What are the common causes of leg and foot pain. How can leg and foot pain be accurately diagnosed. What are effective treatment approaches for leg and foot pain.

Common Spinal Causes of Leg and Foot Pain

Leg and foot pain often originate from problems in the lower spine. These issues can affect spinal nerve roots, causing pain to radiate into the leg and/or foot, a condition known as radiculopathy. Some common spinal causes include:

• Herniated discs
• Spinal stenosis
• Degenerative disc disease
• Spondylolisthesis

Herniated discs occur when the inner contents of an intervertebral disc bulge or leak out. This can put pressure on nearby nerves, leading to pain and other symptoms in the legs and feet. Spinal stenosis, on the other hand, involves the narrowing of the small bony openings (foramina) through which spinal nerves pass. This narrowing can compress nerves, resulting in leg and foot pain.

Degenerative changes in the spine, such as those associated with aging or arthritis, can also contribute to leg and foot pain. These changes may affect discs, vertebrae, or facet joints. Spondylolisthesis, a condition where one vertebra slips forward or backward over the adjacent vertebra, can likewise cause nerve compression and subsequent leg pain.

Vascular Conditions Causing Leg Pain

Blood vessel problems in the legs can lead to significant pain and discomfort. Three primary vascular conditions associated with leg pain are:

1. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
2. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
3. Superficial thrombophlebitis

Peripheral artery disease results from blocked arteries, reducing blood circulation to the legs. This decreased blood flow can cause pain, especially during physical activity. Deep vein thrombosis involves blood clots forming in the deep veins of the leg, potentially altering blood flow and causing pain and swelling. Superficial thrombophlebitis, characterized by blood clots in the superficial veins, can lead to the formation of varicose veins or spider veins beneath the skin surface, often accompanied by pain and inflammation.

Ruptured Blood Vessels and Leg Pain

In some cases, blood vessels may rupture, causing bleeding within the leg’s tissue spaces. This can result in acute pain and swelling, requiring prompt medical attention.

Pelvic and Hip Conditions Contributing to Leg Pain

Pain originating in the joints or muscles of the pelvis and hip can often be referred to the legs. Common conditions in this category include:

• Piriformis syndrome
• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
• Hip osteoarthritis
• Trochanteric bursitis

Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle in the pelvis spasms, potentially compressing the sciatic nerve and causing leg pain. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction, characterized by abnormal motion or misalignment of the sacroiliac joint, can also lead to leg pain. Hip osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition affecting the hip joint, and trochanteric bursitis, involving inflammation of a fluid-filled sac on the side of the hip, are additional potential sources of leg pain.

Neurological Causes of Leg Pain

Certain medical conditions can damage peripheral nerves in the leg, resulting in pain and other symptoms. Some common neurological causes of leg pain include:

• Diabetic neuropathy
• Sciatica
• Peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause nerve damage, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the legs and feet. Sciatica, often caused by a compressed or irritated sciatic nerve, can result in pain radiating from the lower back down the leg. Peripheral neuropathy, which can have various causes including vitamin deficiencies, alcoholism, and certain medications, may also contribute to leg pain.

Rare Autoimmune Conditions

In rare cases, autoimmune conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome can cause leg pain. In this condition, the body’s immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, potentially leading to weakness, numbness, and pain in the legs and other parts of the body.

Accurate Diagnosis of Leg and Foot Pain

Diagnosing the underlying cause of leg and foot pain typically involves a comprehensive approach, including:

1. Detailed medical history
2. Physical examination
3. Diagnostic imaging
4. Laboratory tests

During the medical history, healthcare providers gather information about the nature, duration, and intensity of the pain, as well as any associated symptoms or triggering factors. The physical examination may include assessing range of motion, checking for areas of tenderness or swelling, and performing specific tests to evaluate nerve function and circulation.

Diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans can help visualize structures in the legs, feet, and spine to identify potential causes of pain. In some cases, ultrasound may be used to assess blood flow or soft tissue abnormalities. Laboratory tests, including blood work, can help detect underlying conditions such as infections, inflammatory disorders, or metabolic issues that may contribute to leg and foot pain.

Specialized Diagnostic Procedures

In certain situations, specialized diagnostic procedures may be necessary. These can include:

• Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies
• Angiography
• Bone scans

EMG and nerve conduction studies can help assess nerve function and identify potential nerve compression or damage. Angiography may be used to evaluate blood vessel health and circulation in cases of suspected vascular issues. Bone scans can detect areas of increased bone metabolism, which may indicate fractures, infections, or tumors.

Treatment Approaches for Leg and Foot Pain

Treatment for leg and foot pain varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Common treatment approaches include:

1. Conservative measures
2. Medications
3. Physical therapy
4. Interventional procedures
5. Surgery

Conservative measures often form the first line of treatment and may include rest, ice or heat application, and activity modification. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or nerve pain medications may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation.

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in many treatment plans, helping to improve strength, flexibility, and overall function. Therapists may employ various techniques, including exercises, manual therapy, and modalities like ultrasound or electrical stimulation.

Interventional Procedures and Surgery

For more severe or persistent cases, interventional procedures may be considered. These can include:

• Epidural steroid injections
• Nerve blocks
• Radiofrequency ablation

In cases where conservative measures and interventional procedures fail to provide adequate relief, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options vary depending on the underlying cause and may include procedures such as disc herniation repair, spinal fusion, or vascular surgery.

