What are the common causes of knee pain that extends to the ankle. How can you identify symptoms of patellar tendinitis. What treatment options are available for knee pain that radiates down the leg.

Understanding Knee Anatomy and Common Injuries

The knee is a complex joint that plays a crucial role in supporting body weight and facilitating movement. It consists of bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, all of which work together to provide stability and mobility. When any of these components are damaged or inflamed, it can result in severe knee pain that may radiate down to the ankle.

Common knee injuries include:

• Ligament tears (ACL, MCL, PCL)
• Tendon injuries (patellar tendinitis)
• Knee bursitis
• Fractures
• Dislocated kneecap

These injuries can occur due to sudden trauma, overuse, or underlying medical conditions. Understanding the anatomy of the knee and common injuries is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Patellar Tendinitis: A Common Cause of Knee Pain Radiating to Ankle

Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper’s knee, is a frequent cause of knee pain that can extend down to the ankle. This condition occurs when the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone, becomes inflamed or irritated.

What causes patellar tendinitis? This condition typically results from repetitive stress on the patellar tendon, often seen in athletes who engage in activities involving jumping, running, or sudden changes in direction. However, it can affect anyone who puts excessive strain on their knees.

Symptoms of Patellar Tendinitis

Recognizing the symptoms of patellar tendinitis is crucial for early intervention. Common signs include:

• Pain just below the kneecap, especially during physical activity
• Stiffness in the knee, particularly when bending or straightening the leg
• Swelling around the patellar tendon
• Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
• Discomfort that may radiate down the shin towards the ankle

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Diagnosing Knee Pain That Extends to the Ankle

Proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of knee pain that radiates to the ankle. Healthcare providers typically use a combination of methods to identify the underlying cause:

1. Physical examination: The doctor will assess the knee’s range of motion, stability, and areas of tenderness.
2. Medical history: Information about recent activities, injuries, and symptoms helps pinpoint potential causes.
3. Imaging tests: X-rays, MRI scans, or ultrasounds may be ordered to visualize internal structures and detect any abnormalities.
4. Blood tests: These can help rule out inflammatory conditions or infections that may be causing the pain.

Accurate diagnosis ensures that the treatment plan addresses the root cause of the pain, leading to more effective relief and faster recovery.

Treatment Options for Knee Pain Radiating to Ankle

The treatment for knee pain that extends to the ankle depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In many cases, a combination of conservative treatments and lifestyle modifications can provide significant relief.

Conservative Treatment Approaches

What are some non-invasive treatment options for knee pain? Conservative treatments often include:

• Rest and activity modification
• Ice or heat therapy
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
• Physical therapy exercises to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility
• Bracing or taping to support the knee
• Orthotics or proper footwear to improve alignment

These approaches can be highly effective, especially when implemented early in the course of the condition.

Advanced Treatment Options

In cases where conservative treatments don’t provide adequate relief, more advanced options may be considered:

• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to promote healing
• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for chronic tendon issues
• Surgery for severe cases or persistent pain

The choice of treatment depends on individual factors, including the specific diagnosis, severity of symptoms, and patient preferences.

Preventing Knee Injuries and Pain

Prevention is key when it comes to knee health. Adopting certain habits and practices can significantly reduce the risk of knee injuries and pain that radiates to the ankle.

How can you protect your knees from injury? Consider these preventive measures:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on knee joints
• Engage in regular low-impact exercises to strengthen knee-supporting muscles
• Use proper technique during sports and physical activities
• Wear appropriate footwear with good support
• Warm up before exercise and cool down afterward
• Gradually increase the intensity and duration of workouts
• Listen to your body and avoid overexertion

By incorporating these practices into your daily routine, you can help maintain healthy knees and reduce the likelihood of developing pain that extends to the ankle.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Knee Pain

While many cases of knee pain can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. It’s important to recognize these red flags to prevent further damage and ensure proper treatment.

When should you see a doctor for knee pain that radiates to the ankle? Seek medical care if you experience:

• Severe pain or swelling that doesn’t improve with rest and home remedies
• Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
• Visible deformity of the knee joint
• Fever accompanying knee pain, which may indicate infection
• Redness, warmth, or tenderness around the knee, suggesting inflammation or infection
• Persistent pain that interferes with daily activities or sleep

Early intervention can prevent complications and lead to faster recovery. Don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional if you’re concerned about your knee pain.

Rehabilitation and Recovery for Knee Injuries

Proper rehabilitation is crucial for recovery from knee injuries and preventing future problems. A well-designed rehabilitation program can help restore strength, flexibility, and function to the knee joint.

