What are the labia and how do they function. What are common labia problems women experience. How can labia issues be diagnosed and treated. When should you see a doctor for labia concerns.

The Anatomy and Function of the Labia

The labia are an essential part of the female genital anatomy, serving both protective and sensory functions. But what exactly are the labia?

The labia, commonly referred to as the “lips” of the vulva, consist of two pairs:

• Labia majora: The outer, larger lips that surround the vulva
• Labia minora: The inner, smaller folds of skin leading to the vagina

These structures play a crucial role in protecting the clitoris, vagina, and urethra from external elements. Additionally, they become engorged during sexual arousal, enhancing sensitivity and pleasure.

It’s important to note that labia come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. This diversity is entirely normal and should not be a cause for concern. The Labia Library, an educational resource, showcases this natural variation to help women understand and appreciate their bodies.

Common Labia Problems: Symptoms and Causes

While the labia are generally resilient, they can be affected by various health conditions. What are some common issues women may experience with their labia?

Labial Hypertrophy

Labial hypertrophy refers to enlarged labia, which can occur on one or both sides. This condition is characterized by:

• One labia being noticeably larger than the other
• Labia minora extending past the labia majora
• Potential discomfort or difficulty maintaining hygiene

While labial hypertrophy is not a medical concern and doesn’t affect sexual function, it can cause physical discomfort or emotional distress for some women.

Fused Labia

Fused labia, a condition where the labia majora are joined together, is relatively common in young children. This condition typically resolves on its own by the end of puberty. In most cases, no intervention is necessary unless it causes issues with urination or hygiene.

Labia Swelling

Swollen labia can be caused by various factors, including:

• Yeast infections
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Allergic reactions
• Friction from sexual activity
• Infections

If swelling persists or is accompanied by pain, itching, unusual discharge, or a strong odor, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Bartholin’s Cysts and Abscesses: What You Need to Know

Bartholin’s glands, located on either side of the vaginal opening, can sometimes become blocked, leading to cyst formation. How do these cysts develop, and what are the potential complications?

Bartholin’s cysts occur when the glands’ ducts become obstructed, causing fluid to accumulate. While often asymptomatic, these cysts can become infected, resulting in pain, tenderness, and swelling. In some cases, they may progress to form abscesses.

Abscesses are pockets of pus that can develop from infected Bartholin’s cysts or other causes, such as:

• Ingrown hairs
• Skin irritation from waxing or shaving
• Piercings
• Infections in skin glands
• Sexually transmitted infections

Treatment for Bartholin’s cysts and abscesses may include antibiotics, drainage procedures, or in some cases, surgical intervention. Sitz baths can provide relief and promote healing.

Skin Conditions Affecting the Labia: Psoriasis and More

The sensitive skin of the labia is susceptible to various dermatological conditions. What are some common skin issues that can affect this area?

Psoriasis

Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune condition, can affect the labia in women who have the condition elsewhere on their body. Symptoms may include:

• Red, itchy patches of skin
• Scaling or flaking
• Discomfort or burning sensation

Treatment typically involves topical medications, such as corticosteroid creams or ointments. However, psoriasis often recurs and may require ongoing management.

Other Skin Conditions

Additional skin conditions that can affect the labia include:

• Dermatitis (eczema): Causing itchy, inflamed skin
• Contact dermatitis: Resulting from irritants or allergens
• Lichen sclerosus: A chronic condition causing thin, white patches of skin

Proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is crucial for determining the most effective treatment approach for these conditions.

Sexually Transmitted Infections and the Labia

Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can manifest symptoms on the labia. What are some common STIs that affect this area?

Genital Warts

Genital warts are caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They appear as small, flesh-colored bumps on the labia and surrounding areas. While often harmless, they can cause discomfort or embarrassment.

Treatment options for genital warts include:

• Topical medications
• Cryotherapy (freezing)
• Laser treatment

It’s important to note that while these treatments can remove visible warts, they do not eliminate the underlying HPV infection.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), can cause painful blisters or sores on the labia. This chronic condition is characterized by periodic outbreaks throughout a person’s life.

Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Using barrier methods like condoms and dental dams during sexual activity can help prevent transmission.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Labia Concerns

While many labia issues are benign, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. When should you consult a healthcare provider about labia problems?

It’s advisable to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent swelling or pain
• Unusual lumps or bumps
• Changes in skin color or texture
• Recurring infections or irritation
• Symptoms that interfere with daily activities or sexual function

A healthcare provider can perform a thorough examination, order necessary tests, and provide appropriate treatment or referrals if needed.

Labia Health: Prevention and Self-Care Tips

Maintaining good labia health is an important aspect of overall vaginal hygiene. What are some tips for preventing labia problems and promoting overall genital health?

1. Practice good hygiene: Gently wash the external genital area with warm water and mild, unscented soap. Avoid harsh cleansers or douching, which can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal bacteria.
2. Wear breathable underwear: Choose cotton or moisture-wicking fabrics to reduce moisture and prevent irritation.
3. Avoid irritants: Be cautious with scented products, harsh detergents, or tight-fitting clothing that may cause friction or allergic reactions.
4. Practice safe sex: Use barrier methods like condoms and dental dams to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
5. Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can support overall skin health, including the labia.
6. Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration helps maintain skin elasticity and overall genital health.
7. Perform regular self-examinations: Familiarize yourself with your body’s normal appearance to more easily detect any changes or abnormalities.

By incorporating these practices into your routine, you can help maintain the health and comfort of your labia and reduce the risk of developing various issues.

Understanding Labiaplasty: Risks and Considerations

Labiaplasty, a surgical procedure to reshape or reduce the labia, has gained attention in recent years. What are the potential benefits and risks of this procedure?

Labiaplasty may be considered for women experiencing physical discomfort or emotional distress due to labial hypertrophy. However, it’s important to understand that this is an elective procedure with potential risks, including:

• Infection
• Scarring
• Changes in sensation
• Asymmetry
• Dissatisfaction with results

It’s crucial to have a thorough consultation with a qualified healthcare provider to discuss the potential benefits, risks, and alternatives before deciding on labiaplasty. For young women, it’s generally recommended to wait until after puberty before considering this procedure.

Remember that the natural variation in labia size and shape is vast, and what’s considered “normal” encompasses a wide range of appearances. Often, education and reassurance about this diversity can alleviate concerns without the need for surgical intervention.

Labia problems | healthdirect

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If you have a problem with your labia, you may — like many women — feel too embarrassed to visit a doctor. Many women aren’t used to talking about their ‘private parts’ when something goes wrong, so here’s what to do if you think you have a labia problem.

What are the labia?

The labia are the ‘lips’ on the outside of the genitals (vulva). They protect the clitoris, vagina and urethra and become engorged during sexual activity.

There are 2 pairs of labia — the lips on the outside of the vagina, known as the labia majora, and the folds of skin on the inside that lead to the vagina, called the labia minora.

The size, shape and colour of the labia are different in every woman. One lip can be a different shape or size from the other. There’s no need to worry about the shape and size of your labia — you can see how much normal labia vary by visiting the Labia Library.

What health conditions affect the labia?

The labia are a very sensitive part of the body and can develop lumps, rashes, cysts and ingrown hairs.

The most common causes of problems with the labia are skin conditions such as dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis. Some other conditions are listed below.

Labial hypertrophy

Labial hypertrophy is when one or both of the labia are larger than usual. The labia might be enlarged, one lip might be larger than the other, or the labia minora might extend down past the labia majora.

Labial hypertrophy is harmless. It does not affect a woman’s sex life and it is not a medical condition. But it can be uncomfortable or embarrassing, and it might make it difficult to keep the labia clean. Your doctor can advise you about simple solutions like wearing loose-fitting underwear or using an ointment to reduce any irritation.

Labiaplasty is an option for women who are badly affected by labial hypertrophy. This type of surgery usually involves reducing and reshaping the labia, but it’s not recommended for young women until they finish going through puberty.

Fused labia

Fused labia is the term used when the labia majora are joined together. It is quite common in children and normally develops at around the age of 1 or 2. The labia almost always separate by the time the child finishes puberty.

The best thing to do is leave the labia alone. If the fusion is causing your child problems (for example, with going to the toilet) talk to your doctor about whether creams or massage can help. Surgery is a last resort because there’s a high risk that the labia will fuse again.

Swelling of the labia

If your labia are swollen, it could be the sign of a yeast infection, or an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina (called bacterial vaginosis), an allergy or an infection. It could also just be due to friction from having sex.

If it’s getting worse and you also have pain, itching, there is a strong smell, an unusual discharge from your vagina or a lump or bump on the labia, talk to your doctor. Any treatment will depend on what’s causing the swelling.

Bartholin’s cysts

The Bartholin’s glands are on each side of the vagina. If they get blocked, a cyst (a tender or painful lump) can form. The cyst can become infected, with a build-up of pus that will need to be treated with antibiotics. Sometimes Bartholin’s cysts can develop into an abscess.

Abscesses

An abscess is an infection caused by bacteria underneath the skin. They can develop on your labia just outside the vagina in the Bartholin’s glands. They can also be caused by an ingrown hair, waxing or shaving, a piercing, or by an infection in the skin’s glands or a sexually transmitted infection.

Abscesses cause soreness, redness and swelling. Your doctor may recommend antibiotics, a procedure to remove the pus, and sitting in a sitz bath (shallow bath), using a teaspoon of salt per litre of warm water, to ease the pain.

Psoriasis

Many women and girls who have psoriasis elsewhere on their body also develop it on the labia. Psoriasis is a red, itchy rash, usually found on the hairy skin, and it can extend to the anus. It can be treated with a cream or ointment, but it often comes back.

Genital warts and genital herpes

Genital warts are bumps that can appear on the labia and other parts of the genitals. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The warts often go away by themselves but if they are painful or itchy, talk to your doctor about treatments, including special wart paint, freezing or laser treatment. These treatments will only get rid of the warts, not the HPV virus.

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can cause blisters or sores on the labia that keep coming back throughout life. If you think you have genital herpes, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible so you can start treatment. Make sure you use condoms and dental dams during sex because you can pass the virus on to your partner.

Lichen sclerosus or planus

Skin conditions that can affect the labia include lichen sclerosus or lichen planus. These can lead to severe itching, burning or stinging, and painful sex. They are thought to be caused by autoimmune disorders and are most common in women after menopause.

If they’re not treated, these conditions can cause scarring. Your doctor can talk to you about treatments including steroids and pain relief medicines.

Looking after your labia

It’s a good idea to get to know your labia so you can see if there are any changes that might be signs of a problem.

Take showers rather than baths, use hypoallergenic toilet paper and laundry detergent, and avoid soap. Gently pat the area dry, without rubbing, and use lubrication during sex if necessary.

Wearing loose fitting clothes and cotton underwear can help, as can using tampons rather than sanitary pads.

If you have a labia condition, a cool gel pack can help with discomfort.

When should I see my doctor?

It’s a good idea to see your doctor if you have symptoms that won’t go away, such as burning and itching or pain. If you’re embarrassed, using healthdirect’s Question Builder can help you get ready for a conversation with your doctor. And remember: you can always ask to see a female doctor if you would prefer.

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the sexual health and lower body Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

Vulvitis | Johns Hopkins Medicine

Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva. This is the soft folds of skin outside the vagina. It’s a symptom that can result from an array of diseases. This can include infections, injuries, allergies, or irritants. Because it can be challenging to find the exact cause, diagnosing and treating this condition can be difficult.

What causes vulvitis?

Vulvitis may be caused by one or more of the following:

• Toilet paper with perfume or dye
• Soaps or bubble baths with perfume
• Shampoos and hair conditioners
• Laundry detergents
• Vaginal sprays, deodorants, and powders
• Spermicides
• Douching
• Hot tub and swimming pool water
• Underwear made of synthetic material without a cotton crotch
• Rubbing against a bike seat
• Wearing a wet bathing suit for a long period
• Riding a horse
• Infections such as pubic lice or mites (scabies)

Who is at risk for vulvitis?

