What is myofascial pain syndrome. How does it affect muscles and fascia. What are the common symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome. Who is at risk for developing this condition. How is myofascial pain syndrome diagnosed and treated. What lifestyle changes can help manage myofascial pain.

Understanding Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Overview

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic condition that affects the musculoskeletal system, particularly the muscles and fascia. The term “myo” refers to muscle, while “fascial” pertains to the fascia – the thin, white connective tissue that envelops every muscle in our body. This condition can cause persistent pain and discomfort, impacting a person’s quality of life and daily activities.

To better understand MPS, imagine your body as an orange. The outer peel represents your skin, the fleshy segments are your muscles, and the thin white membrane surrounding each segment is the fascia. This intricate network of fascia surrounds every level of muscle tissue, from individual muscle fibers to entire muscle groups.

Causes and Risk Factors of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome can affect anyone at any stage of life. Various factors can contribute to its development:

• Repetitive motions or overuse of specific muscle groups
• Poor posture or ergonomics
• Prolonged periods of inactivity
• Physical trauma or injury
• Stress and anxiety
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Hormonal imbalances

Certain occupations or activities that involve repetitive movements or prolonged static positions may increase the risk of developing MPS. Examples include office workers, athletes, musicians, and manual laborers.

Identifying Symptoms of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Recognizing the symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

• Deep, aching muscle pain that persists or worsens
• Tender knots or tight bands in the affected muscles
• Restricted range of motion
• Muscle weakness or stiffness
• Pain that worsens with activity or stress
• Referred pain (pain that spreads to other parts of the body)
• Sleep disturbances
• Fatigue

Do these symptoms always indicate myofascial pain syndrome? Not necessarily. Many of these symptoms can overlap with other musculoskeletal conditions, which is why a proper medical evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosing Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach

Diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome can be challenging due to its similarity to other conditions. Healthcare providers typically employ a multi-faceted approach to reach a diagnosis:

1. Medical history review
2. Physical examination
3. Palpation of affected muscles to identify trigger points
4. Range of motion assessments
5. Imaging studies (in some cases) to rule out other conditions

During the physical examination, the healthcare provider may apply pressure to specific areas to identify trigger points – hypersensitive spots within a taut band of muscle fibers. These trigger points are hallmark features of myofascial pain syndrome.

Differential Diagnosis

How do healthcare providers differentiate myofascial pain syndrome from other conditions? They consider several factors:

• Pattern and distribution of pain
• Presence of trigger points
• Response to specific treatments
• Absence of other underlying medical conditions

Treatment Options for Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Managing myofascial pain syndrome often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment options may include:

1. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing MPS. Therapists may employ various techniques:

• Stretching exercises
• Strengthening exercises
• Posture correction
• Manual therapy techniques
• Dry needling

2. Medications

Depending on the severity of symptoms, healthcare providers may prescribe:

• Pain relievers (e.g., NSAIDs)
• Muscle relaxants
• Antidepressants (for pain modulation)

3. Trigger Point Injections

In some cases, injections of local anesthetics or corticosteroids into trigger points may provide relief.

4. Alternative Therapies

Complementary approaches that may benefit some individuals include:

• Acupuncture
• Massage therapy
• Biofeedback
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Lifestyle Modifications for Managing Myofascial Pain Syndrome

In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact the management of myofascial pain syndrome:

1. Ergonomic Improvements

Optimizing your work and home environments can help reduce strain on muscles:

• Adjusting desk and chair height
• Using ergonomic tools and equipment
• Taking regular breaks to stretch and move

2. Stress Management

Chronic stress can exacerbate myofascial pain. Implementing stress-reduction techniques can be beneficial:

• Meditation and mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Regular exercise
• Adequate sleep

3. Nutrition and Hydration

Maintaining a balanced diet and proper hydration can support muscle health:

• Consuming anti-inflammatory foods
• Ensuring adequate protein intake
• Staying well-hydrated throughout the day

Prognosis and Long-Term Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

What is the long-term outlook for individuals with myofascial pain syndrome? While MPS can be a chronic condition, many people experience significant improvement with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications. The prognosis often depends on factors such as:

• Early diagnosis and intervention
• Adherence to treatment plans
• Implementation of lifestyle changes
• Underlying health conditions

Long-term management typically involves ongoing self-care strategies and periodic follow-ups with healthcare providers to adjust treatment as needed.

Research and Future Directions in Myofascial Pain Syndrome

As our understanding of myofascial pain syndrome continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new avenues for diagnosis and treatment:

Emerging Diagnostic Tools

Advanced imaging techniques, such as elastography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are being investigated for their potential to provide more objective measures of myofascial trigger points.

Novel Treatment Approaches

Researchers are exploring innovative therapies, including:

• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
• Botulinum toxin injections
• Low-level laser therapy
• Regenerative medicine techniques

These ongoing studies aim to enhance our ability to diagnose and treat myofascial pain syndrome effectively, potentially improving outcomes for individuals living with this condition.

Understanding myofascial pain syndrome is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. By recognizing its symptoms, seeking appropriate diagnosis, and implementing comprehensive treatment strategies, individuals can effectively manage this condition and improve their quality of life. As research continues to advance, we can look forward to more targeted and effective approaches to addressing myofascial pain syndrome in the future.

Soft-Tissue Injuries | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What are soft-tissue injuries?

Many activities can lead to soft-tissue damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The result can be pain, swelling, bruising, and damage. Soft-tissue injuries are classified as the following:

• Contusions (bruises)

• Sprains

• Tendonitis

• Bursitis

• Stress injuries

• Strains

Athletes and nonathletes share many similar soft-tissue injuries.

What is a contusion?

A contusion (bruise) is an injury to the soft tissue often produced by a blunt force, such as a kick, fall, or blow. The result will be pain, swelling, and discoloration because of bleeding into the tissue. Treatment for contusions includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.). More serious contusions may need to be examined by a doctor.

What is a sprain?

A sprain is a partial tear to a ligament and is often caused by a wrench or twist. Sprains often affect the ankles, knees, or wrists. The treatment for a sprain includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.). If the ligament is completely torn, surgical repair may be necessary.

Ankle Sprain

Ligaments are fibrous, elastic bands of tissue that connect and stabilize the bones. An ankle sprain is a common, painful injury that occurs when one or more of the ankle ligaments is stretched beyond the normal range of motion. Sprains can occur as a result of sudden twisting, turning or rolling movements.

Muscle Strain Injuries of the Hip

What is tendonitis?

Tendonitis is inflammation of the tendon, a flexible band of tissue that connects muscle to bones. Tendonitis is often due to an overuse injury in the affected area from repetitive motion. Areas commonly affected include the elbow, hand, wrist, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, and foot. Often the tendonitis is named for the sport or movement that triggers the inflammation, such as tennis or golfer’s elbow, swimmer’s shoulder, and jumper’s knee.

