What are the different types of vulvovaginal cysts. How are vulvovaginal cysts diagnosed. What treatment options are available for vulvovaginal cysts. What are the clinical features of vulvovaginal cysts. How common are different types of vulvovaginal cysts.

Understanding Vulvovaginal Cysts: An Overview

Vulvovaginal cysts are benign growths located within the vulva or vagina. These cysts can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. Congenital cysts may arise from embryological derivatives, urological abnormalities, or ectopic tissue. While vaginal cysts are relatively common, they generally represent benign conditions.

There are several types of vulvovaginal cysts, each with distinct characteristics and origins:

• Bartholin gland cysts
• Epidermal/epithelial inclusion cysts
• Gartner duct cysts
• Müllerian cysts
• Urothelial cysts
• Mammary-like gland cysts
• Cysts of the canal of Nuck
• Endometriotic cysts
• Vaginitis emphysematosa

Epidemiology and Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Cysts

The prevalence of different types of vulvovaginal cysts varies. Here’s a breakdown of the epidemiology:

Müllerian Cysts

Müllerian cysts are the most common type of vaginal cysts, comprising 30-44% of all cases. These cysts can occur anywhere in the vagina but are most frequently found in the vulvar vestibule.

Gartner Duct Cysts

In children, Gartner duct cysts are the most commonly identified vaginal cysts. Among adult females, they account for 4-21% of all vaginal cysts. These cysts are typically located along the anterolateral vaginal wall at the 11 o’clock and 1 o’clock positions.

Bartholin Gland Cysts

Bartholin gland cysts are prevalent in females of reproductive age, accounting for 7-21% of all vaginal cysts in this demographic. They are found in the posterolateral inferior third of the vagina.

Vaginitis Emphysematosa

This rare condition is characterized by variably sized vaginal nodules that produce a distinctive popping sound. It is most commonly reported in women between the ages of 42 and 65 years.

Pathophysiology of Vulvovaginal Cysts

Understanding the pathophysiology of vulvovaginal cysts is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Let’s explore the mechanisms behind the formation of different types of cysts:

Gartner Duct Cysts

Gartner duct cysts originate from remnants of the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct). In females, this duct typically regresses during development. However, when a portion fails to regress completely, it can result in the formation of a Gartner duct cyst.

Bartholin Gland Cysts

Bartholin gland cysts often develop due to a blockage of the Bartholin gland. This obstruction can be caused by various factors, including inflammation, trauma, childbirth, or infection. The blockage leads to the accumulation of secretions, resulting in cyst formation.

Müllerian Cysts

Müllerian cysts form when a portion of Müllerian epithelium fails to involute during the normal developmental process. Typically, the Müllerian epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium of the urogenital sinus. When this replacement is incomplete, it can lead to cyst formation. In some cases, Müllerian cysts may exhibit focal squamous metaplasia.

Epidermal/Epithelial Inclusion Cysts

These cysts often occur as a result of surgical procedures or trauma to the vulvovaginal area. They are characterized by a lining of squamous epithelium.

Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Cysts

The clinical presentation of vulvovaginal cysts can vary. Some key features include:

• Asymptomatic in many cases
• Presentation as a painful, swollen cystic lesion
• Varied size and location depending on the type of cyst

How are vulvovaginal cysts diagnosed? The diagnosis of vulvovaginal cysts typically involves the following steps:

1. Clinical examination: Most vulvovaginal cysts are diagnosed based on their position and appearance during a physical examination.
2. Imaging studies: If the clinical diagnosis remains unclear, further evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) may be employed. Ultrasound findings usually reveal a well-defined, unilocular cyst.
3. Histopathological confirmation: In cases where surgical excision is performed, the diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination of the removed tissue.

Treatment Options for Vulvovaginal Cysts

The treatment approach for vulvovaginal cysts depends on the type of cyst, its size, and associated symptoms. Here are some common treatment options:

Bartholin Gland Cysts

Treatment for Bartholin gland cysts may include:

• Complete excision of the cyst
• Marsupialization (creating a permanent opening in the cyst wall)
• Antibiotic administration if infection is present

Asymptomatic Cysts

For cysts that do not cause symptoms or discomfort, a conservative approach may be taken. Regular monitoring may be recommended to ensure the cyst does not grow or cause complications.

Surgical Excision

In cases where cysts are large, symptomatic, or interfere with daily activities, surgical excision may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the entire cyst and its lining to prevent recurrence.

