What causes a knee to pop out and back in. How is patellar instability diagnosed. What are the treatment options for a dislocated kneecap. How can you prevent recurrence of patellar dislocation.

Understanding Patellar Instability: When Your Knee Pops Out of Place

Patellar instability is a condition where the kneecap (patella) moves out of its normal position within the trochlear groove. This groove is designed to stabilize the kneecap and prevent it from sliding. When patellar instability occurs, it can lead to an unstable kneecap or even a full dislocation.

Patellar instability can be classified as either acute or chronic, depending on its frequency. Acute cases often happen during sports activities, particularly in football, basketball, and volleyball. Young athletes between 13 and 20 years old are most susceptible, with teenage females facing the highest risk due to anatomical factors.

Types of Patellar Instability

• Subluxation: A partial dislocation where the kneecap shifts slightly out of the groove and then pops back into place.
• Dislocation: The patella moves entirely out of the groove and remains displaced.

In normal knee function, the kneecap moves up and down within the trochlear groove as you bend or straighten your leg. However, with patellar instability, the kneecap doesn’t track properly along this groove.

Causes and Risk Factors of Kneecap Dislocation

Kneecap dislocations can occur due to various factors. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and proper treatment.

Common Causes of Kneecap Dislocation

• Non-contact twisting injury when the knee is almost fully extended
• Direct blow to the kneecap during sports activities
• Falls or accidents
• Anatomical predisposition

Are certain individuals more prone to kneecap dislocations? Yes, some people have anatomical features that increase their risk, such as shallow trochlear grooves or looser ligaments. Additionally, athletes participating in high-impact sports or activities involving sudden changes in direction are at higher risk.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Dislocated Knee

Identifying the symptoms of a dislocated knee is crucial for seeking timely medical attention. Here are the key signs to watch for:

• Severe pain in the knee area
• Visible swelling and deformity
• Decreased range of motion
• Tenderness around the kneecap
• “Popping” sounds when bending the knee or climbing stairs
• Instability or a feeling of the knee “giving way”

Can you mistake a dislocated kneecap for another injury? Indeed, the symptoms of a dislocated kneecap can be similar to other knee injuries, such as ligament tears or meniscus damage. This is why professional medical evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostic Procedures for Patellar Instability

Proper diagnosis of patellar instability is crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare providers use a combination of methods to assess the condition accurately.

Steps in Diagnosing Patellar Instability

1. Medical history review: The specialist will inquire about your symptoms, previous injuries, and any family history of knee problems.
2. Physical examination: This includes an apprehension test to assess the stability of your kneecap.
3. Imaging tests: X-rays are commonly used to check for fractures and assess the position of the kneecap. In some cases, MRI scans may be ordered for a more detailed view of the soft tissues.

Is it necessary to seek medical attention if the kneecap pops back into place on its own? Absolutely. Even if your kneecap returns to its normal position, it’s crucial to consult a specialist. They can verify that no additional damage has occurred to the surrounding muscles, ligaments, nerves, or blood vessels.

Treatment Options for Dislocated Knees

The treatment for a dislocated knee depends on the severity of the injury and individual patient factors. Both non-surgical and surgical options may be considered.

Non-Surgical Treatment Approaches

• RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) to reduce swelling
• Bracing to immobilize the knee joint
• Use of crutches to assist with weight-bearing
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve range of motion
• Pain management techniques

Surgical Interventions

For cases of chronic instability or complete kneecap dislocation, surgical options may be recommended. These can include:

• Arthroscopic procedures to repair damaged ligaments
• Realignment surgery to improve kneecap tracking
• Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)

How long does recovery from a dislocated kneecap typically take? Recovery time can vary significantly depending on the severity of the injury and the treatment approach. Non-surgical treatments may require 3-6 weeks of recovery, while surgical interventions can take several months for full rehabilitation.

Preventing Recurrence of Patellar Dislocation

After experiencing a patellar dislocation, taking steps to prevent future occurrences is crucial. Here are some effective strategies:

• Activity modification: Adjust your exercise routine to reduce stress on the knee
• Regular stretching: Maintain flexibility in the muscles surrounding the knee
• Strengthening exercises: Focus on quad-strengthening to keep thigh muscles strong
• Use of supportive braces: Wear knee braces during high-risk activities
• Custom orthotics: Use specialized shoe inserts to improve overall leg alignment
• Weight management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knees
• Proper technique: Learn and practice correct form in sports and exercise

Can physical therapy help prevent future dislocations? Absolutely. A tailored physical therapy program can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence by improving muscle strength, flexibility, and overall knee stability.