Any woman with certain allergies, sensitivities, infections, or diseases can develop vulvitis. Women may develop it before puberty and after menopause. This may be due to a drop in estrogen.

What are the symptoms of vulvitis?

Each person may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• Redness and swelling on the labia and other parts of the vulva
• Intense itching
• Clear, fluid-filled blisters
• Sore, scaly, thick, or white patches on the vulva

The symptoms of vulvitis may look like other conditions or medical problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is vulvitis diagnosed?

Along with a complete medical history and physical and pelvic exam, other tests may include:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Tests for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Pap test. This test involves microscopic exam of cells collected from the cervix. It’s used to detect changes that may be cancer or may lead to cancer. It also shows other conditions, such as infection or inflammation.

How is vulvitis treated?

Specific treatment for vulvitis will be discussed with your healthcare provider based on:

• Your age, overall health, and medical history
• Cause of the disease
• Type and severity of the symptoms
• Your tolerance for specific medicines, procedures, or therapies
• Expectations for the course of the disease
• Your opinion or preference

Treatment may include:

• Self-help measures (for example, avoiding irritants)
• Sitz baths with soothing compounds (to help control the itching)
• Cortisone creams
• Estrogen cream

Key points

Vulvitis is inflammation of the vulva. It is not a condition, but a symptom with many possible causes. Any woman with certain allergies, sensitivities, infections, or diseases can develop it.

• Symptoms may include:
  • Redness and swelling on the labia and other parts of the vulva
  • Intense itching
  • Clear, fluid-filled blisters
  • Sore, scaly, thick, or white patches on the vulva
• Treatment may include:
  • Self-help measures
  • Sitz baths with soothing compounds
  • Cortisone creams
  • Estrogen cream

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Removing a Bartholin Gland Cyst

The Bartholin’s glands are on each side of your vaginal opening. They’re about the size of a pea. They make fluid that keeps your vagina moist.

The fluid travels to the vagina through ducts (tubes). If they get blocked, fluid can back up into them. This forms a swelling — a cyst. Doctors call these Bartholin’s gland cysts. Most of the time, they don’t hurt. They’re almost always benign, or noncancerous.

Bartholin’s Cyst Symptoms

You may not have any, unless the cyst is large or gets infected. If infection sets in (doctors call this an abscess), you’ll likely have extreme pain at the site of the cyst. Sex — and even walking — may hurt. If the cyst is large, it can make one side of your labia majora (the large folds of skin on the outside of your vagina) hang lower than the other.

Symptoms of an infected Bartholin’s cyst include:

• Fever and chills
• Pain that gets worse and makes it hard to walk, sit, or move around
• Swelling in the area
• Drainage from the cyst

Causes of Bartholin’s Cyst

Doctors aren’t sure why these glands sometimes get blocked. The infection that causes the cyst may result from bacteria such as E. coli. In rare cases, it may be due to bacteria that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhea or chlamydia.

About two out of 10 women can expect to get a Bartholin’s gland cyst at some point. It typically happens in your 20s. They’re less likely to develop as you age.

Bartholin’s Cyst Diagnosis

Only your doctor can tell you for sure if you have a Bartholin’s cyst. They’ll do a pelvic exam. If you have drainage, they’ll take a sample and look at it under a microscope to determine if you have an STI. If you have an abscess, they’ll take a sample from it and send that to a lab.

If you’re over 40, they may do a biopsy (take a sample of tissue from the cyst) to rule out vulvar cancer. That’s a disease that affects the lips that surround your vagina.

Bartholin’s Cyst Treatment

If your exam shows that you have an STI, or if your cyst is infected, your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic. They may also prescribe topical medications to put on your skin. If you’re under 40 and your cyst isn’t causing problems, you probably won’t need treatment.

A simple sitz bath may help the cyst go away on its own:

• Fill a tub with 3 to 4 inches of water (enough to cover your vulva), and gently sit.
• Do this several times a day for 3 or 4 days.
• The cyst may burst and drain on its own.

If the Bartholin’s cyst is causing problems — or if it’s turned into an abscess — you’ll need to see your doctor. They’ll treat it in one of three ways:

• Surgical drainage. The doctor will make a tiny cut in the cyst. They’ll place a small rubber tube (catheter) into the opening to allow it to drain. It can stay in place for up to 6 weeks. You’ll feel better right away after the fluid is gone. But you may need to take pain medication for several days afterward. Keep in mind that a Bartholin’s cyst or abscess may come back and need treatment again. Side effects include pain or discomfort — especially during sex. You might also have swelling of the labia (lips around the vagina), infection, bleeding, or scarring.
• Marsupialization. If cysts bother you or come back, this procedure may help. The doctor cuts the cyst open, then stitches the skin around it to form a small pouch. This lets the fluid drain out. The doctor will pack the area with special gauze to soak up the fluid and any blood. The process takes less than half an hour, and you can go home the same day. Your doctor may prescribe painkillers afterward. There’s also a risk of infection, bleeding, and the abscess coming back.
• Removing the gland. Your doctor might recommend this option if others haven’t worked or you keep getting Bartholin’s cysts and abscesses. This surgery takes about an hour. You’ll get anesthesia to put you to sleep during the procedure, and you may be able to go home afterward. Possible problems include bleeding, bruising, and infection.

Bartholin’s Cyst Prevention

You can’t prevent a Bartholin’s cyst. But safer sex measures like using condoms may help prevent an infection or cyst formation. Good hygiene can also help.

CALME (Childhood Asymmetry Labium Majus Enlargement)

CALME stands for childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement. It is a condition in which a girl’s outer vaginal lips (outer labia) become swollen or enlarged on one side by excess tissue growth. This mass of extra tissue causes one side of the labia to be larger than the other, leading to an asymmetrical appearance.

The outer labia are the two large folds of fatty tissue covering the vagina. They are also called the outer lips of the vulva.

Patients can be seen by Texas Children’s experts in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.

Causes & Risk Factors

The condition occurs when there is an excess growth of the normal tissue of the vulva, causing it to be enlarged or swollen-looking.

While the cause is not yet known, this tissue growth may be driven by hormones.

The benign (noncancerous) tissue mass develops quickly and then stops growing. It occurs in young girls just before puberty. 

Symptoms & Types

Symptoms may include:

• Soft tissue mass on one side of the outer lips of the vulva, causing an asymmetrical appearance
• Tan-colored growth, with orange-peel like surface
• A “bulge” in a girl’s underwear or swimsuit
• Irritation, discomfort or pain in the crotch when wearing tight clothing

Diagnosis & Tests

The condition may become obvious just before puberty. Diagnosis is confirmed through a physical exam.

Additional testing may include:

• Imaging such as an ultrasound or MRI (magnetic resonance image)
• Biopsy – a small sample of the tissue mass is removed and examined under a microscope
• Resection of abnormal tissue

Treatment & Care

Surgery is recommended to remove the mass of tissue, confirm the diagnosis, and relieve discomfort and embarrassment caused by the bulge of excess tissue.

Diagnosis and Treatment Available at Texas Children’s:

Reviewers/Authors

Other Contributors

Jennifer Kurkowski, WHNP

What’s that bump?!

Everyone gets lumps and bumps on their genitals from time to time. Bumps can appear on and around your penis, anus, vagina, and labia. Or you might feel a tender lump right underneath your skin, which you can’t see. 

First of all, don’t panic. Your skin is sensitive down there, and it’s common to have bumps and lumps on or around your genitals. And many bumps go away on their own. While we can’t diagnose you over the internet, a doctor or nurse can help you figure out what’s going on. 

Here are a few common reasons why bumps, rashes, and lumps show up on and around your genitals:

Skin Irritation

The skin around your genitals is just that — skin. So regular skin stuff can happen. If your skin condition doesn’t clear up or gets worse, see a doctor or nurse — like the staff at your nearest Planned Parenthood health center — to see what’s going on and how to treat it.  

Ingrown hairs: Ingrown hairs are really common for people who shave or wax their pubic hair. They may look like a pimple (a raised bump that may appear reddish in color). Sometimes you can see the hair trapped just underneath the bump. Usually ingrown hairs go away on their own, but if not you can see a doctor or nurse to get it treated. 

Rashes from allergies: Skin can sometimes react to perfumes or dyes in soap or laundry detergent. Allergic reactions can cause bumps or rashes and make your skin feel itchy and dry. Switching to milder products (free of dyes or perfumes) may help make your rash or bumps go away. 

Pimples: Pimples, like the ones you get on your face, can appear anywhere on your body, which means sometimes they pop-up on the skin of your genitals. If you start noticing that the pimple-like-bumps around your genitals start getting worse or have pus coming out of them, or if they become painful, see a doctor or nurse — this might be a sign of an infection.

Cysts: Cysts are soft, painless lumps that can show up around the opening of your vagina and on your labia. A common vaginal cyst that appears on each side of the opening to your vagina is called the Bartholin’s cyst. The Bartholin’s glands provide lubrication (wetness) to the vagina, like during sexual excitement (when you’re aroused or turned on). Cysts in the Bartholin’s glands can happen when the opening gets blocked and fluid builds up just under the skin. Generally, cysts are nothing to worry about, especially if they aren’t painful. You can try sitting in a warm, shallow bath or using a warm compress or water pack several times a day until your cyst goes away or drains on its own. But don’t try to burst a cyst on your own, because that can lead to an infection. See a nurse or doctor if the cyst becomes enlarged or too tender to walk or sit comfortably.   

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs)

STDs can cause serious health issues if they’re not treated. If you think the bump you have might mean that you have an STD, see your doctor or nurse  — like the staff at your nearest Planned Parenthood health center —as soon as possible. And use condoms and dental dams or avoid having sex until you figure out what’s going on with your bump.

Here are a few STDs that can cause lumps or bumps in your genital area:

Genital herpes: Herpes is a common STI, which can cause blistery, red sores on your vulva or penis that sometimes bleed or leak a white or clear liquid. Herpes sores can sometimes be painful, but other times you may not notice them. There is no known cure for herpes, but treatment can help you manage the symptoms.

Genital warts: Genital warts are caused by an STD called HPV. They’re flesh-colored, soft-to-the-touch bumps on the skin of your genitals that may remind you of cauliflower. Warts tend to cluster in one spot, and while they usually don’t hurt, sometimes they can be itchy. Warts can sometimes go away on their own, but can also be removed by a doctor or nurse. 

Scabies: Scabies are an STI that cause super-itchy pimple-like bumps, tiny blisters, or scales on your genitals and other places on your body. You may also see small, raised, crooked lines on your skin. These rashes tend to show up on the webbing between your fingers, where your wrist, elbow, or knee bends, pubic areas, breasts, belly button, penis, thighs and the lower part of your butt, shoulder blades, and/or around your waist. The only way to get rid of scabies is to get treated. You can get prescription creams from a doctor or nurse to clear up scabies.

Molluscum contagiosum: This STD can show up as small, firm bumps.You’ll usually have one or more hard, round growths near your genitals or on your thighs, arms, torso, neck, or face. They can be as small as the head of a pin or as large as a pencil eraser. They appear alone or in groups. The bumps are usually flesh-colored, pink, or white, and they often have a tiny dent or dimple in the middle. They usually don’t hurt, but they may be itchy, sore, swollen, or red. Molluscum contagiosum goes away on its own within six months to a year, but can last up to four years.

The most common symptom of an STD is no symptom at all, so the only way to know for sure if you have an STD is to get tested. So the best thing to do if you have a lump or bump that won’t go away is to make an appointment with a doctor or nurse. Your nearest Planned Parenthood health center can help diagnose and treat your genital skin issue, no matter what it is.

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What Is Vulvar Cancer?

The vulva is the outer part of the female genitals. The vulva includes the opening of the vagina (sometimes called the vestibule), the labia majora (outer lips), the labia minora (inner lips), and the clitoris.

Around the opening of the vagina, there are 2 sets of skin folds. The inner set, called the labia minora, are small and hairless. The outer set, the labia majora, are larger, with hair on the outer surface. (Labia is Latin for lips.) The inner and outer labia  meet, protecting the vaginal opening and, just above it, the opening of the urethra (the short tube that carries urine from the bladder). The Bartholin glands are found just inside the opening of the vagina — one on each side. These glands produce a mucus-like fluid that acts as a lubricant during sex.