Components of Knee Rehabilitation

What does a typical knee rehabilitation program include? Key components often involve:

• Range of motion exercises to improve flexibility
• Strengthening exercises for muscles supporting the knee
• Balance and proprioception training to enhance stability
• Gait training to correct any abnormal walking patterns
• Functional exercises that mimic daily activities or sport-specific movements
• Pain management techniques

The specific rehabilitation plan will depend on the nature and severity of the knee injury, as well as individual factors such as age, overall health, and activity goals.

Timeframe for Recovery

Recovery time varies widely depending on the type and severity of the knee injury. Minor strains or sprains may heal within a few weeks with proper care, while more severe injuries like ligament tears or fractures can take several months to a year for full recovery.

Patience and consistency are key during the rehabilitation process. Following your healthcare provider’s instructions and adhering to the prescribed exercises and treatments can significantly improve your outcomes and reduce the risk of re-injury.

Alternative Therapies for Knee Pain Management

In addition to conventional treatments, many individuals find relief from knee pain through alternative therapies. These approaches can complement traditional medical care and may provide additional benefits for pain management and overall knee health.

What alternative therapies can help manage knee pain that radiates to the ankle? Consider exploring:

• Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine technique may help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Massage therapy: Targeted massage can improve circulation and reduce muscle tension around the knee.
• Yoga and tai chi: These practices can enhance flexibility, strength, and balance while promoting relaxation.
• Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements: Some studies suggest these may help reduce pain and improve joint function in osteoarthritis.
• Topical herbal remedies: Certain plant-based creams or ointments may provide localized pain relief.

It’s important to consult with your healthcare provider before trying any alternative therapies, especially if you’re currently undergoing treatment for knee pain. They can help you determine which approaches are safe and appropriate for your specific condition.

Long-Term Management of Chronic Knee Pain

For some individuals, knee pain that radiates to the ankle may become a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. Developing a long-term strategy is essential for maintaining quality of life and preventing further joint deterioration.

Lifestyle Modifications

What lifestyle changes can help manage chronic knee pain? Consider implementing these strategies:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joints
• Choose low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling
• Use assistive devices such as canes or braces when necessary
• Modify your home or workspace to reduce knee strain
• Practice stress-reduction techniques to manage pain perception

Ongoing Medical Care

Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are crucial for monitoring the progression of your condition and adjusting your treatment plan as needed. This may include:

• Periodic imaging studies to assess joint health
• Adjustments to medication regimens
• Referrals to specialists such as rheumatologists or orthopedic surgeons
• Exploration of new treatment options as they become available

By taking a proactive approach to managing chronic knee pain, you can maintain mobility, reduce discomfort, and improve your overall quality of life.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for knee pain that radiates to the ankle is crucial for effective management and prevention. Whether you’re dealing with patellar tendinitis, osteoarthritis, or another knee condition, early intervention and proper care can make a significant difference in your outcome. Remember to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and treatment plans tailored to your specific needs. With the right approach, you can work towards relieving your knee pain and maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle.

Common causes and when to see a doctor

Severe knee pain can occur in people of all ages for a range of reasons. Knowing the cause of severe knee pain can help a person seek treatment, relieve symptoms, and regain mobility.

The knee is the joint between the bones of the upper and lower leg. It allows the leg to bend and provides stability to support the weight of the body. The knee supports motions such as walking, running, crouching, jumping, and turning.

Several parts help the knee to do its job, including:

• bones
• cartilage
• muscles
• ligaments
• tendons

Any of these parts are susceptible to disease and injury, which can lead to severe knee pain.

This article breaks down the common causes of severe knee pain into five categories: Trauma, infection, metabolic, degenerative disorders, and connective tissue disorders.

The Arthritis Foundation lists the knee as one of the most injury-prone joints.

The overall structure and components of the knee increase the risk for certain types of injury, which can cause pain and prevent full function.

Common knee injuries occur because of tears in one of the three main ligaments of the knee.

These are:

• the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
• the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
• the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Injuries to these ligaments are common in athletes.

A sudden twisting motion or change in direction can injure the ACL. This is one of the most common knee injuries.

People tend to injure the PCL with direct impact to the area, such as a car crash or football tackle. A direct blow to the knee can lead to MCL damage.

Ligament injuries often require surgery.

Knee trauma can also lead to injuries as a result of overworking or overstretching a tendon. Inflammation, tendinitis, or ruptures can cause knee pain. Engaging in activities that involve the tendons can cause tendon injuries, such as running, jumping, and lifting heavy items.

