What are the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. How do different types of antibiotics work. What infections can various antibiotics treat. What are potential side effects and drug interactions of common antibiotics.

Understanding Antibiotics: Their Function and Importance

Antibiotics play a crucial role in modern medicine, serving as powerful weapons against bacterial infections. These drugs work by either killing bacteria directly or preventing their reproduction and spread. Their mechanisms of action vary, with some antibiotics targeting bacterial cell walls while others interfere with protein production within the bacteria.

Healthcare professionals prescribe antibiotics for a wide range of conditions, including strep throat, bronchitis, and inner ear infections. However, it’s important to note that antibiotics are ineffective against viral illnesses such as the common cold, flu, or mononucleosis. The appropriate use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Forms of Antibiotics

• Oral: Available as liquids, tablets, and capsules
• Topical: Skin creams, sprays, and ointments
• Ophthalmic and Otic: Eye ointments, eye drops, and ear drops
• Injectable: For severe infections requiring intravenous administration

Penicillins: The Pioneering Antibiotic Class

Penicillins are among the oldest and most widely used antibiotics. They are particularly effective against Staphylococci and Streptococci infections. However, due to overuse, some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillin.

Common Penicillin Antibiotics

• Phenoxymethylpenicillin
• Dicloxacillin
• Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Penicillin V
• Penicillin G

Are penicillins suitable for all patients? While penicillins are generally safe, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, ranging from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis. It’s crucial for patients to inform their healthcare providers about any known allergies before starting penicillin treatment.

Potential Side Effects and Interactions

Common side effects of penicillins include:

• Nausea
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Yeast infections
• Liver disease (in rare cases)

Penicillins may interact with certain medications, including oral contraceptives and anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and probenecid. Patients should always disclose their full medication list to their healthcare provider to avoid potential drug interactions.

Cephalosporins: A Versatile Antibiotic Group

Cephalosporins are a broad-spectrum antibiotic class often prescribed for various infections. They are particularly useful for patients with penicillin allergies, as cross-reactivity is relatively low.

Common Cephalosporin Antibiotics

• Cefaclor
• Cefazolin
• Cefadroxil
• Cephalexin
• Cefuroxime
• Cefixime
• Cefoxitin
• Ceftriaxone

Which infections do cephalosporins typically treat? Cephalosporins are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including:

• Gonorrhea
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Sinusitis
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Cellulitis

The versatility of cephalosporins makes them a valuable tool in the treatment of various bacterial infections. However, as with all antibiotics, they should be used judiciously to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Tetracyclines: Antibiotics with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics known for their broad-spectrum activity and anti-inflammatory properties. They are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections and are also used to treat certain inflammatory skin conditions.

Common Tetracycline Antibiotics

• Doxycycline
• Minocycline
• Sarecycline

What conditions can tetracyclines treat? Tetracyclines are commonly prescribed for:

• Chest infections
• Urethral infections
• Pelvic infections
• Acne
• Rosacea
• Perioral dermatitis

Special Considerations for Tetracycline Use

Can everyone take tetracyclines safely? Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding individuals due to their potential to stain developing teeth. Additionally, patients should be aware of the following precautions:

• Take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright and with plenty of water to prevent esophageal irritation
• Avoid sun exposure when taking doxycycline, as it can cause photosensitivity
• Take tetracyclines after eating to minimize gastrointestinal side effects

Minocycline, while less likely to cause photosensitivity, has a higher risk of other side effects, including drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, and dizziness. Prolonged use may also lead to blue pigmentation of skin and nails.

Potential Drug Interactions

Tetracyclines may interact with several medications, including:

• Systemic retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin, alitretinoin)
• Diuretics
• Lithium
• Anticonvulsants
• Rifampicin
• Celestipol
• Oral contraceptives

Macrolides: Antibiotics with Immunomodulatory Properties

Macrolides are a group of antibiotics known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They are particularly useful in treating infections caused by bacteria resistant to penicillin and are often prescribed for patients with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies.