At the front of the vagina, the labia minora meet to form a fold or small hood of skin called the prepuce. The clitoris is beneath the prepuce. The clitoris is an approximately ¾-inch structure of highly sensitive tissue that becomes swollen with blood during sexual stimulation. The labia minora also meet at a place just beneath the vaginal opening, at the fourchette. Beyond the fourchette is the anus, the opening to the rectum. This is where stool comes out of the body. The space between the vagina and the anus is called the perineum.

Cancer of the vulva (also known as vulvar cancer) most often affects the inner edges of the labia majora or the labia minora. It starts in the clitoris or in the Bartholin glands less often.

Types of vulvar cancer

Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?

Squamous cell carcinomas

Most cancers of the vulva are squamous cell carcinomas. This type of cancer starts in squamous cells, the main type of skin cells. There are several subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma:

• The keratinizing type is most common. It usually develops in older women and is not linked to infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) (HPV is discussed in Risk Factors for Vulvar Cancer).
• Basaloid and warty types are less common. These are the kinds more often found in younger women with HPV infections.
• Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon subtype that’s important to recognize because it’s slow-growing and tends to have a good prognosis (outlook). This cancer looks like a large wart and a biopsy is needed to be sure it’s not a benign (non-cancer) growth.

Adenocarcinoma

Cancer that starts in gland cells is called adenocarcinoma. About 8 of every 100 vulvar cancers are adenocarcinomas. Vulvar adenocarcinomas most often start in cells of the Bartholin glands. These glands are found just inside the opening of the vagina. A Bartholin gland cancer is easily mistaken for a cyst (build-up of fluid in the gland), so it’s common to take awhile to get an accurate diagnosis. Most Bartholin gland cancers are adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas can also form in the sweat glands of the vulvar skin.

Paget disease of the vulva is a condition in which adenocarcinoma cells are found in the top layer of the vulvar skin. Up to 25% of patients with vulvar Paget disease also have an invasive vulvar adenocarcinoma (in a Bartholin gland or sweat gland). In the remaining patients, the cancer cells are found only in the skin’s top layer and have not grown into the tissues below.

Melanoma

Melanomas are cancers that start in the pigment-producing cells that give skin color. They are much more common on sun-exposed areas of the skin, but can start in other areas, such as the vulva. Vulvar melanomas are rare, making up about 6 of every 100 vulvar cancers.

More information on this can be found in Melanoma Skin Cancer.

Sarcoma

A sarcoma is a cancer that starts in the cells of bones, muscles, or connective tissue. Less than 2 of every 100 vulvar cancers are sarcomas. Unlike other cancers of the vulva, vulvar sarcomas can occur in females at any age, including in childhood.

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, is more often found on sun-exposed areas of the skin. It occurs very rarely on the vulva. For more information on this type of cancer, see Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer.

Vaginitis – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis

The Facts

The vagina has its own chemical balance, which can be easily disturbed. If the lining of the vagina becomes inflamed, a condition known as vaginitis may develop. This can occur in girls and women of all ages.

Causes

There are many different causes of vaginitis.

Non-infectious vaginitis refers to vaginal inflammation that’s due to chemical irritants or allergies. Spermicides, douches, detergents, fabric softeners, and latex condoms can all irritate the vaginal lining. Also, some sanitary napkins can cause irritation at the entrance to the vagina.

Atrophic vaginitis may occur after a woman has reached menopause. It results from lower hormone (estrogen) levels and the thinning of the vaginal lining caused by them. This makes the vagina more prone to irritation.

Infectious vaginitis is caused by an infection with bacteria or yeast. Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis and spreads through unprotected sex with an infected partner. Other types of vaginal infections can occur when a woman has a fistula, an abnormal passage connecting the intestine to the vagina. This allows stool to enter the vaginal area, greatly increasing the risk of infections.

Bacterial vaginosis may be due to an imbalance between normally occurring bacteria that protect the vagina and potentially infectious ones. Cigarette smoking, using intrauterine devices, douching, and having multiple sexual partners have all been shown to increase the risk of infection. Bacterial vaginosis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, however, since it can occur in women who have never had vaginal intercourse.

Yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, occurs when there is an overgrowth of the yeast called Candida that normally lives in the vagina. Yeast infections can occur if you’re taking antibiotics, if you have high levels of estrogen (for instance, during pregnancy or if you are taking oral contraceptive pills), if you have uncontrolled diabetes, or if your immune system is suppressed. Anything that changes the type and amount of bacteria normally present in the vagina, such as douching or irritation from inadequate vaginal lubrication can increase risk. A yeast infection can be sexually transmitted, especially through oral-genital sexual contact. However, yeast infection isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection because it happens in women who aren’t sexually active and the candida fungus is naturally present in the vagina.

Newborns can also have vaginal inflammation and discharge for the first couple weeks of life, caused by exposure to the mother’s estrogen just prior to birth. A common cause of vaginitis in girls aged 2 to 6 is poor hygiene.

Symptoms and Complications

General symptoms of vaginitis can include discharge, odour, irritation, and itching. In some cases, women have no symptoms even if they have a bacterial infection. Generally, bacterial vaginitis causes itching and burning during urination or after sexual intercourse. There may also be whitish discharge with an unpleasant (“fishy”) odour. The discharge may be more noticeable after sex.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis can be quite severe for some women, whereas others may have no symptoms at all. Trichomoniasis causes vaginal soreness and, sometimes, abdominal discomfort. It can lead to heavy yellow-green or grey discharge accompanied by an unpleasant odour. Urination and sexual intercourse can be painful. If left untreated during pregnancy, trichomoniasis can lead to premature labour. It can also increase the risk of HIV acquisition and infection.

Symptoms of yeast infections include vaginal itching and painful urination. The labia (vaginal lips) often swell and can be quite sore. There may be a thick and whitish discharge that can look like cottage cheese. Yeast infections can also lead to pain or discomfort during sex.

Irritant or allergic vaginitis can cause mild-to-severe itching or burning of the vagina, which often becomes swollen and red. This type of vaginitis doesn’t cause a vaginal discharge.

Atrophic vaginitis often causes no symptoms. However, some women have dry, sore vaginas, which may be red and irritated. Sexual intercourse is painful and is often followed by a burning feeling. Occasional spotting (light bleeding) and watery discharge are common with this type of vaginitis.

Making the Diagnosis

Your doctor will first consider your history of vaginal infections or sexually transmitted infections and perform a physical or pelvic examination. If you have a discharge from your vagina, a sample will be sent to a lab for analysis to determine whether there’s an infection or not. The doctor will check your vaginal pH, as this may provide a clue to the cause of the vaginitis.

If an infection is ruled out, your doctor will ask questions about what chemicals or irritants (e.g., douches or latex condoms) your vagina has been exposed to.

In some cases, vaginitis can be diagnosed simply by considering a woman’s age, as postmenopausal women are prone to irritation of the vaginal lining.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment of vaginitis depends on the cause:

Tablets, gels, or creams are used to treat bacterial vaginitis. Some treatments might not be safe to use with alcohol or during pregnancy, and certain vaginal creams can weaken latex condoms. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about how to safely use the medication prescribed. Contact your doctor if symptoms return after treatment.

Trichomoniasis requires either a single dose or a 7-day course of prescription antibiotics, and sexual partners should be treated at the same time to prevent them from reinfecting each other. Pregnant women should consult their doctors regarding the safety of the treatment. You can help prevent Trichomonas vaginalis infection by limiting the number of sexual partners and by ensuring the male partner always uses a latex condom during sexual intercourse.

Antifungal pills or cream are available for vaginal yeast infections. It’s a good idea to seek your doctor’s opinion before purchasing nonprescription products. It’s especially important to see your doctor if:

• it’s your first yeast infection
• you’re pregnant or breast-feeding
• the treatments you’ve tried haven’t worked
• the infection keeps coming back
• you’re not sure it’s a yeast infection
• you have any health conditions that weaken your immune system (such as HIV)
• you also have pelvic pain, fever, or a coloured or unpleasant-smelling vaginal discharge

Some women have frequent yeast infections. If you’ve had four or more infections in the last year, see your doctor. Prescription products are also available.

Your doctor can also recommend a steroid ointment or cream to reduce the redness, swelling, and itching that can be caused by irritative or allergic vaginitis. 4 to 5 tablespoons of baking soda in a lukewarm bath can provide some relief. It’s important to identify the cause of the vaginitis so that irritants can be avoided in the future.

Atrophic vaginitis might be minimized by using estrogen therapy or lubricants (such as K-Y Jelly® or a personal lubricant). Estrogen therapy is not for everyone – talk to your doctor about whether it’s a good choice for you.

If you have diabetes, managing your blood sugar helps reduce your chances of getting vaginitis.

Using condoms can prevent infectious vaginitis. Good toilet habits are also helpful; wiping from front to back lowers the chance of spreading bacteria from the anus to the vagina.

Tips to keep your vaginal skin healthy and prevent non-infectious vaginitis include the following:

• Avoid prolonged moisture and friction, for instance rubbing vigorously with a towel.
• Don’t wear wet or damp bathing suits or exercise clothes for long periods of time.
• Wear cotton underwear which provide some air-flow.
• Wear loose-fitting slacks.
• Avoid pantyhose.
• Find alternative contraceptives if your skin is irritated by lubricated condoms, jellies, creams, or sponges.
• Keep the area around the genitals clean and dry.
• Avoid irritants such as douches, feminine hygiene sprays, deodorized sanitary pads or tampons, and coloured or perfumed toilet paper.

All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2021. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Vaginitis

90,000 Why are the labia swollen and what to do?

Some women, faced with pathological lesions of intimate areas, are horrified and embarrassed by the need to seek help from a qualified doctor. Such a reason to come to a gynecologist may be a situation when the labia are swollen, and if this is accompanied by redness, unpleasant vaginal discharge, itching and pain symptoms, then it becomes scary to hear the diagnosis.

Why the labia are swollen

Knowledge is never superfluous.And, before going to the doctor’s appointment, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the reasons that can answer the question of why the labia are swollen? The reasons provoking the swelling of this intimate zone can be quite extensive and before proceeding with the relief of the problem, it is necessary to correctly determine the source, since only by eliminating it, you can get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

• One of the most common diseases provoking a tumor of the labia is bartholinitis.This inflammatory process, caused by an infection that has entered the woman’s body, proceeds in the Bartholin gland and is burdened with purulent foci. The gland is located directly at the “entrance” to the vagina. A cyst, which had previously formed in the gland and began to fester, is also capable of provoking a similar manifestation.

Symptoms of this disease can be indicated by hyperemia of the epidermis, located in the immediate vicinity of the outlet duct of the gland, as a result of ongoing inflammation.There is swelling of the labia, their area becomes painful, especially the discomfort is aggravated by walking and intercourse. Bartholinitis can be aggravated by purulent abscesses and cysts.

If the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, then the result of therapy is quite favorable, perhaps even self-healing. Otherwise, bartholinitis comes to an abscess. The ongoing inflammatory and purulent process often causes an increase in body temperature.

The task of the Bartholin gland is to produce “lubricant” (special mucus). If a malfunction occurs in its work and the production of mucus decreases, this becomes the cause of dryness of the genital organs, which brings discomfort during coitus and trauma to the genitals.

• The second reason that provokes swelling of the labia is vulvovaginitis (an inflammatory process in the tissues of the labia). The reason for its appearance may be: irritation of the labia by mechanical contact or due to vaginal discharge, which has undergone a composite correction due to insufficient or lack of hygiene of this intimate area.With this pathology, a woman can observe swelling of the genitals, feel itching and other manifestations leading to discomfort.
• Candidiasis is also quite common (or it is also known as thrush), which gives a similar symptomatology. A distinctive feature of this disease are: curdled discharge from the vagina, an unpleasant sour smell, itching, painful symptoms inside the vagina directly during intercourse.
• Pain in the intimate area, and directly in the labia, their swelling, the cause of which is difficult to establish, may be the result of progressive vulvodynia, which is provoked by prolonged use of antibiotics or in the case of chronic candidiasis.
• If the labia are swollen, but besides this, painful urination and unpleasant fetid discharge of a greenish-yellow tint, the skin itches, such symptoms may indicate the presence of one of such diseases as vulvitis (inflammation of the external genital organs) or vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina). This pathology could be provoked by the lack of hygiene of the reproductive organs, abortions, trauma, frequent change of sexual partner and many others.
• The cause of puffiness can also be an allergic reaction of the sensitive skin of intimate areas to friction of underwear or the material of the product.