Patellar tendinitis is the term that describes irritation and inflammation of the patellar tendon in the knee. A severely ruptured tendon usually requires surgical repair.

Less severe cases can be treated with a rigid support called a splint that keeps the knee in a fixed position during the healing process.

Knee bursitis

An injury that inflames the bursae can lead to bursitis. The bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the outside of the knee joint and make it possible for tendons and ligaments to glide easily over the joints.

A sudden blow to the front of the knee can injure the bursae. Alternatively, damage can occur if people spend a lot of time on their knees without protection. Bursitis can lead to swelling, warmth, pain, and stiffness in the knee.

Most people can resolve the symptoms of bursitis with therapy and oral medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therapy can include rest, ice, elevation of the limb, and splinting.

People with serious bursitis might require steroid injections. Individuals will not normally need surgery to make a full recovery and will normally achieve full function with proper management and treatment.

Fractures

Trauma from a fall or collision can cause fractures in the bones of the knee.

The knee contains several bones that can break, including the kneecap, also known as the patella.

Individuals with osteoporosis or other degenerative disorders that weaken bones can fracture their knee simply by stepping off a curb in the wrong way. Serious fractures require surgery, but some people with a knee fracture need only physical therapy.

Dislocated kneecap

Some injuries can cause the kneecap to move out of place.

Often, a doctor can replace the kneecap without issue. An X-ray can identify any accompanying fractures in the area. The individual may have to use a splint to allow the soft tissue around the patella to heal and regain strength. Occasionally, a person will require surgery to prevent further dislocations.

A dislocated knee is a rare but dangerous injury and differs from a dislocated kneecap. It takes a highly powerful blow to cause this type of damage. Though reversible, dislocation of the knee is extremely painful.

The doctor must reduce the dislocation and ensure that there are no further injuries. Injuries to the blood vessels and nerves around the knee are common with this injury, and it can be limb-threatening and life-threatening.

A doctor will almost always recommend surgery to repair the damaged structures in a knee dislocation. It can take about 6 weeks to heal from a dislocated kneecap.

This a medical emergency and requires immediate clinical attention.

Degenerative tissue disorders are a common knee complaint.

Osteoarthritis causes degeneration in the cartilage and surrounding tissues of the knee. It can produce pain, stiffness, and joint dysfunction.

The degenerative condition occurs most commonly as a result of aging. It occurs in 10 percent of men and 13 percent of women over the age of 60 years in the United States.

Although there is no cure for this degenerative disease, people can manage the symptoms with gentle exercise and pain relief medications.

Severe damage may lead to joint replacement or other forms of surgery. A doctor will initially order an X-ray to assess the extent of the damage and decide on the best course of treatment.

Share on PinterestRheumatoid arthritis can be a cause of knee pain.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects the joints.

The immune system attacks the joint tissues instead of harmful elements in the body.

Unlike degenerative tissue disorders, RA and other connective tissue disorders affect the lining of the joints. The result is a painful swelling in the knee joints. If a person does not receive treatment, RA can lead to bone erosion and even joint deformity.

Even though the pain might only occur in the knee area, RA can damage other parts of the body. Discuss treatment options with a doctor.

There is no cure for RA, but medication and treatment options are available. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and biological agents are a few of the possible treatments, as well as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Metabolic causes of knee pain often occur alongside a disease that affects several parts of the body, such as gout.

A build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause gout, one of the most common metabolic complaints that can affect the knee.

Gout is a form of arthritis and can be extremely painful. It causes swelling and inflammation in the knee and can reduce the range of motion in the area.

A doctor will often recommend anti-inflammatory medications or other treatments that help break down the chemicals in gout crystals.

Pseudogout is a similar condition. People commonly mistake this for gout, and it causes calcium-containing crystals to develop in the joint fluid, leading to swelling in the knee.

Treatment for gout and pseudogout are often similar.

Cellulitis is a very serious bacterial skin infection that can affect the knee and surrounding area.

Infection can even occur after a simple scrape on the knee if a person does not receive treatment for cellulitis. Symptoms often include redness in the infected area and skin that feels hot and extremely tender to the touch.

Share on PinterestInfection can occur in the knee, but ice packs are a helpful way to soothe the discomfort.

The infection can spread to other areas of the body, including the lymph nodes and bloodstream. Cellulitis can be life-threatening if there are delays in treatment.

Pay close attention to any scrapes or bruises, especially if they do not seem to be healing.

In most cases, an individual can treat cellulitis by taking antibiotics. Signs and symptoms normally disappear within a few days of treatment.