Lifestyle Modifications and Prevention Strategies

Preventing leg and foot pain often involves adopting healthy lifestyle habits and addressing risk factors. Some key strategies include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular exercise and stretching
• Proper footwear
• Ergonomic workplace adjustments
• Smoking cessation

Regular exercise helps maintain muscle strength and flexibility, reducing the risk of injuries and pain. Proper footwear provides adequate support and can help prevent various foot and leg problems. Ergonomic adjustments in the workplace, such as using a supportive chair or standing desk, can help reduce strain on the legs and back.

Managing Underlying Health Conditions

Effectively managing underlying health conditions that can contribute to leg and foot pain is crucial. This may include:

• Controlling blood sugar levels in diabetes
• Managing high blood pressure and cholesterol
• Treating varicose veins
• Addressing vitamin deficiencies

By addressing these underlying factors, individuals can reduce their risk of developing leg and foot pain and improve overall health outcomes.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Leg and Foot Pain

While some cases of leg and foot pain can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention. These include:

• Sudden, severe pain
• Swelling, redness, or warmth in the leg
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight
• Numbness or tingling that doesn’t resolve
• Signs of infection, such as fever or chills

If leg or foot pain is accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or other signs of a possible blood clot or cardiovascular issue, immediate medical care should be sought.

Monitoring Chronic Leg and Foot Pain

For individuals with chronic leg and foot pain, regular follow-up with healthcare providers is important. This allows for ongoing assessment of the condition and adjustment of treatment plans as needed. Keeping a pain diary can be helpful in tracking symptoms and identifying potential triggers or patterns.

By understanding the various causes of leg and foot pain, seeking appropriate diagnosis, and following recommended treatment approaches, individuals can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Regular communication with healthcare providers and a proactive approach to overall health and wellness are key components in addressing leg and foot pain.

Causes of Leg Pain and Foot Pain

Leg pain and foot pain vary in type and severity and typically depend on a person’s lifestyle and associated medical problems.

¹
Brewer RB, Gregory AJ. Chronic lower leg pain in athletes: a guide for the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Sports Health. 2012;4(2):121–127. doi:10.1177/1941738111426115
In addition to leg pathology, leg pain may be caused by a condition affecting the lower back, hip, or pelvic region. The type of pain may differ based on the underlying cause.

Some conditions in the lower back can cause pain and other symptoms to radiate into the leg and/or foot, which may be termed as sciatica. Watch Sciatica Causes and Symptoms Video

This article provides a guide to the potential causes, specific diagnostic procedures, and the different types of treatment approaches available for leg and foot pain.

Spinal Causes of Leg Pain

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8 Causes of Leg Pain Infographic

in our Infographic Center.

View this

8 Causes of Leg Pain Infographic

in our Infographic Center.

Problems in the lower spine may affect the spinal nerve roots, causing pain to radiate into the leg and/or foot (radiculopathy). Common causes of leg and foot pain that originate in the spine include:

• Herniated discs: Bulging or leaking out of an intervertebral disc’s inner contents (nucleus pulposus).

  See Lumbar Herniated Disc: What You Should Know

• Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the small bony openings (foramina) for spinal nerves.

  See Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

• Degeneration: Arthritic or age-related changes in a disc, vertebral bone, or vertebral facet joint.

  See Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)

• Spondylolisthesis: Forward or backward slipping of a vertebra over the next lower vertebra.

  See Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Compression of the spinal cord in the neck and/or cauda equina in the lower back can also cause leg pain.

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Blood Vessel Causes of Leg Pain

The arteries and/or veins in the legs may get inflamed or blocked, causing leg and foot pain. Common causes include:

• Peripheral artery disease: Decreased circulation caused due to blocked arteries.

  ²
  Zemaitis MR, Bah F, Dreyer MA. Peripheral Arterial Disease. [Updated 2019 May 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430745/

• Deep vein thrombosis: Blood clot in the deep vein(s) of the leg causing decreased or altered blood flow.

  ³
  Stone J, Hangge P, Albadawi H, et al. Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(Suppl 3):S276–S284. doi:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.01

• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Blood clots in the superficial veins of the leg causing varicose veins or spider veins to form underneath the skin surface.

  ⁴
  Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2(2):CD004982. Published 2018 Feb 25. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6

Blood vessels may also get ruptured and cause bleeding within the tissue spaces of the leg, causing acute pain and swelling.

In This Article:

• Causes of Leg Pain and Foot Pain

• Accurately Diagnosing Leg Pain

• Treatment Approaches for Leg Pain

• Causes of Leg Pain Video

Pain from the joints and/or muscles of the pelvis and hip may be referred into the legs. Common causes include:

• Piriformis syndrome: Spasm of the piriformis muscle in the pelvis impinging the sciatic nerve.

  See What Is Piriformis Syndrome?

• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction: Abnormal motion or malalignment of the sacroiliac joint.

  See Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SI Joint Pain)

• Hip osteoarthritis: Wear-and-tear arthritis of the hip joint.

  Read about Hip Osteoarthritis on Arthritis-health.com

• Trochanteric bursitis: Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac (bursa) on the side of the hip.

  Read about Hip Bursitis on Arthritis-health.com

Pelvic bone fractures or other hip joint problems due to trauma, overuse, or degeneration may also cause leg pain.