Long-Term Outlook and Management of Patellar Instability

Understanding the long-term implications of patellar instability is crucial for ongoing management and prevention of complications.

Potential Long-Term Effects

• Chronic knee pain
• Increased risk of osteoarthritis
• Recurrent dislocations or subluxations
• Limited participation in certain sports or activities

How can patients effectively manage patellar instability in the long term? Long-term management involves a combination of ongoing physical therapy, regular exercise, and lifestyle modifications. It’s important to maintain open communication with healthcare providers and adhere to recommended treatment plans.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Regular check-ups with an orthopedic specialist are essential for monitoring the condition of your knee. These visits may include:

• Periodic imaging to assess joint health
• Evaluation of muscle strength and flexibility
• Adjustments to treatment plans as needed
• Discussion of any new symptoms or concerns

Is it possible to return to sports after experiencing patellar instability? Many patients can return to sports and physical activities after proper treatment and rehabilitation. However, the timeline and extent of return to activity should be guided by healthcare professionals based on individual recovery progress.

Advances in Treatment and Research for Patellar Instability

The field of orthopedics continues to evolve, bringing new hope for those suffering from patellar instability. Recent advancements in treatment options and ongoing research are improving outcomes for patients.

Innovative Treatment Approaches

• Minimally invasive surgical techniques
• Advanced imaging for more precise diagnosis
• Personalized 3D-printed knee braces
• Regenerative medicine therapies

What new treatments are on the horizon for patellar instability? Researchers are exploring various avenues, including gene therapy to strengthen ligaments, advanced biomaterials for improved surgical outcomes, and AI-assisted rehabilitation programs.

Participating in Clinical Trials

For some patients, participating in clinical trials may offer access to cutting-edge treatments. These trials not only benefit the individual but also contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge in the field.

How can patients find information about ongoing clinical trials for patellar instability? Patients can explore options through reputable sources such as ClinicalTrials.gov or by discussing possibilities with their orthopedic specialists.

Living with Patellar Instability: Lifestyle Adjustments and Coping Strategies

Adapting to life with patellar instability involves more than just medical treatment. It requires a holistic approach to maintain quality of life and prevent further complications.

Lifestyle Modifications

• Choosing low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling
• Using assistive devices when necessary
• Modifying home and work environments for safety
• Maintaining a healthy diet to support joint health

How can patients maintain an active lifestyle while managing patellar instability? With proper guidance from healthcare professionals, many patients can engage in modified versions of their favorite activities or explore new, knee-friendly hobbies.

Emotional and Psychological Support

Dealing with chronic knee issues can take an emotional toll. It’s important to address both the physical and psychological aspects of living with patellar instability.

• Joining support groups for individuals with similar conditions
• Seeking counseling or therapy if needed
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
• Setting realistic goals and celebrating small victories in recovery

Can mindfulness practices help in managing pain associated with patellar instability? Yes, mindfulness and relaxation techniques have been shown to be effective in pain management for various chronic conditions, including knee-related issues.

Living with patellar instability requires patience, perseverance, and a proactive approach to health management. By staying informed, following medical advice, and making necessary lifestyle adjustments, individuals can effectively manage their condition and maintain a fulfilling, active life. Remember, each person’s journey with patellar instability is unique, and working closely with healthcare providers is key to developing a personalized management plan that addresses individual needs and goals.

Why My Knee Popped Out Of Place, Then Right Back In Again

What Is Patellar Instability?

Patellar instability is a condition in which your kneecap slides or moves out of its normal position within your trochlear groove, which is the groove that your kneecap sits on. This groove helps to stabilize your kneecap and keep it from sliding.

However, if you have patellar instability, the movement will result in an unstable kneecap and can even lead to a dislocated kneecap. The instability of your patellar may be classified as acute or chronic, depending on how frequently it occurs.

Acute instances generally occur in sports, specifically football, basketball, and volleyball. Young athletes whose ages range from 13-20 have the highest incidence rates. Additionally, due to anatomic issues, teenage females are at the highest risk of experiencing instability.

What Happens When My Knee “Pops” Out of Place?

You may wonder what happens when your knee “pops” out of place. Two things can happen. When your knee “pops” out of place, your patella may be “subluxated” or “dislocated,” depending on the degree of your patella instability.

A subluxation is a partial knee dislocation and occurs when your kneecap slightly shifts out of the groove and then “pops” back into place. A patella dislocation occurs if your patella moves entirely out of the groove and stays in that position.