It is also possible for an infection called septic arthritis to occur in the joints of the knee, causing swelling, pain, and redness. Some individuals also complain of a fever.

Treatment is simple and effective if a person quickly receives care for septic arthritis, but leaving the infection untreated can lead to permanent damage to the cartilage of the knee.

A trained medical professional should perform tests to determine the direct cause of any knee pain.

They may reach a diagnosis by asking the following questions:

• When and how did the pain start?
• Is the pain linked to an injury?
• How severe is the pain?
• How has the pain changed over time?
• What makes the pain worse and what makes it feel better?
• What treatment has taken place so far?
• Has this ever happened before?

The doctor will be able to recommend a course of treatment appropriate for the cause of the pain.

Q:

What is the best way to identify the cause of my knee pain?

A:

The best way to manage knee pain is to identify the cause, as follows:

• Metabolic causes: Is there a history of gout or symptoms including dehydration that could precipitate a gout attack? If you have a diagnosis of gout, are you managing the condition with medication? Keeping up your regimen could reduce knee pain.
• Trauma: You will normally be aware of what causes a trauma, unless it is a repetitive type of trauma, such as a sudden and drastic increase in running distance.
• Infection: Is the joint red, hot, or swollen? Does the patient have a history of infections elsewhere or a compromised immune system? An elevated temperature is also a sign of infection in the knee.
• Osteoarthritis: Was the onset gradual or sudden? With OA, the pain usually develops gradually. Excessive body weight is one of the more common findings in people with osteoarthritis of the knee, so if you are overweight, this could be contributing to knee pain.
• Connective tissue disorders: Do you have a pre-existing diagnosis of a connective tissue disorder? If so, have you been taking medications to control it? Are there other joints involved, as with rheumatoid arthritis? If one knee is involved, a connective tissue disorder will likely affect the other knee.

William Morrison, MDAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

Was this helpful?

Common causes and when to see a doctor

Severe knee pain can occur in people of all ages for a range of reasons. Knowing the cause of severe knee pain can help a person seek treatment, relieve symptoms, and regain mobility.

The knee is the joint between the bones of the upper and lower leg. It allows the leg to bend and provides stability to support the weight of the body. The knee supports motions such as walking, running, crouching, jumping, and turning.

Several parts help the knee to do its job, including:

• bones
• cartilage
• muscles
• ligaments
• tendons

Any of these parts are susceptible to disease and injury, which can lead to severe knee pain.

This article breaks down the common causes of severe knee pain into five categories: Trauma, infection, metabolic, degenerative disorders, and connective tissue disorders.

The Arthritis Foundation lists the knee as one of the most injury-prone joints.

The overall structure and components of the knee increase the risk for certain types of injury, which can cause pain and prevent full function.

Common knee injuries occur because of tears in one of the three main ligaments of the knee.

These are:

• the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
• the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
• the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Injuries to these ligaments are common in athletes.

A sudden twisting motion or change in direction can injure the ACL. This is one of the most common knee injuries.

People tend to injure the PCL with direct impact to the area, such as a car crash or football tackle. A direct blow to the knee can lead to MCL damage.

Ligament injuries often require surgery.

Knee trauma can also lead to injuries as a result of overworking or overstretching a tendon. Inflammation, tendinitis, or ruptures can cause knee pain. Engaging in activities that involve the tendons can cause tendon injuries, such as running, jumping, and lifting heavy items.

Patellar tendinitis is the term that describes irritation and inflammation of the patellar tendon in the knee. A severely ruptured tendon usually requires surgical repair.

Less severe cases can be treated with a rigid support called a splint that keeps the knee in a fixed position during the healing process.

Knee bursitis

An injury that inflames the bursae can lead to bursitis. The bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the outside of the knee joint and make it possible for tendons and ligaments to glide easily over the joints.

A sudden blow to the front of the knee can injure the bursae. Alternatively, damage can occur if people spend a lot of time on their knees without protection. Bursitis can lead to swelling, warmth, pain, and stiffness in the knee.

Most people can resolve the symptoms of bursitis with therapy and oral medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therapy can include rest, ice, elevation of the limb, and splinting.

People with serious bursitis might require steroid injections. Individuals will not normally need surgery to make a full recovery and will normally achieve full function with proper management and treatment.

Fractures

Trauma from a fall or collision can cause fractures in the bones of the knee.

The knee contains several bones that can break, including the kneecap, also known as the patella.

