L threonine benefits. L-Threonine Benefits: Essential Amino Acid for Muscle Control and Protein Synthesis
What are the potential benefits of L-threonine. How does this essential amino acid impact muscle control and protein synthesis. Can L-threonine help with spasticity and neurological disorders. What are the recommended dosages and potential side effects of L-threonine supplementation.
Understanding L-Threonine: An Essential Amino Acid
L-threonine is one of the essential amino acids that our bodies cannot produce on their own. As a crucial building block for proteins, it plays a vital role in various physiological processes. But what exactly makes L-threonine so important?
Essential amino acids are those that must be obtained through diet or supplementation. L-threonine falls into this category, making it a necessary component of a balanced nutritional intake. Its primary function is to assist in protein synthesis, but its benefits extend far beyond this fundamental role.
Key Functions of L-Threonine in the Body
- Protein synthesis and muscle growth
- Production of collagen and elastin
- Support for immune system function
- Maintenance of proper nervous system function
- Assistance in fat metabolism
Understanding these functions helps explain why L-threonine has garnered attention in both nutritional and medical contexts. Its potential to influence various bodily systems makes it an intriguing subject for researchers and health practitioners alike.
L-Threonine and Muscle Control: Exploring the Connection
One of the most intriguing aspects of L-threonine is its potential impact on muscle control. This amino acid has been studied for its effects on various neurological conditions, particularly those involving muscle spasticity. But how does L-threonine influence muscle function?
In the body, L-threonine is converted to glycine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating muscle contractions. Glycine works in the brain to reduce unwanted and constant muscle contractions, a condition known as spasticity. This mechanism has led researchers to investigate L-threonine’s potential in treating various neurological disorders.
Conditions Potentially Impacted by L-Threonine
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Familial Spastic Paraparesis (FSP)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Spinal cord injuries resulting in spasticity
While initial research has shown promise, it’s important to note that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand L-threonine’s efficacy in treating these conditions. Current evidence suggests varying degrees of effectiveness, with some studies showing modest improvements in symptoms, while others indicate no significant benefit.
L-Threonine Supplementation: Dosages and Considerations
For those considering L-threonine supplementation, understanding proper dosages and potential side effects is crucial. How much L-threonine should one consume, and what factors influence dosage recommendations?
The recommended dietary intake of L-threonine ranges from 0.5 to 1 gram per day for most adults. However, therapeutic doses used in clinical studies have been significantly higher, ranging from 1.5 to 4 grams daily. It’s important to note that these higher doses should only be taken under medical supervision.
Factors Influencing L-Threonine Dosage
- Age and overall health status
- Specific medical condition being addressed
- Body weight and metabolism
- Dietary intake of other amino acids
- Presence of any underlying health issues
When considering L-threonine supplementation, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your individual needs. They can take into account your specific health circumstances and any potential interactions with other medications or supplements you may be taking.
Potential Side Effects and Safety Considerations of L-Threonine
While L-threonine is generally considered safe when consumed in food amounts or as directed in supplement form, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects. Are there any risks associated with L-threonine supplementation?
L-threonine is typically well-tolerated when taken in recommended doses. However, some individuals may experience minor side effects, particularly when taking higher doses. These side effects can include:
- Stomach upset
- Headache
- Nausea
- Skin rash
In most cases, these side effects are mild and resolve on their own. However, if you experience persistent or severe symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider. They can help determine if the symptoms are related to L-threonine supplementation and advise on the best course of action.
Special Precautions for L-Threonine Use
Certain groups should exercise caution when considering L-threonine supplementation. These include:
- Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Due to limited research, it’s advisable to avoid L-threonine supplementation during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
- Individuals with ALS: Some studies have suggested that L-threonine might decrease lung function in patients with ALS. More research is needed to confirm this potential effect.
- People taking certain medications: L-threonine may interact with some medications, such as those used for Alzheimer’s disease (e.g., memantine).
As with any supplement, it’s crucial to discuss L-threonine use with a healthcare provider before starting supplementation, especially if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.