Generally, when you bend or straighten your leg, your kneecap will move up and down in your trochlea groove. When it comes to patellar instability, your kneecap does not track the groove properly.

What Causes a Kneecap Dislocation to Happen?

The most common cause of a kneecap dislocation is a non-contact twisting injury when the knee joint is almost fully extended. Additionally, a direct blow to the kneecap while playing sports, a fall, or another form of accident can cause a partial or complete dislocation.

Dislocated Knee Symptoms

If you have a dislocated knee, you may experience the following:

• Severe pain
• Swelling
• Visible deformity
• Decreased range of motion (ROM)
• Tenderness in the area
• “Popping” sounds when you bend your knee or climb stairs

How Can a Dislocated Knee Be Diagnosed?

To ensure that an accurate diagnosis is made, your specialist will first review your medical history. They will also perform an apprehension test to assess your injury. Imaging tests, such as an X-ray, may also be ordered to provide your specialist with a diagnostic view to ensure that your patella has not been fractured.

It is important to note that even if your knee cap moves back into place on its own, you should still seek the assistance of a specialist so that they can accurately provide a diagnosis and treatment if needed. They can also verify that the surrounding muscles, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels have not been injured.

Treatment Options for a Dislocated Knee

Because each circumstance and injury will vary, your orthopedic surgeon will determine whether non-surgical or surgical intervention is the best treatment for your knee pain.

The initial management of your injury may include swelling reduction, bracing to immobilize your knee joint, and possibly using crutches to assist in weight-bearing so that your knee will not buckle.

Additionally, physical therapy can also be beneficial to your recovery because it strengthens the muscles that hold your kneecap in place. During your physical therapy sessions, a physical therapist will also assist you in improving your range of motion.

If you have chronic instability or a complete kneecap dislocation, your specialist may recommend an arthroscopic procedure.

How Can I Prevent Patellar Dislocation From Reoccurring?

Naturally, you may wonder how to prevent patellar dislocation from reoccurring. Below you will find some helpful tips to guide you in preventing this from becoming a recurring event.

Helpful Strategies to Decrease the Recurrence of Knee Dislocation:

• Modifying your activities
• Stretching
• Quad-strengthening to keep your thigh muscles strong
• Bracing
• Using custom orthotics
• Maintaining a healthy weight

A dislocated knee, whether partial or complete, can be extremely painful. Schedule an appointment with one of our board-certified specialists at OrthoNeuro today to get relief from your knee injuries!

For your convenience, we have many offices located throughout Columbus, OH. Let us provide you with the relief you deserve!

Dislocated kneecap – NHS

A dislocated kneecap is where your kneecap (patella) moves out of place. It is usually caused by an injury to the knee. Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have a dislocated kneecap.

Urgent advice: Get help from NHS 111 if:

You’ve injured your knee and:

• it’s very painful
• it’s swollen or bruised
• you cannot stand up or move your knee
• you think your kneecap dislocated and then moved back into place

You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.

Immediate action required: Go to A&E if:

You’ve injured your knee and:

• your knee has changed shape
• it becomes very swollen very quickly
• you felt a pop or snap in your knee
• you can see bone sticking out of your skin
• it’s bleeding heavily

Call 999 if you’re unable to get to A&E.

While you are waiting for medical help

If you think you have dislocated your kneecap, there are some things you can do while waiting for treatment:

Don’t

• do not raise the affected knee

• do not try to stand or walk on the affected leg

• do not try to put the kneecap back into place yourself

Treatment for a dislocated kneecap

A dislocated kneecap often moves back into place by itself.

Even if it does, you will still need to get it checked by a doctor. You will usually need X-rays or an MRI scan.

If your kneecap does not go back into place by itself, a doctor may have to move it back. You will be given a local anaesthetic and may be offered a sedative so you do not feel any pain.

Surgery may be needed if you have badly damaged your knee. Some people may also need surgery to stop the knee from dislocating again.

After treatment, you’ll need to go to follow-up appointments to check your knee is healing properly.

Recovering from a dislocated kneecap

It can take 6 to 8 weeks to fully recover from a dislocated kneecap, but you will usually be able to walk using the affected knee within a few days.

You may be given a knee support to wear for 2 weeks to help it heal. If walking is painful, using a crutch may help.

Your doctor or a physiotherapist will show you knee exercises that you should do regularly to help speed up your recovery.

Things you can do to help your recovery

There are some things you can do to help with the recovery of a dislocated kneecap.