Leg Pain due to Nerve Damage

Certain medical conditions may cause damage to the peripheral nerves in the leg. Common causes are:

Rarely, autoimmune conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, where the body’s immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system may cause leg pain.

⁵
Grimm BD, Blessinger BJ, Darden BV, Brigham CD, Kneisl JS, Laxer EB. Mimickers of Lumbar Radiculopathy. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2015;23(1):7-17. doi:10.5435/jaaos-23-01-7

Nutritional Causes of Leg Pain

Deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals may cause damage to the peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) resulting in leg pain and/or weakness. Typical nutrient deficiencies include

⁷
Staff NP, Windebank AJ. Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014;20(5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders):1293–1306. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a
:

• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B6
• Copper

Excessive intake of alcohol and heavy metals, such as arsenic, thallium, or mercury may also cause peripheral nerve damage and pain in the legs.

Causes of Foot Pain and Numbness

Certain conditions may cause pain and/or numbness in the foot with or without leg pain. Foot pain commonly occurs in:

Severe foot weakness can cause foot drop (inability to lift the foot off the ground).

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Risk Factors for Leg Pain

A few risk factors associated with leg and foot pain include:

• Advanced age
• Genetics
• Poor posture
• Occupations, such as heavy labor, sports, or military service

While the listed causes and risk factors are not comprehensive, one or more of these conditions are typically associated with leg and foot pain.

Read more: Leg Pain and Numbness: What Might These Symptoms Mean?

Several causes of leg pain can produce overlapping signs and symptoms. It is important to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of leg pain in order to effectively treat the condition as well as rule out serious problems, such as tumors, infections, or nerve damage.

Dr. Adaku Nwachuku is a physiatrist with Privium Consultants, where she specializes in treating musculoskeletal and spine pain. Dr. Nwachuku has been published in the Oxford Handbook of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation as well as in several medical journals. She also coordinates and participates in medical missions to Nigeria.

• 1
  Brewer RB, Gregory AJ. Chronic lower leg pain in athletes: a guide for the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Sports Health. 2012;4(2):121–127. doi:10.1177/1941738111426115
• 2
  Zemaitis MR, Bah F, Dreyer MA. Peripheral Arterial Disease. [Updated 2019 May 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430745/
• 3
  Stone J, Hangge P, Albadawi H, et al. Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(Suppl 3):S276–S284. doi:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.01
• 4
  Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2(2):CD004982. Published 2018 Feb 25. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6
• 5
  Grimm BD, Blessinger BJ, Darden BV, Brigham CD, Kneisl JS, Laxer EB. Mimickers of Lumbar Radiculopathy. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2015;23(1):7-17. doi:10.5435/jaaos-23-01-7
• 6
  Hanewinckel R, Ikram MA, Van Doorn PA. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Neuroepidemiology. Elsevier; 2016:263-282. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802973-2.00015-x
• 7
  Staff NP, Windebank AJ. Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014;20(5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders):1293–1306. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a
• 8
  Kiel J, Kaiser K. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome. [Updated 2019 Feb 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513273/
• 9
  Poage C, Roth C, Scott B. Peroneal Nerve Palsy. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2016;24(1):1-10. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00420
• 10
  Brewer RB, Gregory AJ. Chronic lower leg pain in athletes: a guide for the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Sports Health. 2012;4(2):121–127. doi:10.1177/1941738111426115

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Underlying Causes of Leg Pain & Foot Pain

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This blog is excerpted from a Spine-Health article by Adaku Nwachuku, DO on January 23, 2020.

Leg pain and foot pain vary in type and severity and typically depend on a person’s lifestyle and associated medical problems. In addition to leg pathology, leg pain may be caused by a condition affecting the lower back, hip, or pelvic region. The type of pain may differ based on the underlying cause.

Spinal Causes of Leg Pain

Problems in the lower spine may affect the spinal nerve roots, causing pain to radiate into the leg and/or foot (radiculopathy). Common causes of leg and foot pain that originate in the spine include:

• Herniated discs: Bulging or leaking out of an intervertebral disc’s inner contents (nucleus pulposus).
• Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the small bony openings (foramina) for spinal nerves.
• Degeneration: Arthritic or age-related changes in a disc, vertebral bone, or vertebral facet joint.
• Spondylolisthesis: Forward or backward slipping of a vertebra over the next lower vertebra.

Compression of the spinal cord in the neck and/or cauda equina in the lower back can also cause leg pain.

Blood Vessel Causes of Leg Pain

The arteries and/or veins in the legs may get inflamed or blocked, causing leg and foot pain. Common causes include:

• Peripheral artery disease: Decreased circulation caused due to blocked arteries.
• Deep vein thrombosis: Blood clot in the deep vein(s) of the leg causing decreased or altered blood flow.
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Blood clots in the superficial veins of the leg causing varicose veins or spider veins to form underneath the skin surface.

Blood vessels may also get ruptured and cause bleeding within the tissue spaces of the leg, causing acute pain and swelling.

Pelvis and Hip Related Causes of Leg Pain

Pain from the joints and/or muscles of the pelvis and hip may be referred into the legs. Common causes include:

• Piriformis syndrome: Spasm of the piriformis muscle in the pelvis impinging the sciatic nerve.
• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction: Abnormal motion or malalignment of the sacroiliac joint.
• Hip osteoarthritis: Wear-and-tear arthritis of the hip joint.
• Trochanteric bursitis: Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac (bursa) on the side of the hip.