Treatment involves healing the inflamed area with rest, compression, elevation, and anti-inflammatory medicine. Ice may be used in the acute phase of injury. Stretching and strengthening exercises can gradually be added to help avoid further injury. Steroid injections may be used for some types of tendonitis if chronic pain persists. If a tendon is completely torn, surgery may be required.

What is bursitis?

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that provides a cushion between bones and muscles or tendons. Like tendonitis, bursitis is often caused by overuse injury, but can also be caused by direct trauma to a joint. Bursitis commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, knee, hip, ankle, and foot.

Treatment involves rest, compression, elevation, and anti-inflammatory medicine. Ice may be used in the acute phase of injury to reduce swelling. Injections may be needed if pain and swelling persist. If the bursitis is caused by an infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

What is a stress fracture?

A stress fracture is a small crack in a bone, commonly occurring in the weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, including legs, hips, and feet. Stress fractures are most often caused by overuse and increase in physical activity. Initial treatment includes stopping the activity that caused the fracture, elevation, ice, and anti-inflammatory medicine. Continued treatment includes rest, decreasing weight-bearing on the affected area, shoe inserts or braces, and possibly cast immobilization. If the crack in the bone progresses further to a complete break, surgery may be required.

What is a strain?

A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching. The treatment for a strain is rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E). If a tear in the muscle occurs, surgical repair may be needed.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview

What is myofascial pain syndrome?

Myofascial pain syndrome is a pain condition that affects your muscles and fascia. “Myo” means muscle and “fascial” means fascia. Your fascia is the thin, white connective tissue that is wrapped around every muscle.

Here’s an easy visual: If your body was an orange, your skin would be the outside orange peel, your muscles would be the fleshy orange fruit itself and the thin white membrane surrounding each orange segment would be the fascia. Fascia surrounds every level of muscle tissue —muscle fibers, single muscles and muscle groups.

Muscle pain isn’t picky — it can strike anyone at any time in their life. Everyone from the mother carrying her child and the roofer laying shingles to the best friend helping lift boxes during a move can experience muscle pain. Unfortunately, for some people, this pain can be unbearable and it sticks around long after it should have faded. If you experience muscle pain that won’t go away for a long period of time, it could be myofascial pain.

What does the fascia do?

Simply put, your fascia holds your muscles together, which allows them to contract and stretch. Fascia also provides a slick surface so that individual muscle fibers, single muscles and muscle groups can slide against each other without creating friction, tearing or causing other problems.

Actually, fascia is everywhere inside your body. Besides your muscles, all organs and blood vessels are connected to or surrounded by fascia. Fascia is a complex substance. It contains nerve endings. Scientists are still discovering all of the functions and roles of fascia.

What happens when a person experiences myofascial pain syndrome? How does it start?

Myofascial pain is a common syndrome. If you have myofascial pain syndrome, you may feel pain and tenderness in muscles in a certain area of your body. This pain and tenderness is often related to one or more “trigger points. ” To the touch, trigger points feel like small bumps, nodules or knots in your muscle.

If you could look at a trigger point under a microscope, you’d see that it lies within a taut band, which is a tight strand of muscle that feels like a cord or tendon. The trigger point itself — the “knot” — is actually many nearby segments of muscle fibers that are stuck in the contracted state.

When muscle fibers are stuck in contraction, blood flow stops. If blood flow to the area stops, that area of muscle is not getting the oxygen it needs. Waste materials also build up in these fibers. This irritates the trigger point, which reacts by sending out a pain signal. Your brain responds by telling you not to use that muscle. Lack of use actually causes the muscle to tighten, become weak and it causes a loss in your range of motion. Muscles around the affected muscle have to work harder to do the work of the affected muscle. Trigger points can develop in these muscles too and add to the localized pain you feel.

Trigger points can develop in all muscles, and in many muscles at the same time. This is one of the reasons why it may seem like your pain in shifting or moving around. Trigger points can also be tricky in that pain can occur at the site of the trigger point (when lightly pressed) or cause pain in a nearby area. This is called referred pain.

How common is myofascial pain syndrome?

Myofascial pain occurs in about 85% of people sometime during their life. Even this high percentage may not be accurate. Myofascial pain is often underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed or overlooked because it’s hidden in another type of diagnosis such as headache, neck and shoulder pain, pelvic pain, limb pain or nerve pain syndrome.

Men and women are equally affected, though middle-aged inactive women are at the highest risk.

Where does myofascial pain syndrome most commonly occur?

Myofascial pain and trigger points can develop in any muscle in the body. However, the most commonly affected muscles are those in the upper back, shoulder and neck. These muscles include the:

• Sternocleidomastoid: This large muscle helps rotate your head to the opposite side and flexes your neck. It is located on both sides of your neck, running from your skull behind your ear area to your collarbone and breast bone.
• Trapezius: This large, broad, flat triangular back muscle tilts and turns your head and neck, shrugs and steadies your shoulders, and twists your arms. The muscle extends from the base of your skull to the middle of your back.
• Levator scapulae: This pair of strap-like muscles help raise and rotate each of your shoulder blades. They run from the first four cervical vertebra to the top edge of your shoulder.
• Infraspinatus: This triangular muscle, located on the back side of each of your shoulder blades, helps rotate and stabilize your shoulder joints. It’s one of four muscles of the rotator cuff.
• Rhomboids: This pair of upper back muscles pull your shoulder blades together when they contract and attach the upper limbs to your shoulder blade. These muscles run diagonally from the neck and chest vertebrae of the spine down to the back of the shoulder blades.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome?

Symptoms are different for each person with myofascial pain syndrome. Sometimes the pain happens suddenly and all at once, and that is called a “flare-up” of symptoms. At other times it’s a constant, dull pain that sort of lingers in the background.

Symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome include:

• Pain that’s described as deep aching, throbbing, tight, stiff or vice-like.
• Trigger points (a small bump, nodule or knot in the muscle that causes pain when touched and sometimes when it’s not touched).
• Muscles that are tender or sore.
• Weakness in the affected muscle(s).
• Reduced range of motion in the affected areas (e.g., you may be unable to completely rotate your shoulder).

People with myofascial pain syndrome often have other health problems that coincide. Commonly reported problems include:

• Headaches.
• Poor sleep.
• Stress, anxiety, depression.
• Feeling tired (fatigue).

What causes myofascial pain syndrome?

The jury is still out about all of the causes, contributing factors and exactly how the pain mechanism works.

Causes of myofascial pain syndrome include:

• Muscle injury.
• Muscle strain/repetitive muscle use (e.g. hammering).
• Muscle weakness/lack of muscle activity (e.g. a leg in a cast will not get enough movement).
• Poor posture.
• Working in or living in a cold environment.
• Emotional stress (can cause muscle tension).
• Pinched nerve.

Other factors thought to contribute to the development of myofascial pain syndrome include:

• Metabolic or hormonal problems such as thyroid disease or diabetic neuropathy.
• Vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin D and folate.
• Presence of chronic infections.

Is myofascial pain syndrome an autoimmune disease?

It is not. Inflammation of the muscle or fascia is not caused by your body’s immune system incorrectly attacking healthy cells. Examples of autoimmune diseases are lupus, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and multiple sclerosis.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is myofascial pain syndrome diagnosed?