Drainage

Some cysts may be treated by simple drainage, especially if they are causing acute discomfort. However, this method may carry a risk of recurrence.

Microscopic Features of Vulvovaginal Cysts

The microscopic appearance of vulvovaginal cysts varies depending on their type. Here are some key histological features:

Bartholin Duct Cysts

Bartholin duct cysts are characterized by:

• Lining of residual mucinous epithelium, low cuboidal, or transitional epithelium
• Possible focal squamous metaplasia or denudation

Müllerian Cysts

Müllerian cysts typically show:

• Lining of mucin-secreting or ciliated columnar epithelium
• Possible areas of squamous metaplasia

Gartner Duct Cysts

Gartner duct cysts are characterized by:

• Lining of cuboidal or low columnar epithelium
• Absence of mucin secretion

Potential Complications and Recurrence of Vulvovaginal Cysts

While vulvovaginal cysts are generally benign, they can lead to certain complications if left untreated or improperly managed. Some potential issues include:

• Infection: Cysts, particularly Bartholin gland cysts, can become infected, leading to abscess formation.
• Discomfort: Large cysts may cause discomfort during daily activities or sexual intercourse.
• Cosmetic concerns: Visible cysts may cause emotional distress for some individuals.
• Recurrence: Some types of cysts, especially if not completely excised, may recur after treatment.

To minimize the risk of recurrence, it’s important to:

1. Ensure complete removal of the cyst and its lining during surgical excision
2. Follow post-treatment care instructions carefully
3. Attend follow-up appointments as recommended by healthcare providers
4. Report any new symptoms or changes promptly

Differential Diagnosis and Related Conditions

When evaluating vulvovaginal cysts, healthcare providers must consider various conditions that may present similarly. The differential diagnosis may include:

• Bartholin gland abscess
• Vaginal leiomyoma
• Vaginal prolapse
• Urethral diverticulum
• Endometriosis
• Vaginal cancer (rare)

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management. In some cases, additional diagnostic tests such as MRI or biopsy may be necessary to rule out more serious conditions.

Patient Education and Self-Care for Vulvovaginal Cysts

Educating patients about vulvovaginal cysts is an important aspect of care. Here are some key points for patient education:

• Understanding the benign nature of most vulvovaginal cysts
• Recognizing signs of infection or complications
• Proper hygiene practices to prevent infection
• When to seek medical attention
• The importance of follow-up care

Self-care measures that may be recommended include:

1. Warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort
2. Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing
3. Avoiding irritants such as harsh soaps or douches
4. Using over-the-counter pain relievers as directed for mild discomfort

Recent Advances in Vulvovaginal Cyst Management

Research in the field of vulvovaginal health continues to advance, leading to new insights and treatment approaches for vulvovaginal cysts. Some recent developments include:

• Improved imaging techniques for more accurate diagnosis
• Minimally invasive treatment options for certain types of cysts
• Better understanding of the genetic factors influencing cyst formation
• Enhanced patient education and support resources

As research progresses, it’s likely that new treatment modalities and preventive strategies will emerge, further improving outcomes for individuals affected by vulvovaginal cysts.

The Role of Multidisciplinary Care in Managing Vulvovaginal Cysts

Effective management of vulvovaginal cysts often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Various healthcare professionals may be involved in the care of patients with these conditions, including:

• Gynecologists
• Urologists
• Pathologists
• Radiologists
• Primary care physicians
• Nurse practitioners and physician assistants

This collaborative approach ensures comprehensive care, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning. It also allows for better management of any associated conditions or complications that may arise.

Future Directions in Vulvovaginal Cyst Research and Treatment

As our understanding of vulvovaginal cysts continues to evolve, several areas of research show promise for future advancements:

• Genetic studies to identify risk factors for cyst development
• Development of targeted therapies to prevent cyst formation or recurrence
• Improved diagnostic tools for early detection and accurate classification of cysts
• Investigation of potential links between certain types of cysts and other health conditions
• Exploration of novel minimally invasive treatment techniques

These areas of research hold the potential to significantly improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvovaginal cysts in the coming years.

Pathology Outlines – Vulvovaginal cysts

Vulvovaginal cysts

Authors: Morgan Hrones, M.D., Natalia Buza, M.D.

Editorial Board Member: C. Blake Gilks, M.D.

Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Jennifer A. Bennett, M.D.

