managing Fungal Infections

To prevent a fungal infection, or from becoming infected again, here are some things you can do:

• To protect your feet from athlete’s foot, wear shower shoes, flip-flops, or sandals in gyms, shower or locker areas,

pools, and hotel rooms.

• When at the gym, wipe down exercise equipment, particularly bicycle seats and chairs, before and after
• Avoid using another person’s personal items, especially if you know they have a fungal infection. This includes towels, hair brushes, combs, and
• Wash your hands if you have touched a part of your body that has a fungal infection or an animal that is

This will reduce your chances of getting or spreading the infection.

A board-certified dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating the medical, surgical, and cosmetic conditions of the skin, hair and nails. To learn more or find a dermatologist in your area, visit aad.org or call toll free (888) 462-DERM (3376).

All content solely developed by the American Academy of Dermatology.
Copyright © by the American Academy of Dermatology and the American Academy of Dermatology Association.

Images used with permission of the American Academy of Dermatology National Library of Dermatologic Teaching Slides

American Academy of Dermatology

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AAD Public Information Center: 888.462.DERM (3376) AAD Member Resource Center: 866.503.SKIN (7546) Outside the United States: 847.240.1280

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Fungal Skin Infection: Ringworm (Tinea)

What is ringworm?

Ringworm is a common, contagious skin infection. Ringworm is NOT caused by a worm. A type of fungus called a dermatophyte causes it. Dermatophytes also cause other common skin, hair, and nail infections, including athlete’s foot and jock itch.

How does ringworm spread?

The dermatophyte that causes ringworm can be passed from person to person by direct skin-to-skin contact or by contact with contaminated items such as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower surfaces. Some pets (including cats and dogs) and livestock (such as cows, goats, horses, and pigs) can carry the fungus and transmit it to people. Because dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist areas, athletes are at risk for ringworm because they are likely to sweat and be around others who are sweating. This is why prevention is so important.

What are the symptoms of ringworm?

• Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze.
• Sharply-defined edges in the shape of a circle or a ring.
• Often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center.
• Skin may appear unusually dark or light.
• Bald patches on scalp.
• Finger and toenails that are discolored, thick, or crumble.

How is ringworm diagnosed?

Medical professionals have several ways to determine if you have ringworm. They can:

• Diagnose it based on how the rash or affected area looks.
• Examine your skin in a dark room with a special blue light (called a Wood’s lamp) that uses ultraviolet light to look for changes in your skin color.
• Scrape some of the affected area from your skin and examine the cells under a microscope.

How is ringworm treated?

Athletes with rashes should contact their doctor. If a doctor diagnoses the rash as ringworm, they may prescribe a fungicidal material to swallow as tablets or powders that can be applied directly to the affected areas.

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Fungal Skin Infections: Symptoms and Prevention Tips

Fungal skin infections are caused by a microscopic fungus that will proliferate when conditions are ideal.

Fungal skin infections in humans occur on nails, skin, and hair, as it sustains itself on protein keratin which is abundantly found in these areas. Some of the more common fungal infections are:

• Candida
• Aspergillus
• Cryptococcus
• Histoplasma
• Pneumocystis
• Stachybotrys

1) Candidacies or Yeast Infection – Caused by yeast (the type of fungus) infecting the skin or mucous membrane, living in the body in the dormant state. It is only when they get optimum conditions, do they multiply and get converted into Candidacies. Symptoms: Includes fungal skin rash, pus-filled patches, pimples, and aggravated itch on the infected area.

2) Tinea Versicolor – Also known as Pityriasis Versicolor, Dermatomycosis furfuracea and Tinea flava, is more common in adults’ and adolescents. A rather chronic fungal skin infection causes skin discoloring and occurrence of reddish and brown patches on the epidermis. Symptoms: Non-itchy rashes on the body with reddish tan colored patches.

3) Tinea Infections or Ringworm Infection – Misinterpreted for a worm, but is a fungal infection of the skin causing a reddish ring to form.
Causes for this fungal skin infection are malnourishment, poor hygiene, and warm moist climate, and can be transmitted from an infected person. Symptoms: Itchy ring like scaly patches which later forms pus-filled blisters. If it occurs on nail they get crumpled, discolored and thickened. If it is in the scalp, you can lose scalp hair and get bald patches.

