Liquid Diarrhea Medicine: IMODIUM® for Effective Diarrhea Relief
What is diarrhea and what causes it. How to treat diarrhea symptoms effectively. When to use IMODIUM® products for diarrhea relief. Can pregnant women or children use IMODIUM®. How to manage diarrhea and prevent dehydration.
Understanding Diarrhea: Causes and Symptoms
Diarrhea is a common digestive issue characterized by loose, watery stools occurring three or more times a day. It results from an overactive intestinal movement, leading to reduced fluid absorption by the body. But what exactly causes this uncomfortable condition?
Several factors can trigger diarrhea:
- Stress
- Food intolerance
- Menstruation (in women)
- Gastroenteritis
- Norovirus infections
Understanding these triggers can help you better manage and prevent diarrhea episodes. For instance, keeping a food diary can help identify potential trigger foods or drinks that may be causing your digestive discomfort.
The Importance of Treating Diarrhea
While some believe that diarrhea should run its course to flush out toxins, treating it promptly can provide faster relief and prevent complications. How can you effectively manage diarrhea symptoms?
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
- Consider using oral rehydration solutions
- Avoid caffeine, greasy foods, and high-fiber items
- Introduce bland foods as you start feeling better
IMODIUM® products, containing the active ingredient Loperamide, can help relieve diarrhea symptoms by slowing down fluid movement through the gut. This allows for greater absorption of fluids and salts back into your system, effectively treating diarrhea.
IMODIUM®: A Trusted Over-the-Counter Solution
Do you need a prescription for IMODIUM® products? No, IMODIUM® is widely available over-the-counter in drug stores and supermarkets, making it easily accessible when you need quick relief from diarrhea symptoms.
IMODIUM® works by:
- Slowing down intestinal movement
- Increasing fluid absorption
- Reducing the frequency of loose stools
This targeted approach helps alleviate diarrhea symptoms more quickly than letting it run its natural course. However, it’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or if symptoms persist.
Managing Diarrhea During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Experiencing diarrhea during pregnancy or while breastfeeding can be particularly challenging. Can pregnant or breastfeeding women use IMODIUM® products?
It’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional before using any medication during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. This precaution ensures the safety of both the mother and the baby. Your doctor can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation and medical history.
Alternative Remedies for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
If IMODIUM® is not recommended, consider these natural remedies:
- Staying well-hydrated
- Eating small, frequent meals
- Consuming probiotic-rich foods
- Avoiding known trigger foods
Remember, any persistent or severe symptoms should be reported to your healthcare provider promptly.
Diarrhea in Children: Special Considerations
Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of diarrhea, especially dehydration. How should you manage diarrhea in children?
For children with diarrhea:
- Provide oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and salts
- Avoid sweetened beverages that can worsen diarrhea
- Return to a regular diet as soon as possible
- Consider offering yogurts with live cultures
It’s important to note that not all IMODIUM® products are suitable for children. Always check the product label and consult with a pediatrician before administering any medication to children.
Preventing Dehydration: A Critical Aspect of Diarrhea Management
Dehydration is a serious risk associated with diarrhea, especially in children and older adults. How can you prevent dehydration during a bout of diarrhea?
Follow these steps to maintain proper hydration:
- Drink plenty of clear fluids, including water and clear broths
- Use oral rehydration solutions to replace lost electrolytes
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can worsen dehydration
- Eat small, frequent meals of easily digestible foods
By staying vigilant about hydration, you can significantly reduce the risk of complications from diarrhea.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Diarrhea
While most cases of diarrhea resolve on their own or with over-the-counter treatments, certain situations warrant medical attention. When should you consult a doctor for diarrhea?
Seek medical help if you experience:
- Severe abdominal or rectal pain
- Blood in your stool
- Black, tarry stools
- Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, little or no urination)
- Fever above 102°F (39°C)
- Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires professional medical evaluation and treatment.
Lifestyle Adjustments to Manage and Prevent Diarrhea
Beyond medication, lifestyle changes can play a crucial role in managing and preventing diarrhea. What lifestyle adjustments can help reduce the frequency and severity of diarrhea episodes?
Consider implementing these strategies:
- Practice good hand hygiene to prevent infections
- Avoid known trigger foods and beverages
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques or exercise
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day
- Incorporate probiotic-rich foods into your diet
By making these adjustments, you can potentially reduce your risk of recurring diarrhea and improve your overall digestive health.
The Role of Probiotics in Digestive Health
Probiotics, or beneficial bacteria, can play a significant role in maintaining digestive health and potentially preventing diarrhea. How do probiotics contribute to gut health?