Last author update: 3 January 2022

Last staff update: 3 January 2022

Copyright: 2002-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

PubMed Search: Vulvovaginal cysts

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Cite this page: Hrones M, Buza N. Vulvovaginal cysts. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/vaginacysts.html. Accessed June 24th, 2023.

Definition / general

• Benign cysts located within the vulva or vagina
  

Essential features

• Vulvovaginal cysts may be congenital or acquired
• Congenitally derived vulvovaginal cysts may represent an embryological derivative, a result of an urological abnormality or ectopic tissue
• Cysts of the vagina are relatively common and represent generally benign conditions
  • Bartholin gland cyst: often a product of chronic bacterial inflammation; nonsulfated sialomucin secretion product
  • Epidermal / epithelial inclusion cyst: lined by squamous epithelium; may occur post surgery or trauma
  • Gartner duct cyst: mesonephric origin (rare), non mucin secreting
  • Müllerian cyst: lined by mucin secreting columnar cell
  • Urothelial cyst: derived from periurethral and Skene glands
  • Mammary-like gland cyst
  • Cyst of canal of Nuck: mesothelial cyst
  • Endometriotic cyst / cystic endometriosis
  • Vaginitis emphysematosa: variably sized vaginal nodules that produce a characteristic popping sound
    

ICD coding

• ICD-10: N90. 7 – vulvar cyst
• ICD-10: N75.0 – cyst of Bartholin gland
• ICD-10: Q52.4 – other congenital malformations of vagina

Epidemiology

• Müllerian cyst
  • Comprises 30 – 44% of all vaginal cysts (Obstet Gynecol Surv 2021;76:101)
• Gartner duct cyst
  • Most commonly identified vaginal cyst in children (Obstet Gynecol Surv 2021;76:101)
  • Accounts for 4 – 21% of all vaginal cysts in adult females (Obstet Gynecol Surv 2021;76:101)
• Bartholin gland cyst
  • Accounts for 7 – 21% of all vaginal cysts in reproductive age females (Obstet Gynecol Surv 2021;76:101)
• Vaginitis emphysematosa
  • Rarely reported (Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987;111:746)
  • Average age ranges from 42 to 65 years

Sites

• Gartner duct cyst
  • Most commonly located along the anterolateral vaginal wall at 11 o’clock and 1 o’clock regions
  • May extend deep into the vaginal wall
• Bartholin gland cyst
  • Found in the posterolateral inferior third of the vagina
• Urothelial cyst
  • Usually situated low in the vagina, close to the urethra due to its urogenital sinus derivation
• Müllerian cyst
  • May be found anywhere in the vagina but most commonly found in the vulvar vestibule

Pathophysiology

• Gartner duct cyst
  • Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) normally forms genital organs in males and regresses in females; a remnant of mesonephric duct sometimes fails to regress and results in the formation of a Gartner duct cyst (JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58:505)
• Bartholin gland cyst
  • Often results from a blockage of the Bartholin gland due to inflammation, trauma, childbirth or infection (StatPearls: Bartholin Gland Cyst [Accessed 8 December 2021])
• Müllerian cyst
  • Formation occurs when a portion of Müllerian epithelium fails to involute during the normal replacement of Müllerian epithelium with squamous epithelium of the urogenital sinus (Differentiation 2018;103:46)
  • May show focal squamous metaplasia (Differentiation 2018;103:46)
• Epidermal / epithelial inclusion cyst
  • May occur post surgery or trauma

Clinical features

• May present as a painful swollen cystic lesion
• Often asymptomatic

Diagnosis

• Most diagnosed clinically by position and appearance
  • If clinical diagnosis remains unclear, further evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) may be employed (Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;58:388)
• Histopathological confirmation in surgically excised specimens

Radiology description

• Ultrasound findings: well defined, unilocular cyst

Case reports

• 29 year old woman with a recurrent cystic mass and an enlarged left labia majora (Case Rep Womens Health 2019;24:e00141)
• 32 year old woman with a chief complaint of pelvic organ prolapse (JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58:505)
• 57 year old woman with a bulky appearing left labial mass (Case Rep Womens Health 2019;22:e00115)

Treatment

• Bartholin duct cyst: complete excision or marsupialization with antibiotic administration if necessary