Individuals with osteoporosis or other degenerative disorders that weaken bones can fracture their knee simply by stepping off a curb in the wrong way. Serious fractures require surgery, but some people with a knee fracture need only physical therapy.

Dislocated kneecap

Some injuries can cause the kneecap to move out of place.

Often, a doctor can replace the kneecap without issue. An X-ray can identify any accompanying fractures in the area. The individual may have to use a splint to allow the soft tissue around the patella to heal and regain strength. Occasionally, a person will require surgery to prevent further dislocations.

A dislocated knee is a rare but dangerous injury and differs from a dislocated kneecap. It takes a highly powerful blow to cause this type of damage. Though reversible, dislocation of the knee is extremely painful.

The doctor must reduce the dislocation and ensure that there are no further injuries. Injuries to the blood vessels and nerves around the knee are common with this injury, and it can be limb-threatening and life-threatening.

A doctor will almost always recommend surgery to repair the damaged structures in a knee dislocation. It can take about 6 weeks to heal from a dislocated kneecap.

This a medical emergency and requires immediate clinical attention.

Degenerative tissue disorders are a common knee complaint.

Osteoarthritis causes degeneration in the cartilage and surrounding tissues of the knee. It can produce pain, stiffness, and joint dysfunction.

The degenerative condition occurs most commonly as a result of aging. It occurs in 10 percent of men and 13 percent of women over the age of 60 years in the United States.

Although there is no cure for this degenerative disease, people can manage the symptoms with gentle exercise and pain relief medications.

Severe damage may lead to joint replacement or other forms of surgery. A doctor will initially order an X-ray to assess the extent of the damage and decide on the best course of treatment.

Share on PinterestRheumatoid arthritis can be a cause of knee pain.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects the joints.

The immune system attacks the joint tissues instead of harmful elements in the body.

Unlike degenerative tissue disorders, RA and other connective tissue disorders affect the lining of the joints. The result is a painful swelling in the knee joints. If a person does not receive treatment, RA can lead to bone erosion and even joint deformity.

Even though the pain might only occur in the knee area, RA can damage other parts of the body. Discuss treatment options with a doctor.

There is no cure for RA, but medication and treatment options are available. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and biological agents are a few of the possible treatments, as well as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Metabolic causes of knee pain often occur alongside a disease that affects several parts of the body, such as gout.

A build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause gout, one of the most common metabolic complaints that can affect the knee.

Gout is a form of arthritis and can be extremely painful. It causes swelling and inflammation in the knee and can reduce the range of motion in the area.

A doctor will often recommend anti-inflammatory medications or other treatments that help break down the chemicals in gout crystals.

Pseudogout is a similar condition. People commonly mistake this for gout, and it causes calcium-containing crystals to develop in the joint fluid, leading to swelling in the knee.

Treatment for gout and pseudogout are often similar.

Cellulitis is a very serious bacterial skin infection that can affect the knee and surrounding area.

Infection can even occur after a simple scrape on the knee if a person does not receive treatment for cellulitis. Symptoms often include redness in the infected area and skin that feels hot and extremely tender to the touch.

Share on PinterestInfection can occur in the knee, but ice packs are a helpful way to soothe the discomfort.

The infection can spread to other areas of the body, including the lymph nodes and bloodstream. Cellulitis can be life-threatening if there are delays in treatment.

Pay close attention to any scrapes or bruises, especially if they do not seem to be healing.

In most cases, an individual can treat cellulitis by taking antibiotics. Signs and symptoms normally disappear within a few days of treatment.

It is also possible for an infection called septic arthritis to occur in the joints of the knee, causing swelling, pain, and redness. Some individuals also complain of a fever.

Treatment is simple and effective if a person quickly receives care for septic arthritis, but leaving the infection untreated can lead to permanent damage to the cartilage of the knee.

A trained medical professional should perform tests to determine the direct cause of any knee pain.

They may reach a diagnosis by asking the following questions:

• When and how did the pain start?
• Is the pain linked to an injury?
• How severe is the pain?
• How has the pain changed over time?
• What makes the pain worse and what makes it feel better?
• What treatment has taken place so far?
• Has this ever happened before?

The doctor will be able to recommend a course of treatment appropriate for the cause of the pain.

Q:

What is the best way to identify the cause of my knee pain?