Probiotics can:
- Help restore the balance of gut bacteria
- Strengthen the immune system
- Reduce the duration of diarrhea episodes
- Prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Consider incorporating probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, or fermented vegetables into your diet. Alternatively, probiotic supplements are available, but it’s best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
Traveling and Diarrhea: Prevention and Management
Traveler’s diarrhea is a common issue for many globetrotters. How can you prevent and manage diarrhea while traveling?
Follow these tips to minimize your risk:
- Drink only bottled or boiled water
- Avoid raw or undercooked foods
- Be cautious with street food
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Consider packing IMODIUM® products for quick relief if needed
If you do experience traveler’s diarrhea, stay hydrated and use over-the-counter treatments like IMODIUM® to manage symptoms. If symptoms persist or are accompanied by fever or bloody stools, seek medical attention.
The Importance of Travel Insurance
While prevention is key, it’s also crucial to be prepared for unexpected health issues while traveling. Why is travel insurance important, especially when considering potential digestive problems?
Travel insurance can provide:
- Coverage for emergency medical treatment
- Access to English-speaking doctors in foreign countries
- Assistance with medication procurement
- Coverage for trip interruption due to illness
By investing in comprehensive travel insurance, you can travel with peace of mind, knowing you’re covered in case of unexpected health issues, including severe cases of traveler’s diarrhea.
Understanding the Different IMODIUM® Products
IMODIUM® offers various products to address different diarrhea-related needs. What are the different IMODIUM® products available, and how do they differ?
IMODIUM® product range includes:
- IMODIUM® A-D: The original formula for diarrhea relief
- IMODIUM® Multi-Symptom Relief: Addresses diarrhea, gas, bloating, and cramps
- IMODIUM® A-D Liquid: A liquid form for those who prefer not to swallow tablets
- IMODIUM® A-D Soft Gels: Easy-to-swallow gel capsules
Each product is designed to provide effective relief from diarrhea symptoms, with some offering additional benefits for associated discomfort. Always read the product label carefully and follow the recommended dosage instructions.
Choosing the Right IMODIUM® Product
With multiple options available, how do you choose the right IMODIUM® product for your needs?
Consider these factors when selecting an IMODIUM® product:
- The specific symptoms you’re experiencing (diarrhea only or additional digestive issues)
- Your preferred form of medication (tablets, liquid, or soft gels)
- The severity and duration of your symptoms
- Any other medications you’re currently taking
If you’re unsure which product is best for your situation, consult with a pharmacist or healthcare provider. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific needs and medical history.
FAQs about Diarrhea Symptoms & Treatment
The following are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) and corresponding answers.
If you have a question about IMODIUM products, please read through our FAQs or contact us.
QA Text:
QA Question:
What is diarrhea?
Diarrhea is a term describing loose, watery stools. Having diarrhea means passing loose stools three or more times a day.
When your digestive system is in its normal rhythm, food and fluid pass regularly from the stomach into the small intestine. Food is then broken down and nutrients are absorbed along with most of the fluid. The remaining waste and some water pass into the colon (large intestine) where more water is absorbed. Finally, the waste is passed in the form of stools.
During a bout of diarrhea, the intestinal movement can become overactive, and less fluid is absorbed back into the body. The result is loose or watery stools, commonly known as diarrhea.
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QA Question:
What causes diarrhea?
A number of factors can cause diarrhea – these may include infections, foods, drinks, medications, travel-related illnesses or certain medical disorders.
Here are some common factors that could cause diarrhea:
Stress. Are you going through a particularly stressful period? Stress can have an influence on gastrointestinal function and can be a trigger for diarrhea.
Food Intolerance. Knowing your ‘trigger’ foods, drinks and/or eating habits provide an important means of limiting the incidence of diarrhea. It’s to your advantage to keep a food diary to better understand how your body responds to what works and what doesn’t.
Menstruation. Women can experience diarrhea and abdominal pain around (before and during) their menses.
Gastroenteritis. This is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by an infection.
Norovirus. This is a viral infection that leads to gastroenteritis. Eating or drinking contaminated food or drink can lead to gastroenteritis and associated diarrhea.
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QA Question:
Should I treat diarrhea?
A bout of diarrhea can be a very uncomfortable experience – but you can take steps to help relieve it.
IMODIUM® products contain an active ingredient called Loperamide, which works by slowing down the movement of fluid through the gut. This allows for overall greater absorption of valuable fluids and salts back into your system and treats diarrhea symptoms.
Here are some things you can do if you contract diarrhea:
A key step is staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluid. Consider using an oral rehydration solution, which generally contain a specific mixture of salt, glucose and water.