Myofascial pain syndrome is often an underdiagnosed and overlooked condition. It might be mistaken for a problem with your nerves, bones, ligaments or tendons — but it’s not. It’s a problem in your muscles.

There are no tests — no imaging tests, laboratory tests/ blood work, electromyography or muscle biopsy — that can diagnose myofascial pain syndrome. In addition, there are no visible signs, such as redness, swelling or unusual muscle warmth.

The best method your healthcare provider can use to detect this syndrome is to physically examine your muscles — to feel for the taut bands of muscles and then find the exact spots of tenderness. Finding and applying pressure to a trigger point will result in pain, felt at the immediate spot or in an area a short distance away (referred pain).

There are four types of trigger points:

• An active trigger point typically lies within a muscle and pressure to it results in local or regional pain.
• A latent trigger point has the potential to be active, but is dormant.
• A secondary trigger point is located in a muscle other than the one that holds the active trigger point. It can be irritated at the same time as the active trigger point.
• A satellite trigger point is one that becomes inactive because it overlaps with the region of another trigger point.

Questions your healthcare provider may ask to diagnose myofascial pain syndrome:

Your healthcare provider may order a few tests to rule out other conditions and ask you questions about your pain, including:

• Where do you feel the pain?
• How would you describe your pain?
• How often do you experience pain?
• What makes your pain better?
• What makes your pain worse?
• Have you had any recent injuries?
• Do your symptoms get better at certain times during the day?
• What does your work day look like (to look for activities in which there is muscle strain/repetitive motion)?

Your healthcare provider may check your gait (how you walk) and your posture to see if there is a balance of muscle use and look for signs of muscle weakness. You may also be asked about other health problems that can contribute to myofascial pain syndrome including how much and how well you sleep and if you feel stressed, anxious or depressed.

What’s the difference between myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia?

Myofascial pain and fibromyalgia pain feel similar. Both have trigger points that emit pain. However, while myofascial pain is contained in one specific area (or, if more than one area, those areas are typically on the same side of the body), fibromyalgia pain is felt throughout the entire body. A patient with fibromyalgia has more trigger points, general pain, worse fatigue and sleep issues, headaches, an irritable bowel, a sensation of swelling and sometimes a burning, prickling or tingling feeling. Some researchers believe that myofascial pain syndrome can transition into fibromyalgia.

Management and Treatment

How is myofascial pain syndrome treated?

If you have myofascial pain syndrome, treatment will be more successful if you see your healthcare provider early after symptoms develop — before trigger points are established. Many treatments are available and your medical professional will likely use a combination of the following to manage your pain and restore affected muscles:

• Physical therapy (to strengthen, stretch and relax muscles).
• Dry needling (pushing thin needles into the trigger point to decrease tightness, increase blood flow and relieve pain).
• Wet needling / trigger point injections (using a needle to inject lidocaine [or other anesthetic] into the trigger point to relieve pain).
• “Spray and stretch” (spraying a trigger point with a coolant, then slowly, manually stretching the muscles).
• Low-level light therapy / cold laser (using lasers to stimulate the release of pain-relieving chemicals).
• Ultrasound (using sound waves to penetrate muscles).
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS therapy; pads are attached to your skin through which low-voltage electrical signals are sent).
• Acupuncture and relaxation therapies, including biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy (also good for improving sleep and reducing anxiety).

Prescription medication options may include:

• Pain-killing medications (analgesics).
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Muscle relaxants.
• Steroids.
• Antidepressants.
• Sedatives to improve the quality of your sleep.

Treatments you can do at home include:

• Heat (as in a heating pad). Some people benefit from cold/ice packs.
• Exercise. Specifically weight-bearing exercises (to strengthen muscles), stretching exercises (to stretch muscles) and aerobic exercises (to get more oxygen into the muscles).
• Over-the-counter pain killers (such as acetaminophen) or NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen). Don’t take these drugs if you are taking analgesics or NSAIDs prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Relaxation techniques, including yoga (to stretch and relax muscles and decrease stress), breathing exercises and meditation.
• Dietary changes (avoid foods known to cause inflammation).
• Soaking in warm water.
• Massages.

The duration of myofascial pain syndrome varies from person to person. With treatment, it may go away after a day or a few weeks, but it can take longer for some. How fast your myofascial pain syndrome resolves depends on a number of factors, including:

• Your general health.
• Diet.
• Amount and quality of sleep.
• How vigilantly you obey your healthcare provider’s recommendations.

Who will treat/manage my myofascial pain syndrome?

Healthcare providers typically capable of managing myofascial pain syndrome include physiatrists (medical doctors who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation), pain management specialists, rheumatologists or orthopedists and physical therapists.

Prevention

Can myofascial pain syndrome be prevented?

There are certain factors that can put you more at risk for developing myofascial pain syndrome. Managing these risk factors may not prevent you from developing the syndrome, but could help reduce the severity of the condition.

Many of the prevention suggestions to follow are also pain management strategies:

• Maintain proper sleep hygiene.
• Reduce your stress.
• Get exercise.
• Avoid preventable muscle injury. (e.g., is the shoulder bag/purse you carry too heavy and digging into the muscles in your shoulder?).
• Practice relaxation methods.
• Eat a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet.

Some foods cause inflammation, and inflammation increases myofascial pain. Some foods to avoid include:

• Fried foods (French fries, for example).
• Dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt).
• Refined carbohydrates and foods with refined flour (pastries, white bread, pastas, breakfast cereals, pizza).
• Margarine (butter), vegetable oil.
• Sugary foods and beverages such as soft drinks.
• Red meat (burgers, steaks).
• Artificial sweeteners and general additives (“no sugar added” products, zero-calorie “diet” soft drinks, processed foods that include fruit, ice cream, candy).
• Processed meat (hot dogs, sausage).

Check your cupboards and your fridge. Empty it of any foods that will increase your myofascial pain syndrome symptoms.

Outlook / Prognosis

What can I expect if I have myofascial pain syndrome?

Each person’s pain — location of pain and severity — is unique. Pain can flare up from time to time or be ongoing and long lasting. Successful treatment usually requires finding healthcare providers you are comfortable with and following their treatment and management plan for reducing your pain.

Living With

How do I take care of myself?

Living with myofascial pain syndrome is uncomfortable at best, unbearable at worst. Take care of yourself by following your healthcare provider’s treatment plan and using your at-home remedies listed above. Exercise, change your diet, soak in warm water, get massages, etc. You’ll likely have to experiment to figure out what treatments work best to reduce your pain.

What questions should I ask my healthcare provider?

• Do I have myofascial pain syndrome or fibromyalgia?
• What medications will help with my myofascial pain syndrome?
• How did I get myofascial pain syndrome?
• Am I at risk for other pain conditions?
• What’s my treatment plan?
• Should I see a pain management specialist?
• What can I do to make myself feel better?
• How soon should I return to see you?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Everyone experiences pain during their lifetime. But when that pain is unbearable or long-lasting, that’s when you need to consult your healthcare provider. Fortunately, most pain —including myofascial pain — can be reduced or eliminated with the right treatment! See your healthcare provider as soon as possible for evaluation and treatment.

Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Overview

What is musculoskeletal pain?

Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects:

• Bones.
• Joints.
• Ligaments.
• Muscles.
• Tendons.

Musculoskeletal pain can be acute, meaning it is sudden and severe. Or the pain can be chronic (long-lasting). You may have localized pain (in one area of your body), or it may affect your entire body.

What are the types of musculoskeletal pain?

The most common types of musculoskeletal pain include:

• Bone pain: Injuries such as bone fractures or other musculoskeletal injuries cause bone pain. Less commonly, a tumor may cause bone pain.
• Joint pain: Stiffness and inflammation often accompany joint pain. For many people, joint pain gets better with rest and worsens with activity.
• Muscle pain: Muscle spasms, cramps and injuries can all cause muscle pain. Some infections or tumors may also lead to muscle pain.
• Tendon and ligament pain: Ligaments and tendons are strong bands of tissue that connect your joints and bones. Sprains, strains and overuse injuries can lead to tendon or ligament pain.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes musculoskeletal pain?

Common causes of musculoskeletal pain include:

• Bone fractures.
• Joint dislocation (when something forces a joint out of its proper position).
• Direct blows to muscles, bones or joints.
• Overuse injuries.
• Poor posture.
• Sprains.

What are the symptoms of musculoskeletal pain?

Your symptoms may vary depending on the cause of your musculoskeletal pain. Common symptoms include:

• Aching and stiffness.
• Burning sensations in the muscles.
• Fatigue.
• Muscle twitches.
• Pain that worsens with movement.
• Sleep disturbances.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is musculoskeletal pain diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider starts a diagnosis by taking a thorough medical history. Your healthcare provider may ask you questions to determine:

• If you have other symptoms, such as a rash or fever.
• Whether your pain is acute or chronic.
• Which factors make pain worse or relieve it.

Then, your healthcare provider does a hands-on exam to look for the pain’s source. Your provider may touch or move the affected area.

What tests might I have for musculoskeletal pain?

Your healthcare provider may order other tests to find the underlying cause of the pain. These tests may include:

Management and Treatment

How is musculoskeletal pain treated?

Your treatment plan will depend on the underlying cause of your musculoskeletal pain. Common treatments include:

Can I treat musculoskeletal pain at home?

Your healthcare provider may guide you to manage musculoskeletal pain at home. Recommendations may include:

• Hot and cold therapy.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers.
• Strengthening and conditioning exercises.
• Stretching exercises.
• Stress reduction techniques.

What medications are used for musculoskeletal pain?

Your treatment plan may include medication such as:

Prevention

How can I prevent musculoskeletal pain?

Maintaining strong bones and joints is crucial for preventing musculoskeletal pain. You can work to avoid musculoskeletal pain if you:

• Limit repetitive movements.
• Use good posture.
• Practice correct lifting techniques.
• Stretch regularly.

Are there conditions that put me at higher risk for musculoskeletal pain?

Some conditions can increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain, including:

• Arthritis: Arthritis causes chronic joint inflammation. Many people who have arthritis experience joint pain and stiffness.
• Fibromyalgia: Fibromyalgia is a chronic illness that causes all-over musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. Usually, people with fibromyalgia experience muscle, tendon or ligament pain.
• “Tunnel” syndromes: Some conditions cause nerve compression or pinched nerves. A few examples of these conditions include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Often, overuse injuries lead to these conditions.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the outlook for people with musculoskeletal pain?

Usually, musculoskeletal pain improves with proper treatment. If an underlying condition causes musculoskeletal pain, treating that condition can help relieve symptoms.

Living With

When should I seek care for musculoskeletal pain?

If pain interferes with your daily activities or how well you can function, speak with a healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical help if you have severe pain from a sudden injury.

How can I best learn to cope with musculoskeletal pain?

To help yourself cope with musculoskeletal pain:

• Avoid smoking, which increases inflammation.
• Eat a healthy, non-inflammatory diet.
• Rest the injured muscle, joint or bone.
• Stretch daily or as often as your healthcare provider advises.
• Take pain medications as prescribed.
• Use ice and heat to decrease swelling and inflammation.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Musculoskeletal pain can cause discomfort and disrupt your daily activities. Sometimes, a sudden injury such as a broken bone causes severe pain. For some people, underlying conditions like arthritis or fibromyalgia lead to pain. Whether your musculoskeletal pain is acute or chronic, the right treatment can relieve your symptoms.

How Serious Are Soft Tissue Injuries?

Soft tissue injuries occur when the body’s muscles, tendons or ligaments experience a degree of trauma. Oftentimes, these injuries happen suddenly – for instance, stepping too sharply and spraining an ankle – or may occur gradually as a result of overuse.

Many people experience soft tissue injuries when they don’t let their muscles fully recover from a workout and continue the routine with increased intensity. Resulting from this pattern, the muscles used can experience trauma or strain.

Common Types of Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissue injuries include the following conditions:

• Sprains, especially of the ankle and wrist
• Strains, especially in the back, calf and hamstring
• Golfer/tennis elbow
• Contusions
• Tendonitis
• Bursitis

Although soft tissue injuries can occur anywhere in the body, the ankles, knees and wrists are especially vulnerable. These joints can turn inward, especially when you land sharply or twist from a fall. This sudden action places tension on the corresponding ligament, which can result in a sprain.

By contrast, a strain affects the muscles and tendons. These injuries may occur when the body’s fibrous tissue gets stretched too far or tears. Other injuries like tendonitis involve inflammation or irritation of muscles and tendons, stemming from stress or repetitive use that eventually manifests in pain.

A common factor connecting all soft tissue injuries, many can take an extended period of time to heal and may affect the body’s future performance.

How Soft Tissue Injuries Occur

Soft tissue injuries fall into two groups: Acute and overuse injuries. Like many sprains, strains and contusions, acute injuries involve sharp, sudden trauma. During physical activity or simply going about your day, you may fall on, twist or experience a sharp blow to a particular body part.

The other group consists of overuse injuries. Tendonitis, bursitis and some strains can occur when a particular activity or action is repeated over and over, but the muscles and tendon in this part of the body never have a chance to fully heal.

All soft tissue injuries vary in terms of severity, regardless of source:

• Grade 1 (Mild): These soft tissue injuries occur when the body’s fibers are damaged at the microscopic level due to over-stretching, resulting in tenderness or swelling.
• Grade 2 (Moderate):These soft tissue injuries involve a degree of tearing, which may feel like an abnormal amount of looseness in the joint and result in pain, swelling and tenderness. As a result, pressure or body weight cannot be applied to the injured joint and the individual needs to stay off it for at least a few weeks.
• Grade 3 (Severe): These soft tissue injuries involve full or complete tears, which require a significantly longer recovery time. Individuals often find they can’t use the joint or muscle area at all following the injury. Severe soft tissue injuries are characterized by instability, rupturing and a high degree of pain and swelling.