Common Macrolide Antibiotics

• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin
• Fidaxomicin
• Roxithromycin

What types of infections do macrolides treat? Macrolides are effective against a wide range of infections, including:

• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Respiratory infections
• Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia
• Skin conditions like acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides

Macrolides’ ability to combat penicillin-resistant strains of bacteria makes them a valuable alternative in certain clinical situations. However, it’s important to note that some macrolides, particularly erythromycin and clarithromycin, can have significant drug interactions.

Fluoroquinolones: Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics with Caution

Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. While they are powerful antibiotics, their use has become more restricted in recent years due to potential serious side effects.

Common Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Ofloxacin

When are fluoroquinolones typically prescribed? Fluoroquinolones are often reserved for more serious infections or when other antibiotics have failed. They are commonly used to treat:

• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Gastrointestinal infections

Precautions and Side Effects

Why are healthcare providers cautious about prescribing fluoroquinolones? These antibiotics have been associated with rare but serious side effects, including:

• Tendon rupture
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Central nervous system effects
• Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Due to these potential risks, fluoroquinolones are typically not used as first-line treatments unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Patients prescribed fluoroquinolones should be informed about potential side effects and instructed to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately.

Aminoglycosides: Powerful Antibiotics for Severe Infections

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics primarily used to treat severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. They are often administered in hospital settings due to their potential for serious side effects and the need for close monitoring.

Common Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

• Gentamicin
• Tobramycin
• Amikacin
• Streptomycin

What types of infections do aminoglycosides treat? Aminoglycosides are typically used for:

• Severe hospital-acquired infections
• Septicemia
• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Administration and Monitoring

How are aminoglycosides administered? These antibiotics are usually given intravenously or intramuscularly. In some cases, they may be administered topically or through inhalation for specific conditions.

Due to their potential for ototoxicity (damage to the ear) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), patients receiving aminoglycosides require careful monitoring. This typically includes regular blood tests to check kidney function and drug levels in the blood.

Antibiotic Stewardship: Promoting Responsible Use

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern, highlighting the importance of antibiotic stewardship. This concept involves the responsible use of antibiotics to preserve their effectiveness for future generations.

Key Principles of Antibiotic Stewardship

• Prescribing antibiotics only when necessary
• Choosing the right antibiotic for the specific infection
• Using the correct dosage and duration of treatment
• Considering alternatives to antibiotics when appropriate
• Educating patients about proper antibiotic use

How can patients contribute to antibiotic stewardship? Patients play a crucial role in preventing antibiotic resistance by:

• Taking antibiotics exactly as prescribed
• Not sharing antibiotics with others
• Not saving antibiotics for future use
• Discussing concerns about antibiotic use with healthcare providers

By working together, healthcare providers and patients can help ensure that antibiotics remain effective tools in the fight against bacterial infections for years to come.

The Future of Antibiotics: Challenges and Innovations

As antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant threat to global health, researchers and pharmaceutical companies are exploring new approaches to combat bacterial infections. These efforts include the development of novel antibiotics, alternative treatment strategies, and innovative diagnostic tools.

Emerging Strategies in Antibiotic Development

• Targeting bacterial virulence factors
• Exploring combination therapies
• Developing narrow-spectrum antibiotics
• Investigating bacteriophage therapy
• Harnessing the power of the human microbiome

What role does artificial intelligence play in antibiotic discovery? AI and machine learning algorithms are being used to analyze vast amounts of data and identify potential new antibiotic compounds. This approach has already led to the discovery of promising candidates that could help address the challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Rapid Diagnostic Tools

How can improved diagnostics contribute to antibiotic stewardship? The development of rapid diagnostic tests can help healthcare providers quickly identify the specific bacteria causing an infection, allowing for more targeted antibiotic therapy. This approach can reduce the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and slow the development of resistance.

As we face the challenges of antibiotic resistance, continued research and innovation in the field of antibiotics are crucial. By combining new treatment strategies with responsible antibiotic use, we can work towards a future where bacterial infections remain treatable and antibiotics continue to save lives.

What Are the Most Common Antibiotics?

Antibiotics are a common, important group of medicines that treat bacterial infections. Some antibiotics attack or break down the cell walls of bacteria, while others inhibit their protein production. This kills the bacteria or keeps it from reproducing and spreading.