Microscopic (histologic) description

• Bartholin duct cyst
  • Lined by residual mucinous epithelium, low cuboidal or transitional epithelium
  • May exhibit focal squamous metaplasia or denudation
• Müllerian cyst
  • Lined by mucin secreting or ciliated (tubal type) columnar cells
  • May show focal squamous metaplasia
• Gartner duct cyst
  • Lined by a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar nonmucinous epithelium
• Urothelial cyst
  • Lined by transitional or squamous epithelium
• Epidermal / epithelial inclusion cyst
  • Lined by squamous epithelium (keratinizing or nonkeratinizing)
• Mammary-like gland cyst
  • Ectopic mammary tissue may present as a persistent vulvar cyst (World J Surg Oncol 2009;7:70)
• Cyst of canal of Nuck
  • Lined by mesothelial cells
• Endometriotic cyst / cystic endometriosis
  • Cystic endometrial type glands surrounded by variable amount of endometrial stroma and hemosiderin laden macrophages
• Vaginitis emphysematosa
  • Variably sized cysts with pink, hyaline-like material, foreign body giant cells and chronic inflammatory infiltrate (Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987;111:746)

Microscopic (histologic) images

Contributed by Morgan Hrones, M. D. and Natalia Buza, M.D.

Mucinous cystic lining

Bland appearing cyst lining

Benign urothelial cyst

Benign urothelial lined cyst

Benign epidermal inclusion cyst

Bartholin cyst with adjacent Bartholin glands

Bartholin cyst

Videos

Bartholin gland cyst of the vulva – histopathology

Sample pathology report

• Vulva, right posterior, cystectomy:
  • Bartholin gland cyst (2 cm)

Differential diagnosis

• Urethral diverticulum:
  • Communication with urethra detected by MRI (AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:809)
  • Diagnostic confirmation at the time of surgery

Board review style question #1

A 42 year old woman presents with a painful cystic swelling along the right posterolateral vulva, near the vaginal introitus. The cyst is excised and sent to pathology, where a benign appearing cystic lesion lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with areas of denudation and surrounding inflammation are seen. These findings, along with the image shown above, best describe which of the following vulvovaginal cysts?

1. Bartholin cyst
2. Epidermal inclusion cyst
3. Gartner duct cyst
4. Urothelial cyst

Board review style answer #1

A. Bartholin cyst

Comment Here

Reference: Vulvovaginal cysts

Board review style question #2

Which of the following represents a physiological remnant of the mesonephric duct in adult females?

1. Bartholin cyst
2. Epidermal inclusion cyst
3. Gartner duct cyst
4. Urothelial cyst

Board review style answer #2

C. Gartner duct cyst

Comment Here

Reference: Vulvovaginal cysts

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Bartholin cyst – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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Last reviewed: 24 May 2023

Last updated: 28 Jun 2022

A Bartholin duct cyst is a noninfectious occlusion of the distal Bartholin duct with resultant retention of secretions.  They are thought to be relatively common, although the exact incidence and prevalence remains unknown.

Diagnosis is made on clinical exam. The classic appearance is a medially protruding cystic structure at the inferior aspect of the labia majora, in the 5 or 7 o’clock position, crossed by the labium minus.

Bartholin cysts are most commonly seen in women of reproductive age. In postmenopausal women with a vulval mass, malignancy should be considered.

A Bartholin gland abscess may result from polymicrobial infection of the cyst fluid or, less commonly, from primary infection of the gland or duct.

Treatment of a cyst can be conservative or surgical and depends on size, symptoms, presence of infection, and whether the cyst is recurrent.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of Bartholin gland abscesses. Incision and drainage may be required.

Definition

A Bartholin duct cyst is a noninfectious occlusion of the distal Bartholin duct with resultant retention of secretions. The paired Bartholin ducts are located at the posterior vestibule and provide a conduit for secretions from the Bartholin glands. A Bartholin duct cyst may be asymptomatic if the cyst is small. It typically presents as a medially protruding mass at the inferior aspect of the labia majora, in the posterior introitus, and is crossed by the labium minus. Duct cysts and gland cysts are indistinguishable, and the terms are used interchangeably. A Bartholin duct abscess may be primary (from bartholinitis) or secondary (from infection of Bartholin cyst).[1]Pundir J, Auld BJ. A review of the management of diseases of the Bartholin’s gland. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008 Feb;28(2):161-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18393010?tool=bestpractice.com

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

• vulval/perineal mass
• vulval pressure or fullness
• pain during sitting or walking

More key diagnostic factors

Other diagnostic factors

• fever
• dyspareunia
• vulval erythema and induration
• spontaneous rupture

Other diagnostic factors

Risk factors

• woman of reproductive age
• previous Bartholin cyst/abscess
• sexual activity
• direct trauma or surgery