L-Threonine in Food Sources: Meeting Your Dietary Needs
While L-threonine supplements are available, it’s often possible to meet your dietary needs through food sources. Which foods are rich in L-threonine, and how can you incorporate them into your diet?
L-threonine is found in a variety of protein-rich foods. Including these foods in your diet can help ensure you’re getting an adequate intake of this essential amino acid. Some excellent sources of L-threonine include:
- Meat (beef, pork, poultry)
- Fish and seafood
- Eggs
- Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
- Legumes (beans, lentils, soybeans)
- Nuts and seeds
- Whole grains
For those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, combining different plant-based protein sources can help ensure a complete amino acid profile. For example, pairing legumes with whole grains can provide a balanced mix of essential amino acids, including L-threonine.
Incorporating L-Threonine-Rich Foods into Your Diet
Here are some practical ways to increase your L-threonine intake through your diet:
- Start your day with a protein-rich breakfast, such as eggs with whole grain toast or Greek yogurt with nuts and seeds.
- Include lean meats or fish in your lunch and dinner meals.
- Snack on nuts, seeds, or low-fat dairy products.
- Incorporate legumes into your meals through dishes like lentil soup, bean salads, or hummus.
- Choose whole grain options over refined grains when possible.
By focusing on a balanced diet that includes a variety of protein sources, most people can meet their L-threonine needs without the need for supplementation.
L-Threonine and Collagen Production: Implications for Skin Health
Beyond its role in muscle control and protein synthesis, L-threonine plays a crucial part in collagen production. How does this impact skin health, and what are the potential benefits?
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, crucial for maintaining the structure and elasticity of skin, bones, and connective tissues. L-threonine is a key component in the production of collagen and elastin, two proteins essential for skin health and appearance.
L-Threonine’s Role in Skin Health
- Supports collagen production, helping maintain skin elasticity
- Aids in the formation of elastin, contributing to skin’s firmness
- May help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
- Supports overall skin structure and integrity
While more research is needed to fully understand the extent of L-threonine’s benefits for skin health, its role in collagen production suggests potential advantages for maintaining youthful and healthy-looking skin.
L-Threonine and Immune Function: Boosting Your Body’s Defenses
L-threonine’s impact on the body extends to the immune system, playing a role in supporting our natural defenses. But how exactly does this amino acid contribute to immune function?
L-threonine is involved in the production of antibodies and immunoglobulins, key components of the immune system. These proteins help the body identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. By supporting the production of these immune system components, L-threonine may help enhance overall immune function.
Ways L-Threonine Supports Immune Health
- Aids in the production of antibodies
- Supports the formation of immunoglobulins
- May help in the maintenance of the thymus gland, a crucial organ for immune function
- Contributes to the overall balance of amino acids necessary for optimal immune response
While a balanced diet typically provides sufficient L-threonine for immune function, some researchers suggest that during periods of stress or illness, additional L-threonine might be beneficial. However, more studies are needed to confirm the extent of L-threonine’s impact on immune health and to determine if supplementation provides significant benefits beyond a well-balanced diet.
Future Research Directions for L-Threonine
As our understanding of L-threonine grows, researchers continue to explore its potential applications in various areas of health and medicine. What are some of the promising areas of future research for L-threonine?
While current research has provided valuable insights into L-threonine’s roles and potential benefits, many questions remain. Future studies may focus on several key areas:
Potential Areas of L-Threonine Research
- Further investigation into its efficacy for treating neurological disorders and muscle spasticity
- Exploration of its potential role in mood regulation and mental health
- Deeper understanding of its impact on collagen production and skin health
- Investigation of its potential benefits for digestive health and gut function
- Examination of its role in supporting cardiovascular health
As research progresses, we may gain a more comprehensive understanding of L-threonine’s full potential in supporting human health. This could lead to new therapeutic applications and a better understanding of how to optimize L-threonine intake for various health outcomes.
In conclusion, L-threonine is a versatile and essential amino acid with a wide range of potential health benefits. From its crucial role in protein synthesis to its impact on muscle control, immune function, and skin health, L-threonine continues to be an intriguing subject of study. While more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential, maintaining adequate L-threonine intake through a balanced diet remains important for overall health and well-being. As always, individuals considering L-threonine supplementation should consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate approach for their specific needs and health status.
Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews
Overview
Threonine is an essential amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks the body uses to make proteins. The “essential” amino acids are those that cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
People use threonine for conditions such as a muscle control disorder marked by involuntary movements and muscle tightness (spasticity), multiple sclerosis (MS), inherited disorders marked by weakness and stiffness in the legs (familial spastic paraparesis or FSP), and Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS), but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Threonine is changed in the body to a chemical called glycine. Glycine works in the brain to reduce constant and unwanted muscle contractions (spasticity).
Uses & Effectiveness ?
Possibly Ineffective for
- Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS). Taking 2 grams to 4 grams of threonine daily for up to 12 months does not seem to slow the progression of ALS or reduce symptoms. There is also some evidence that threonine might actually worsen lung function in people with ALS.
Insufficient Evidence for
- Inherited disorders marked by weakness and stiffness in the legs (familial spastic paraparesis or FSP). Early research suggests that taking 1.5 grams to 2 grams of threonine by mouth three times daily might improve some symptoms in people with familial spastic paraparesis. But the improvement does not seem to be very significant.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS). Early research suggests that taking 2.5 grams of threonine by mouth three times daily for 8 weeks does not reduce muscle stiffness (spasticity) in people with MS.
- A muscle control disorder marked by involuntary movements and muscle tightness (spasticity). Early research suggests that taking 2 grams of threonine by mouth three times daily modestly decreases muscle contractions in people with spinal spasticity caused by spinal cord injury.
- Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of threonine for these uses.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Threonine is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. It’s been proposed that people need to get about 0.5 to 1 gram of threonine from their diet per day. This amount is considered to be safe. Threonine is POSSIBLY SAFE when used as a medicine. Doses of up to 4 grams of threonine daily have been used safely for up to 12 months. Some people experience minor side effects such as stomach upset, headache, nausea, and skin rash.
Special Precautions and Warnings
When taken by mouth: Threonine is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. It’s been proposed that people need to get about 0.5 to 1 gram of threonine from their diet per day. This amount is considered to be safe. Threonine is POSSIBLY SAFE when used as a medicine. Doses of up to 4 grams of threonine daily have been used safely for up to 12 months. Some people experience minor side effects such as stomach upset, headache, nausea, and skin rash. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn’t enough reliable information to know if threonine is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease):There is some concern that threonine might decrease lung function in patients with ALS. In one study, ALS patients taking 1 gram of threonine four times per day for 6 months had significantly reduced lung function compared to patients who did not receive threonine. More evidence is needed to determine if threonine was actually at fault.
Interactions ?
There is some concern that threonine might decrease how well a medication used for Alzheimer’s disease works. This medication is called memantine (Namenda).
Major Interaction
Do not take this combination
Dosing
The appropriate dose of threonine depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for threonine. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
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CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.
This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.
Threonine Benefits, Uses, Foods, Supplements and Side Effects
Fact Checked
This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information.
With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.
This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies.
Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased.
The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.
By Christine Ruggeri, CHHC
August 19, 2019
Chances are you haven’t heard much about threonine, but this amino acid is involved in a range of biological processes. It’s best known for its role in forming the foundation of connective tissues like collagen and elastin.
It also helps regulate digestion, mood and muscle growth.
Essential amino acids like threonine are the building blocks of proteins. They play a vital role in the structure of our bones, muscles and skin.
When we don’t eat enough foods high in these important compounds, we can experience deficiency symptoms like mood changes, irritability, confusion and digestive problems.
This is just another reason why it’s so important to eat a well-balanced diet that included a range of high-protein foods, ensuring that you get enough essential amino acids.
What Is Threonine?
Threonine is an essential amino acid that plays an important role in regulating protein balance in the body. Because it’s considered an “essential amino acid,” that means the body doesn’t synthesize the amino acid, so we need to eat foods high in threonine to obtain it.
The threonine abbreviation is Thr, and its one letter code is T. The proper threonine pronunciation is “three-uh-need.”