Recovering from a Soft Tissue Injury

Especially for Grade 1 soft tissue injuries, the main method of recovery is RICE: Rest, ice, compression and elevation. At the same time, you’re advised to stay off the joint or muscle as it recovers. Failing to do this can result in additional trauma, which then weakens the already-damaged tissue.

However, RICE might only be the start of healing and oftentimes, more treatment becomes necessary. The RICE method also doesn’t have a set healing time. Instead, how soft tissue injuries heal depends on multiple factors, including the individual’s age, overall health and occupation. Especially for Grade 2 and 3 injuries, recovery time may actually be longer than a broken bone.

As another factor – and one of the reasons Grade 3 injuries can end athletic careers – soft tissue injuries may permanently change the muscle, tendon or ligament. In turn, that body part may no longer function like it used to, which then affects how well an athlete performs.

This process has to do with how connective tissue heals. Prior to the break, these areas consist of elastic and non-elastic collagen fibers in a precise arrangement. In healing, the fibers never grow back the same and are replaced with denser, less-organized scar tissue. For your body, the regrowth helps bones and joints stay together, but the structure’s strength is greatly diminished.

As a result, this area is now significantly more prone to future tears and injuries, especially if the athlete jumps back into training at the same intensity and may experience a decreased range of motion. In extreme cases, individuals may develop chronic soft tissue injuries in this area due to the stress placed on the tissue. These debilitating injuries can last a lifetime, limiting what an individual can do.

When a soft tissue injury occurs, many individuals immediately feel pain and experience swelling and stiffness, although these symptoms may be delayed in some cases. Another delayed factor, bruising may follow 24 to 48 hours after the injury. The individual may also find they cannot put their weight on the area – an issue common with injuries involving the hip, knee and ankle.

After experiencing this combination of symptoms, individuals should go through the RICE steps but medical attention is often needed, especially if:

• You rest, ice and elevate but still can’t place your weight on the structure.
• The joint is extremely lax or develops an unusual shape.
• You heard or felt a pop during the injury.
• You feel pain in the surrounding bones and ligaments or experience a tingling sensation.

Physical therapy is a necessary part of soft tissue injury recovery. Our therapists can help you regain range of motion and reduce the potential for future trauma around the joint. To learn more about our services, contact one of our locations today.

Sarcomas, Soft Tissue: Symptoms and Signs

ON THIS PAGE: You will find out more about body changes and other things that can signal a problem that may need medical care. Use the menu to see other pages.

Sarcomas can start in any part of the body. The types of symptoms that people have from a sarcoma depend on where it starts. People with sarcoma may experience the following symptoms or signs. Sometimes, people with sarcoma do not have any of these changes. Or, the cause of a symptom may be a different medical condition that is not cancer.

STS rarely causes symptoms in the early stages. The first sign of a sarcoma in an arm, leg, or torso may be a painless lump or swelling. Most lumps are not sarcoma. The most common soft-tissue lumps are lipomas. Lipomas are made of fat cells and are not cancer. Lipomas have often been there for many years and rarely change in size. In the uterus, benign tumors called fibroids (leiomyomas) far outnumber sarcomas, but sarcomas of the uterus are sometimes mistaken for benign fibroids.

However, it’s important to talk with your doctor about any lumps that are larger than 2 inches (5 centimeters), grow larger, or are painful, regardless of their location. People with a sarcoma that starts in the abdomen may not have any symptoms, or they may have pain or a sense of fullness.

Because sarcoma can develop in flexible, elastic tissues or deep spaces in the body, the tumor can often push normal tissue out of its way as it grows. Therefore, a sarcoma may grow quite large before it causes symptoms. Eventually, it may cause pain as the growing tumor begins to press against nerves and muscles.

Sarcomas that start in other parts of the body may cause other symptoms or signs. For example, sarcomas in the uterus can cause uterine bleeding or an increase in the size of the uterus. Tumors that start in the heart or a lung may cause breathing problems or pain in the chest.

If you are concerned about any changes you experience, please talk with your doctor. Your doctor will ask how long and how often you’ve been experiencing the symptom(s), in addition to other questions. This is to help figure out the cause of the problem, called a diagnosis.

If a sarcoma is diagnosed, relieving symptoms remains an important part of cancer care and treatment. This may be called palliative care or supportive care. It is often started soon after diagnosis and continued throughout treatment. Be sure to talk with your health care team about the symptoms you experience, including any new symptoms or a change in symptoms.

The next section in this guide is Diagnosis. It explains what tests may be needed to learn more about the cause of the symptoms. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide.

Fibromyalgia – Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders

Most people feel a general achiness, stiffness, and pain. Symptoms can occur throughout the body. Any soft tissue (muscles, tendons, and ligaments) may be affected. But soft tissue of the neck, upper shoulders, chest, rib cage, lower back, thighs, arms, and areas around certain joints are especially likely to be painful. Less often, the lower legs, hands, and feet are painful and stiff. Symptoms may occur periodically (in flare-ups) or most of the time (chronically).

Pain may be intense. It usually worsens with fatigue, straining, or overuse. Specific areas of muscle are often tender when firm fingertip pressure is applied. These areas are called tender points. During flare-ups, muscles become tight, or spasms may occur.

Many affected people do not sleep well and feel anxious, and sometimes depressed or tense. Fatigue is common, as are mental problems such as difficulty concentrating and a general feeling of mental cloudiness. Many affected people are perfectionists, or have a type A personality. They may also have migraines Migraines A migraine headache is typically a pulsating or throbbing pain that ranges from moderate to severe. It can affect one or both sides of the head. It is often worsened by physical activity, light… read more or tension headaches Tension-Type Headaches A tension-type headache is usually mild to moderate pain that feels like a band tightening around the head. Stress, sleep disturbances, neck or jaw pain, or eye strain may trigger these headaches… read more , interstitial cystitis Interstitial Cystitis Interstitial cystitis is noninfectious bladder inflammation. Interstitial cystitis causes pain above the bladder, in the pelvis, or in the lower abdomen, and the frequent and urgent need to. .. read more (a type of bladder inflammation that causes pain when urinating), and irritable bowel syndrome Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) read more (with some combination of constipation, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and bloating). People may have pins-and-needles sensations, typically affecting both sides of the body.

The same conditions that may contribute to the development of fibromyalgia can make symptoms worse. They include emotional stress, poor sleep, injury, and fatigue. Fearing that symptoms represent a serious illness can also make symptoms worse. Having a doctor, family member, or friend imply that the disorder is “all in the head” can worsen symptoms as well. People may also feel frustrated because they are often told that they “look good” even though they are feeling unwell.

Back pain and soft tissue injury information provided by Spine Nevada’s center serving Bishop, Susanville, Northern California and Northern Nevada

Back pain

Overview | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | FAQ

Video detailing Lumbar Spine Anatomy: Where does back pain begin?

Overview

Back strain is a fairly broad category called “soft tissue injury,” which
covers muscles, tendons and ligaments. About 80% of back and neck pain
is muscle-related.