Avoid foods or drinks that are caffeinated, greasy, high in fiber or high in sugars or sweeteners. These may worsen your diarrhea. As you start feeling better, you may introduce bland foods such as banana, plain rice, baked potatoes and crackers back to your diet. Remember that while reducing the intake of certain foods during an acute episode may be necessary, it is best to return to a normal, balanced diet as quickly as possible.
IMODIUM® (loperamide) helps relieve the symptoms of diarrhea. Refer to the Drug Facts label on the package for complete product information.
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QA Question:
Do I need a prescription for IMODIUM® products?
A prescription is not required. IMODIUM® products are widely available over-the-counter in drug stores and supermarkets.
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QA Question:
Should I let diarrhea run its natural course?
Many people think diarrhea is a sign that your body is trying to get rid of something, so it’s better to let it ‘flush’ any bacteria or toxins out of the body. Although acute diarrhea generally resolves on its own, treating with IMODIUM® products relieve symptoms more quickly than letting diarrhea run its natural course. Speak to your physician if you have any questions or concerns.
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QA Question:
Can I take IMODIUM® products while pregnant or breastfeeding?
If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a healthcare professional before use.
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QA Question:
Can my child take IMODIUM® products?
Children with diarrhea can become dehydrated more quickly than adults, so it’s a good idea to keep a close watch and ensure proper hydration. You may give your child an oral rehydration solution, which you can find in soluble formats to help with dehydration. Contact your healthcare professional for the proper dosage. Oral rehydration solutions replace lost fluids and salts and help prevent dehydration.
Here’s some advice for treating your child’s diarrhea:
Avoid sweetened beverages like soft drinks, energy drinks, sugar water and undiluted fruit juices. These all contain sugar that draws water into the intestine and can make diarrhea worse.
Try to return your child to their regular diet as soon as possible.
Consider offering your child yogurts that contain live or active cultures.
IMODIUM® A-D is available for children 6 years of age and over. Refer to the Drug Facts label on the package for complete product information.
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QA Question:
Will IMODIUM® products cause constipation?
IMODIUM® products work by changing the movement of your intestinal wall to help slow the movement of fluid through the gut. As a result, there is greater overall absorption and a decrease in a stool volume.
While IMODIUM® products work to help stop diarrhea, the rate of associated constipation is low. Less than 3% of participants in clinical studies experienced constipation as result of taking IMODIUM® products to treat their symptoms.
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QA Question:
Can I use IMODIUM® products if I have IBS?
If you have IBS, speak to your doctor or healthcare professional regarding any questions on the use of IMODIUM® to treat your diarrhea symptoms.
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QA Question:
Why do I get diarrhea when I overeat or drink too much?
Some eating habits can trigger diarrhea or other digestive issues.
Here are some general good eating habits for overall digestive health:
Eat more slowly. It takes about 20 minutes for your stomach to tell your brain it’s full. Eating more slowly gives you time to feel full, so that you’re less likely to overeat.
Chew your food. When you take time to chew your food properly, you not only slow down the eating process, but chewing also breaks food down into smaller pieces and mixes it with saliva to start the digestive process.
Don’t gulp it down. When you gulp down food, you swallow air, which can lead to trapped gas and poor digestion.
Eat smaller, lighter meals. Big, heavy meals take longer to digest and make your system work harder.
Avoid alcohol. Drinking alcohol can cause diarrhea with some people. This can happen with occasional or long-term use.
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QA Question:
Why do people get diarrhea when they are nervous?
Stress can affect anyone. Many of the body’s systems are affected by stress. If you are experiencing mental stress, you may experience symptoms such as diarrhea, heartburn, nausea or vomiting.
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QA Question:
I get cramps, bloating and gas with diarrhea. What can I take to relieve this?
IMODIUM® Multi-Symptom Relief tablets work quickly to relieve diarrhea, while also soothing painful cramps, uncomfortable bloating and gas. It contains an additional ingredient called Simethicone, which helps to ease excess gas in the intestines and relieves bloating and pain due to gas.
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QA Question:
Why do I get diarrhea during my period?
Some women experience diarrhea that occurs monthly in relation to their periods. If you’re one of them, rest assured you are not alone. Hormonal changes taking place during your period may be the cause of menstrual-related diarrhea.
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QA Question:
I don’t like swallowing tablets. What should I take?
IMODIUM® A-D Liquid can provide you with fast and effective relief from diarrhea.
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QA Question:
I don’t know what’s causing my frequent diarrhea. What should I do?