Pelvic bone fractures or other hip joint problems due to trauma, overuse, or degeneration may also cause leg pain.

Leg Pain due to Nerve Damage

Certain medical conditions may cause damage to the peripheral nerves in the leg. Common causes are:

• Metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism.
• Infections, such as bacterial infection of the vertebral bone and disc, epidural abscess (accumulation of pus in the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord), herpes zoster, HIV, and/or Lyme disease.

Rarely, autoimmune conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, where the body’s immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system may cause leg pain.

Nutritional Causes of Leg Pain

Deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals may cause damage to the peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) resulting in leg pain and/or weakness. Typical nutrient deficiencies include:

• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B6
• Copper

Excessive intake of alcohol and heavy metals, such as arsenic, thallium, or mercury may also cause peripheral nerve damage and pain in the legs.

Causes of Foot Pain and Numbness

Certain conditions may cause pain and/or numbness in the foot with or without leg pain. Foot pain commonly occurs in:

• Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the tibial nerve due to trauma, swelling, poorly fitting shoes, tendon problems, or enlarged arteries or veins.
• Peroneal neuropathy: Compression of the peroneal nerve due to trauma, tumors, or other systemic conditions.
• Sural nerve entrapment: Compression of the sural nerve due to tumors, scar tissue, or from wearing tight ski boots.
• L5 and/or S1 radiculopathy: Compression of the L5 or S1 nerve roots in the lower back.

Severe foot weakness can cause foot drop (inability to lift the foot off the ground).

Risk Factors for Leg and Foot Pain

A few risk factors associated with leg and foot pain include:

• Advanced age
• Genetics
• Poor posture
• Occupations, such as heavy labor, sports, or military service

While the listed causes and risk factors are not comprehensive, one or more of these conditions are typically associated with leg and foot pain. Several causes of leg pain can produce overlapping signs and symptoms. It is important to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of leg pain in order to effectively treat the condition as well as rule out serious problems, such as tumors, infections, or nerve damage.

It is important to seek medical attention immediately if serious leg and foot symptoms develop. If hip-related and blood vessel issues have been eliminated from your diagnosis, the Bonati Spine Institute has patented procedures to eliminate leg and foot pain, numbness, and other debilitating symptoms, due to spinal causes. In the 35 years we have been open, we have performed over 70,000 outpatient procedures WITHOUT the use of hardware or devices being permanently inserted into the spine. Guests have, and can, feel relief immediately after surgery! If you’d like for us to take a look at your case and verify if our Bonati Spine Procedures can help you, please call us at 855-267-0482 or complete our online contact form here and an advocate will reach out to you directly to discuss your case.

Read the full Spine-Health article here: https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/leg-pain/causes-leg-pain-and-foot-pain

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Pain in the foot – the causes of occurrence, in what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment

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Pain in the foot: the causes of occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Definition

The foot consists of 26 bones, which, connecting with each other, form several joints, held together by numerous elastic muscles and strong ligaments. The entire weight of the human body lies on it, so pain in the foot causes not only discomfort, but in many cases limits motor activity.

Foot pain is a common symptom that can have many causes.

In some cases, when collecting an anamnesis, the doctor is satisfied with such characteristics of foot pain as its localization and conditions of occurrence, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases and other symptoms that accompany this pain (numbness of the foot, itching of the skin, etc.). In others, the search for the cause of pain requires a thorough laboratory and instrumental examination.

Varieties of pain in the foot

According to the duration they are distinguished:0024 pain in the foot – this phenomenon is most often associated with injuries – bone fractures, torn or sprained ligaments, severe bruising.

Distinguish by localization:

1. Diffuse pain – captures the entire foot.
2. Local pain – clearly limited to a specific area.

Possible causes of foot pain

One of the main causes of pain is traumatic injuries of the foot (bruises, sprains, bone fractures). With fractures, the pain is sharp, there is a rapid increase in edema. In many cases, the support function of the foot is lost. Bruises and sprains are characterized by moderate pain, swelling and bruising. The support is preserved, sometimes limited.

The next cause is inflammatory processes affecting the joints of the foot. These include gout, chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout), rheumatoid arthritis.

Gout is a disease resulting from a disorder in the metabolism of uric acid. The deposition of uric acid salts in the joints is called gouty arthritis. With this disease, the first metatarsophalangeal joint is most often affected, which is manifested by a severe attack of pain, redness of this joint, swelling, and fever. Usually, an exacerbation of gouty arthritis lasts 6-7 days.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease that affects the joints of the feet and hands. Characterized by morning stiffness and pain in the hands and feet.

Pain in the foot may be a symptom of pathology of bone structures . In this case, we can talk about such diseases as osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, metatarsal head bursitis, etc.

Osteomyelitis can be the result of open fractures, infected wounds, surgical interventions on the foot. It is manifested by an increase in pain, a deterioration in the general condition. The pain is throbbing, bursting, aggravated by any movement.

In osteoporosis, the strength of bone tissue is impaired due to a decrease in bone density. This condition is facilitated by hormonal changes in women during menopause and during pregnancy, some endocrine diseases, insufficient intake of calcium and phosphorus from the outside, as well as excessive stress on the musculoskeletal system.