You should not prescribe a diagnosis yourself, only a qualified specialist can diagnose the correct one. The diagnosis is made on the basis of a complex of gynecological examinations and examinations, bacterioscopy. Only after that, for a specific reason, a therapy protocol is signed, which includes antibacterial and immunomodulatory drugs, special medical procedures and other necessary measures.

When the labia minora swell

Everything in the human body is harmonious, not the least role in a woman’s life is played by the labia minora, which begin to grow and develop during the girl’s puberty along with her breasts. In Western countries, they are of the opinion that it is not correct to divide this organ into small and large labia, since thirty percent of women have so-called small lips larger than large ones. Therefore, there you can find the phrase inner labia – inner, outer labia – outer labia.

If you are worried that the labia minora are swollen, you should not immediately panic. First, it is worth understanding the reason for such puffiness. It was originally laid down by nature that the small lips swell in the process of sexual fantasies, direct mechanical stimulation of a woman’s reproductive organs, or in the case of direct sexual contact – and this is an absolute norm. Such swelling is not dangerous and subsequently, when sexual arousal subsides, the size of the labia minora returns to its original state and dimensional parameters.

If the labia minora are swollen during arousal, then this is not only safe, but also brings certain benefits, preparing the hostess for further intimate life. This natural physiological process usually dies down after an hour or two after peak excitement, sometimes such a regression is delayed for four to twelve hours.

Increased swelling of the inner labia can be observed already in an adult woman in the process of coitus itself, and the reason for this may be rubbing them with the partner’s genital organ.As a rule, in this case, the use of a special anti-allergenic lubricant is sufficient. Some girls worry about the dangers of masturbation. It is worth reassuring them immediately. If, in the process of arousal, a woman does not exert a coarse effect on her organs that damages the epidermis, then there is nothing to worry about. As a result of self-satisfaction, if the above is fulfilled, there is no coarsening or redness of the skin, no change in their original size is observed. All gossip and speculation is associated with a simple ignorance of physiology.

And now it’s worth figuring out in which case it is necessary to sound the alarm and seek medical advice.

• If there is a change in the consistency, odor, or color of vaginal discharge.
• If a woman begins to feel discomfort in the genital area, itching (in such a situation, it is primarily necessary to make sure that the delicate skin is not damaged by cracks or scratches, which are easy to get when removing hair in the intimate area).
• In the event that previously unobserved seals are palpated on palpation.
• The appearance of various types of neoplasms on the skin.

In such a situation, you should not engage in self-diagnosis and self-medication, such self-confidence can be quite dangerous and lead to undesirable consequences. It would be more reasonable to undergo an examination by an obstetrician – gynecologist and get his advice, which should not be postponed.

Causes of swelling of the labia majora

If a woman feels that her large lip is swollen and this brings some discomfort, do not let everything take its course, follow up, it may be possible to independently establish the cause of the puffiness.

• These can be natural, physiologically grounded processes that will not bring any harm.
• The cause of the swelling of the large lip may be a sexually transmitted infection.
• This may also be due to the lack of genital hygiene.
• Infectious and parasitic lesions can also provoke an increase in the size of the outer parts of the intimate zone.
• Puffiness can be provoked by narrow, uncomfortable clothes, rubbing underwear.

Therefore, if the pathology does not go away, you cannot do without the help of a specialist. And you should not postpone the trip to the doctor “for later”.

Causes of itching and swelling of the labia

The skin in the labia area is particularly sensitive, so if a woman begins to feel itching in the intimate area and the labia are swollen, then it is definitely necessary to take a closer look at this problem. These two combinations can be symptoms of quite unpleasant diseases, but only a doctor can determine the correct cause of the pathology. Therefore, if the irritation persists, and does not arise, for example, after shaving the intimate area and is able to disappear on its own, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. The doctor will conduct a visual examination and prescribe a number of diagnostic studies, only after that can we talk about an adequate diagnosis and the appointment of effective therapy.

The following pathology can be a medical problem when the labia is itchy and swollen, and which must be solved medically:

Vulvovaginitis – inflammation that occurs in the external genitalia.It can develop due to irritation caused by rubbing with underwear (size or model does not fit) or due to an allergic reaction of the girl’s skin to the material of the underwear itself or its trim (lace, shanks, elastic bands). Vulvovaginitis can develop as a result of active, rough, damaging the skin, masturbation. Mostly, it occurs in adolescents. And also pathology can appear due to infection, wearing dirty panties, failure to comply with the basic rules of intimate hygiene.

In addition to the symptoms already indicated, this disease is also noted by the following manifestations:

• pain symptoms during urination and when walking.
• hyperemia of the skin.
• , unnatural discharge, mainly of a greenish-yellow hue and an unpleasant odor, can be added.
• The appearance in sensations of pain symptoms in the area of ​​the vaginal opening may indicate vulvodynia.This pathology is quite difficult to diagnose, since it is capable of covering more than one organ with a lesion. Vulvodynia is an inflammatory process involving nerve endings in the vulva. In addition to problematic diagnostics, this pathology is also distinguished by a long period of therapeutic therapy, which is based on antibiotics. The symptomatology of this disease is akin to many diseases of the genital area, including sexually transmitted infections. And the correct diagnosis is not only a physiological problem, but also a psychological one.After all, no one wants to hear that he, for example, is infected with syphilis.
• Itching and swollen labia can also be caused by thrush (or candidiasis), the causative agent of candida, parasites of fungal origin. In any healthy organism, they are present in limited quantities, but if, in the event of certain prevailing circumstances, their quantitative growth occurs, affecting the vaginal microflora, in this case, doctors talk about candidiasis.
• An additional symptomatology may be the appearance of pain during intercourse itself and at its completion.Their localization is the vagina itself and the entrance to it. There is also redness and irritation of the skin, there are cottage cheese-like discharge with an unpleasant sour smell, which irritate the sensitive skin of the intimate zone.
• Gardnerellosis is another possible cause of swelling and itching of the external genital organs. This disease can also be called vaginal dysbiosis. The causative agent of this pathology is the parasitic microorganism Gardnella vaginalis.

In addition to the already known symptoms, this pathology is different:

• The appearance of pain in the genitals and in the groin area.
• Painful urination is observed.
• The discharge becomes watery, becomes foamy, the shade becomes grayish-green. The liquid has an unpleasant smell of rotten fish.

Summing up the above, it is necessary to focus on the fact that the result of treatment largely depends on how early the patient turned to the doctor for help and how correct the therapeutic therapy was.

Why the labia are swollen and itchy

In light of the multitude of fungi and infections that exist in the world and are ready to “settle” in the human body, any discomfort in the intimate area should alert a woman. After all, there are pathologies that, for the time being, do not manifest themselves, and they can only be detected by passing a preventive examination by a gynecologist. Therefore, one should not neglect such an opportunity, because some lesions are treated quite simply, while others require more attention, effort and time.Therefore, if a woman herself observes that the labia are swollen and itchy, immediately consult a specialist. Only a certified physician can determine the diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.

It is worth noting that such symptoms give the hostess significant discomfort. The desire to scratch an itchy place leads to the formation of ulcers, which not only bring pain, but are also “gates” through which various infections freely enter. The desire to scratch an intimate place can also be met with psychological discomfort, especially when a person is in a public place or the climatic features of the living area are an obstacle.

Why labia swell after sex

Some still inexperienced girls are frightened by the situation when their lips are swollen after sex: she is in a panic and frightened. In fact, nothing terrible happened, because the woman’s labia are equipped with a large number of venous and arterial vessels, nerve endings. Since one of the erogenous zones of the female body is located in this place, their increased sensitivity leads, with any caress or simple touch, to irritation of nerve receptors and a rush of blood, which provokes swelling of the lips of the genital area.The quantitative increase in their size depends on the individual characteristics of the organism of the fair sex.

But still, a pathological lesion should not be discounted. If the change in the size of the labia is directly related only to the performed coitus, then you should not worry, but if the swelling does not go away even after 12 hours after intercourse, you should think about visiting a doctor, since the disease may also be the cause.

Causes of swelling of the clitoris and labia

In most cases, there is nothing wrong with a situation when the clitoris and labia are swollen – this may be the result of natural sexual arousal caused by sexual fantasies, partner caresses or masturbation.During the period of sexual pleasure, blood flows to the female genitals, including the clitoris, which causes them to swell. This is a natural process that allows a woman to prepare herself for intercourse. Therefore, you should not worry about a swollen clitoris and labia. The edema will subside by itself some time after the end of intercourse.

Another question is if this symptomatology persists after 12 hours. If there is also a concomitant pathological symptomatology, then there is a direct road to an examination to a gynecologist, and this visit should not be postponed, since such manifestations can be caused by both a bacterial infection and an imbalance in the vaginal microflora caused by a malfunction in the ratio of various microorganisms.

Causes of swelling of the labia during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman’s life, which is caused by a significant restructuring of the body of the expectant mother, and it also affects the woman’s genital area. The fact that the labia are swollen during pregnancy can be detected both by the woman herself and by the obstetrician-gynecologist examining her. This is especially noticeable during the second and third trimester. During this period, blood flow to the uterine region and to the labia increases, which makes them more swollen.This situation is completely normal and due to physiology. Blood flow is the transport of nutrients and trace elements, which are so necessary for the normal growth and development of the fetus. The mother’s body prepares for childbirth and blood flow are important facts in this preparation, designed to facilitate the process of childbirth.

But do not remove the control of the state of intimate places. If the swelling is associated with unnatural discharge and an unpleasant odor, it is necessary to notify the obstetrician – gynecologist, because such symptoms can be caused by an infection.

Other reasons can affect the size of the labia. During the period of gestation, the activity of blood circulation in the area of ​​some organs decreases, since they succumb to the pressure of the uterus and the growing fetus, which pinch the blood arteries. The consequences of such exposure can be dark ball-shaped seals (varicose veins of the labia). A third of pregnant women are faced with such a pathology, but in the normal course of pregnancy after the completion of childbirth, varicose veins resolve on their own.Sometimes such a ball can burst, causing bleeding.

Swelling of the labia during pregnancy is not an indication for a cesarean section, however, in some cases, an obstetrician-gynecologist can take such a step.

In order not to complicate the situation, it is necessary to wear comfortable underwear made from natural materials. The expectant mother should rest normally, sleep only on her side, allowing blood to circulate freely.

But the cause of the swelling can also be an infectious disease.In this case, other unpleasant phenomena are added to the swelling. For example,

• Blistering rash.
• Itching and scabies of the labia.
• Unpleasant discharge.
• Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucosa.
• Increased body temperature.

In the event of the appearance of at least one of the points of accompanying symptoms, it is necessary to notify the doctor leading the pregnancy.He will examine the pregnant woman and take a smear on the flora. Do not forget that some infections are quite dangerous, especially while carrying a baby. Such a defeat can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, death of the nascent life in the womb, as well as lead to genetic changes in the fetus and its subsequent disability.

Other infections may pose less danger to the life and health of the fetus, but they should not be condoned.

Causes of swelling of the labia with thrush

There are microorganisms that live in us constantly, without showing their presence.And only a confluence of certain factors can become a catalyst for their reproduction. These microorganisms include Candida, which provoke the development of candidiasis. This pathology poses less danger to the course of pregnancy, but still delivers a lot of unpleasant minutes. The labia are swollen with thrush – this is one of the symptoms of this pathology. Its accompanying symptomatology is necessarily unusual white cheesy profuse discharge. This irritating factor begins to cause itching in the genitals.You want to scratch them all the time, which in turn leads to even greater swelling, hyperemia and the appearance of small wounds, which can become additional “gates” for another infection. During and after coitus, a woman may experience pain in and out of the vagina.