The threonine formula is C4H9NO3, and it contains an a-amino group, a carboxyl group and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group. This makes the threonine structure a polar, uncharged amino acid.
Thr amino acid occurs naturally in the L-form, L-threonine. It’s a conjugate base of L-threoninium and a conjugate acid of L-threoninate.
Here are some common questions about the structure of threonine amino acid:
- How many stereoisomers does threonine have? Thr has four possible stereoisomers: (2S,3R), (2R,3S), (2S,3S) and (2R, 3R).
- Is threonine positively charged? T amino acid is considered to have polar properties.
- Is threonine acidic or basic? Thr is considered polar, while amino acids lysine and arginine are considered basic and charged, and aspartate and glutamate are acidic and negatively charged.
- What is the threonine codon code? The possible threonine codons include ACA, ACC, ACG and ACT.
Amino acid T is a precursor to serine and glycine, two other amino acids that are needed for the body to function properly.
Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which means that it’s made in small amounts by the human body. It’s also available in foods, and many people can benefit from consuming more from their diets.
This is especially true if the person has a medical condition that limits the synthesis of glycine.
Benefits
1. Supports Digestive Health
Threonine protects the digestive tract by producing a mucus gel layer that covers it and serves as a barrier to damaging digestive enzymes. This important amino acid also supports healthy gut function by promoting the protective effects of the gut mucus barrier.
According to research published in Frontiers in Bioscience, a large proportion of dietary threonine is utilized for intestinal-mucosal protein synthesis. For this reason, consuming Thr foods may help to improve gut health under physiological and pathological conditions in both humans and animals.
2. Boosts Immune System
We need enough Thr to support proper immune function. The thymus gland uses the essential amino acid to make T-cells, or T lymphocytes, that work to fight off infections inside the body.
Research published in Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology states that “serine/threonine kinases control the epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T-cell function.” Researchers explain that at a basic level, serine and threonine kinases work as a series of on/off switches that trigger antigen and cytokine receptors that make up the immune system.
3. May Improve Muscle Contractions
Although more research is needed to further understand its role, there is some evidence that Thr may benefit symptoms of ALS, aka Lou Gehrig’s disease. Thr amino acid works to increase glycine levels in the central nervous system.
Glycine is used to treat spasticity, which is why L-threonine has been assessed for its ability to improve spasticity, or contracting muscles, in ALS patients.
In a review conducted in Australia, researchers found that a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral L-threonine to treat spinal spasticity indicates a modest antispasmodic effect. However, studies involving ALS patients show no improvements with L-thr treatment.
These mixed reviews suggest that using L-threonine supplements may help reduce muscle contractions but may not be effective for ALS symptoms.
4. Supports Muscle and Bone Strength
Did you know that collagen and elastin proteins need threonine for proper production? You may already know that collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and it’s found in our muscles, bones, skin, blood vessels, tendons and digestive system.
Because Thr allows for the production of collagen, it plays a vital role in the health of your bones and muscles.
Research conducted Texas A&M University indicates that glycine from threonine, proline and hydroxyproline contributes to 57 percent of total amino acids in collagen. Thr amino acid is a precursor to glycine, which is also used during the biosynthesis of creatine, providing muscles with a direct source of fuel to repair damage.
Threonine also allows for proper elastin function. Elastin is a protein that’s found in connective tissue and lets the skin, tendons and ligaments resume shape after stretching or contracting.
5. Helps Prevent Fatty Liver
Thr amino acid prevents fat buildup in the liver. It does this by regulating fat metabolism and facilitating lipotropic function.
Liptropic compounds work to break down fat during metabolism, and without the amino acids threonine, methionine and aspartic acid, this wouldn’t be possible. Threonine deficiency can lead to fatty liver and even liver failure.
An animal study published in the American Journal of Physiology found that Thr-deficient diets increase mitochondrial uncoupling in the liver. This means that diets lacking quality protein foods that provide essential amino acids can lead to cell malfunction and the buildup of fats in the liver.
6. May Alleviate Anxiety and Mild Depression
Studies shows that alternations in serum levels of amino acids, including serine and glycine, which require Thr for production, are linked to major depression. Researchers in Belgium found that changes in levels of threonine, aspartate, asparagine and serine may predict a patient’s response to treatment with antidepressants by modulating amino acid levels in the body.