Do

• take painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen to help with pain

• keep your knee and lower leg slightly raised and supported when resting to reduce swelling

• do knee exercises throughout the day to stop your knee getting stiff

• stay as active as you can

Page last reviewed: 25 January 2023
Next review due: 25 January 2026

Habitual dislocation of the patella treatment in Zaporozhye clinic of orthopedics

By itself, dislocation of the patella occurs rarely, but with congenital anomalies of the knee joint or as a result of other traumatic injuries of the knee patellar dislocations occupy the second most common place among injuries of the knee joint. What does the prefix “usual” mean? She talks about the periodic recurrence of such trauma.

Patella dislocation causes

In order for the patella to displace, which we often call the patella, an enormous load on the leg is necessary. Therefore, most often the cause of this injury is excessively active sports and related falls on the knees, lateral blows to the knee (medial and lateral subluxation of the patella), sharp extension of the knee joint

When such an injury occurs, they speak of an acute condition. If after a while the patella moves again, this is a habitual dislocation of the knee joint. Often it occurs after the reduction of acute displacement of the patella.

Symptoms and signs

Acute trauma to the patella develops characteristic symptoms. The patient feels a sharp severe pain, the patella is visually displaced, swelling of the joint develops. Usually the leg is very painful and difficult to move – bend or straighten, so you should immediately consult a doctor.

Habitual dislocation of the knee causes less pronounced symptoms. The most common are pain in the knee joint and a feeling of instability in the knee (the knee seems to be unstable and is not fixed when moving).

Diagnosis of a dislocated patella

If symptoms occur, you should immediately contact an orthopedic traumatologist for a diagnosis. The fact is that similar manifestations can also talk about other problems with the knee, for example, a fracture of the patella. Therefore, after a full-time examination, a specialist can prescribe:

• radiography of the knee joint in several projections
• MRI of the knee is the most informative diagnostic method that will show, among other things, the condition of the ligaments and treat at the same time.

Dislocation of the patella and its consequences

Injury to the patella is a serious injury that should not be taken lightly. Without timely access to a specialist and accurately selected treatment, it can provoke other problems with the knee joint. For example, dislocation of the patella, even over time, often significantly limits activity: there is constant discomfort and a feeling of instability in the joint. Also, dislocations can be repeated periodically – in this case, they talk about the habitual dislocation of the patella, when even with minor physical exertion, the patella is displaced. Chronic damage to the patella will eventually burn to cause arthrosis (that is, destruction of the joint).

Is surgery necessary for a dislocated kneecap?

Primary patella dislocation is usually treated conservatively. If there is a habitual dislocation of the patella, more serious treatment is needed. However, for repeated dislocations, we recommend surgical treatment – using arthroscopic techniques.

Treatment of patellar dislocation in our clinic

The recommendation of our specialists is to perform knee surgery in case of habitual patellar dislocation. In our clinic, preference is given to low-traumatic arthroscopic methods of treatment (the operation is performed through several punctures). Thus, an orthopedic traumatologist performs manipulations inside the joint as accurately and at the same time sparingly: aligns and fixes the patella, sanitizes the articular cavity, and, if necessary, removes hematomas. Such treatment makes it possible to stop recurring dislocations and to prevent arthrosis.

Rehabilitation after dislocation of the patella

Since arthroscopy is a gentle surgical technique, the rehabilitation period does not last long. An experienced rehabilitation specialist monitors the recovery after treatment in our clinic. It is worth noting that the specialist starts working with patients the very next day after the operation in order to maintain the joint in good shape. A specialist for each develops an individual rehabilitation plan, exercise therapy and physiotherapy for a speedy recovery.

Hyaluronic acid injections or PRP therapy may also be given to improve joint function. These procedures help to improve the nutrition of the joint and speed up healing.

Knee injury: consequences and rehabilitation

Knee injury is one of the most common reasons people seek medical attention. First of all, professional athletes are at risk, as well as rollerbladers and cyclists, skiers, and snowboarders. Sometimes people get a knee injury as a result of a car accident.

For minor knee injuries, it is recommended to reduce physical activity and apply ice compresses. Severe injuries will require surgery and rehabilitation with the participation of a physical therapist. The most common types of knee injuries are: bruise, dislocation, knee fracture, sprain, meniscus tear.

Let’s talk about common injuries and rehabilitation methods.

Patient in physical therapy session

Broken knee

Any bone can be fractured in and around the knee, but the most common fracture is the patella, for example as a result of a fall or car accident. People with osteoporosis are at risk of fracture due to reduced bone density.