Pain in the feet with this disease is permanent, aggravated by movement.

Bursitis of the heads of the metatarsal bones is a change in the articular bags of the joints of the foot, associated with their increased trauma due to age-related thinning of the fatty layers protecting them. Manifested by the appearance of painful “bumps” in the projection of the joints of the feet.

diseases of the ligament apparatus of the foot with pain include, for example, plantar fasciitis. The calcaneal fascia is a plate of connective tissue that starts from the calcaneus and ends at the attachment to the heads of the metatarsal bones. With increased loads, overweight, flat feet, the fascia is stretched and injured, which causes the development of inflammation in it. This condition is called plantar fasciitis and is manifested by pain in the instep of the foot and along its sides.

A distinctive feature of this disease is also that the pain occurs in the morning, after a night’s rest, increases with exercise, and in some situations can lead to lameness.

The condition when the fascia ossifies at the place of its attachment to the calcaneus and there is severe pain in the heel when walking is called a heel spur.

Pain in the feet may be caused by diabetes mellitus – a disease in which blood vessels of the microvasculature also suffer due to impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetic osteoarthropathy (a type of diabetic foot) primarily affects the metatarsal joints. Pain in the feet is not intense at first, but as the pathological process develops, it becomes prolonged, appears even at rest, and a gross deformity of the feet is formed.

In the neuropathic form of the diabetic foot, zones with hyperkeratosis are formed, in their place painful ulcers and cracks form.

The ischemic form of the diabetic foot is characterized by pain when walking, persistent swelling of the feet, weakening of the pulsation of the arteries.

Diabetic foot with the development of gangrene, along with obliterating atherosclerosis and endarteritis, is one of the most serious complications in diabetes mellitus.

Flat feet is characterized by a change in the shape of the arch of the foot, which leads both to a redistribution of the load on the bones and muscles of the foot, and to squeezing of the vessels and nerves passing in that part of the sole, which normally does not participate in the act of walking. The reasons for the development of flat feet include rickets suffered in childhood, wearing improperly selected uncomfortable shoes, weightlifting, congenital weakness of the connective tissue, congenital difference in leg length, etc.

Inflammatory processes in the soft tissues of the foot also cause pain. If an infection enters small wounds during a pedicure or trauma to the skin of the toes, panaritium (purulent inflammation of the periungual tissues) may develop.

Panaritium is characterized by shooting pain in the affected finger, disturbing sleep, discharge of pus from the wound, redness and swelling of the finger.

An ingrown nail (onychocryptosis) is an ingrowth of the nail plate into the lateral edge of the nail fold. This condition is manifested by twitching pain in the affected finger, swelling; possible complication in the form of infection.

Which doctors to contact for foot pain

Pain in the foot brings significant discomfort and often makes it difficult to move around, so you should decide in advance which doctor to contact in order to avoid long standing in lines and unnecessary trips to the clinic. As a rule, an orthopedist is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people with deforming or traumatic lesions of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments of the musculoskeletal system. However, patients with diabetes should first make an appointment with
endocrinologist, and with vascular problems – to a phlebologist. Rheumatologists are engaged in the treatment of diseases associated with chronic lesions of the connective tissue. A traumatologist consults patients with foot injuries. If symptoms appear that resemble the clinic of an ingrown nail, osteomyelitis or panaritium, it is necessary to consult a surgeon.

In most cases, care can be provided on an outpatient basis, but sometimes hospitalization is required.

Diagnostics and examinations for foot pain

The diagnosis of “Osteoporosis” is made on the basis of X-ray of the bones and data from blood tests for the content of calcium, phosphorus and other necessary indicators. X-ray of the bones of the foot

X-ray examination of the foot in two projections allows diagnosing injuries and other pathological changes, including flat feet.

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It is also possible to determine the genetic predisposition to the development of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis: full panel

Genetic risk factors for osteoporosis. Analysis of the presence of polymorphisms in the alpha-1 genes of the collagen type 1 protein chain and the calcitonin receptor. Polymorph analysis…

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Changes in the hormonal background of a woman, leading to the development of osteoporosis, require the determination of the level of hormones (estrogen, testosterone, thyroid hormones, etc.).

Progesterone

Synonyms: Progestin; Gestagen. P4; Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.

Brief description of the analyte Progesterone

Progesterone is produced in the ovaries and in a small cell…

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705 RUB

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Testosterone

Testosterone is the main androgenic hormone. The test is used in the diagnosis of disorders of sexual development and hypogonadism in men; cycle disorders, infertility, virili…

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715 RUB

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Plantar fasciitis is diagnosed by X-ray of the foot, in some cases, this study is carried out with a load.

X-ray of the bones of the foot

X-ray examination of the foot in two projections allows diagnosing injuries and other pathological changes, including flat feet.

RUB 2,390

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Loaded foot x-ray

Loaded foot x-ray allows you to determine the degree of flat feet.

RUB 2,390

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In diabetes mellitus, in addition to blood glucose levels, it is necessary to monitor glycated hemoglobin once every 3 months in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.

Glucose (in the blood) (Glucose)

Research material

Serum or blood plasma. If it is not possible to centrifuge the sample 30 minutes after collection for serum/plasma separation…

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335 RUB

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Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1С, Glycated Hemoglobin)

Synonyms: Blood test for glycated hemoglobin. Glycohemoglobin; HbA1c; Hemoglobin A1c; A1c; HgbA1c; Hb1c.