A:

The best way to manage knee pain is to identify the cause, as follows:

• Metabolic causes: Is there a history of gout or symptoms including dehydration that could precipitate a gout attack? If you have a diagnosis of gout, are you managing the condition with medication? Keeping up your regimen could reduce knee pain.
• Trauma: You will normally be aware of what causes a trauma, unless it is a repetitive type of trauma, such as a sudden and drastic increase in running distance.
• Infection: Is the joint red, hot, or swollen? Does the patient have a history of infections elsewhere or a compromised immune system? An elevated temperature is also a sign of infection in the knee.
• Osteoarthritis: Was the onset gradual or sudden? With OA, the pain usually develops gradually. Excessive body weight is one of the more common findings in people with osteoarthritis of the knee, so if you are overweight, this could be contributing to knee pain.
• Connective tissue disorders: Do you have a pre-existing diagnosis of a connective tissue disorder? If so, have you been taking medications to control it? Are there other joints involved, as with rheumatoid arthritis? If one knee is involved, a connective tissue disorder will likely affect the other knee.

William Morrison, MDAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

Was this helpful?

Pain in the knee. Why does my knee hurt?| orthoped-klinik.com

• When do you feel knee pain?
• Pain in the knee when climbing stairs
• Pain in the knee on flexion and extension of the leg
• Anterior knee pain, medial and lateral injuries
• Pain in the knee after running, sports and waking
• Pain in the knee joint due to arthrosis

Treatment of knee pain. Clinical examination.

Pain in the knee joint is individual: the localization of pain indicates possible causes. In addition, before treating knee joint , it is necessary to understand the essence of the disease and think about whether pain appeared after an accident or a sudden fall. The quality of pain sensations can also reveal the origin of the pain. One of the first signs of the diagnosis of this pathology is a situation or movement in which pain occurs most often. Often this is a certain sequence of movements and everyday situations.

When do you feel knee pain?

Pain in the knee can be different. Their exact description can help the Gelenk Clinic specialist in making a diagnosis.

What are the types of pain?

• piercing
• blunt
• stinging
• swollen or due to overheating of the knee joint

Causes of stabbing pain in the knee

Pricking sensations mainly indicate acute injuries, and are most often accompanied by swelling or acute inflammatory processes.

• Tears of internal and external ligaments
• Cruciate ligament rupture
• Medial patellar luxation
• Sudden rupture of the meniscus, sometimes blockade of the knee joint

Causes of dull pain in the knee joint

• local necrosis of the femoral condyle (Ahlbeck’s disease)
• osteochondrosis dissecans
• chronic medial dislocation of the patella
• patellar dysplasia
• Meniscus tear

Causes of burning and chronic knee pain

• rheumatoid arthritis
• inflammation of the sciatic nerve (nerve impingement due to a herniated disc or spinal stenosis)
• polyneuropathy in diabetes or alcohol abuse
• iliotibial tract syndrome (TIT)

Pain becomes chronic if swelling and blockade continue for more than six weeks. If after 3-4 days you still feel discomfort in the knee joint, be sure to consult a doctor. Chronic pain can occur for a variety of reasons.

• cruciate ligament rupture
• torn meniscus
• fracture of the head of the tibia and other poorly healed fractures that form steps on the articular surface
• destruction of the articular cartilage behind the kneecap (chondromalacia) after a blow or fracture

Knee pain when climbing stairs

The function of the cruciate ligament can be tested as part of a clinical examination using a variety of tests. The drawer test shows the instability of the knee joint that the patient feels when climbing mountainous terrain or descending stairs. This indicates that the anterior cruciate ligament is not doing its job properly. © Gelenk-Klinik/Prof. Dr. Sven Ostermeier.

When we go down a mountain or stairs, the weight of the whole body is transferred to the knee: this happens through the strength of the thigh muscles and the degree of tension of the patella (patella). Therefore, during such movements, the greatest load is made behind the patella. Knee pain when descending stairs may indicate an ACL tear. These structures are designed to stabilize the thigh and lower legs, as well as strengthening them in the knee joint.

Pain in the knee when flexing and extending the leg

In the squatting position, there is maximum pressure on the knee joint. Therefore, certain groups of professions (eg tilers) suffer from this pathology more often than others. © Wellnhofer Designs, Fotolia

Stitching pain in the knee may appear after extension or flexion of the knee joint. The maximum load on the joint is exerted by the position of a person squatting. Certain injuries cause pain in the knee when the patient squats:

• Femoropatellar arthrosis – the patella exerts maximum pressure on the femur
• Bursitis – cartilage injuries behind the patella caused by chronic overload
• Fractured patella

Pain in the front of the knee, medial and lateral injuries

Pain in the knee from the inside touches the internal (medial) lateral ligaments or structures of the inner region of the knee joint. They can be caused by improperly fitted or worn shoes. An orthopedic cause of the pathology may be plano-valgus deformity of the feet.