The stomach muscles, or abdominals, enable the back to
bend forward. They also assist in lifting. The abdominals work with
the buttock muscles to support the spine. The oblique muscles go around
the side of the body to provide additional support to the spine.

Another type of strain relates to spinal ligaments that
run in front and in back of the vertebral bodies. Tendons, which also
connect muscles in the spine, can develop inflammation, or tendonitis.

Some people believe that part of what makes the back
muscles more prone to strain is that they are shorter than other big
muscles in the body. The muscles in our thighs that enable us to walk,
run and jump are longer and less prone to strain. It’s very unusual
to strain a thigh muscle.
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Causes

Muscles in the back can strain or spasm and form a hard lump, like
a charley horse in the leg. Back muscle spasms can be caused by injury
and pain, whether the source is muscle strain, or a disc problem.
A spasm, defined as an involuntary convulsive contraction of muscle
fibers, can be excruciating. The muscle spasm can be steady or come
in waves of contractions. Your muscle is sending you a signal that
it has been pushed beyond its ability.
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Symptoms

A symptom of muscle strain may be an excruciating spasm in the back
that is very painful.
[top]

Diagnosis

Outlined below are some of the diagnostic tools that your physician
may use to gain insight into your condition and determine the best
treatment plan for your condition.

• Medical history: Conducting a detailed medical
  history helps the doctor better understand the possible causes
  of your back and neck pain which can help outline the most appropriate
  treatment.
• Physical exam: During the physical exam, your physician
  will try to pinpoint the source of pain. Simple tests for flexibility
  and muscle strength may also be conducted.
• X-rays are usually the first step in diagnostic
  testing methods. X-rays show bones and the space between bones.
  They are of limited value, however, since they do not show muscles
  and ligaments.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses a magnetic
  field and radio waves to generate highly detailed pictures of the
  inside of your body. Since X-rays only show bones, MRIs are needed
  to visualize soft tissues like discs in the spine. This type of
  imaging is very safe and usually pain-free.
• CT scan/myelogram: A CT scan is similar to an MRI
  in that it provides diagnostic information about the internal structures
  of the spine. A myelogram is used to diagnose a bulging disc, tumor,
  or changes in the bones surrounding the spinal cord or nerves.
  A local anesthetic is injected into the low back to numb the area.
  A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is then performed. A dye is injected
  into the spinal canal to reveal where problems lie.
• Electrodiagnostics: Electrical testing of the nerves
  and spinal cord may be performed as part of a diagnostic workup.
  These tests, called electromyography (EMG) or somato sensory evoked
  potentials (SSEP), assist your doctor in understanding how your
  nerves or spinal cord are affected by your condition.
• Bone scan: Bone imaging is used to detect infection,
  malignancy, fractures and arthritis in any part of the skeleton.
  Bone scans are also used for finding lesions for biopsy or excision.
• Discography is used to determine the internal structure
  of a disc. It is performed by using a local anesthetic and injecting
  a dye into the disc under X-ray guidance. An X-ray and CT scan
  are performed to view the disc composition to determine if its
  structure is normal or abnormal. In addition to the disc appearance,
  your doctor will note any pain associated with this injection.
  The benefit of a discogram is that it enables the physician to
  confirm the disc level that is causing your pain. This ensures
  that surgery will be more successful and reduces the risk of operating
  on the wrong disc.
• Injections: Pain-relieving injections can relieve
  back pain and give the physician important information about your
  problem, as well as provide a bridge therapy.

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Treatment

Surgery is never appropriate for muscle strain.

As with any muscle injury, it’s natural for an
individual to stop moving the injured area and wait for it to heal.
Ironically, this is counter-productive. Restricting movement causes
the muscle to weaken, become less flexible and receive less circulation.
In fact, gentle stretching and exercise is the best way to resolve
the injury by getting it moving and increasing circulation.

Recommendations:

• Rest.
• Apply ice for 15-20 minutes (not directly on the skin) at a time for the first
  48 hours, then switch to heat.
• Take anti-inflammatories, preferably ibuprofen like
  Advil or Nuprin as directed on the bottle. Acetominophen (Tylenol)
  may be taken for pain, if you are allergic to ibuprofen.
• Try our home remedy exercises. But remember, no exercise
  should be painful. Stop if they cause an increase in pain or symptoms.
• An appointment with a nonsurgical spine specialist
  is most appropriate for muscle-related back pain.
• Call us immediately if you experience any emergency,
  red-flag symptoms

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FAQs

What’s the difference between a sprain
and a strain?

While someone may argue that the two words are different, that a sprain
is a more serious injury than a strain, in reality, sprain and strain
have evolved to mean essentially the same things to doctors and lawyers.
Both words relate to an overworked muscle, ligament or tendon that
is overstretched.

Some may argue that strain relates to stretching or tearing
of muscles or tendons, while sprain relates to tearing of ligaments
or tissues in a joint area. For example, if bones in a joint are forced
beyond a comfortable range of motion, the joint may be sprained.

Another word that you may hear is “muscle spasm,” where
a muscle locks up in an excruciating, hard lump.

What’s the difference between
a simple strain or a more serious herniated disc?

Most people erroneously think that the more excruciating the pain,
the more likely that you herniated a disc. That is not the case at
all. In some cases a back spasm can knock you down to your knees. A
person can have excruciating pain, but if it is mostly in the low back,
it’s probably not a herniated disc. Typically, a herniated disc
in your back will radiate pain down into your leg, or pain will radiate
down your arm if you have a blown disc in your neck.
[top]

Educational content copyright 2019 ©Prizm Development, Inc. All rights reserved. PrizmDevelopment.com • Centers of Excellence for Better Healthcare

90,000 Pain and heaviness in the legs

If a patient has varicose veins of the lower extremities, then he is constantly worried about pain in the legs. Walking for a long time, lifting heavy objects, being motionless for a long time – all this provokes unpleasant sensations.

What pains do patients experience with varicose veins? If you have this disease, then the symptoms first appear in the lower leg and under the knee. Without treatment for varicose veins, the patient may experience heaviness in the legs and swelling. Feelings can have a different degree of intensity, which depends on the stage of the disease and on the tested load. At night, pain manifests itself in the form of cramps in the calf muscles.

The patient is always concerned with the question of how to treat pain in the legs. But it is much more important to eliminate the cause of heaviness in the legs – varicose veins.

In the tissues of the lower extremities, the blood supply deteriorates, the vein wall stretches, the blood stagnates in the vessel, and toxins are not excreted. This provokes pain, heaviness, fatigue of the legs.

Other symptoms accompany leg pain with varicose veins:

• Knots become visible, they protrude above the surface of the skin,
• The skin on the leg acquires a painful shine and changes color,
• There is severe itching, a feeling of heaviness with varicose veins,
• Convulsions occur,
• Hair loss on damaged areas,
• Possible dermatitis and eczema on the legs.

Which doctor treats leg pain?