4) Ringworm – Fungal Skin Infection is further categorized as:

• Body ringworm (Tinea Corporis) – Can occur anywhere on skin accompanied by ring-like formation on the affected area.
• Athlete’s foot (Tinea Pedis or Foot Ringworm) – A fungal skin infection affecting feet. Athlete’s foot causes the skin to get whitened between the toes with itchy rashes.
• Nail ringworm (Tinea Unguium) – Occurs on nails and finger with itchy sensation.
• Scalp ringworm (Tinea Capitis) – A contagious fungal infection of the skin occurring in the hair and scalp.
• Jock itch (Tinea Cruris or Groin Ringworm) – Occurs in the groin region followed with intense irritation and rash.

Preventing Fungal Skin Infection – The Defense Soap Way

A remarkable research effort that includes clinical studies by Defense Soap has paved the way for a better understanding of fungal infections of the skin. The ingredients in Defense Soap’s Antifungal Medicated Bar helps you to clean, treat, and prevent the spread of fungal skin infections.

• FDA approved Tolnaftate 1%
• Tea Tree oil – known as the natural remedy for fungal skin infections.
• Eucalyptus oil – characterized as a strong antifungal agent, thus helping in preventing fungal skin infections.
• Defense Soap’s fight against fungal skin infections, here are some quick to follow, hygiene practices for preventing fungal skin infections.
• Implement and adhere to good hygiene practice – wash hands before eating, exercise regularly, take nutritional diets, bath regularly, etc.
• Foremost keep the skin dried and moisture free.
• Avoid wearing tight clothes as sweat can cause a fungal skin infection.

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Treatment of skin fungus in children in Zaporozhye

One of the varieties of skin pathologies in childhood is fungal forms of diseases. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, they account for a third of all skin diseases. These diseases are accompanied by unpleasant itching sensations that cause anxiety for the child, scratching the affected areas on the body.

It is possible to cope with fungi only when using high-quality treatment methods, since the choice of a treatment regimen and medications depends on the type of disease and the exact identification of the pathogen – the fungus.

Doctors of the Pediatric Dermatology Department of the Oxford Medical Medical Center successfully cope with this task. All parents of young children in Zaporozhye have the opportunity to use the services of a pediatric dermatologist, having received competent advice and professional practical assistance.

CAUSES OF FUNGAL SKIN DISEASES AND THEIR SYMPTOMS

Several factors can provoke a fungus settlement on the skin, including insufficient adherence to personal hygiene measures by parents and children themselves, close and private contact with animals, the use of other people’s things and household products.The main source of transmission of the fungus is an infected person. In addition, fungi can infect the body when walking barefoot in public places such as the beach. Excessive sweating of the legs is also a factor of infection – it is in a humid environment that the fungus takes root best.

The appearance of fungal forms of skin diseases is evidenced by characteristic signs, which are manifested first by mild, and then by severe itching. The skin becomes bumpy, a rash of pink or bright red appears on it, sometimes with a yellow or cloudy liquid in the middle.With a high intensity of damage to the fungus, rashes form in extensive foci of red color.

The most commonly affected area is the head, arms and legs.

CLASSIFICATION AND FORMS OF FUNGAL DISEASES

Three groups of fungal diseases are distinguished in the international medical classification:

• dermatophytosis, which include trichophytosis, favus, microsporia, rubromycosis;
• keratomycosis, this includes common versicolor versicolor;
• candidiasis and deep mycoses.

They are characterized by many general symptoms and have four forms of flow;

• vesicular – in the area of ​​soles, toes and feet, accompanied by blisters and purulent blisters;
• erased – with this form, microcracks and scaly eruptions are formed;
• moccasin – with thickening of the skin of the feet, nails and peeling on the legs;
• interdigital – accompanied by cracks and peeling of green or white.

DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF FUNGUS SKIN DISEASES IN CHILDREN

For the correct diagnosis and identification of the category of the disease, experienced dermatologists of the MC “Oxford Medical” “recommend the methods of complex diagnostics.This includes a clinical examination, anamnesis, laboratory examination by the microsporia method – with the study of the composition of hair, fragments of nails and skin scales. The method of sowing scrapings is also used, the purpose of which is to identify the pathogen fungus and determine its sensitive to different groups of antimycotic drugs.

Further treatment includes methods of drug therapy, pulse magnetotherapy, electrophoresis and other physiotherapeutic procedures.

For accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for fungal skin diseases at the Oxford Medical MC, you must make an appointment with a doctor at the Department of Pediatric Dermatology by phone in Zaporozhye: (061) 233 7 233

Infectious Skin Diseases | uzalo48.lipetsk

Autumn has come, and with it the season of vacations and summer vacations has ended. All returned to the city from their places of rest, the students settled in the hostels. And it was during this period that specialists from health care institutions noted an increase in the detection of infectious skin diseases.

All skin diseases can be roughly divided into infectious and non-infectious. Infectious skin diseases include common parasitic and fungal diseases: scabies, head lice, mycoses (fungal skin diseases).The spread of infectious diseases is facilitated by migration of the population, increased contacts of people, overcrowding and high density of the population, some social reasons, insufficient education of people about the disease, and also self-medication plays an important role, etc. Even a clean person can bring insects from a business trip, infection can occur on a train, hotel, and children traditionally deliver this “treasure” from camps, hiking trips, summer cottages. Parents with peace of mind send their children there for the summer, and then collect the “harvest”, often become infected themselves and run to the pharmacy in search of a life-saving remedy.

Microsporia

Microsporia is the most common infectious skin disease in humans and animals. It gets its name from the small size of the spores that form its pathogens. The causative agents of microsporia are fungi – dermatophytes (literally growing on the skin) of the genus Microsporum, which are located in the surface layers of the skin and hair. Microsporia pathogens can remain viable for up to 10 years in the external environment. They are very tenacious, tolerate heat and frost well, but die under the influence of disinfectants and when boiled in soapy solutions.

Fungi that cause microsporia are widespread among stray animals: cats, less often dogs, domestic cats, dogs and animals such as hamsters, guinea pigs, etc. are also ill. But most often stray cats are the main source of infection. They, running through the streets, from one yard to another, become infected from each other.

Infection occurs:

• upon contact with a sick animal (in rare cases with a sick person),
• through household items infected by them: personal belongings, bedding, bath accessories, carpets, upholstered furniture, bedding for animals, baby carriages left on the staircase, and other items,
• environmental objects: dust on staircases, basements of residential buildings and garbage bins, sand in playgrounds, etc.,
• hairdressing devices: combs, hair clippers, peignoirs, shaving brushes.

Incubation period from 5-7 days to 5-6 weeks.

Sick animals show areas of hair loss (bald patches) in the form of round or oval spots, most often in the head (on the muzzle, inner surface of the ear), neck, and extremities. These areas are pockets of baldness with rare broken off hairs covered with scales and crusts.Merging, they can cover a large surface of the animal’s body, losing their original shape. Sometimes the animal may look healthy, but be a carrier of microsporia.

Smooth skin and scalp can be affected in humans. When smooth skin is affected, foci of a round or oval shape of pinkish-red color appear. Their surface is covered with scales, bubbles and thin crusts along the periphery. Their sizes usually do not exceed 1 – 2 cm in diameter. Their number varies from one to many.Sometimes the lesions merge. On the scalp, single round or oval lesions usually develop. Affected hair breaks off and protrudes above the skin level by 4 – 8 mm, covered with whitish scales at the base.

In case of fungal diseases, timely access to a dermatologist is very important. In no case should you self-medicate, you risk not only “smearing” the picture of the disease, but also prolong the treatment time.

To prevent infection with microsporia , you must strictly follow the rules:

• do not allow children to play with stray animals, pick them up and carry them into the house;
• do not let animals into playgrounds;
• when walking pets, do not let them come into contact with stray animals;
• keep pets in specially designated places, do not take them to bed, regularly check animals with a veterinarian;
• do not throw sick animals out into the street, take them to the veterinary hospital;
• when purchasing animals, be sure to check them with a veterinarian;
• practice good personal hygiene – wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling animals,
• do not use other people’s hats, clothes, combs, towels.

Remember that the most important thing in the prevention of all diseases is to observe the rules of personal hygiene.

Scabies

Scabies is one of the most common infectious parasitic skin diseases caused by the microscopic scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei . Man is the sole owner of Sarcoptes scabiei . It should be noted that scabies mites of animals (cats, dogs, pigs, horses, etc.) do not take root in human skin and cannot be the cause of the development of true scabies in humans (lesions of the skin of animals by mites are called sarcoptic mange).After the termination of contact with a sick animal in humans, self-healing occurs.