If there is acute pain or blockage in the joint when the leg is extended or flexed, the cause is most likely an injury to the meniscus inside the knee.

During the clinical examination at the best specialists of the Gelenk Clinic, an X-ray, ultrasound or MRI is offered. These techniques are carried out on the most modern equipment and will help you understand the cause of knee pain.

Knee pain after running, sports and waking up

Many runners experience knee pain after running. First of all, in beginner athletes or after a long break, knee pain does not cause any suspicion. Regarding knee pain after a run, there is one rule: in the morning it should pass.

If the pain continues even after three days, it is necessary to think about the cause. Maybe it’s inflammation in the knee. If you notice swelling and feel warmth in your knee, contact a specialist immediately.

If you suffer from knee pain at night or at rest, inflammation in the knee joint may be the cause. However, pains radiating from the spine (eg spinal stenosis or a herniated disc can cause discomfort in the knee at night.

Pain in the knee joint due to arthrosis and rheumatism

A balanced diet and the use of fewer animal products prevents the inflammatory process in the body. Thus, patients can control knee pain. © monticelllo, Fotolia

The mainstay of gonarthrosis treatment is lifestyle modification. Only a few patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee need surgery. The main elements of the treatment of this pathology are the correction of nutrition (less meat, sugar, more vegetables and foods rich in nutrients), as well as lifestyle changes.

Rheumatoid pain can occur for various reasons. These include autoimmune diseases, disorders of the digestive tract, or hemochromatosis. Rheumatic inflammation immediately affects the articular cartilage and is therefore particularly dangerous. For this reason, such inflammation must be stopped as soon as possible. Treatment of knee pain due to rheumatism is carried out with the help of special non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs), as well as immunomodulatory drugs.

If you have any questions about knee pain, please contact the orthopedists at the Gelenk Klinik Freiburg.

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Why does my knee hurt on the inside? Causes and accompanying symptoms

Contents

1. Structure of the joint on MRI images of the knee?2. Causes of tenderness seen on knee MRI3. Pain on the inside 4. What to do if the disease is not detected on the pictures?5. Diagnosis of pathologies through radiography, ultrasound and MRI of the knee6. Treatment7. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment

Joints can hurt not only in the elderly or athletes, but also in young patients who are recommended to turn to MRI as a diagnostic method. The knee, as one of the moving parts of the musculoskeletal system, takes most of the load, which leads to premature exhaustion or tissue damage. Every year more and more young people and preschool children seek medical help, complaining of pain in the joints of the legs.

Structure of the joint on MRI of the knee?

Despite the external simplicity, the structure of this site has a complex structure. In addition to the anatomical connection of the two bones of the lower limb (tibia and femur), the articular area is represented by cartilage fibers, connective, ligamentous and muscular apparatus, nerve and blood channels. The frontal side of the fold is called the lateral side, and the popliteal (inner) side is called the medial side.

The natural hinge is held in a dynamic state by the cruciate ligaments, which also give the force of movement. An MRI of the knee shows that between the dense surfaces of the two bones there is a cartilaginous seal – the meniscus disc. Its purpose is to evenly distribute the load on the limb. The tissue is not erased in the interosseous space, as it is surrounded by liquid-filled capsules – bursae.

The maximum mobility of the site is provided by the work of the quadriceps anterior muscle, which also appears on MRI of the knee. According to the anatomical algorithm, it straightens the limb, and the tendons located in the inner part of the fold pull the lower leg to the tibia. In the absence of damage or systemic diseases, wear and tear of bones and cartilage does not occur for many years if the articular zones of the body are not overstressed. But in some cases, premature aging of the “hinged” part of the legs is manifested. The following factors influence the anomalous process:

• Osteoarthritis and arthrosis damage that can lead to complete immobility of the bone joint.
• Age-related changes in the body leading to tissue aging.
• Excessive weight, putting a lot of stress on the legs.
• Hormonal changes affecting circulation.
• Congenital pathologies of development and genetic disposition to bone diseases.
• Surgical intervention and other types of trauma.
• Forced physical overload due to occupational hazards.

In addition to the above list, the attending specialist can fix premature articular aging in violation of posture, adverse environmental impacts and addiction to smoking and alcohol.

Causes of pain seen on MRI of the knee

Separate temporary pathological conditions, manifested in episodic joint pain, and permanent, indicating the development of any disease. Temporary discomfort can occur with improper distribution of physical activity, mild to moderate injuries, reactions to weather changes, minor sprains or tendons.