So, you understand that the symptoms of pain in the legs with varicose veins correspond to what you are experiencing. This means that you urgently need to see a phlebologist. If you need treatment for varicose veins, heaviness in the legs and edema, do not wait – go to a specialist. Of course, there are medications available, but they should not be taken without consulting a doctor. They will only help you to reduce the pain – it is unlikely that you will be able to remove the cause with pills.

The same can be said about attempts to relieve the feeling of heaviness with varicose veins, using alternative methods. At best, they will not harm you and will not work in any way.

Experienced phlebologists and vascular surgeons work in the Longevity clinic, who can determine the causes of heaviness in the legs and cure the disease that bothers you.

To sign up for a consultation, call +7 (812) 671-01-70. Do not put it off until later: varicose veins of the lower extremities are treated!

You can also make an appointment with any free specialist or with a specific doctor by filling out the appropriate online form. Below is a form for your questions.

90,000 Leg pain – causes, diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment – Likar24

Pain in the legs probably worried most people. This unpleasant symptom can occur not only in the elderly, but in almost everyone. However, very often these signals from the body are ignored, although they can be a sign that something is wrong with health. If the pain in the legs is intermittent or prolonged, acute or pulling, other symptoms are added to it, then you should be careful not to delay going to the doctor who will help establish the cause.

Inflammatory process . If there is inflammation of the tendons, periosteum, nerves or muscles, then pain may appear in the calves, legs or even heels. Inflammation can be the result of excessive physical exertion. In this case, anti-inflammatory drugs, rest, and special compresses can help.

Stretching. If a sprain occurs, it may not be easy to relieve leg pain without seeking medical attention.

Muscle spasms. With muscle spasms, leg pain is often sudden and intense. The causes of such pain can be various factors: overwork, fever, dehydration. Usually, if you get rid of the factor that causes pain, then everything goes away.

Injuries. If the legs were injured, it should be noted that the nature and intensity of the pain will depend on the type and location of the injury.

Soft tissue contusions. A bruise occurs at the site of the impact. This place swells, a hematoma is formed.Bruises can be painful, especially if the area of ​​the injury is constantly irritated by touch or movement.

Fractures and fissures of the bones. The lower limbs are made up of small and large bones, so breaking or cracking them can be a very unpleasant experience, not to mention painful. In this case, you must immediately contact the emergency room to avoid improper bone fusion. Improper fusion often results in movement restrictions and chronic pain.

Diseases of the joints. If the joints are affected, it often causes pain in the lower extremities.

Problems with vessels . If the vessels do not work properly or there is some kind of vascular disease, then the result may be poor blood supply to tissues, inflammation of the vessel walls, the appearance of blood clots and other disturbances in their work. All of the above factors often result in a sensation of pain in the legs.

Congenital or acquired pathologies. For example, flat feet can cause pain when walking. It is difficult for such a person to walk, he gets tired quickly. The intensity of the pain depends on the degree of flat feet.

Pregnancy . Especially in the last months of pregnancy, women are often tormented by cramps and pain in the legs, which are most often associated with a heavy load on the body.

Vitamin deficiency . If the body lacks vitamins such as calcium, potassium, sodium or magnesium, leg cramps may result.

Effect of medicines . The use of some drugs can affect the body, causing side reactions, including pain in the lower extremities.

Other diseases of the body. Neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus and other diseases can also cause pain in the legs.

Diagnosis of diseases associated with pain in the extremities may include:

Ultrasound examination of the veins of the lower extremities – Doppler sonography: performed to understand if there are varicose veins

Biochemical blood test: in order to check the state of the internal systems of the body

Radiograph of the lower extremities.If there is an injury, fracture or crack, then it is necessary to take an X-ray to check which bones have suffered, whether there are any displacements, correctly apply a plaster of Paris

Angiography of vessels

Research, microscopy and bacterial culture of joint fluid

CT

MRI

Varicose veins . This disease occurs as a result of stagnation of blood in the veins, as a result of which they expand: a person has heaviness and pulling pains in the legs.

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. Can often occur as a result of spinal problems. The pain is localized from the buttocks to the back or side of the leg to the heels.

Diabetes mellitus. The disease causes a feeling of pain and heaviness in the legs. Sometimes there may be swelling of the legs, a feeling of numbness and tingling in the legs.

Gout. This is a disease of the joints when salt accumulates in them. In such cases, the pain is sharp and localized in the diseased joints.

Arthritis . It is characterized by constant pain, which periodically intensifies and weakens. In this case, the joints may swell.

Atherosclerosis . Vascular disease, when the movement of blood is impeded, so the muscles do not have enough oxygen, they begin to ache.

Endarteritis. Disease of the arteries, which most often occurs in men. The tissues of the legs do not receive enough oxygen, causing constriction pain.

Thrombophlebitis. Formation of blood clots in the veins. The disease causes acute throbbing pain and a burning sensation in the calves. Edema appears, the temperature rises.

Osteoporosis . This is a disease where the bones become thinner due to a lack of calcium in the body. Causes pain and cramps in the lower extremities.

Myalgia. Disease caused by muscle injuries, inflammation, excessive physical exertion, stress, sleep problems. Myalgia causes pain, swelling, a feeling of heaviness, and fatigue.

Flat feet. This condition weakens the ligaments and muscles of the foot and causes fatigue from walking and pain in the legs.

If you experience pain in your legs, you need to contact a traumatologist, phlebologist, endocrinologist, neurologist, surgeon and orthopedist.

If pain in the legs occurs, then this unpleasant symptom can be dealt with at home, if the cause is not a disease or injury. For example, if the cause of pain is overwork, then it is necessary to change the daily routine: get enough sleep, rest.

It is necessary to have a balanced diet: eat foods that are rich in vitamins (especially calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium).

While going in for sports, you should not overload the muscles: before and after training, you need to warm up, you do not need to exercise “through pain” and be sure to give your muscles a rest.

It is important to wear comfortable footwear that does not injure or cause fatigue.

Massage or exercise can also help with leg pain to relax tense leg muscles.

An active lifestyle also prevents the development of diseases. If a person predominantly moves a little, then health problems may arise. Therefore, it is important not to stay at home, but to arrange at least daily walks.

If the cause of leg pain is unknown, you should see your doctor to find out what may be causing it. Timely diagnosis prevents disease progression and promotes rapid recovery.

90,000 Leg cancer symptoms, signs, treatment, stages, prognosis

Leg cancer: stages, possible causes

What is

Leg cancer is a pathology that affects the bone and cartilaginous structures of the leg.

This form of cancer is uncommon, but considered quite aggressive. It often affects young people and is diagnosed in later stages.

Very often, pathology develops due to metastases, the focus of which is in another organ affected by cancer. It happens that the pathology is provoked by bone marrow cells. Most often, young men, not girls, suffer from leg cancer.

Usually, the lesion is localized in the knee joint.

Due to late diagnosis, amputation of the lower limb is possible.

The mortality rate for this type of cancer is high, so you need to diagnose this form of cancer as early as possible.