Scabies became known over 4000 years ago in ancient Babylon, China, Assyria, Egypt. In ancient Rome, scabies was called “scabies”, in ancient Greece – “psora”. In his writings, Aristotle described the find of scabies mites as “the presence of the smallest animals in bubbles with transparent contents.” And, only after the creation of an optical microscope, the role of scabies mites in the development of the disease was proved.

Infection usually occurs through close bodily contact, as a rule, while staying with the patient in bed at night.During the day, the ticks are at rest, and in the evening and at night they become active (the female gnaws through the passages and lays eggs, young adult ticks come out to the surface of the skin, where they mate, and the larvae go outside and scatter over its surface, so that they can penetrate inside again) …

Scabies can also be infected through underwear, bedding and clothing. Scabies is most common when people are crowded, violation of the norms of public and personal hygiene (rare change of linen, irregular washing, use of one towel, washcloth, etc.).).

The duration of the incubation period (the period from infection to the appearance of the first signs of the disease) is on average up to 2 weeks.

The main symptom of the disease is:

• itching that gets worse at night;
• the appearance of scabies on the hands, wrists, elbows, feet, mammary glands of women, genitals of men;
• the appearance of nodular and blistering rashes, scratching, bloody crusts on the trunk (abdomen, buttocks, chest), antero-lateral thighs.

A characteristic feature of the disease in adults is the absence of manifestations of the disease on the skin of the face, neck, soles, interscapular region and axillary fossa; in children, scabies can be found everywhere.

If you or your family members develop the above symptoms, it is imperative to consult a dermatologist. There is no need to self-medicate, this will erase the clinical picture of the disease and complicate the correct diagnosis.Moreover, improper treatment leads to a protracted course of the disease, disrupts the general health of the patient, and most importantly, to the infection of loved ones. Timely qualified treatment and the implementation of the doctor’s recommendations leads to a complete recovery.

For the prevention of re-infection with scabies, it is very important that the treatment that the patient receives is adequate and complete. When trying to self-treat scabies, it often happens that the external signs of the disease are eliminated, and the mites remain in the patient’s skin and continue to multiply and infect other people.Therefore, seeking professional medical help is necessary not only in order to get rid of an unpleasant disease yourself, but also in order to protect your loved ones from scabies.

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is of great importance for the prevention of scabies: timely washing, neatness and other cleanliness skills.

Pediculosis

This is a contagious parasitic disease caused by lice. There are three types of lice: head lice, body lice and pubic lice.Infection most often occurs through close household contact or the use of the patient’s belongings.

When bitten by lice, severe itching occurs, which, in turn, leads to the appearance of multiple linear scratching, which can be complicated by a secondary infection. With pubic lice, a rash with a reddish-bluish tinge is characteristic of the bites.

Treatment of head lice and scabies in each individual patient should be carried out simultaneously with anti-epidemic measures (disinsection of hats, clothes, bedding and premises, etc.)

Recommendations for parents in order to prevent this disease:

1. Ask your child not to exchange personal things with other children on the street, in kindergarten, school.

2. Avoid loose hair to reduce contact with objects and other people.

3. Use a rubber cap in the pool.

4. In case of infestation with lice by one of the family members, you must immediately seek medical help to prescribe adequate treatment

Check dry hair for lice and nits:

1.Comb dry hair in good light and check carefully, strand by strand. Remember, lice are almost translucent and move quickly, making them difficult to spot. Nits are easier to find: they are motionless and firmly attached to the hair roots.

2. Check the hair behind the ears and on the back of the head with particular care, as lice and nits are especially common in these areas.

3. After each combing, wipe the comb with a white cloth. In case of infection, parasites will be clearly visible on it.

Head of the consultative and diagnostic department of the State Institution of Internal Affairs “LOCVD” Filina Elena Viktorovna

Dermatitis: An Overview – Summary of Related Conditions

Erythematous and oily scaly patches on the scalp, between the eyebrows, nasolabial fold, posterior auricular skin, and anterior chest surface. [14] Clark GW, Pope SM, Jaboori KA … Diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Am Fam Physician. 2015 Feb 1; 91 (3): 185-90.
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0201/p185.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822272?tool=bestpractice.com
It is a chronic condition that includes dandruff (pityriasis capitis) in adults and seborrheic dermatitis (gneiss) in infants. A sudden, often generalized, onset of seborrheic dermatitis can indicate HIV infection, regardless of age.