Because Thr is a precursor to glycine, which helps calm nerves and support cognitive health, it’s often used as a supplement to relieve signs of anxiety and depression. Glycine is also known for its ability to help improve sleep, mental performance, mood and memory.
7. Accelerates Wound Healing
Threonine is needed for the proper production of collagen, which is required for connective tissue formation and wound healing.
Research shows that after experiencing burns or trauma, individuals have greater urinary spill of threonine. This indicates that the amino acid is metabolized from body tissues after an injury.
Increasing your intake of Thr through amino acid T foods or supplements may help speed healing of wounds, burns and other forms of trauma.
Deficiency Symptoms and Causes
Threonine deficiency is rare, as most people get enough of the amino acid in the foods they eat. However, people with an unbalanced diet, vegans and vegetarians, may not consume enough threonine foods, which can cause low levels of the amino acid.
Thr deficiency may cause the following symptoms:
- digestive problems
- irritability or emotional agitation
- confusion
- increased liver fat
- poor nutrient absorption
Foods and Supplements
What is threonine found in?
Amino acid T is found in nature in L-threonine form. A well-balanced diet that includes high-quality protein foods will provide the body with enough to maintain normal levels.
The top threonine foods include:
- Organic meat (including chicken, lamb, beef and turkey)
- Wild-caught fish (including wild salmon)
- Dairy products
- Cottage cheese
- Eggs
- Carrots
- Bananas
- Sesame seeds
- Pumpkin seeds
- Kidney beans
- Edamame
- Spirulina
- Lentils
Thr deficiency is rare for people who eat a well-balanced, high-protein diet. For vegans and vegetarians, eating beans, seeds and peas will help maintain normal levels.
L-threonine powder and capsules are available online or in most health food stores. You may also find that elastin supplements contain L-threonine.
How to Take and Dosage
You’ll likely find threonine supplements as 500-milligram capsules that can be taken up to three times daily, depending on your health needs and level of T amino acid deficiency.
The most common L-threonine dose is 500–1,000 milligrams daily. Research suggests that doses up to four grams per day for 12 months are likely safe.
If you use L-threonine to reverse a deficiency or improve symptoms of any health condition, do it under the care of a doctor or health care professional.
Recipes
There are so many ways to incorporate Thr into your diet. Focus on getting enough protein in your meals.
You can do this with organic meats, wild-caught fish, eggs, beans, nuts and seeds. Here are some healthy and delicious recipes to get you started:
- Pecorino Mushroom Chicken Recipe: This is a low-carb, gluten-free and keto-friendly chicken recipe that also includes mushrooms, ghee, cloves and pecorino cheese.
- Heart-Healthy Eggs Benedict Recipe: This healthy version of eggs Benedict is made with anti-inflammatory foods like avocado, asparagus and tomato.
- Turkey Chili with Adzuki Beans Recipe: This combination of turkey and beans is high in this amino acid. In addition to protein, this recipe is also high in healthy fats and iron.
Risks and Side Effects
Although supplementing with threonine in appropriate amounts is generally considered safe, some people may experience minor side effects, such as headache, nausea, upset stomach and skin rash.
There is not enough evidence to recommend that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should take threonine supplements. Instead, it’s best to get enough of the amino acid from a well-balanced diet.
People taking NMDA antagonists called memantine (Namenda), which are a type of medication for Alzheimer’s disease, should avoid using this supplement. The amino acid may reduce how well these medications work.
Final Thoughts
- What is the function of threonine? The threonine definition is an essential amino acid that plays an important role in regulating protein balance in the body.
- Benefits of this amino acid include its ability to support digestive health, boost the immune system, improve muscle strength, reduce muscle spasms, relieve anxiety and mild depression, and speed wound healing.
- What foods are high in threonine? High-quality protein foods, including organic meats, wild-caught fish, eggs, organic dairy products, seeds and beans are high in the Thr amino acid.