Everyone’s different – which makes it difficult to identify the causes of your frequent diarrhea. For some, it could be what they eat: a trigger food or intolerance. For others, it might be a viral or bacterial illness, a reaction to stress, a result of taking certain medications or as a result of having a period. It’s good to gain a better understanding of factors that can cause diarrhea to help manage your diarrhea accordingly.
Our Manage Your Diarrhea section is full of tips and advice to help you watch out for triggers, improve your digestive health and avoid the next occurrence of diarrhea.
If you have longer-lasting or persistently recurrent diarrhea, it might indicate an underlying medical condition. If so, you’re advised to consult your healthcare professional.
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QA Question:
What is Norovirus?
Norovirus is the leading viral cause of gastroenteritis and a common cause of diarrhea, as well as vomiting. (Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Norovirus is very contagious and can spread quickly if you don’t wash your hands regularly.
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QA Question:
Is diarrhea a symptom of COVID-19?
Research has shown that GI symptoms such as lack of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common complaints in patients with COVID-191. If you are experiencing any GI symptoms like diarrhea, contact your healthcare provider and ask if you should be tested for COVID-19.
1. Pan L, Mu M, Yang P, et al. Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 May;115(5):766–73. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620external icon.
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If our FAQs haven’t answered your question, please Email us and we’ll be happy to help.
If you have questions or need to report an adverse event or side effect from using one of our products, please call us on 1-800-962-5357 (US).
Loperamide (Imodium) – Side Effects, Interactions, Uses, Dosage, Warnings
uses
What is Loperamide (Imodium) used for?
- Diarrhea — Acute
- Diarrhea — Chronic
warnings
What is the most important information I should know about Loperamide (Imodium)?
You should not use loperamide if you are allergic to it, or if you have:
- stomach pain without diarrhea;
- diarrhea with a high fever;
- ulcerative colitis;
- diarrhea that is caused by a bacterial infection; or
- stools that are bloody, black, or tarry.
Ask your doctor before using loperamide to treat diarrhea caused by taking an antibiotic (Clostridium difficile).
Do not give loperamide to a child younger than 2 years old. Do not give this medicine to an older child or teenager without a doctor’s advice.
Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take loperamide if you have:
- a fever;
- mucus in your stools;
- liver disease; or
- a heart rhythm disorder.
Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant.
You should not breast-feed while you are using loperamide.
User Reviews & Rating
Overall rating for Loperamide (Imodium)
4.5
out of 5
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Easy to Use
Effectiveness
Read Loperamide (Imodium) Reviews
Side Effects
What are the side effects of Loperamide (Imodium)?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling).
Stop taking loperamide and call your doctor at once if you have:
- diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
- stomach pain or bloating;
- ongoing or worsening diarrhea; or
- fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness (like you might pass out).
Common side effects may include:
- constipation;
- dizziness, drowsiness;
- nausea; or
- stomach cramps.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Can I take Loperamide (Imodium) if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
C
Risk cannot be ruled out
Based on FDA pregnancy categories
Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant.
You should not breast-feed while you are using loperamide.
Interactions
What drugs and food should I avoid while taking Loperamide (Imodium)?
Avoid drinking tonic water. It can interact with loperamide and may cause serious heart problems.
Avoid becoming dehydrated by drinking plenty of fluids. Avoid vigorous exercise or exposure to hot weather if you are dehydrated.
Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how this medicine will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.
Dosage Guidelines & Tips
How to take Loperamide (Imodium)?
Use Loperamide (Imodium) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
What should I do if I missed a dose of Loperamide (Imodium)?
Since loperamide is used when needed, it does not have a daily dosing schedule. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after using this medicine.
Overdose Signs
What happens if I overdose on Loperamide (Imodium)?
Overdose symptoms may include fast or irregular heartbeats, or fainting. A person caring for you should seek emergency medical attention if you pass out and are hard to wake up.
If you think you or someone else may have overdosed on: Loperamide (Imodium), call your doctor or the Poison Control center
(800) 222-1222
If someone collapses or isn’t breathing after taking Loperamide (Imodium), call 911
911
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Ecofuril suspension 90 ml instructions for use
Instructions for use Ecofuril® suspension 90 ml
Registration number number: LP-004631
Trade name : Ecofuril®
International nonproprietary or grouping name: nifuroxazide
Dosage form: oral suspension
Composition
5 ml suspension contains:
Active ingredient: nifuroxazide 200.00 mg;
excipients: maltitol – 350.00 mg, lactulose – 300 mg, povidone K-90 – 25.00 mg, xanthan gum – 20.00 mg, banana flavor – 10.00 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate – 5.00 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate 0.015 mg, anhydrous citric acid – 0.001 mg, purified water – to obtain a suspension of 5. 0 ml.