Chronic pain requires urgent MRI. A constantly disturbing knee speaks of a pathology that can manifest itself as persistent discomfort or a painful syndrome that appears after walking, running, flexion-extension of the legs or squats. So, if discomfort arose after the first run, then most often this is evidence of muscle strain. But if the pain recurs after each run, it is a signal of meniscus damage, luxation of the calyx, rupture of the ligamentous fibers, or the appearance of an intervertebral hernia, which is also visualized on an MRI. The knee suffers from this anomaly due to pinching of the nerve passing through the damaged vertebra.

When walking, the joint may hurt due to impaired circulation or wearing uncomfortable shoes. Cramps in the popliteal space occur after an “unsuccessful” lifting of weights or an injury that is imperceptible at first glance. If an aching sensation occurs when trying to sit down, go up or down the stairs, this indicates the initial stage of the development of arthritis or arthrosis, Schlatter’s disease, or microscopic stretching of the fibers that occurred as a result of improper exercise.

Internal pain

Internal pain may be accompanied by upward changes in local tissue temperature, skin redness, visible swelling and bruising. It is caused by such pathologies:

• arthritis;
• trauma, recent or old;
• the same daily exhausting overloads;
• bone infection;
• cystic formations in the joint structure;
• osteochondritis clearly seen on MRI of the knee.

As a result of incorrect load distribution, deformation of the “hinged” section occurs. The tissues lose their safe interaction, wear out against each other, and the main pressure falls on the inner side of the joint.

What if the disease is not found on the images?

If the patient cannot accurately determine the intensity with which he feels pain, and the attending specialist does not observe associated pathological signs of known diseases, it can be assumed that the phenomenon is temporary. If the soreness appeared as a result of fatigue and long work on the legs, it is enough to lie down for a while, increase the rest period. The absence of pain after such a break indicates the absence of the disease.

To speed up the recovery time of the joints after a load or stress, you can use some folk recommendations or use an anti-inflammatory drug in the form of an ointment or gel. Well proven herbal compresses, mixed on the basis of St. John’s wort, hop cones and sweet clover. Sea buckthorn oil or aloe juice mixed with honey copes well with inflammation.

Diagnosis of pathologies by radiography, ultrasound and MRI of the knee

If the described remedies do not help, the pain becomes more frequent and is accompanied by accompanying symptoms, it is urgent to contact an orthopedist-traumatologist. If necessary, he will recommend connecting other highly specialized specialists to the diagnostic manipulations: a surgeon, a rheumatologist, an oncologist or a neurologist. Maple MRI is rarely used as a primary method, since mechanical damage to the site is easily detected using traditional hardware procedures (X-ray and ultrasound).

If the cause of pain is not an injury, but an internal disease, it is required to differentiate the pathology from similar articular anomalies. Classical techniques are not able to cope with the explanation of the root cause of inflammatory processes or the appearance of tumor formations. If a pathological object was detected, the diagnosticians could not clearly determine how aggressive cells were introduced into adjacent tissues. By means of tomographic research methods, this problem is solved in a short period of time.

Knee MRI provides numerous images of the internal structures of the area under study, which clearly show both dense bone fibers and soft tissue formations. The possibility of multiple magnification allows you to explore the blood and nerve channels, detect foci of infection, degenerative disorders, find the primary tumor and metastases spreading from it. The technique allows you to get maximum information in a short time, when the timeliness of therapy plays a big role.

Treatment

After the scan has been performed and the problem has been identified, a plan for the subsequent restoration of the articular area is developed. So, if the cause of pain is a severe bruise, but destruction, cracking of bone or cartilage fibers has not occurred, long rest and cold compresses are required on the affected area. It is important to immobilize the leg for a while.

If inflammation occurring in various tissues of the joint system is detected during a diagnostic screening MRI of the knee, drug therapy is prescribed. Most often, medicines are used in the form of external ointments or gels. The accompanying treatment is the wearing of a pressure bandage if bursitis has been previously diagnosed. In some cases, internal administration of antiseptic agents is required, introduced into the focus of infection through a syringe puncture.

Specific joint diseases are treated with targeted drug therapy. With a strong destruction of tissues, the issue of surgical intervention is decided. At the remission stage, physiotherapy warming up, massages, courses of therapeutic exercises are traditionally used.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment

After the performed restorative manipulations, it is recommended to carry out preventive diagnostics, which allows assessing the correctness of the therapy or surgical intervention. Screening assesses the rate of tissue regeneration and the absence of recurrent processes. The study is available in specialized clinics that conduct appointments in every district of the city.