Diverse current, rarely passes completely. The infant form (gneiss) usually resolves during the first few months of life.The main focus of treatment is symptom control. Topical agents such as corticosteroids, coal tar, calcineurin inhibitors and antifungal agents are used for treatment. [15] Warshaw EM, Wohlhuter RJ, Liu A, et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled efficacy trial of pimecrolimus cream 1% for the treatment of moderate to severe facial seborrheic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Aug; 57 (2): 257-64.
http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pubmed / 17188780? tool = bestpractice.com
[16] Hebert AA. Review of pimecrolimus cream 1% for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Clin Ther. 2006 Dec; 28 (12): 1972-82.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296454?tool=bestpractice.com
[17] Firooz A, Solhpour A, Gorouhi F, et al. Pimecrolimus cream, 1%, vs hydrocortisone acetate cream, 1%, in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis: a randomized, investigator-blind, clinical trial. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Aug; 142 (8): 1066-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16924062?tool=bestpractice.com
Shampoos and scalp treatments are appropriate treatment if seborrheic dermatitis is confined to the scalp. [18] Shuster S, Meynadier J, Kerl H, et al. Treatment and prophylaxis of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp with antipityrosporal 1% ciclopirox shampoo. Arch Dermatol. 2005 Jan; 141 (1): 47-52.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/392182

http: // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655141?tool=bestpractice.com
Infant gneiss is usually treated with emollients such as topical olive oil. Systemic antifungals are for severe cases and should not be used on infants and children. [Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Seborrheic dermatitis, between the brows, scaling and mild erythema Personal collection of Dr. Robert A. Schwartz [Citation ends].

Food Allergy and Fungus – Aspergillosis Patient and Caregiver Support from the National Aspergillosis Center NHS, UK

We regularly ask people to tell us about the improvements in their quality of life after cutting out certain foods – often those that contain mushrooms (for example, mushrooms, cheese, boiled drinks, bread, soy sauce, miso, and many others). Others believe that it makes no difference whether they eat these foods or not.So, what is actually known about food allergies in patients with aspergillosis, or even those who are allergic only to Aspergillus mushroom and not get infected?

First, it is important to note that very little is known about the effects of food on the health of people, predominantly living with allergies caused by the breathing of allergens. On the causes of Aspergillus In itself, what follows is just comments based on three or four research papers.

Are there food allergies?

The The UK National Health Service (NHS) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO) recognize food allergy.

NHS introduces the topic as follows:

A food allergy is when the body immune system reacts unusually to certain foods.
Allergic reactions are often mild, but sometimes very serious.
Common food allergies in young children include milk and eggs.In adults, allergies to fruits and vegetables are more common.
Allergies to nuts, including peanuts, are relatively common in both school children and adults.
Symptoms of a food allergy can affect different parts of the body at the same time. Some common symptoms include:
Feeling itchy in the mouth, throat, or ears
Raised itchy red rash ( urticaria or “hives”)
Swelling of the face, around the eyes, lips, tongue, and roof of the mouth ( angioedema )
vomiting
Learn more about food allergy symptoms .

Anaphylaxis
In the most serious cases, a person has a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) that can be life-threatening.
If you think someone has symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as difficulty breathing, lightheadedness, and feeling like they are fainting or passing out, call 999, ask for an ambulance and tell the operator what you think the person has anaphylaxis or “anaphylactic shock” “.

NHS also makes the following important note about food intolerances:

What is food intolerance?
A food intolerances are not the same as food allergies.People with food intolerances may have symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, and stomach cramps. This can be caused by the difficulty in digesting certain substances, such as lactose. However, no allergic reaction occurs.

Important differences between food allergies and food intolerances include:
Symptoms of food intolerances usually occur several hours after eating.
You must eat more food than allergies to induce intolerance
Food intolerances are never life-threatening, unlike allergies

Learn more about the difference between food allergies and food intolerances .

Food allergy and intolerance myth destroyer

There are many myths about food allergies and intolerances – can you tell fact from fiction? And what is the difference between the two?

If we are allergic to allergens we breathe, can this cause allergies to certain foods?

There are several non-fungal examples of this – one of the most common is the development of allergies to certain pollen (something that we cannot avoid by inhaling), for example, birch pollen or ragweed, and this leads to allergies to certain foods, such as apple , nuts.This can be a serious allergy leading to anaphylactic shock. The cause of food allergy is that our immune system is unable to tell the difference between pollen and fruit and therefore triggers a reaction based on cross-reactivity of of the two allergens.