Brief characteristics of the analyte Glycated hemo…

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820 RUB

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Endocrinological screenings have been developed for the convenience of patients. In addition, ultrasound of the vessels of the lower extremities is shown to determine the degree of their damage in diabetes mellitus, obliterating endarteritis or atherosclerosis.

Diabetes management: advanced

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RUB 5 820

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Ultrasound of the arteries of the lower extremities (doppler)

Ultrasound scanning necessary to monitor the condition of the arteries of the lower extremities in order to assess the blood supply to the extremities.

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To confirm the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, a blood test and radiography of the feet and hands are prescribed.

X-ray of the bones of the foot

X-ray examination of the foot in two projections allows diagnosing injuries and other pathological changes, including flat feet.

RUB 2,390

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X-ray of hand bones

X-ray examination of the bones of the hand is intended for the diagnosis of traumatic injuries, pathological changes, as well as the assessment of bone development…

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To verify gout, it is necessary to assess the level of uric acid in the blood, take a general blood and urine test, perform an X-ray of the feet, ultrasound and CT of the joints of the affected area.

Uric acid (in the blood)

The study of uric acid is used in the diagnosis and control of the treatment of gout, the assessment of the risk of urolithiasis.

Synonyms: Blood test for urinary…

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370 RUB

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Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
Brief description of the study CBC: general a…

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General urinalysis (Urine analysis with sediment microscopy)

Method of determination

Determination of physical and chemical parameters is carried out on an automatic analyzer using the “dry chemistry” method.

Hardware microscope…

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410 RUB

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X-ray of the bones of the foot

X-ray examination of the foot in two projections allows diagnosing injuries and other pathological changes, including flat feet.

RUB 2,390

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Ultrasound of large joints (1 zone)

Ultrasound scanning of the structure of large joints and determination of their functional activity.

RUB 2,790

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CT scan of the bones of the foot (one foot)

Examination of the structures of the foot for the diagnosis of osteoarticular pathologies.

RUB 4,290

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What to do with foot pain

Aching and pulling pain in the feet can occur after a workout, a long walk or wearing uncomfortable shoes. In these cases, the pain resolves on its own and does not require medical attention.

If the pain syndrome does not go away and all the more intensifies, you should consult a doctor.

Treatment of pain in the foot

In bursitis of the metatarsal heads, rheumatoid arthritis, local remedies, intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory painkillers can be used to relieve pain. To correct the exchange of purines in gout, drugs are prescribed that reduce the concentration of uric acid. The selection of the dosage and the choice of the drug is carried out exclusively by a specialist.

Diabetes mellitus therapy is complex in nature, where the main task is to maintain glucose levels within the normal range.

Felon and ingrown toenails are corrected with simple surgical manipulations, usually on an outpatient basis.

Sources:

1. Urology. Russian clinical guidelines. – Geotar-Media, Moscow, 2016. 496 p.
2. Clinical guidelines “Rheumatoid arthritis”. Developed by: Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, Russian Rheumatological Association “Nadezhda”. – 2021.
3. Clinical guidelines “Osteoporosis”. Developed by: Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association for Osteoporosis, Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, Association of Traumatologists-Orthopedists of Russia, Association of Gynecologists-Endocrinologists of Russia, Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians. – 2021.
4. Clinical guidelines “Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.” Developed by: Russian Association of Endocrinologists. – 2019.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

Pain in the foot [how to treat, causes and what to do when the feet hurt]

Pain in the foot when stepping on the foot? Do not worry! We will take a detailed look at all the causes of foot and heel pain, and also tell you how to treat it.

The human foot has two important tasks: to withstand increased loads and to provide the necessary cushioning during movement. That is why it is so important to maintain a healthy state of this part of the body, and if pain occurs, consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Often foot pain occurs not due to overload while running or walking, but due to the presence of certain diseases or injuries, which requires a qualified specialist approach.

The Health Plus Medical Center employs experienced staff who know the structure of the lower extremities perfectly, are ready to quickly determine the cause of discomfort, make an accurate diagnosis and develop the right treatment tactics. In addition, we use high-quality Swiss equipment in our activities, which significantly increases the chances of a positive result, and set loyal prices for services. Turning to our clinic, each patient can count on a quick relief from pain inside and outside the foot and a complete restoration of its functions.

This article will focus on diseases of the bones and ligaments of the lower extremities. You will learn what to do if your foot hurts, and you will be able to get acquainted with the most effective methods of treatment.

1. How is foot bursitis treated?

2. Plantar fasciitis: main signs and treatment procedures

3. Peculiarities of elimination of flat feet

4. What is ligamentitis disease?

5. Ways to combat osteoporosis

6. What measures should be taken in case of ligament injury?

7. Arthritis of the foot: what is the most effective treatment method?

8. Arthrosis of the foot: methods of treatment

9. Sore feet: what to do and how to treat the disease?

How is foot bursitis treated?

One of
The most common and unpleasant pathological process is bursitis.
This disease develops against the background of regular injury to the joint and leads to
accumulation of fluid in the synovium
bag.

Symptoms
this disease includes the following unpleasant manifestations:

• General weakness and malaise;
• Increased body temperature;
• Pain in the foot, aggravated by walking;
• Increased blood filling of vessels;
• Swelling in the joint area;
• Decreased physical activity.