If similar symptoms are observed, it is worth contacting a specialist and undergoing the necessary examination. Modern therapy of thrush with antifungal drugs is quite successful and takes only a few days.

Treatment of swollen labia

If discomfort appears in the intimate area, you should not postpone the visit to a specialist in the hope that everything will go away on its own. In this situation, a doctor – gynecologist or dermato – venereologist can help. Only he is able to conduct a comprehensive examination and make the correct diagnosis. And only after establishing the root cause, the specialist can paint a protocol for the treatment of swollen labia, which is due to the identified pathology.

In most cases, this is the use of antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial drugs.

For example, the effective antifungal agent flucostat is used to combat many fungal infections. The drug is prescribed in an amount of 50 to 150 mg taken once a day. The duration of admission can range from two to four weeks. This parameter is controlled by the attending physician, depending on the causative agent of the disease, the severity of the pathology and the general health of the patient.

Contraindications for flucostat include increased susceptibility to triazole compounds, the period of gestation, breastfeeding and children’s age up to a year.

Fluconazole is an analogue of flucostat, administered orally according to a scheme similar to the first drug. The only difference is that it is slightly weaker than the first, therefore it is prescribed in a slightly higher dosage. Its quantitative component is determined only by the attending doctor.

A doctor may prescribe antihistamines if an allergic reaction of any genesis is diagnosed.

Amizole (Amyzol) is administered orally. The daily dosage assumes the introduction of 0.75 – 1 g of the drug, divided into three doses. It is not recommended to take this drug if a patient is found to be hypersensitive to the components of amisole, with myocardial infarction, pregnancy.

Loratadine-Verte is administered orally at a dose of 10 mg once a day.In the case of diagnosing renal or hepatic insufficiency, the dose of the drug is halved or applied by the same amount, but every other day.

It is not recommended to prescribe to patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug in case of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Often the doctor prescribes an antiseptic: topical ointment or tincture.

Betadine is applied in a small layer to the area of ​​concern two to three times throughout the day, so as not to spoil the underwear, you can use an occlusive dressing or a regular pad.

Contraindications of the drug include: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and pathological malfunctions of the thyroid gland. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

In the case of dysbiosis, the attending physician may prescribe medications to the patient to maintain the balance of the necessary beneficial bacteria in the intestine. Such, for example, canadian yogurt, linex, bifidobacteria, which the doctor ascribes orally, one or two suppositories in three daily approaches.The drug is applied half an hour before meals. The duration of therapy is adjusted by the attending doctor and can last from one week to two, and in severe, protracted pathologies, up to a month.

During pregnancy, the drug is administered one suppository one to two times throughout the day (the drug is used in this case only for mild pathology).

It is not recommended to use the drug only in case of increased sensitivity of the patient’s body.

It will not be superfluous to use drugs that stimulate the immune system, such as, for example, apilak, imudon, imunorix, sodium nucleinate, methyluracil.

The biological stimulant apilak is taken sublingually (under the tongue), 10 mg of the drug three times throughout the day. The duration of the course of treatment is from 10 to 15 days.

Contraindications for the use of apilak include Addison’s disease (decreased adrenal function), hereditary hypersensitivity to the drug’s components (idiosyncrasy), including bee products.Imunorix is ​​an excellent drug that stimulates the growth of immunity. Taking the drug is not tied to the time of food consumption. A single dosage of 0.8 g, which corresponds to two bottles, is applied twice a day. The course of treatment assumes 15 days of use; in the case of maintenance therapy, the duration of the use of the drug can be determined by two months.

It is not recommended to use Imunorix in the case of diagnosing a patient with such pathologies as hypersensitivity to pimotiod or parabens, other components of the drug, with a predisposition to allergies, in case of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, the attending physician controls the drug intake. Do not prescribe it during pregnancy, breastfeeding.

What to do if the labia is swollen

The question arose, what to do if the labia are swollen? The answer is unequivocal – contact a medical institution for examination and for consultation with a specialist. The doctor will look, prescribe the necessary examinations. There are many cases when the swelling of the labia is associated with natural physiological processes in the woman’s body. Such options do not require any external influence and are able to pass on their own.

In order to exclude the appearance of this symptomatology as much as possible, it is necessary to adhere to several simple rules in your daily life:

• Thorough care and fulfillment of all hygiene requirements of intimate places.
• Regular daily change of underwear, it must not be dirty.
• Lingerie should be of a comfortable cut and of the required size. It should not chafe and hinder movement.
• It is advisable to wear underwear made from natural fabrics, this will reduce the risk of allergic reactions.
• Monitor your diet. Sometimes the use of certain foods can provoke allergies, which will lead to swelling and itching of the tissues of the intimate area, including the labia.
• If this pathology is accompanied by concomitant symptoms, it is necessary, “without postponing” to seek help from a doctor and follow all his recommendations.
• If dryness of the vaginal mucosa is observed, it is necessary to use special intimate gels that will protect the genitals from injury during intercourse.
• When removing hair from intimate areas, use only your own razor, in case of severe irritation, use an antiseptic.
• In everyday life, it is better to use white spacers. They contain less dyes, which can be an additional impetus for an allergic reaction.
• A stressful situation can also provoke the pathology under consideration. You should try to be less nervous.
• Do everything possible to avoid abortion.
• Should not be sprayed on multiple sexual partners. Such carelessness increases the risk of infection.
• Do not neglect regular preventive examinations.

Only an attentive attitude to your body will allow you to avoid multiple health troubles.

The issue of healthy genitals worries everyone, but it is especially relevant for women of childbearing age, therefore, if any discomfort in intimate areas appears, including when the labia is swollen, it is worth deciding on its root cause and her doctor will help the woman in this.The fair sex is only required to take care of themselves, their health, and at the first unpleasant symptomatology, do not hesitate to consult a specialist. It is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations and a favorable result is provided.

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90,000 Why the labia are swollen. Itching, swelling, burning, dryness, acne and cracks on the labia minora and majora: causes, treatment

is a swelling of the external genital organs. At the same time, both small and large labia can increase. They have a different structure and perform special functions in a woman’s body. The folds of skin, called the labia majora, protect the internal organs from mechanical stress and environmental factors. Fiber and venous plexuses are concentrated in them. In the labia minora, the tissues of which contain venous vessels, arteries, various fibers and sebaceous glands, nerve endings are concentrated. They are part of the vulva.

In addition to the labia, edema forms on the clitoris, on the eve of the vagina, in the Bartholin glands. It manifests itself in an increase in tissues and their swelling. The color of the skin and mucous membranes often changes. In some cases, ulcers form. Uncharacteristic watery discharge mixed with blood or pus may appear on the laundry. When walking, performing physical exercises, having intercourse or mechanical action on the genitals, tangible pain occurs. The lymph nodes in the groin area can become inflamed. This symptom is detected by touch. The woman is uncomfortable, there may be a loss of appetite and weight.

Causes of edema of the labia

Sexual intercourse.
In this case, the edema does not require treatment, but disappears on its own after a few hours. Its appearance is caused by blood flow, which is triggered by intercourse. It is worth contacting a specialist if the tumor does not subside for a long time.

Candidiasis.
This disease is better known as. Edema is one of its symptoms, along with itching and pain, especially during urination and intercourse, as well as curdled vaginal discharge.The disease affects both men and women. Both partners need to be treated, since the pathogen is transmitted during intercourse. You can get infected using someone else’s underwear or through other items. The fungus itself poses no danger. The infection develops only when favorable conditions develop for this: hormonal disruptions, weakening of the immune system, an unbalanced diet, poor-quality underwear made of synthetic materials. As a result, it is felt on the external genitals.Continuous scratching leads to swelling. You can get rid of it by curing the main cause of the appearance -.

Pregnancy.
This period in a woman’s life is characterized by the accumulation of fatty tissues in the genital area and lower abdomen in order to provide warmth to the fetus. Often these formations can be mistaken for edema. The swelling goes away after childbirth, but if it is unpleasant, you should see an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Vulvodynia
…
This disease is accompanied by throbbing pain.They appear suddenly, disturb for a long time, and then pass unexpectedly as well. Vulvodynia in some cases leads to edema. It can be caused by sexually transmitted infections, uncomfortable underwear, somatic diseases and even damage to nerve endings. Pain appears during intercourse and movement. You should consult a specialist for help, otherwise the discomfort may become so severe that it will not even allow you to sit still.

Herpes.
It is transmitted during intercourse, and the risk of its occurrence increases several times with frequent change of partners or weakening of immunity.The main symptoms: the formation of ulcers and blisters, inside of which fluid accumulates, general malaise and fever, itching, swelling and redness of the skin. Pain may occur when urinating. Herpes symptoms are noticeable only during the period of its exacerbation for several weeks. Then the disease may not appear in any way.

Vulvitis
…
The vulva is called the external genitalia: labia, clitoris, vagina, hymen. Inflammation of this area is. It can be caused by taking a number of medications, including antibiotics, certain diseases, allergies, non-observance of basic hygiene rules, as well as increased humidity of the genitals.Edema is the main symptom of vulvitis, as are skin redness, burning, and general weakness.

Bartholinite.
This disease is an inflammation of specific glands located in the vestibule of the vagina. They are called Bartholin. Inflammation is caused by special microorganisms, and genital infections accelerate its development. At the initial stage of the disease in the area of ​​the Barthollin glands is formed. The skin on the genitals becomes an unnatural red color and swelling appears.

Chronic diseases;

It is not safe to try to get rid of the swelling yourself.In addition, only eliminating the root cause of its appearance will allow you to cope with the swelling. Therefore, it is necessary to contact a gynecologist, who will determine what led to the formation of edema, and prescribe a treatment for the identified disease.

For candidiasis, vaginal suppositories and immunostimulating drugs are used. Hormonal drugs are prescribed for vulvodynia. It is into this disease that thrush often develops, if no measures are taken. Vulvodynia is accompanied by severe pain, so it is necessary to take drugs aimed at suppressing them.Sometimes antidepressants and antihistamines are also required (). Antiseptic drugs are used for vulvitis, and antibacterial drugs are used for.

Sometimes the cause of edema is a disease of one of the major systems of the body, for example, the endocrine system. In the process of treatment, in order to get rid of it, it will be necessary to suppress or enhance its functions. Only a specialist can accurately determine the reasons, and it is important not to postpone a visit to him in order to prevent complications.

Education:
Diploma “Obstetrics and Gynecology” received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010.). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N.N. N.I. Pirogova.

Sometimes a woman notices that she has itchy labia minora, this causes a lot of inconvenience, especially if it happened in a public place. Burning, swelling and redness terrify the girl, she is afraid to see a doctor and feels ashamed because of such an intimate problem. Half of these situations are resolved without the intervention of doctors, but if self-therapy does not help, it is better not to delay.The diseases that led to it are easily curable only in the initial stages, and in the advanced case, they even lead to infertility.

Problems that can cause itching in the intimate area are divided into several groups:

• allergy;
• change in hormonal levels;
• STDs;
• female diseases;
• Adverse reactions of non-gynecological diseases.

Allergic reactions – a simple and harmless problem

Before generating a bunch of unpleasant thoughts in your head, winding yourself up and being afraid of going to the doctor, you should think about a banal allergy.She is the cause of half of the troubles in the intimate area.

1. Panty liners are both a salvation and a global problem for the modern woman. They are convenient for maintaining personal hygiene, but they are the most common cause of allergies and increase the risk of certain diseases. If you find any trouble, you should refuse to use them or switch to another brand of gaskets.
2. Poor quality underwear. Women are advised to wear undyed natural cotton, but now such underwear is less and less common.Synthetic materials, tanga style, lace and low-quality dyes are a common cause of allergies.
3. Intimate hygiene products can also cause swelling and discomfort.
4. The labia may itch after depilation. This can be a reaction to mechanical irritation or to cosmetics used during the procedure.
5. Reaction to drugs for the treatment of other diseases. For example, intimate discomfort is often caused by antibiotics.