Do fungi cause food allergies?

Not often when we eat, as far as we know – and given how much we eat, this might come as a surprise. However, they cause many allergies when we inhale them, and of course when we have a chronic infection such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitivity (SAFS).There are very few descriptions of people who are allergic to inhaled mushrooms and react to certain foods:

• Mushroom Allergy Alternaria and Cladosporium (both common outdoor fungi) cross-react with spinach and mushrooms.
• In another case, eating Quorn’s mushroom food (from Fusarium ) caused an allergic reaction based on the cross-reactivity of the Quorn allergen to the allergen in the airborne fungi to which the patient was allergic – there are anecdotal reports of more cases this type of allergy, but only a very few.
• Sunflower Seed Fungus Syndrome was considered to be an example of respiratory symptoms that can be aggravated by eating food (sunflower seeds). However, it turns out that almost all of the allergies were related to tooth cleansing rather than nucleolus nutrition. It is speculated that the intensification of symptoms was due to inhalation of fungal spores on the husk during the exfoliation!

Can inhaled aspergillus / aspergillosis cause food allergies?

There is no published work describing this, but several documents already mentioned mention that Aspergillus can cross-react with other fungi, including Cladosporium , Alternaria and Fusarium. This suggests that Aspergillus can very rarely cause food allergies, as we have described for the other three mushrooms, but we have no evidence that they actually do this. There is still more work to be done in this area of ​​allergy research before we can draw firm conclusions, but perhaps if you feel that your respiratory or stomach symptoms are getting worse when you eat a certain food, then visiting your doctor to investigate this possibility is a good idea.

What about food supplements and enzymes made using Aspergillus? Can they cause allergies?

Aspergillus and other mushrooms are used to make several different nutritional supplements, vitamins, drugs and industrial enzymes .This question cannot be answered without information on how much fungal antigen in these products, if any, is considered low, since its risk is considered to be low as product purity is an important part of the industrial process.At the moment we have no information to confirm this.

Resources Related to:

• Herrera-Mozo I, Ferrer B, Luis Rodriguez-Sánchez J, Juarez S. Description of a novel panallergen cross-reactivity between mold and food , Immunol Invest. 2006; 35 (2): 181-97.
• Hoff M, Trüeb RM, Ballmer-Weber BK, Vieths S, Wuethrich B. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction to mycoprotein (Quorn) in a patient with an acid ribosomal protein mold allergy P2 , J Allergy Clin Immunol.2003 May; 111 (5): 1106-10.
• Lara S, Sobrevía M, Bartolomé B, Marqués L, Alcoceba E, Almacellas J, Marín JP. Description of the syndrome of sunflower seeds and fungi. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015; 25 (6): 449-51.
• US Food and Drug Administration: Microorganisms and Microbiological Ingredients Used in Food (non-exhaustive list)
• Health Canada: List of Approved Food Enzymes
• AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY DJ BAGYARAJ, G.RANGASWAMI 2005 Microbial Biotechnology p388-405

CAUTION! Infectious SKIN DISEASES! – BSMP Grodno

The summer time is coming to an end, the townspeople are returning after vacations, summer vacations, spent away from home. Every year in late August and early September, there is an increase in the incidence of infectious skin diseases (scabies and microsporia), which often become infected outside the city of Grodno.

In order to timely identify patients with scabies and microsporia, mass preventive medical examinations are carried out in institutions of preschool, general secondary education, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions at the beginning of the school year.

The main goal of preventive medical examinations is the timely identification of patients with infectious skin diseases and prevention of their spread in organized children’s groups.

Scabies – The most common infectious skin disease. The disease is caused by a special type of mite that parasitizes human skin.

Infection with scabies occurs through direct contact with a sick person, as well as through his underwear and bedding, clothing, towel, washcloth, gloves and other personal items.

The disease usually develops 7-14 days after infection. The characteristic symptoms of scabies are intense itching, worse at night, paired-nodular elements of the rash on the skin.

The rash is located on the flexion surfaces of the upper and lower extremities, in the interdigital folds of the hands, on the trunk, especially in the belt, abdomen, axillary, groin area.