That is, if a person feels pain in the foot when stepping on the foot or notes other symptoms mentioned above, it is possible to judge the presence of bursitis and the need for immediate treatment.

In most cases, to get rid of this disease, special medications are used, physiotherapy procedures or surgical operations are performed. Such activities are carried out in order to reduce pain in the foot, eliminate inflammatory foci in the oco-articular bag and improve regenerative processes in tissues.

However, shock wave therapy is considered the most effective and safe for the human body, which avoids surgical intervention and guarantees the patient a complete recovery.

This technique uses sound waves of a specific frequency. With the help of it, it is possible to eliminate puffiness in the shortest period, stop pain in the foot when attacked, improve the functioning of the lymphatic system and remove unnecessary fluid from the body. Also among the advantages of the procedure are: strengthening of immunity, normalization of metabolic processes, tissue regeneration and elimination of the main cause of the pathology – salt deposits. The effect of SWT can be felt immediately after the first session. At the same time, patients experience severe pain in the foot and swelling decreases. However, the most effective result can be achieved with an integrated approach to the problem, if the effect of acoustic waves alternates with other therapeutic measures.

Plantar fasciitis: main signs and treatment procedures

Another disease in which the feet hurt is plantar fasciitis. This is an inflammatory process localized in the area of ​​the ligament lining the inside of the plantar fossa. As a rule, this pathology occurs in overweight women, as well as in people suffering from flat feet, or involved in heavy sports. One of the symptoms of this disease is a sharp pain in the foot, which occurs when the load on the legs increases.

Also, to the number
characteristic signs of pathology include:

• The appearance of swelling in the area of ​​the plantar fascia;
• Pain in the foot when stepping on the foot in the morning and during sports;
• Discomfort in the heel after prolonged sitting or standing.

To date, there are several methods for eliminating plantar fasciitis. Firstly, experts recommend using special insoles that make it easier to walk. The use of night tires also gives good results. To stretch the muscles, it is advisable to resort to the help of gymnastic exercises.

If the patient has a severe form of the disease, characterized by the presence of a heel spur, shock wave therapy helps to achieve the desired effect. In the process of exposure to sound waves of a certain frequency, growths are destroyed with simultaneous regeneration of nearby tissues.

Also in number
positive aspects of this procedure include:

• Improvement of blood flow in capillaries, venules and arterioles;
• Restoration of metabolic processes in the area of ​​the sole;
• Scar resorption;

Relieve foot pain and inflammation.

Read more about plantar (plantar) fasciitis >>

Peculiarities of eliminating flat feet

Flat feet is a pathology associated with flattening of the transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot, which negatively affects its depreciation properties and increases the load on the spinal column and joints.

Make
the following symptoms allow the conclusion about the presence of such an ailment:

• Rapid wear on the inside of the shoe;
• The appearance of severe fatigue during long walks, working in a standing position, wearing shoes with heels;
• Occurrence of pain in the lower extremities and lumbar spine;
• At the end of a working day, a person’s legs swell and the sole of the foot hurts;
• The base of the thumb begins to protrude.

To exclude the possibility of severe spinal injuries and prevent the need for surgery, it is better to consult a specialist in advance. Along with massage and wearing orthopedic shoes, a UVT course gives an excellent result.

Thanks
exposure to acoustic waves, the patient can count on a number of positive
effects. These include:

• Elimination of pain;
• Strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the foot;
• Improvement of blood circulation in damaged tissues;
• Restoration of metabolic processes;
• Loosening of calcic deposits;
• Restoration of mobility in the lower extremities.

Read more about the treatment of flat feet in adults >>

What is the disease ligamentitis?

This disease is inflammatory and usually affects the upper and lower extremities. However, most often, this pathology affects the feet, due to the increased risk of injury. With advanced forms of the disease, the ligaments lose their elasticity, and the patient experiences severe discomfort in the legs. His fingers go numb, and sharp pains appear in the foot when walking, which requires an immediate clarification of the cause and the appointment of adequate treatment. In the chronic form, pulling and aching pain may occur in the feet.

For therapeutic purposes, an orthopedist can prescribe both conservative and surgical measures, depending on the severity of the pathology. In this case, anesthetic ointments are often used, electrophoresis is performed and paraffin applications are applied. Also among the effective procedures is the shock wave technique.

With this
therapy manages to get the following benefits:

• Blood supply to the affected area is normalized;
• Ligament elasticity is restored;
• Pain syndrome is eliminated;
• Achieves a long-term positive effect;

The procedure is considered as painless, fast and safe for the patient as possible.

Ways to combat osteoporosis

As you know, osteoporosis manifests itself against the background of a lack of calcium in the body. As a result, the bones lose their natural strength and become susceptible to excessive stress and injury. This contributes to the development of destructive processes, a person’s feet hurt for no apparent reason, swelling and redness of the lower extremities are observed, and other signs of calcium deficiency make themselves felt. As a rule, this disease affects men and women over the age of 55 years.

Therapeutic measures prescribed to combat the pathology are directed,
First of all, to eliminate pain. In doing so, the emphasis is on
the use of analgesics, calcium-containing drugs and bisphosphonates.
It is also important to change the diet in favor of taking products, in the composition
which includes calcium, and massage.