These causes can be rectified by yourself. It is enough to carry out hygiene procedures as soon as possible and remove the allergen.

If after that everything has passed and nothing hurts, the visit to the specialist can be postponed.

Intimate troubles due to hormonal imbalance

Changes in hormonal levels are a common cause of swelling and itching in the labia minora, so they can swell. The hormonal balance undergoes changes throughout life, starting from the moment of puberty and the pumping of menopause.Changes in the ratio of hormones during one menstrual cycle can cause discomfort and discomfort, which can already be said about pregnancy and menopause.

• Pregnancy provokes changes in the entire body of a woman. Raging hormones, increased blood volume, enlarged pelvic veins and the growing uterus squeezing the vena cava are just a few of the problems that can cause discomfort. You need to immediately inform the gynecologist about this problem, if there are no changes in the analyzes, then you will have to suffer a little, after childbirth everything will go away by itself.
• Changes during menopause are a common cause of irritation. In this case, the doctor will prescribe drugs that relieve unpleasant symptoms, the use of which will significantly reduce the problem.

Insidious and unpleasant reason – venereal diseases

The most insidious and frightening reason why external genitals and, in particular, small lips in women can hurt. If a girl suspects that she has an STD, then the fear of visiting a specialist increases many times, the visit is postponed and a vicious circle is created.It is better not to do this, but to hurry up while the disease is in its initial stage, is treatable and leads to a minimum of complications.

The most common STDs are trichomoniasis, chlamydia and gonorrhea. They also manifest as pain in the lower abdomen, purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor, redness, burning, and irritation in the labia minora.

At the same time, genital herpes is considered a sexually transmitted disease and one that can be caught in the household.This is a rather insidious, difficult to treat, but easily recognizable disease. It begins with unbearable itching and localized swelling, in place of which, after 1-2 days, small papules with a liquid content form. Unfortunately, it is completely impossible to recover from it, once it gets into the bloodstream, the virus will remain there throughout life, and remind of itself with weakened immunity and stress.

Female diseases that are not sexually transmitted

Microorganisms that inhabit the flora of the vagina maintain a natural balance with each other, but in the presence of stress, immune problems or hormonal problems, this delicate balance can be disturbed.If this happens, discomfort appears in the bikini area and the labia begins to hurt.

1. Thrush (candidiasis) is a common problem caused by over-activity of yeasts. There is no woman in nature who has never had this trouble at least once. At the beginning of the disease, the girl notes that her labia were swollen, itching and irritation appeared. Then a sure sign of thrush appears – white cheesy discharge with a sour smell. All this is accompanied by cutting pain during sex and urination.The treatment is quite simple and effective, usually one course of suppositories or pills is enough, as well as adherence to a diet that restricts milk and sweets.
2. Vulvovaginitis. Inflammation of the vagina, which is very similar in symptoms to thrush. A laboratory analysis will help to determine it, and a doctor will prescribe the correct treatment.
3. Gardnerellosis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis. Contrary to the opinion of many, these are not sexually transmitted diseases. The bacteria that cause them are part of the permanent microflora of the vagina of a healthy woman.Violation of their ratio leads to swelling and soreness. It can be triggered by improper use of panty liners, such as not changing them throughout the day, poor personal hygiene, or frequent partner changes.
4. Endometriosis and endometritis. These are diseases of the uterus, but the accompanying symptoms are often discomfort in the labia.

Adverse reactions of non-gynecological diseases

A common reason why genitals can swell and itch are diseases not related to gynecology.These include:

• diabetes mellitus;
• anemia;
• oncological diseases;
• hepatitis.

As you know, the best treatment is prevention. Compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene, wearing good and high-quality underwear, the absence of promiscuous sexual intercourse and the use of a condom will help a woman to face the problem of irritation and soreness in the labia minora as rarely as possible.

Inflammation of the bertolin gland and excretory ducts (bartholinitis) is one of the main causes of swelling of the labia majora and small labia

Swelling of the labia is a problem affecting women around the world.Many of them are embarrassed to discuss this.

The labia helps protect the vagina as it is one of the most sensitive areas of your body. Their swelling can also be accompanied by pain or discomfort.

Swelling of the labia minora or labia majora can most often be caused by:

• Cyst development
• Bacterial or yeast infections
• Allergic reaction to a chemical

It has also been noted that the labia may swell after intercourse or during pregnancy.This problem can interfere with a woman’s daily activities due to discomfort. If it is an infection, it may be accompanied by a burning sensation and intense.

Possible concomitant symptoms

According to the NHS, symptoms of sore labia include:

• Light bleeding
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Pain during sex or urination
• Vaginal itching or irritation

Swelling of the labia minora

Edema of the labia minora can be caused by several reasons, but none of them are very serious.Irritation in this area can be quite unpleasant and embarrassing due to the constant urge to scratch. Thrush is one of the causes that can cause inflammation and is usually accompanied by a discharge.

Allergic reactions are also known to cause swelling. You may be allergic to garments, soaps, or cosmetics such as the intimate deodorant you have used. This area is very sensitive, so make sure you don’t expose it to irritating aromatic products like soap.

Avoid scratching your swollen labia as this can worsen your symptoms. Also, touch them less.

Swelling of the labia minora on one side

Unilateral swelling may be caused by a cyst of the Bartholin gland. The swelling will be mainly found in the area near the opening of the vagina. The cyst usually does not hurt, but the appearance of pain may indicate that an abscess has begun to develop.

Abscesses are quite painful and are caused by inflammation.The affected skin will be reddened and sensitive. You may have difficulty walking or sitting.

Some facts:

• If it is a bartholin cyst, then the temperature around and the whole body usually does not rise
• Discharge may occur when the labia minora are swollen due to an infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection
• Be sure to tell your doctor as soon as you notice additional symptoms such as vomiting, fever, or discharge.

Treatment of edema of the labia minora

It is not worth ignoring the swollen labia minora, as this can sometimes signal the presence of a cause that requires urgent help.

1. Antibiotics or antifungal ointments are used if there is an infection
2. Warm compress can help relieve pain caused by localized edema
3. It is always important to keep this area clean and dry. You should use regular water for washing and be very gentle.Do not use soaps or other scented cosmetics when cleaning your vagina. Your inner labia are quite sensitive and may therefore be allergic to the use of many

products

4. Do not wear too tight clothing. Loose cotton clothing is recommended as it ensures that the area remains dry and healthy.

Swelling of the labia majora

This edema is also often associated with the development of a Bartholin gland cyst.According to the NHS (National Health Service of England), every one in fifty women will develop an abscess or cyst at some point in their lives.
This problem most often affects sexually active women between the ages of twenty-five and thirty.

The Bartholin glands are located near your vagina. Their main function is to secrete secretions used as a lubricant during intercourse. The secreted fluid travels through tiny ducts into the vagina.

A cyst forms when these channels are blocked, which leads to their expansion due to the retention of secreted fluid. They can become blocked due to an infection such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Symptoms will depend on what caused the swelling. Aside from the swelling itself, you may also experience some irritation due to the sensitivity of the vagina.

Treatment of edema of the labia majora

You can manage your labia majora symptoms by making simple lifestyle changes.Oregano oil can be used to soothe the burning sensation as well as reduce inflammation. Natural yogurt will help reduce irritation.

Inflammation can also be reduced using a cold compress. Boric acid is another home remedy that is highly recommended for this situation. Applying water-based lubricants can help reduce swelling caused by intercourse.

Enlarged labia of the fetus on ultrasound

You can find out the gender of your unborn child using ultrasound.It gives a good indication of whether you are expecting a boy or a girl. However, there are cases when an unborn girl may have an enlarged labia, which looks like a stretched scrotum on an ultrasound scan.

Swollen labia before and during menstruation

The body undergoes hormonal changes during menstruation. Over a period of time, the pH (acidity) of the vagina will also change. This increases the chances of getting a vaginal infection.

Any infection that occurs before or during your period will cause your vagina to swell. Moderate swelling in some cases is considered normal by medical experts. However, any inflammation accompanied by an unpleasant odor should be checked as this is not the norm.

Early pregnancy symptom

Puffy and discolored labia are some of the early symptoms of pregnancy. During it, there is an increase in the amount of oxygen supplied to the labia, which leads to swelling, as well as a change in their color.

The labia may change from pink to red or dark purple. In addition to swelling and discoloration, vaginal discharge may also increase. In addition, pregnancy will increase the chances of developing thrush.

During pregnancy

While carrying a child, you may experience various changes in the intimate area – from the appearance of varicose veins to color changes.

Edema is one of many things that can happen.Increasing the amount of blood entering your vagina will make your labia feel swollen. “But you may not have swelling, just a feeling of it, which is not always a bad thing,” says American gynecologist Dr. Bolt.

During this period, some women may have increased sensitivity.

Swelling after oral sex

Salivary vulvitis is a condition of inflammation of the labia after oral sex.This problem was discovered in the sixties by American gynecologists. The discovery came after the widespread popularity of oral sex in the Western world.

The theory for this condition is that the partner’s saliva may in some way irritate the woman’s vulva. The irritation then paves the way for inflammation of the labia, leading to great discomfort.

Common causes of edema of the labia

Yeast infection

Vaginal yeast infections are common causes of swollen labia with vaginal discharge and itching.There must be a balance between healthy bacteria and yeast cells in any healthy vagina. Disruption of this balance leads to the multiplication of the fungus Candida albicans.

Symptoms include:

• Severe itching
• White, curdled discharge
• Redness
• Irritation

Herpes

Genital herpes, a collection of small blisters that then burst

Many pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes simplex virus, can cause itching, redness and swelling.Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can affect the entire intimate area. Seek emergency help if you are sure that the swelling on the labia is caused by an STD.

Early treatment helps stop the spread and infection of others. It will also help soothe any symptoms that may be present.

Sexual intercourse

Swelling may appear after intercourse. The tissue around your vagina tends to be very sensitive.Therefore, any friction that occurs in this area can cause swelling and irritation.

However, the swelling should go away on its own within a short time. You can apply a cold compress to your genitals to help relieve swelling. You can also try using a lubricant to prevent further irritation.

Allergic reaction

Vaginal edema that is not accompanied by any discharge may be caused by an allergic reaction.It, in turn, is caused by the penetration of foreign objects into the vagina, clothing or food. Allergic reactions to medications, condoms, tampons, and semen can also cause the labia to swell.

Swelling and itching

The vagina must contain a variety of bacteria. An imbalance in their quantities will lead to the development of bacterial vaginosis
when unhealthy bacteria outnumber lactobacilli. This can cause a fishy-smelling vaginal discharge.

Vaginitis
is a condition known to cause swelling and itching in the vagina. This is a fairly common occurrence that can affect girls and women of all ages. The condition is most commonly caused by a yeast infection due to the fungus Candida albicans.

Inflammation of the vaginal walls leads to the development of vaginitis. Its types:

1. Non-infectious vaginitis
   – Vaginal inflammation caused by an allergic reaction or chemical irritants.Your vagina can be irritated by douching, fabric softeners, latex condoms, and detergents.
2. Infectious vaginitis
   is attributed to yeast or bacteria. It is transmitted during unprotected intercourse.
3. Atrophic vaginitis develops
   in women who have already reached menopause. It occurs when the level of estrogen in the body decreases, which leads to a thinning of the vaginal wall.

Treatment of inflamed and swollen labia will largely depend on what is causing it.Swelling caused by bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, while thrush can be treated with antifungal drugs. The best home remedies for sore labia include.

Hello, Ekaterina! If, with swelling of the labia, you do not have any other unpleasant symptoms (itching, burning, discharge with an unpleasant odor), then, it seems to me, it’s all about sexual arousal and excessive caresses. Perhaps your boyfriend has been doing it too rudely, or for too long.

Why can the labia be enlarged with sexual arousal? Because in the labia there is a rather pronounced venous plexus and therefore they can increase with sexual arousal. The fact that they do not increase in the same way confirms once again that a person is not symmetrical and sometimes even very strongly not symmetrical.