Oral antibiotics are available in liquid, tablet, and capsule form. Topical antibiotics include skin creams, sprays, and ointments. Eye ointments, eye drops, and ear drops are also available. Severe infections may require injected or intravenous antibiotics.

Healthcare professionals prescribe different antibiotics to treat conditions such as strep throat, bronchitis, and inner ear infections. In this case, these infections are moderate to severe and have not improved with other treatments.

Antibiotics do not treat viral illnesses, such as a cold, the flu, or mono.

These drugs are grouped according to their antibacterial activity and chemical structure. Specific antibiotics fight certain bacteria, which makes it important to take the right kind. A healthcare professional may ask for a lab culture test to determine which antibiotics you need.

Read on to learn more about the most common types of antibiotics and which infections they treat. We also explore the common side effects of antibiotics, which can include gastrointestinal problems like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as more serious effects.

Here are some types of antibiotics that doctors prescribe most often.

Penicillins

Penicillins are a common treatment for a variety of skin conditions. They also treat middle ear, kidney, and blood infections. Penicillin antibiotics are effective at killing Staphylococci and Streptococci infections. But some bacteria are resistant to penicillin, due to overuse.

Common penicillin antibiotics include:

• phenoxymethylpenicillin
• dicloxacillin
• amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• ampicillin
• nafcillin
• oxacillin
• penicillin V
• penicillin G

Potential side effects include:

• nausea
• abdominal discomfort
• diarrhea
• headache
• yeast infection
• liver disease

Penicillin may cause allergic reactions, such as rashes, hives, and breathing difficulties.

Some medications that may interact with penicillin include oral contraceptives and the anti-inflammatories aspirin and probenecid.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins often treat gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sinusitis. They also treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), epididymo-orchitis, and cellulitis. Often, doctors prescribe cephalosporins to people who are allergic to penicillin.

Common cephalosporin antibiotics include:

• cefaclor
• cefazolin
• cefadroxil
• cephalexin
• cefuroxime
• cefixime
• cefoxitin
• ceftriaxone

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties that can treat several bacterial infections. They commonly treat chest, urethral, and pelvic infections. Tetracyclines also treat inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis.

Common tetracycline antibiotics include:

• doxycycline
• minocycline
• sarecycline

Children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding people should not take tetracyclines because they have the potential to stain developing teeth.

They can also cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus. To prevent this, make sure to take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright, and have plenty of water. Also, it’s a good idea to avoid sun exposure, since doxycycline causes photosensitivity, which can lead to sunburn.

Finally, it’s best to take this type of antibiotic after eating to prevent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Minocycline has more potential side effects than doxycycline, though it’s less likely to cause photosensitivity. Possible adverse effects of minocycline include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, and dizziness and headache. Also, using it for a long period may cause blue pigmentation of skin and nails.

Medications that may interact with tetracyclines include:

• systemic retinoids, such as acitretin, isotretinoin, and alitretinoin
• diuretics
• lithium
• anticonvulsants
• rifampicin
• celestipol
• oral contraceptives

Macrolides

Macrolides are an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They can treat strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin. They are also a suitable option for people who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin.

These antibiotics commonly treat skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia. Healthcare professionals use them, for example, to treat skin conditions like acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides.

Types of macrolides include:

• erythromycin
• clarithromycin
• azithromycin
• fidaxomicin
• roxithromycin

Macrolides, especially erythromycin and clarithromycin, can adversely interact with certain medications. Reactions and toxicity are more common in older adults and people with renal or liver dysfunction.

Medications that may interact with macrolides include:

• calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil
• amiodarone
• methadone
• lithium
• amitriptyline
• citalopram
• anticoagulants, including warfarin and dabigatran
• digoxin
• benzodiazepines
• carbamazepine
• cimetidine
• clozapine
• colchicine
• theophylline

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones, also called quinolones, can fight bacterial infections that are life threatening or challenging to treat. However, they are linked with antimicrobial resistance, so you shouldn’t take them unless it’s absolutely necessary.