SWT treatment for osteoporosis deserves special attention. During it, a special apparatus is used that generates sound waves of a certain frequency. The positive impacts of the methodology include:

• Removal of calcium deposits that accumulate in ligaments;
• Improved blood flow in affected areas;
• Restoration of a healthy state of cartilage and bone tissue;
• Spasms and pain that occur in the foot for no particular reason disappear;
• Restoration of the body at the cellular level;
• Eliminates inflammation;
• Reduces puffiness;
• Metabolic processes in the muscles located at the site of injury are enhanced.

What measures should be taken in case of ligament injury?

Sprain is considered a fairly common problem, as it can be caused by daily household injuries and sports activities. This process may be accompanied by multiple ruptures of ligaments and individual fibers. The main danger of the disease lies in the development of serious inflammatory processes.

In this case, the patient most often asks the following questions: “The foot hurts when walking: how to treat it?”, or “The leg hurts in the area of ​​the foot: what to do?”. He may also be worried about bruising and swelling in the lower extremities. Often a person states a feeling of loss of control with the foot and some stiffness during movement.

For acute pain, it is recommended to use an elastic bandage and take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Physiotherapeutic methods are also considered effective: ankle massage and warming up. In the event of a torn ligament, an operation must be performed urgently. Surgical treatment for severe injuries can be avoided by the latest technique – shock wave therapy. With its help, it is possible to accelerate the synthesis of collagen, relieve the inflammatory process, eliminate pain and restore the necessary mobility of the ankle joint.

Read more about ankle sprain treatment >>

Arthritis of the foot: what is the most effective treatment method?

Characteristic
a sign of such a pathological process is swelling in the area
joints, which is accompanied by severe pain, increased
temperature in the limb area, the appearance of inflammation and stiffness during
walking.

If a person has pain in the joints of the foot, but he does not see a doctor for a long time, this is fraught with increased discomfort, up to lameness when moving. In addition, cartilage and soft tissues are exposed to total destructive processes, and wounds appear near the joint.

When pain occurs in the feet, its causes are initially identified and, if the disease is confirmed, treatment is prescribed to restore the affected joint. At the same time, the SWT procedure is considered to be especially effective and safe for the human body. Its positive effect on the sore spot is as follows: tissue clots and salt crystals are crushed, blood flow is significantly improved, and cell activity is restored. This contributes to the rapid elimination of pain, allows you to restore flexibility to the joint and improves its endurance under increased stress.

Arthrosis of the foot: methods of treatment

Arthrosis of the foot is characterized by deep degenerative-dystrophic processes in the joints. At the same time, if the patient has pain in the bones of the foot, and doctors diagnose arthrosis, this pathology is difficult to treat. This is due not only to the massive destruction of the joint, but also to severe inflammation of the tissues near it, as well as poor blood circulation.

Arthrosis can be provoked by genetic causes, obesity, wearing tight shoes, excessive loads on the lower extremities, alcohol and tobacco abuse, poor diet, etc.

At the same time, the patient
notes the following unpleasant phenomena:

• Pain syndrome, which increases with increasing physical activity. Initially, the foot hurts slightly and with a certain frequency, then an increase in discomfort is observed;
• Foot restriction;
• Joint deformity;
• Reddening of the skin in the area of ​​the joint and the appearance of swelling;
• Change in gait, appearance of lameness.

When treating this
diseases, an integrated approach is used, as in the fight against other similar
problems. Usually the patient is referred for physiotherapy,
which include magnetic resonance therapy, laser technique, electrophoresis,
mud therapy and UHF. Massage, therapeutic
exercise and dietary changes.

However, one of the most effective methods is exposure to low frequency sound waves. This helps to improve blood supply to tissues and activate regenerative processes in them, as well as revitalize cells. Moreover, UVT provides a powerful anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effect on the body. If for some reason your foot hurts, you can get high-quality treatment with a guarantee of results at the Health Plus medical center. The procedure of shock wave therapy is carried out with us on the latest Swiss equipment with the participation of competent specialists with solid work experience.

Read more about the treatment of arthrosis of the foot >>

Sore feet: what to do and how to treat the disease?

So, in the initial section of this article, we indicated how important the foot is in a person’s life. It performs supporting functions, facilitates the process of walking and contributes to depreciation. However, with weight gain, excessive sports loads, prolonged standing, improper lifestyle, hereditary factors and the presence of any diseases, this part of the body can fail. The first and clear sign of a violation is the appearance of pain. It is not recommended to ignore such alarming signals of the body, as this can lead to the development of serious pathologies in the area of ​​the musculoskeletal system.

Many people are interested: “If the foot hurts, which doctor should I contact? Who can provide proper assistance? As a rule, physiotherapists deal with such ailments. At the same time, it doesn’t matter if your arch of the foot hurts on the inside, or the ball of the foot hurts, a professional specialist will conduct an initial diagnosis and determine the exact causes of the pathology. To get a clear picture of the disease, the doctor will refer you to a urine and blood test, as well as ask for an x-ray, MRI and CT scan.

As soon as the doctor finds out the reasons why the feet hurt, he will be able to choose the right treatment . As mentioned earlier, a positive result can only be obtained with an integrated approach to the problem. That is, you can be prescribed not only medications, but also physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises and wearing orthopedic insoles. It is possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of these techniques through the use of shock wave therapy, which we described in detail in this article.