More risk factors

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Diagnostic investigations

Investigations to consider

• microscopy and culture of abscess material
• biopsy of vulval lesion

More investigations to consider

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Treatment algorithm

asymptomatic Bartholin cyst

symptomatic Bartholin cyst

Bartholin abscess

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Contributors

Authors

Peer reviewers

• Differentials

  • Mucous cyst of the vestibule
  • Vulval hematoma
  • Vulval fibroma

  More Differentials

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Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer

Symptoms and Diagnosis of a Bartholin’s Cyst

Bartholin’s cysts can be the size of a pea, and in some cases the size of a hen’s egg.

Symptoms indicating a Bartholin’s cyst usually appear when it reaches a significant size or inflammatory process in it. Small cysts without signs of inflammation do not bother a woman and are discovered by chance.

– A large cyst is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort during movement and may interfere with normal intimacy.

– External signs of a cyst depend on its size. A woman may notice an asymmetry of the genital fissure, a one-sided increase in the labia majora due to inflammatory edema and a rounded formation that rises above the skin of the labia majora. In the absence of inflammation, the skin over and around the cyst appears intact.

– On palpation inside the labia majora, a rounded, elastic, mobile and painless formation is noted.

– If an inflammatory process develops in the cyst, the skin over it may turn red and become more sensitive on palpation.

A bright clinic develops with a purulent-inflammatory process in the cyst of the Bartholin gland with the development of acute bartholinitis or abscess of the Bartholin gland. With bartholinitis, local inflammatory changes appear: there is a feeling of discomfort or soreness in the labia on the side of inflammation; in the projection of the gland, a small “inflammatory roller” and slight hyperemia are determined. On palpation of the roller, pus appears on its surface. An extremely undesirable situation at this stage of the development of the disease is an attempt to self-medicate with the help of thermal procedures or attempts to squeeze out pus. The vulva area is loose, it also contains many lymphatic vessels, all this contributes to the rapid spread of infection throughout the body up to generalization (sepsis).

In the absence of the necessary treatment, the accumulated pus cannot come out, so it expands the walls of the duct and forms a false abscess – a cavity with pus, bordered by the walls of the excretory duct of the Bartholin gland. An abscess is called false because the tissues of the gland are not damaged, but pushed aside and deformed. A true abscess is characterized by suppuration of the gland itself.

With an abscess, symptoms of intoxication appear, the pain becomes severe. On examination, the labia on the side of the abscess are edematous, hyperemic, palpation of the area is accompanied by sharp pain.

False abscesses of the Bartholin’s gland may open spontaneously, with subsequent release of purulent contents. In such a situation, the patient feels relief, thinks about recovery and does not seek help, however, the pus remaining in the cavity of the opened abscess can provoke a relapse of purulent inflammation or become a source of a chronic, sluggish, inflammatory process. Against the background of narrowing of the excretory ducts, the fluid content in the cavity of the gland increases and a cyst of the Bartholin gland is formed.

If the infection gets directly into the tissues of the Bartholin’s gland, then the tissues involved in the purulent process melt, forming a cavity filled with pus (true abscess). With a true abscess, symptoms of an acute purulent process are expressed: fever, intoxication, sharp throbbing pain in the area of ​​the cyst. The skin in the projection of the abscess becomes purple and hot to the touch, the labia majora swell strongly and can block the entrance to the vagina. Palpation in the affected area is very painful.

Diagnosis of a Bartholin’s cyst begins with an examination of the vulva and a vaginal examination.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with such diseases as:

– cystic and hard lesions of the vulva

– neoplasms of the vulva

– lipoma

– Vulvar abscess

– Hematoma in the genital area

– Paraurethral cysts

– Furunculosis of the labia majora

The tasks of laboratory diagnostics in inflammation are to determine the causative agent of the infection and select an antibiotic. A smear and bacteriological culture of the discharge of the vulva and vagina are examined. With specific inflammation, an additional study is carried out for the presence of genital infections.

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Treatment of cysts and neoplasms of the external genitalia

Cysts of the external genital organs occur when the sebaceous and sweat glands are blocked, which are rich in the skin of the labia majora.

When the excretory ducts of the paraurethral glands are blocked, cysts develop, located near the external opening of the urethra. The most common cysts of the large glands of the vestibule of the vagina – the Bartholin glands.