Description
Homogeneous suspension of yellow color with a characteristic smell.
Pharmacotherapeutic group Antimicrobial agent – nitrofuran.
ATX code: A07AX03
Pharmacological properties
Antimicrobial agent, a derivative of nitrofuran. It blocks the activity of dehydrogenases and inhibits the respiratory chains, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a number of other biochemical processes in the microbial cell. Destroys the membrane of microbial cells, reduces the production of toxins by microorganisms. Highly active against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae pathogenic Vibrions and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus spp.
Weakly sensitive to nifuroxazide: Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus indologenes. Resistant to nifuroxazide: Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp. , Pseudomonas spp.
Does not disturb the balance of intestinal microflora. In acute bacterial diarrhea restores intestinal eubiosis. When infected with enterotropic viruses, it prevents the development of bacterial superinfection.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, nifuroxazide is practically not absorbed from the digestive tract and exerts its antibacterial effect exclusively in the intestinal lumen. Nifuroxazide is excreted by the intestines: 20% unchanged, and the rest of the amount of nifuroxazide is chemically modified.
Indications for use
Acute bacterial diarrhea that occurs without worsening the general condition, fever, intoxication.
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to nifuroxazide, nitrofuran derivatives, other components of the drug,
- pregnancy,
- neonatal period (up to 1 month), prematurity.
With caution
- liver disease,
- alcoholism,
- traumatic brain injury,
- brain diseases,
- lactation,
- children’s age (over 1 month).
Use during pregnancy and lactation
The use of the drug during pregnancy is contraindicated. During breastfeeding, before using the drug, you should consult your doctor.
Dosage and administration
inside. For dosing, a double-sided measuring spoon is used, with a volume of 2.5 ml on one side and 5 ml on the other side. Shake the suspension well before use.
Children aged 1-6 months: 2.5 ml 2 or 3 times a day (with an interval of 8-12 hours).
Children aged 6 months to 3 years: 2.5 ml 3 times a day (interval between doses 8 hours).
Children aged 3 to 6 years: 5 ml 3 times a day (interval between doses 8 hours). Children from 6 to 18 years old: 5 ml 3-4 times a day (interval between doses 6-8 hours).
Adults: 5 ml 4 times a day (interval between doses 6 hours).
The duration of the course of treatment is 5-7 days, but not more than 7 days. If there is no improvement within the first three days, you should consult a doctor. The drug should be used according to the method of application and in those doses that are indicated in the instructions. If necessary, before using the drug, you should consult your doctor.
Side effects
Allergic reactions (skin rash, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock). If any of the side effects listed in the instructions get worse, or if you notice any other side effects not listed in the instructions, tell your doctor.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms are not known. Treatment is symptomatic.
Interaction with other drugs
Simultaneous use with drugs that cause the development of disulfiram-like reactions or that depress the function of the central nervous system is not recommended. If you are taking other drugs (including over-the-counter drugs), consult your doctor before using nifuroxazide.
Special instructions
In the treatment of diarrhea, rehydration therapy should be carried out simultaneously with nifuroxazide therapy. Treatment of diarrhea in children under 3 years of age should be carried out under medical supervision. In the case of bacterial diarrhea with signs of systemic damage (deterioration of the general condition, fever, symptoms of intoxication or infection), you should consult a doctor to decide on the use of systemic antibacterial drugs.
If symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction appear (skin rash and itching, shortness of breath, shortness of breath), the drug should be discontinued.
Due to the content of methyl parahydroxybenzoate, the drug may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed).
Drinking alcohol during therapy with nifuroxazide is prohibited.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and perform work that requires increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions
The drug does not adversely affect the ability to drive vehicles and / or other mechanisms.
Form
Suspension for oral administration 200 mg / 5 ml.
90 ml in a 100 ml dark glass bottle with a plastic screw cap.
Each vial, together with a dosing double-sided spoon (small capacity 2.5 ml, large capacity 5 ml) and instructions for use, are placed in a cardboard pack.
Storage conditions
In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. Do not freeze. Store the opened vial for no more than 7 days. Keep out of the reach of children.
Expiry date
2 years. Do not use after the expiration date.
Holiday conditions
Over the counter.
Name and address of the legal entity in whose name the registration certificate was issued/organization accepting claims:
AVVA RUS JSC, Russia, 121614,
Moscow, st. Krylatskie Holmy, 30, bldg. 9. Tel.: +7 (495) 956-75-54.
avva.com.ru ecofuril.ru
Address of production site:
AVVA RUS JSC, Russia, 610044, Kirov region, Kirov, st. Luganskaya, d. 53a.