There are certain diseases and painful conditions in which the labia may swell.

A condition in which the labia (or both) is swollen and sore can be caused by:

1.
You have developed inflammation of the labia, or vulvovaginitis. It occurs for various reasons associated with tissue irritation caused by rubbing the external genitals with linen, irritation from discharge, or infection with dirty hands during masturbation.

Symptoms of vulvovaginitis: itchy, swollen labia and pain when urinating and walking, there is noticeable redness. A foul-smelling, yellowish-green discharge may be present.

2.
Thrush, aka candidiasis. This disease affects the mucous membrane of the labia and vagina. The causative agent of this disease, the yeast-like fungus Candida, is normally a natural inhabitant of the microflora of the vagina and other human organs (gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, excretory system). But if, due to the action of some internal or external factors, the number of Candida microorganisms becomes prevalent in the microflora, candidiasis develops.

Symptoms of thrush: the labia are irritated and sore, after sex and during it there are painful sensations inside the vagina, there is a noticeable reddening of the mucous membrane, discharge appears – leucorrhoea – with a characteristic curdled texture and a sour smell.The affected mucous membrane burns, itches and itches.

3.

If labia pain is concentrated at the opening of the vagina, it may be vulvodynia. However, this difficult to diagnose disease can cover all genitals. Painful sensations are caused by constant inflammation of the nerve endings located in the vulva. This painful condition can be caused by an infectious disease, chronic candidiasis, long-term antibiotic treatment. Determining that this is exactly vulvodynia is rather difficult, diagnosis is complicated by the similarity of symptoms with other diseases.If the diagnosis is inaccurate, a woman can suffer psychological trauma if her disease is diagnosed as an STD, or even unnecessary drug treatment.

Symptoms of vulvodynia: chronic inflammation and soreness in the labia, any touch, whether it is using pads or tampons on menstrual days, cycling, sex, causes severe burning and pain.

4.

Inflammation of the Bartholin glands. Bartholinitis affects a large gland in the vestibule of the vagina, causing swelling and soreness in the labia.Blocked and inflamed Bartholin’s glands are paired organs, one on each of the labia. Bartholinitis interferes with the normal function of the glands – the release of lubricant. Doctors find it difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of the reasons for the development of bartholinitis, its appearance is attributed to the effects of various microorganisms – gonococcus, staphylococci and others.

Symptoms of bartholinitis: mainly with this disease, the labia are sore after sex and during it. Even in the process of increasing sexual arousal, the patient feels a throbbing pain that does not leave her for several hours.Seals can be clearly visible on the labia near the vagina.

5.
Gardnerellosis. One of the varieties of vaginal dysbiosis, caused by the microorganism Gardnerella vaginalis. The main characteristic sign of the occurrence of gardnerellosis is called in the common people “the smell of herring” – discharge in the form of foam or a transparent liquid with the smell of decaying fish. It is caused by the vapors of trimethylamine and cadaverine secreted by anaerobic bacteria.

Symptoms of the disease: itching and pain in the area of ​​the vagina and the entrance to it, discharge from transparent to gray-green, difficulty urinating.

Edema of the labia is a swelling on the external genitals of a woman. Both small and large segments of the organ swell. Swelling of the labia can be caused by various causes, which will be discussed below. A condition such as edema of the labia often occurs in women after childbirth.

The reasons for the swelling of the labia majora and labia minora can be as follows:

1. Swelling of this organ can occur during intercourse. Such edema of the labia minora requires virtually no treatment; it usually goes away on its own within a few hours.This type of edema can also occur on the labia majora. It occurs due to the flow of blood plasma during intercourse. If the swelling does not subside for a long time, a woman should immediately consult a doctor.
2. Fungal infection. Many people know it under the names thrush and candidiasis. This disease is characterized by itching with pain syndrome. This is especially evident during intercourse or when urinating. A distinctive symptom is the appearance of cheesy vaginal discharge.Not only the fairer sex, but also men suffer from this ailment. Both sexual partners need to be treated together, since the fungus passes to a person during intercourse. Infection can occur when wearing someone else’s clothing or using household items. The Candida fungus itself is not dangerous, but it begins to multiply with hormonal disruptions, weakening of immunity, poor nutrition, and wearing underwear made of low-quality synthetics. Often in pregnant women. Initially, itching of the labia occurs during pregnancy, and if a woman constantly scratches these places, then edema will appear.These symptoms can be cured by eliminating the fungal infection.
3. During pregnancy, fat accumulates in the genital area and lower abdomen. This provides the fruit with warmth. Often women mistake these changes for edema. But all this goes away by itself after childbirth. If a woman feels any discomfort, then she should see a gynecologist.

Diseases causing edema on the genitals

There are a number of diseases that lead to swelling of the labia majora and minora:

1. Genital herpes can be spread through intercourse.The risk of contracting this disease increases dramatically with frequent changes in sexual partners or a drop in the level of immunity. The main symptoms of the disease: ulcers and vesicles filled with liquid appear. The patient has fever and itching in the genitals. The skin turns red, edema develops. There may be pain when passing urine. The symptomatology of the disease occurs only during periods of exacerbation and is noticeable for several weeks, and then disappears. In this case, the disease can exist for a long time without any signs.
2. Vulvodynia manifests itself as a pulsating pain. This disease can occur suddenly, torment a woman for a long period, and then suddenly pass. Sometimes, with this ailment, edema appears. The main causes of the disease: infection during intercourse, wearing uncomfortable underwear, various somatic diseases, accidental damage to the nerve endings. Pain syndrome appears with movement or sexual intercourse. We urgently need to go to the doctor, otherwise there may be such inconveniences that a woman will not be able to sit quietly.
3. Vulva doctors call such genitals as the clitoris, hymen, labia, vagina. If an inflammatory process occurs in this area, then it is called vulvitis. The cause of the onset of the disease may be the excessive use of various drugs, for example, antibiotics, the development of allergies, non-compliance with hygiene standards, high humidity in the genitals. The main symptoms of vulvitis: edema, redness of the skin in the affected area, unbearable burning sensation, weakness.
4. Bartholinitis is an inflammation of specific glands located at the base of the vagina. They are called Bartholin. Inflammation can be caused by microorganisms, but the process will accelerate significantly with a genital infection. At the first stage of the disease, an abscess begins on the glands. The skin in this place is red with an unnatural intensity. Edema forms in the affected area.
5. The same situation can be with various chronic ailments of the woman’s genitourinary system.
6. Edema can occur with allergic lesions of the labia.
7. They can be caused by various infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis.

How to heal the edema of the labia

It is practically impossible to cure many of the diseases listed above on your own, as complications may begin with unforeseen results.

In order to remove the edema, in most cases it is necessary to find out the cause of its formation, and this is impossible without examination by a specialist. Therefore, a woman should visit a gynecologist.

If she is diagnosed with a fungal infection (candidiasis, thrush), then it will be necessary to be treated with the help of vaginal suppositories (suppositories) and various drugs that strengthen the immune system.

For vulvodynia, doctors usually prescribe hormonal medications. It is necessary to take into account the fact that if candidiasis (thrush) is not cured in time, it will develop into vulvodynia, characterized by severe painful sensations. Therefore, doctors recommend the use of pain relievers.But in some cases it is necessary to use medications such as antidepressants and antihistamines of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations.

Antibacterial medications are usually used when a woman has bartholinitis.

In some cases, edema can be caused by damage to any of the large systems in the patient, for example, with diseases of the endocrine structures. Then the help of another doctor is needed.

90,000 On the labia she has redness and swelling on one side – Question to the gynecologist

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Dry labia. How to cure dry labia?

Dry labia is a syndrome that can affect any woman. Usually it is diagnosed before menopause, however, patients at a younger age may face such a problem.

Causes of occurrence

Most often, dryness is caused by the following phenomena:

• Decreased estrogen synthesis is most common.This hormone is responsible for optimal moisture and acidity in the vagina, and is disturbed by breastfeeding, ovarian surgery, or chemotherapy.
• Manifestation of individual intolerance to preparations for intimate hygiene, which contain alkaline compounds. The skin and mucous membranes in the groin are very sensitive, with irritation, dryness and severe itching appear. To avoid this effect, you need to carefully choose products for the care of the intimate area, look at the pH level: it is usually indicated on the package.Hypoallergenic additives have an indicator of 4-4.5, they include emollients on a fat basis.
• Regular medication , including drugs that reduce blood pressure, diuretics, antihistamines, for the treatment of the cardiovascular system, antidepressants , a number of other substances. Many of them have a side effect in the form of dryness of the mucous membranes, including in the intimate area.
• Bad habits . So, alcohol abuse and addiction to cigarettes causes a change in the work of the hormonal system, which leads to a decrease in estrogen production and the appearance of dry labia.
• Long-term use of oral contraception .
• Regular douching .

Clinical picture

Dryness may be the only symptom, or it may be accompanied by a number of other manifestations, for example, burning sensation when urinating, severe itching, pain during sexual intercourse, swelling and redness of the outer labia. If a woman complains of itching, it usually gets worse at night. Often, upon examination, the doctor discovers scratches and microcracks on the skin.Through them, an infection can enter the wounds that can cause an inflammatory process.

How to recover?

Most popular methods showing good efficacy on dryness:

• Contour correction is a minimally invasive technique using fillers based on hyaluronic acid. The product moisturizes tissues, reliably relieving dryness for a sufficiently long period (up to a year).
• Laser rejuvenation. This procedure provides a lasting effect for up to 2-3 years.Controlled microdamage stimulates regenerative processes in the treated area, which helps to naturally moisturize the labia.

In order for the risk of unpleasant consequences in the form of dry labia to be reduced to zero, it is necessary to carefully observe the rules of intimate hygiene, adhere to a healthy lifestyle without bad habits, and undergo a gynecological examination in a timely manner. For any disorders of the genital area, a woman should consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

90,000 Why the labia are sore and swollen during pregnancy

Date of publication: 05.04.2019

Pregnancy inevitably entails physical, emotional and hormonal changes in the female body. After conception, a greater volume of blood enters the pelvic region, and the tissues of the pubic region are filled with it to the limit. This often leads to swelling and soreness of the labia. As pregnancy progresses, discomfort may increase due to burning and itching of the perineum.What else can cause inflammation of the genitals? Why are the labia lips swollen, sore and itchy in pregnant women? Let’s deal with the problem!

Causes of pain in the intimate area

During pregnancy, many women notice that the labia have become larger and darker, and the skin has become more sensitive. Doctors consider this to be the norm and even perceive it as an indirect confirmation of pregnancy. However, if pain has been added to the color change and slight swelling, you should not endure it – you need to contact your gynecologist to make the correct diagnosis.

Consider what may cause discomfort and pain in the labia majora and labia minora:

1. Varicose veins , which can be triggered by blood congestion in the small pelvis. It happens in 10% of pregnant women. Women suffering from varicose veins on the labia and inner thighs are advised to wear compression garments and use special ointments prescribed by a phlebologist.

2. Development of infection. One of the most painful manifestations of infection is genital herpes. This viral disease is accompanied by blistering rashes, itching, fever, erosion. Treatment in this case is carried out with antiviral drugs.
3. Vaginal fungus (thrush) is another cause of swelling and itching of the external genital organs.
4. Long-term sitting in one position .
5. Vaginal cyst formation. These cysts often cause painful symptoms. The formations are divided into 2 types: Bartholin cysts that arise on both sides of the labia majora, can reach the size of a walnut, and cysts of the ducts of the glands around the opening of the urethra.

6. Folliculitis is a pathological condition that develops as a result of inflammation of the hair follicle.
7. Blocked sweat glands can cause acne and pain on the labia.This is due to the fact that the woman sweats more during pregnancy. The disease is treated with antibiotics and steroids.
8. Papillomatosis – Genital warts associated with infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) can grow even more during pregnancy.

9. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease characterized by rashes and lumps with a pearly apex.It usually goes away on its own.
10. Injury to the skin of the labia and vaginal walls during intercourse or as a result of excessive care.