- For those who aren’t getting enough Thr in their diets, supplementing with it may help to maintain normal levels. Capsules and powders are available online and in health food stores.
L-Threonine – GymBeam | GymBeam.ua
L-Threonine is an essential amino acid that our body cannot produce on its own. It plays an important role in the body. For example, it is one of the 90,003 basic building blocks of protein. That is why it is mainly used by active people. It also plays a significant role in the metabolism of the acetyl-CoA molecule.
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L-Threonine – An essential amino acid that our body cannot produce on its own. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of its regular addition. In addition to concentrated supplements, it can also be found in meat, cheese, certain legumes, and sesame. In the body, threonine is involved in many processes. For example, he participates in metabolism molecules acetyl- CoA , which plays a role in fatty acid oxidation and lipid biosynthesis in the body. In addition, it is one of the basic building blocks of proteins which are important for growth and maintenance of muscle mass, as well as maintaining bone health.
L-threonine most often breaks down into acetaldehyde and glycine. This, in turn, is important for the synthesis of collagen, which is a key component of connective tissues. Different types of collagen can be found in, for example, skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage. Therefore, the consumption of L-threonine is important for active athletes and other people who want to maintain the health of their musculoskeletal system and make their fat metabolism more efficient.
L-threonine and its benefits
- essential amino acid
- participates in the synthesis of lipids in the body
- one of the basic building blocks of proteins
- suitable for athletes and people with limited mobility
Composition
L-threonine, bulking agent (microcrystalline cellulose), anti-caking agent (magnesium stearate), hypromellose capsule.
Recommended dosage
Take 1 capsule 1-3 times daily.
Nutrition table
Nutritional value | 3 capsules | *RDI |
---|---|---|
L-threonine | 1500 mg | ** |
**Recommended average adult dosage (8400 kJ/2000 kcal).
Warning
Do not exceed recommended daily dosage. The product is not a substitute for a varied and balanced diet. The product is not intended for children, pregnant and lactating women. Keep out of the reach of small children. Store in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight, at room temperature.
Production | EU |
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Product Labels (MKT) | Vegan |
Height | 11. 50 cm |
Width | 6.50 cm |
Length | 6.50 cm |
Gross weight | 0.09 kg |
Net weight | 0.06 kg |
Capsules | 90 caps |
HS code | 21069098: — Ostatné |
EAN | 8586024620896 |
Without plastic packaging | No |
No artificial sweeteners | Yes |
Non-GMO | Yes |
Bio | No |
Gluten Free | Yes |
Lactose free | Yes |
Vegetarian | Yes |
Vegan | Yes |
Blend | Pure |
Form | Capsules |
Legal product category | Food supplement |
Distributor | GymBeam, s. r.o. Rastislavova 93, Košice 04001, Slovakia |
Main category | Other amino acids |
Other categories | Amino acids Sports supplements |
Warning:
Store in a dry place and protect from heat.
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premiUM+ – ZAO Premix Plant No.
1
Highly concentrated L-premiUM+ (with a content of free lysine in terms of DS of at least 60% (total – 62.9%))
L-lysine sulfate L-premiUM + – feed additive designed to balance the amino acid composition and enrich feed rations with vitamins and microelements farm animals, including birds and fish.
L-premiUM+ is obtained by microbiological synthesis using cultures of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Producer Corynebacterium glutamicum is a highly productive, non-pathogenic strain. The drug does not contain GMOs, has 100% bioavailability and isomeric purity
The commercial product contains L-lysine in the form of L-lysine sulfate with an active ingredient content of at least 60%, as well as other amino acids, vitamins and microelements, which increases the biological value of this commercial form.
Content of additional amino acids, not less than:
Methionine + cystine — 0. 33%; | Leucine – 0.36%; |
Certificate of conformity No. ROSS RU D-RU.RA01.V.73457/21
Complies with the requirements of STO 71461874-003-2021.
Guaranteed shelf life: at least two years from the date of manufacture.
Packing: branded multilayer paper bags with a polyethylene liner, 25 kg, on a pallet, 1 ton; soft specialized containers like “Big bag”.
Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in pig feed and the second limiting amino acid in bird feed. In vegetable feeds, it is contained in small quantities, so it is often not enough in the diets of animals and birds. Lysine deficiency occurs when mainly grain cereals, sunflower meal are used in feeding with a small amount in the diet (1-2%) of animal feed.
Animals and birds need lysine for the regulation of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as for the synthesis of nucleotides and chromoproteins. Lysine contributes to the intensive growth of young animals, the intensive use of feed, the formation of melanin pigment in the plumage of birds; affects the formation of red blood cells and the deposition of calcium in the bones, participates in redox reactions, activates the transamination and deamination of amino acids, promotes the absorption of phosphorus and calcium. In wheat-barley and corn-sunflower diets, a lack of lysine is found.
The input rate of L-premiUM+ depends on the composition of the feed, the type and age of the animals and is determined in accordance with the standards and amino acid input technology existing in the Russian Federation.
L-premiUM+ is compatible with all drugs, feed ingredients and other feed additives.
Animal products after application of L-premiUM+ can be used for food purposes without restriction.
Appearance | granules from 0.3 to 2.0 mm |
Odor | weak specific |
Color | light beige and brown granules |
Mass fraction of moisture, % , not more than | 5.0 |
Lysine content, in terms of dry matter, not less than,% | 60.0 |
0 mm, not less | 90.0 |
Metal-magnetic impurity, no more than, mg/kg | 30.0 |
L – lysine sulfate
Proven in practice that the use of lysine sulfate in compound feed for animals (laying hens, broilers, pigs) is more effective in comparison with the use of lysine monohydrochloride.
a) essential advantage L -lysine sulfate is the absence of chlorine in the composition. In contrast to the sulfate form, the use of lysine monohydrochloride for balancing feed on lysine contributes to an increase in the level of chlorine in the feed. Excess chlorine leads to such undesirable consequences as reduced immunity, metabolic disorders. The use of L-lysine sulfate in compound feeds allows avoiding undesirable consequences, obtaining good preservation and high live weight.
b) Electrolyte balance must be taken into account when formulating compound feed for pigs and poultry. Maintaining electrolyte balance is always very important to achieve maximum performance. When replacing lysine monohydrochloride with the sulfate form, the balance of electrolytes in the recipe is easier to gain. The recipe is cheaper. And most importantly, the loss of meat during storage is reduced.
c) in addition to the active ingredient L-lysine sulfate (at least 65%), , the product contains accompanying substances – additional amino acids from 7 to 10%, vegetable proteins, organic acids, mineral salts, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus, which adds nutritional value to the feed additive.
2. Use of a highly productive and non-pathogenic producer strain
When deciding on the choice of technology and strain for the production of lysine, the enterprise was primarily guided by the requirements of product safety for animal and human health. That is why the strain-producer of lysine Corynebacterium glutamicum was taken as a basis. The strain is not zoopathogenic, phytopathogenic and does not pose a danger for any other reason. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum – assigned to the GRAS group – are generally recognized as safe.
3. Biomass producer microorganisms
Currently, feed amino acids are produced in two main forms – containing inactivated cells of producer microorganisms and purified from the biomass of producer microorganisms. When used in the production technology of safe strains-producers, purification from cell biomass is not necessary (only inactivation is necessary), but when using conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the technology obligatory stage of purification from biomass of producer cells. Unscrupulous manufacturers who use opportunistic strains in the technology, for example, Escherichia coli, and do not purify the final product from E. coli cells endanger the appearance on the market of dangerous feed additives in the form of lysine sulfate 50-70% concentration. Such feed additives contain 30-50% of microorganism-producers – Escherichia coli, the biomass of which is not allowed for use in feed purposes, because. their cell wall contains endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) – toxic substances dangerous for animals.
On the contrary, according to the Hygienic Standards (MPC) developed in the Russian Federation, the maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms-producers and their components in the air of the working area and populated areas, microorganisms-producers of lysine Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium are allowed for use, which is the fact of their safe use in the production of lysine sulfate.
4. Reduced cycle of lysine biosynthesis
The technology used implies the use of a highly productive strain that produces lysine in the process of life and releases it into the nutrient medium.