Bartholin gland cyst occurs when the excretory duct of the gland is blocked or narrowed, which is most often caused by inflammatory processes of various origins. The cyst is located on the border of the middle and lower thirds of the labia majora. It is a tugoelastic painless formation of a round or oval shape, reaching a size of 6-7 cm.

Bartholin gland cysts are small in size and do not cause trouble to a woman. Large formations are manifested by a feeling of heaviness, tension and soreness in the vulva. With the penetration of infection into the tissues surrounding the cyst, suppuration and the development of an abscess of the large gland of the vestibule of the vagina are possible.

Most often, vaginal cysts develop from the embryonic remnants of the longitudinal ducts of the ovarian epididymis – Gartner’s passages. Gartner’s passage cyst is located in the upper third of the lateral sections of the vagina, has an elongated shape, sizes from 1 to 9-10cm and elastic consistency. Sometimes these cysts reach large sizes and go deep into the parauterine tissue. In these cases, there is difficulty and soreness of sexual intercourse, inconvenience during movement and physical activity.

Who is more likely to develop a Bartholin gland cyst?

Every woman has a Bartholin’s gland, however, only 10% of them become inflamed and only 5-7% develop a cyst. This is facilitated by the following factors:

• immunodeficiency states – acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, hypothermia;
• wearing synthetics – tight underwear and tight clothing;
• neglect of personal hygiene – washing should be once or twice a day, and more often during critical days;
• regular use of lubricants – they clog the ducts;
• sexual infections – promiscuity without the use of a condom, as well as infection from a permanent partner;
• endocrine pathology – diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction increase the likelihood of cyst formation and inflammation. Treatment and prevention

Prevention of the occurrence of cysts of the external genital organs includes:

Cysts are small, do not cause trouble to a woman, do not need treatment. Large cysts and cysts that are accompanied by symptoms should be removed promptly. Indications for surgical intervention are the following points:

• recurrent inflammation or abscess;
• cyst is large (more than 3 cm) and interferes,
• cyst aesthetically excites a woman,
• have concomitant oncological diseases of the labia and vulva.

Neoplasms in the female genital organs

Benign and malignant neoplasms develop on the external genitalia.

Cancer can develop from the epithelium of the labia. It is distinguished from benign tumors by the absence of clear boundaries. Outwardly, cancer resembles seaweed. Characterized by intensive growth and spread to surrounding tissues and organs: rectum, urethra, surrounding tissue. The area of ​​the pathological focus is ulcerated, purulent-bloody discharges are noted. The subjective sensations of the patient are pain and discomfort. If a woman finds pathologically altered areas, she should seek the advice of a gynecologist. Timely appeal is the key to health!

Benign formations

• Fibroma — formation of connective tissue, characterized by a smooth relief, hard or soft consistency. May have a thin or wide base.
• Fibroma is formed from the connective tissue of the labia. At the initial stage, fibromyoma looks like a small formation, painless. In the process of growth, the tumor can reach huge sizes – up to several kilograms. In advanced cases, due to insufficient blood supply, tissue necrosis may develop.
• Hemangioma occurs in congenital anomalies of the mucous membranes or blood vessels of the skin of the vulva and vagina. It is possible to spread hemangiomas to the body, cervix, ulceration and destruction of tissues.
• Lipoma develops from adipose tissue on the labia majora or in the pubic region. Education has a soft texture, not soldered to the skin, mobile.
• Hydradenoma develops from sweat gland elements. Localized on the labia majora or in the pubic area. It looks like a multiple nodular rash of a rounded, flat or oval shape. The color of hydroadenomas can vary from pink-yellow to brown.

Treatment of benign neoplasms

After an accurate diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment for the patient. One of the most important components of effective treatment is removal of neoplasm . The most common method of treatment is surgery. Tumors on the leg are excised at the base. Neoplasms that are located in the thickness of the tissues are subject to husking with suturing the bed.

The Olivia Medical Clinic presents several methods for removing neoplasms. In each case, the method is selected by the attending physician, based on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of the neoplasms.

Rehabilitation of after removal of neoplasms by each of the methods depends on the individual characteristics of the woman. On average, complete tissue healing occurs in a month. The first month after removal, it is necessary to observe sexual rest (refrain from having sex), limit physical activity, and exclude the use of tampons.

Removal of neoplasms guarantees a woman a return to a normal sexual life, as well as:

• relief from pain and discomfort
• preventing the risk of developing cancer
• elimination of possible causes of infertility, etc.