How to deal with the problem

The best way to avoid pain and swelling in the genital area is to try to avoid sitting in one position.

In order to improve blood circulation in the small pelvis, pregnant women should rest more often, lying on their left side, moderately move and engage in physical activity – swim, do yoga exercises.This will help to significantly improve blood circulation and strengthen muscles.

Practice good hygiene to prevent infections in the groin area. Wear clean cotton underwear to help your skin breathe freely. Do not wear too tight or synthetic underwear, as this will only increase the discomfort in the affected area.

Eat a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables, and avoid fatty and fried foods. Remember to drink clean water.

Pigmentation of the labia during pregnancy should not be alarming.This feature can appear in the early stages (from six to eight weeks). The skin will definitely return to its usual shade some time after giving birth.

Today, diseases that lead to swelling and soreness of the labia are successfully treated, so if you are worried about the growing pain and swelling in an intimate place, do not delay visiting a specialist!

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90,000 Itching and burning in the intimate area in women: causes and treatment

Itching and burning in the intimate area periodically worries every woman.Discomfort can be caused by pathological and non-medical causes. To eliminate discomfort, you need to visit a doctor, undergo a comprehensive examination.

Contents:

When itching appears in the intimate area, a woman immediately begins to suspect she has some kind of disease. But not always unpleasant sensations arise against the background of genital infections, other pathological conditions. The discomfort can be caused by external factors.

Non-medical reasons

Some habitual actions can provoke the appearance of itching in the intimate area.Exogenous causes of discomfort are easy to eliminate, no special therapy is required.
Safe causes of itching in the intimate area in women:

1. Mechanical damage. Microtraumas of the skin, genital mucosa occur during shaving and depilation, sex. To avoid cracking and irritation, it is necessary to use lubricants, moisturizers before and after hair removal in the intimate area.
2. Underwear made of artificial materials. Synthetics interfere with normal breathing, often rubs the skin.It is enough to choose underwear made from natural materials – cotton, silk to get rid of itching.
3. Violation of hygiene rules. You need to wash the groin area every day, use special hypoallergenic products. Change tampons, panty liners, and sanitary towels every 4 hours.
4. Reaction to intimate care products. Flaky, itchy and dry skin occurs when using products with a high pH level.
5. Ovulation. In the middle of the cycle, the discharge becomes profuse and watery.Due to the high humidity, the labia and groin folds begin to itch. Normally, unpleasant symptoms disappear within a few days.
6. Prolonged intercourse with insufficient natural lubrication.
   There are no other dangerous symptoms if itching is due to non-medical causes. The temperature is normal, there are no uncharacteristic vaginal discharge, rashes, abdominal pain. If such manifestations appear, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist.

Diseases

Most often, burning, irritation in the intimate area occurs against the background of inflammatory and infectious processes.But there are non-infectious pathologies that cause discomfort. Many of them are difficult to diagnose, which leads to the development of complications.

Major diseases:

1. Lichen sclerosus of the vulva or kraurosis. The disease often occurs in women of reproductive age. The reason is dystrophic processes in the mucous membrane. The peculiarity of the disease is constant itching in the intimate area, odorless, the discomfort intensifies at night, after a hot shower and physical exertion.Without timely therapy, tissue sclerosis develops, the external genital organs are deformed.
2. Leukoplakia of the vulva. The clinical picture is in many ways similar to kraurosis. But with kraurosis, atrophic and sclerotic processes are more pronounced. With leukoplakia, pronounced hyperplasia of the epithelium is observed – tissue structures rapidly increase, go beyond the boundaries of organs. But the itching is just as unbearable and debilitating.
3. Climax. Burning sensation, discomfort in the intimate area in women without discharge and odor is one of the main signs of menopause.The reason is hormonal changes, a decrease in the synthesis of estrogen, progesterone. The balance of the vaginal microflora is disturbed, instead of beneficial lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply on the mucous membrane. This leads to the development of vulvovaginitis, vaginitis. Additionally, with menopause, the production of natural lubrication decreases, the regeneration process slows down, the mucous membrane atrophies. All these factors lead to the appearance of unpleasant sensations – dryness, feeling of tightness.
4. Vulvovaginal candidiasis or thrush.The disease develops against the background of active growth of yeast-like fungi, which are classified as opportunistic microorganisms. The main reason is a decrease in the protective functions of the body. Characteristic symptoms are curdled discharge with a sour odor, itching in the perineum, a bolt in the lower abdomen. The unpleasant sensations intensify a few days before or during menstruation.
5. Neuroses, stress, psychogenic diseases. Nervous itching in women is common.
6. Eczema. Severe itching is localized in the area of ​​the pubis, labia, perineum.Reddened areas, cracks, weeping wounds form on the skin, a violation of the integrity of the skin is accompanied by pain syndrome.
7. Itching in the intimate area can be caused by fungal infections of the skin – inguinal candidiasis, epidermophytosis, ringworm. Spots or rashes appear, inflamed tissues turn red and swell, pain in the groin area worries.
8. Bartholinitis – inflammation of the gland, which is located in the thickness of the labia. Soreness and burning sensation occur on one side.The unpleasant sensations intensify when wearing tight underwear, after intercourse. The affected tissue swells, blocking the entrance to the vagina. As the disease progresses, the temperature rises, general weakness worries.
9. Diseases of the genitourinary system – cystitis, urethritis. Signs – burning and pain when urinating, cramps in the lower abdomen. The urine becomes cloudy, has an unpleasant odor, and sometimes blood impurities are present.
10. Oncological pathologies. Itching is not the main symptom, it mainly occurs in the later stages, with the addition of secondary bacterial infections.
    Itching in the genital area may be the first sign of endocrine disorders – diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism. Discomfort occurs due to a malnutrition of the nerve endings. Unpleasant sensations arise with diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Bile acids appear in the blood, which irritate the receptors of the skin, any part of the skin can itch.

Sexual infections

Genital infections are one of the most common causes of discharge and itching in the intimate area.Diseases are accompanied by other signs – pain in the lower abdomen, discomfort when urinating, fever, rashes on the genitals.
Genital infections, most often accompanied by itching:

• Trichomonas colpitis;
• genital herpes;
• mycoplasmosis;
• chlamydia;
• syphilis;
• gonorrhea.

Genital warts are a consequence of infection with the human papillomavirus during intercourse.The disease has a chronic course, exacerbated by a decrease in immunity. Due to frequent trauma, genital warts often degenerate into malignant neoplasms.
If you do not start to treat infectious pathologies in a timely manner, dangerous complications develop. Consequences – endometritis, inflammation of the appendages and fallopian tubes, infertility and miscarriage, violations of intrauterine development of the fetus.

Age changes

With age, atrophic processes of the genitals occur, which leads to the appearance of itching in the intimate zone in women.The skin becomes thinner, the mucous membranes dry out due to a decrease in the amount of secretion.

Pregnancy

Slight itching in the groin area often occurs in pregnant women against the background of hormonal changes in the body, the threshold of sensitivity decreases. Another reason is the exacerbation of candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis due to a natural decrease in immunity.

Allergy

Irritation in the intimate area in women is one of the manifestations of allergic dermatitis. Pathology is accompanied by rashes, redness and swelling of tissues, the nature of the discharge does not change.
Allergic manifestations in the groin area occur with urticaria, eczema, dermatitis.

Pubic lice

Pubic lice or phthiriasis is a parasitic skin disease. It occurs when infected with pubic lice during intercourse. The disease is not considered dangerous, often to get rid of parasites, it is enough to remove pubic hair, in the armpits.
In addition to lice, itching mites and pinworms can provoke itching in the groin area.

To eliminate the burning sensation in the intimate area in women, it is necessary to identify the cause of the discomfort.First you need to visit a gynecologist. After a preliminary examination, anamnesis and initial diagnosis, it may be necessary to consult a venereologist, endocrinologist, infectious disease specialist, allergist, neuropathologist. If necessary, it is necessary to visit an oncologist, nephrologist, hematologist, and other specialized specialists.

Research methods:

1. KhMS – gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Allows you to immediately identify more than 20 pathogens of infectious and inflammatory processes, to determine the state of the balance of the microflora of the vagina and vulva.
2. PCR diagnostics. Method for detecting pathogens of infectious diseases based on RNA and DNA of pathogens.
3. Gynecological smear or bacterioscopy. The study is carried out to assess the composition of microflora, count the number of leukocytes and epithelial cells, diagnose some RRRR. To assess the degree of purity, the ratio of cocci and rod flora is assessed.
4. Extended vulvoscopy, colposcopy using coloring agents. If suspicious formations are detected, a tissue biopsy is done, the biomaterial is sent for histology.
5. Smear for oncocytology and colposcopy. It is prescribed to identify atypical cells.
6. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
7. Clinical and biochemical blood test, Wasserman reaction, blood test for some infections, general urine test.
8. Blood for hormones, sugar level.
9. Analysis of feces for occult blood, coprogram.
10. Tests for the detection of allergens.

Based on the research results, the doctor draws up an accurate clinical picture, makes a diagnosis, and prescribes the appropriate therapy.If sexually transmitted infections are detected, treatment must be passed to both partners.

Itching, burning in the intimate area is a symptom of various diseases, it is impossible to identify the cause on your own. Therefore, you should not self-medicate. Effective drugs and methods of therapy can only be selected by a doctor after examination.
To eliminate itching, medications are prescribed – antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic agents, antibiotics. Means are selected taking into account the type of pathogen.Diet, probiotics and prebiotics will help restore the balance of the vaginal microflora. With age-related changes, hormone replacement therapy is prescribed, moisturizing external agents. Antihistamines help relieve itching.
When genital warts are detected, warts are removed with a laser or radio wave method. Surgical treatment is prescribed for kraurosis and leukoplakia of the vulva, if drug therapy does not help.

To avoid the development of inflammatory processes, irritation in the groin area, you must follow a few simple rules.
Prevention methods:

• observe the rules of intimate hygiene, use products with a neutral pH;
• do not wear tight, synthetic underwear;
• if itching occurs, do not scratch the skin, wash with cool water and consult a doctor;
• thoroughly moisturize the skin after shaving;
• identify and eliminate allergens;
• strengthen immunity – take vitamins, eat right, give up bad habits, do not forget about regular moderate physical activity;
• change sanitary napkins every 4 hours;
• try to avoid stress, psycho-emotional overstrain, hypothermia;
• avoid casual sex, remember to use a condom;
• do not abuse douching;
• visit a gynecologist every 6 months.

Itching and odor in the intimate area is not an independent disease, but a sign of various pathological conditions. Self-medication is dangerous, without proper therapy, diseases become chronic, and dangerous complications develop.

90,000 Penile edema – symptoms and treatment in adults. MC “Health” in Moscow, Southern Administrative District (Warsaw and Annino), Central Administrative District (Krasnopresnenskaya and Rizhskaya).

Penile edema is an alarming symptom that makes visiting a doctor an urgent need.

Why does penile edema occur?

Edema of the penis is most often observed with the following pathologies:

• Sexually transmitted infections
• Inflammatory processes affecting the genitals
• Allergic reactions to various medications, hygiene or contraceptives
• Violations of blood outflow from the penis (for example, with injuries)
• Symptoms of edema of the penis

The main symptom is edema: visible swelling and soreness of the penis.

This is often accompanied by :

• Discoloration of an organ: it acquires a bluish-purple hue
• Redness and itching
• Pain during intercourse
• Burning
• Pain and pain during urination

It is important to understand that the appearance of edema is often the first “wake-up call” for many pathological conditions. Delay is fraught with the development of serious complications – for example, gangrene of the penis.Do not hesitate to seek qualified medical attention.

Treatment of edema of the penis

There are many reasons why the penis can swell, so choosing a course of treatment is a task for specialists. Various tactics are seriously different from each other: if the edema has arisen due to mechanical damage caused, for example, by intercourse, therapeutic manipulations consist in baths and abstinence from sexual intercourse. If inflammation has led to swelling, it is necessary to use medications, and there is a serious risk that surgical intervention will be required.