A displaced fracture may require surgery, but if the bone is in the correct position, it is enough to wear an orthopedic immobilizer (fixator) to keep the knee in the desired position, and also not to load the leg and wait patiently for recovery.

If the injury was caused by jumping and landing on a straight knee, then it is important to do not only an x-ray of the patella, but also a CT scan to make sure that the bones are not displaced, the fracture will not cause complications to the femur and will not lead to arthritis in the future and chronic pain.

Knee dislocation

Falls, contact sports and car accidents are the most common causes of knee dislocation. With it, one or more bones can be displaced from their natural position. A dislocation can damage the blood vessels and nerves around the knee and may require surgery. Displacement of the patella can be very painful, but easily reversible injury – you need to see a doctor to set the patella in place and apply a splint. Subsequently, a set of physiotherapeutic exercises developed by a specialist in a hospital or rehabilitation center is recommended.

Tendon rupture

Tendons are soft tissues that connect muscles to bones. In the event of a knee injury, the tendon of the kneecap is damaged. This injury can be obtained during sports and as a result of accidental falls. The elderly are also at risk.

If a person cannot lift their leg due to a torn tendon, they should see a doctor as soon as possible. You may need to do an x-ray and an MRI. If they confirm the rupture, then surgery will be required, after which a plaster is installed. Recovery can be lengthy and should be supervised by an orthopedic surgeon and a physical therapist.

Injury to the meniscus

The meniscus is a small piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber in the joint, so if it is damaged, the knee loses stability. A meniscus injury is characterized by inability to flex and straighten the leg, difficulty going up and down stairs, and a characteristic click can be heard when the knee moves. Athletes and dancers know a lot about meniscus damage – this is one of the most common injuries.

A meniscal tear can be identified using X-ray and MRI. Damage may require arthroscopy or surgery. A torn meniscus may require surgery to remove it. When displaced, the orthopedic doctor sets the meniscus in place and puts a plaster or splint, after which physiotherapy is necessary.

There are also degenerative lesions of the meniscus caused by the aging process. Then the injury can be obtained when performing simple exercises: squats, getting up from your haunches, or even in a dream. Treatment and rehabilitation for degenerative lesions should be discussed with an orthopedic and physical therapist.

Tendonitis

This is an inflammation of the tendon that connects the lower leg and the kneecap. Athletes, especially runners, are most at risk, as the cause of tendinitis is constant overexertion and microtrauma. Tendinitis is characterized by pain when pressing on the ligaments and sharp pain during peak exercise during sports. For treatment, you will first need to give up sports, then relieve inflammation with the help of medications, take a course of therapeutic exercises. In special cases, surgery may be needed to remove diseased tissue.

General symptoms

Pain characteristics and intensity may depend on the type of knee injury. But there are symptoms that you should pay attention to in all cases of injury:

• Swelling of the knee,
• Inability to bend or straighten the knee,
• Cracking in the knee,
• Visible bone deformity,
• Increased temperature in the knee,
• Difficulty in carrying weights,
• Constant aching and non-recurring sharp pain,
• Loss of sensation in the knee area.

When to see a doctor

If your symptoms are as described above and first aid and home care do not help, you should see a doctor.
Urgent care is needed immediately after an injury to prevent complications, and in situations of severe swelling and fever in the knee area, which may be an indicator of infection. This is especially important for people with weak immune systems, children, and people who have had previous knee surgery.

An initial examination can be performed by a general practitioner. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is worth contacting a surgeon and an orthopedist. To determine the nature of the injury, the doctor examines the knee and palpates, revealing pathologies. An x-ray may be needed to assess the nature of the injury. An MRI is needed if there is a suspicion of ligament and meniscal injury. Physiotherapists will ensure an effective rehabilitation process.

Risk factors

Factors that increase the risk of knee injury:

• Overweight. Increases stress on the knee joints even during normal activities such as walking or going up and down stairs. It also increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis by destroying articular cartilage.

• Lack of muscle flexibility. Strong and toned muscles help stabilize and protect joints, while muscle flexibility increases range of motion and thus reduces the risk of meniscus injury.

• Some sports. Alpine skiing, basketball, jogging require more stress on the knees than other sports. If you play these sports, it is worth checking regularly with your doctor.

• Previous injury. Having a previous knee injury increases the chance of getting a new one.

The recovery process

The goal of knee treatment and recovery is to return the person to their level of activity and quality of life as they were before the injury. The prognosis for recovery is always individual and depends on the type of injury, as well as the amount of exercise performed.