Fluoroquinolones are the first-line treatment for prostatitis, along with severe cases of salmonellosis and shigellosis. Doctors also often use them to treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis. Sometimes, fluoroquinolones treat urinary, eye, and ear infections.

Types of fluoroquinolone include:

• ciprofloxacin
• ofloxacin
• levofloxacin
• moxifloxacin

For people with renal dysfunction, taking this type of drug may require adjustments to dosages of other medications. And, rarely, fluoroquinolone can cause serious adverse effects, especially in older adults.

Potential side effects include:

• tendon rupture
• aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection
• aortic and mitral regurgitation
• central nervous system excitation and seizures
• QT prolongation
• other cardiac conditions

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides, also called sulfa drugs, are a type of synthetic antimicrobial that doctors prescribe when first-line treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. The most common type is sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called co-trimoxazole. It treats conditions such as pneumocystis pneumonia and nocardiosis in people with weakened immunity, as well as infections of the lower urinary tract in children.

Types of sulfonamides include:

• sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim
• sulfasalazine
• sulfacetamide
• sulfadiazine silver

Sulfonamides are unsafe during pregnancy because they increase the likelihood of pregnancy loss.

Potential side effects include:

• jaundice in newborns
• candidiasis
• folate deficiency
• headaches
• anorexia
• hyperkalaemia

Medications that may interact with sulfonamides include:

• warfarin
• sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents
• phenytoin
• methotrexate

Glycopeptides

Glycopeptide antibiotics treat drug-resistant bacteria and gram-positive infections, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, better known as MRSA.

Types of glycopeptides include:

• vancomycin
• dalbavancin
• oritavancin
• telavancin

Below, find answers to common questions about antibiotics.

What is antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria survive or resist antibiotic treatment. Bacteria change and mutate to protect themselves after coming into contact with an antibiotic or other bacteria. Once a type of bacteria is resistant, it passes these genes to other bacteria, which continue to grow. Eventually, they create a new strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Misusing and overusing antibiotics increases the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Over time, this may lead to a shortage of medications that can effectively treat common infections.

How can I prevent antibiotic resistance?

To prevent antibiotic resistance, avoid taking antibiotics unless it is essential. Don’t take them for viral infections, such as a cold or the flu. Always follow the instructions from your healthcare professional about how much to take when. To prevent infections, clean your hands and living spaces regularly, and take steps to strengthen your immune system.

Are there any natural antibiotics?

Natural antibiotics include honey, thyme essential oil, and oregano essential oil. Extracts of garlic, cranberry, and myrrh also have antibiotic properties. Several herbs are effective antibiotics, including echinacea, turmeric, and ginger.

Natural UTI treatments include D-mannose and uva ursi, along with green, parsley, mint, and chamomile teas.

You can experiment with different combinations of natural treatments to find out which are most effective for your needs.

Antibiotics kill bacteria and prevent them from multiplying. They are valuable drugs that treat bacterial infections. It’s crucial to use them correctly and follow the healthcare professional’s instructions carefully.

It’s also important to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions of antibiotics. Speak with your doctor if you have any related concerns.

List of Antibiotics – eMedExpert.com

• New Antibiotics
• Penicillins
• Cephalosporins
• Carbapenems
• Macrolides
• Aminoglycosides
• Quinolones (Fluoroquinolones)
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Other Antibiotics

Based on “Antibiotic and Chemotherapy”

written by Roger G. Finch

Up-to-date comprehensive list of antibiotics by classes with generic and most common trade names.

New Antibiotics

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-Lactam Antibiotics

Beta-lactam class of antibiotics includes penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems, all of which contain a β-lactam ring.

Penicillins

Antibiotics of the penicillin class are bactericidal and work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Penicillins are among the safest antibiotics.

Major health concerns: hypersensitivity reactions.