At present, erased forms of scabies are often found, in which only minor rashes appear on the skin of the abdomen and buttocks.There are patients with scabies with mild itching or without it at all.

How to protect yourself from scabies?

• regularly, at least once a week, wash in a bath, shower or bath with a change of underwear and bed linen;
• Do not use someone else’s towel, bed linen, clothing, washcloth, gloves, toys and other personal belongings;
• keep your hands and nails clean at all times;
• to regularly clean living quarters.

All family members of the patient, as well as persons living in the same room (dormitory block), must be examined by a dermatologist and preventive treatment for scabies.

Microsporia is the most common fungal skin disease.

Sources of the disease are sick animals, mainly cats.

In most cats, foci of microsporia are defined as patches of baldness on the skin of the face, around the mouth and nose, on the outer surfaces of the auricles, front and hind legs, and on the tail.Dogs, hamsters and guinea pigs can also become a source of human infection.

Infection with microsporia occurs from sick animals, as well as through direct contact of a healthy person with a sick person (through clothes, bedding, hats, combs).

On the skin at the site of the introduction of the fungus, peeling rounded-oval spots of pink-red color appear with edges sharply delimited from healthy skin, which quickly increase in size. More often, foci of microsporia are located on the face, neck, chest, upper and lower extremities

If the causative agent of the disease gets on the scalp, then the hair becomes brittle and breaks off at the same level, giving the impression of being trimmed with scissors.

How to protect yourself from microsporia infection?

• If you have petted a pet kitten or puppy, played with him, you should immediately wash your hands with soap and water;
• to exclude contact with stray animals; explain to children that contact with stray animals is dangerous for their health;
• before you shelter animals in an apartment, they must be examined in a veterinary clinic;
• when buying an animal from private individuals, ask for a certificate of examination of the animal by a veterinarian;
• at the first signs of a disease in an animal, you must immediately contact a veterinarian, and in case of family members’ illness – a dermatovenerologist.

Do not self-medicate!

State institution

“Grodno Zonal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology”

2019

Niine Nahakliinik »Fungus on feet and nails

Foot fungus is an infection of the skin, hair and nails caused by a dermatophyte fungus. Dermatophytes are aerobic fungi capable of decomposing and absorbing the horny substance and parasitizing in keratinized human tissues (hair, nails).The disease occurs very often: on average, at different periods of life, 70% of people become infected with it.

The prerequisites for the disease are contact with the skin of a large amount of infectious material (for example, when wearing someone else’s shoes, walking barefoot in a bath or a shared shower) and the presence of a favorable environment for the growth of the fungus. Risk factors are microtrauma, profuse sweating of the feet, skin maceration, closed shoes, warm and humid climate, circulatory disorders in the lower extremities, diabetes, suppression of the immune system.

Symptoms of a fungal disease: itching, peeling, unpleasant odor, profuse sweating of the feet, cracking, tingling and pain. There are 3 forms of fungal disease of the feet:

• Interdigital (interdigital) – usually begins between the 4th and 5th toes; the skin is moist, macerated (wrinkled), pale. Cracks form between the toes and under the toes, and slight peeling occurs.
• Hyperkeratotic (“moccasin type”) – there are slight redness on the feet and whitish small-scale peeling of the skin in the skin grooves.The inflammation spreads from the heel up to the lateral surfaces of the foot, and the superficial side of the foot is free of disease.
• Vesicular or dyshidrotic – after a long period without symptoms, itchy blisters with cloudy or purulent contents suddenly appear, usually in the arch of the foot or big toe. When the bubbles break down, erosion, peeling and redness occur. As a complication, a bacterial infection can join with the formation of purulent vesicles.In case of severe scratching, bubbles with bloody contents will be visible.

When the nail is damaged, the color of the nail plate changes, the nail becomes covered with spots or grooves, deforms and begins to crumble.

For the diagnosis of fungal disease, microscopic and cultural research is used, for which material is collected from skin scales, the contents of vesicles, nails, etc., in which the pathogen can be detected.

Treatment of fungal disease is either local or systemic.Local therapy (gel, ointment, cream) can be used to treat mild infections. Systemic treatment (tablets, capsules) is required in case of extensive or intensely manifested disease. Systemic treatment may also be needed in patients with diabetes or circulatory problems in the extremities, as well as those whose immune systems are suppressed (due to drugs or diseases).

You can make an appointment by filling out the form below or by calling us by phone +372 615 4115

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