Stages

There are four stages in the course of this oncology:

• First stage: the neoplasm is approximately eight centimeters in diameter, the degree of aggressiveness is 1-2;
• The second stage: the malignant formation is more than eight centimeters, and the degree of aggressiveness is 3-4;
• Stage Three: This stage is characterized by pathological leg fractures;
• The fourth stage: characterized by metastasis in the lymph nodes, organs, systems.

Often it is at the fourth stage that the disease is diagnosed.

Classification

This type of cancer is classified as follows:

Osteosarcoma

This type of leg cancer develops from bone tissue and is most common. This is usually the first cancer in the body. Typically, this type of cancer occurs in people under the age of twenty. It spreads quickly and metastases throughout the body.

The areas affected by this cancer are long tubular bones. At the initial stage of the lesion, the disease can be confused with rheumatoid arthritis and back problems. With the development of the disease, the pain intensifies and there is an active process of metastasis.

Juvenile sarcoma, or Ewing’s sarcoma

This type of leg cancer is localized at the ends of flat and long bones. This sarcoma affects children and adolescents. This type of pathology is characterized by severe pain, swelling, fractures and the rapid development of metastases.

Fibrosarcoma

This pathology develops from fibrous tissue, affects the soft and connective tissues, and then the bones themselves.This pathology is mainly found in girls. Outwardly, the tumor looks like a round dense knot.

Fibrous histiocytoma

This cancer is a soft tissue disorder. The disease develops slowly. Usually, swelling, pain occurs in the affected area, and the color of the skin changes. Metastasis goes to the lymph nodes, lungs, bone structures.

Giant cell formation

A type of leg cancer that does not form metastases.The disease is characterized by possible relapses.

Chondrosarcoma and chondroblastoma

This type of leg cancer is found in cartilage tissue. This disease is quite rare.

Location

Cancer can be located in different areas of the leg. Depending on the area of ​​location, there are:

• Femur cancer;
• Joint cancer;
• Shin Cancer;
• Heel cancer;
• Foot cancer.

Cancer in all these areas is united by the rapid progression of the disease.

Reasons

Leg cancer occurs for the following reasons:

• Heredity;
• Poor ecology;
• Working with chemicals;
• Non-compliance with a healthy lifestyle, the use of harmful substances;
• Bone injuries and fractures;
• High doses of radioactive radiation;
• Chronic diseases, including bone diseases;
• Consequences of bone marrow transplant;
• Metastases from other organs;
• Paget’s disease.

Clinical manifestations

In the early stages, the disease does not manifest itself in any way. Then the first signs appear: malaise, fatigue, disability, fever, loss of appetite and weight.

Pain syndrome appears in the second and third stages.

And in the later stages, swelling of the soft tissues already occurs, the joints lose their mobility. The temperature rises and the skin becomes thin.There is lameness, fractures in the lower extremities.

Diagnostics

At the very beginning, the doctor needs to examine the suspected tumor of the leg, identify the symptoms of the disease, and examine the soft tissues for swelling.

Further, the doctor prescribes the following studies:

Blood test

Blood is taken for tumor markers.

Radiography

One of the most important methods for diagnosing leg cancer.It can show the tumor itself, its shape and size, location, assesses the state of bone structures.

MRI, CT (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography)

These studies allow you to see the tumor layer by layer, as well as determine its shape, location and size.

Biopsy

This technique consists in taking a small part of the tumor tissue, after which it is sent for histology. An open biopsy is done under general anesthesia by collecting tumor cells through an incision.A closed biopsy is done when taking a puncture under local anesthesia.

Treatment

The sooner cancer is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment will be. Today, the following methods of treating leg cancer are distinguished:

Surgical

Surgery is the most effective treatment for leg cancer. Thanks to modern technologies, it is possible to remove a malignant tumor together with the bone. This bone will be replaced with metal implants.

If the lesion is small, then the tissues with this lesion can be replaced with healthy ones taken from other areas of the human body.

Beam

Radiation therapy acts on the affected cells to slow down their growth, stop dividing, and also to destroy them.

Chemotherapy

Chemical therapy is carried out by introducing toxic substances that destroy cancer cells into the patient’s body.Alas, these substances have a bad effect on unaffected tissues.

Complex application of these methods will be effective. So, it is good to apply radiation therapy after the operation, etc.

Consequences

Complications of the disease are considered the fragility of the lower extremities, their fractures. One of the dangerous complications is the spread of infection with high fever and pain.

When metastases occur in the lungs, coughing up blood, shortness of breath occurs.If large vessels are affected, then the patient experiences swelling of the legs and bleeding.

Alas, very often leg cancer is fatal.

Forecast

The patient’s life expectancy depends on:

• Stages of leg cancer,
• Tumor size,
• Tumor locations,
• The presence or absence of metastases.

If in the early stages the prognosis can be favorable and patients can be completely cured of cancer, then in the later stages it is almost impossible due to metastasis.

Prevention

To reduce the risks of leg cancer, you need to follow proper nutrition, give up the use of harmful substances, maintain a healthy lifestyle, do not overload the body physically, consult a doctor in time if you have problems with the spine and joints.

You can make an appointment with an oncologist on our website.

Symptoms of Rheumatism – Arthritis is an inflammation of one or more compounds in the body.It is also known as rheumatism, which is a general term to describe any type of more that affects bones, muscles and joints. – Articles about health – Memo and information for the population – For patients – Official site of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Regional hospital with. Uyskoye “Uysky municipal district

Symptoms of arthritis and rheumatism are different for each person, but there are also general symptoms that indicate
presence of the disease:

• Swelling in one or more joints
• Stiffness.
• There is constant pain and redness in the joints.
• Sudden difficulty in movement.

In addition to rheumatism, arthritis can have other forms, such
like rheumatism, palindrome, which is known as Down syndrome. it
causes severe pain and often disability for the patient and most
common sufferers of this disease are men and women
from 20 to 50 years old.

The signs and symptoms of palindromic rheumatism are:

• One or more joints are affected, usually these joints of the hands, arms, elbows and knees.
• Constant pain and inflammation of the affected joint, which can last for several weeks.
• Disease progression can cause pain, stiffness and swelling.

Muscular rheumatism:
Muscular rheumatism inflammation of fibrous or connective tissue
organism. It is also known as fibromyalgia. Muscular symptoms
rheumatism are:

• Onset of acute rheumatic fever is characterized by high fever and rapid pulse.
• There is intense inflammation and pain in the affected area.
• There is a tumor in the liver.
• Chronic rheumatic muscle diseases are characterized by chronic pain and stiffness in the muscles.
• Pain increases with muscle movement.

Soft tissue rheumatism.

Pain and inflammation of muscles, tendons and ligaments. Two forms of soft
tissues, bursitis and tendonitis. The most common symptoms are:

• The main symptom is pain.
• Soft tissue bursitis refers to swelling and heat near the surface of the body.
• Soft tendon tissues include pain on movement, especially during busy traffic.
• There may be severe pain at night.
• The pain is mostly localized.

These are some of the symptoms of rheumatism and if you do feel them, consult your personal physician.

.