Generic	Brand Name
Amoxicillin	Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox, Wymox
Ampicillin	Omnipen, Polycillin, Polycillin-N, Principen, Totacillin
Bacampicillin	Spectrobid
Carbenicillin	Geocillin, Geopen
Cloxacillin	Cloxapen
Dicloxacillin	Dynapen, Dycill, Pathocil
Flucloxacillin	Flopen, Floxapen, Staphcillin
Mezlocillin	Mezlin
Nafcillin	Nafcil, Nallpen, Unipen
Oxacillin	Bactocill, Prostaphlin
Penicillin G	Bicillin L-A, Crysticillin 300 A. S., Pentids, Permapen, Pfizerpen, Pfizerpen-AS, Wycillin
Penicillin V	Beepen-VK, Betapen-VK, Ledercillin VK, V-Cillin K
Piperacillin	Pipracil
Pivampicillin
Pivmecillinam
Ticarcillin	Ticar

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are mainly bactericidal and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Besides true cephalosporins (which are derived from cephalosporin C) this class includes oxacephems and carbacephems.

Major health concerns: platelet function abnormalities (rare).

Monobactams

Carbapenems

Carbapenems have incredibly broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Today these agents are among the most powerful antibiotics.

Macrolide Antibiotics

Macrolides are bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the 50S subunit.

Major health concerns: erythromycin estolate is hepatotoxic.

Lincosamides

Streptogramins

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Aminoglycosides are rapidly bactericidal antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis. These agents mainly interfere with proofreading process. Aminoglycosides are the only bactericidal class among protein synthesis inhibitors.

Major health concerns: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.

Quinolone Antibiotics

Fluoroquinolones directly inhibit the bacterial nucleic acid synthesis.

Major health concerns: QTc prolongation and/or torsade de pointes, tendonitis, tendon rupture, joint arthropathies.

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides act by inhibiting the pathway that bacteria use to synthesize folic acid. Sulfonamides with trimethoprim produce synergistic antibacterial activity.

Major health concerns: hypersensitivity reactions, renal damage, crystal nephropathy.

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibitors primary targeting the 30S ribosome. They are essentially bacteriostatic.

Major health concerns: photosensitivity, deposition in developing bones and teeth.

Other Antibiotics

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Resources

• 1. New FDA Approved Drugs CenterWatch
• 2. Cycloserine LiverTox.nih.gov

Last updated: August, 2018

Cheap analogs of expensive antibiotics: analogs of expensive drugs

Antibiotics are one of the most expensive groups of drugs. And if the cost of “old” antibiotics is more or less acceptable, then new broad-spectrum antibiotics are incredibly expensive, which is not surprising, because the development of one new antibiotic costs approximately 1 billion US dollars.

If you think about this topic, you can understand that there are not so many new antibiotics, because not only do development and clinical studies take decades, but also the cost of the project is equal to the cost of space flight. In this regard, very few pharmaceutical companies in the US and Europe can conduct such expensive research.

For example, Linezolid (trade name Zyvox) is the latest antibiotic to enter the market and is patented by Pfizer. At the same time, it was synthesized back in 1990, and only in 2000 was it first put into practice.

And what about other pharmaceutical companies, including domestic ones, who cannot afford such expenses? The answer is simple – they produce generics, that is, analogues of long-known antibiotics, with the same active ingredient as the original drug, but under a different trade name. The cost of such drugs is often lower than the cost of the original drug, but there are also opposite cases.

When prescribing antibiotic therapy, doctors can prescribe both the original drug – an expensive antibiotic (occurs less often), and its analogue – a cheap antibiotic (in most cases). The reason for this is the work of medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies and distributors. So if the doctor prescribed you an expensive antibiotic, do not rush to buy it at the expense of the budget. Most likely, he has a cheaper analogue, which a pharmacist in a pharmacy can also advise you if you ask him about it. However, it is worth remembering that from January 1, 2023 in Ukraine, you can buy an antibiotic only with an electronic prescription, which is pre-written to you by a doctor. The Doc.ua service also provides an opportunity to get an electronic prescription for antibiotics in just a few clicks. You can also buy all the necessary prescription drugs at the Doc.ua Pharmacy.

In this article we have provided a list of analogues of the most famous and widely used antibiotics.

Antibiotics for colds list Ukraine

Antibiotics of the penicillin group

Flemoxin Solutab , cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcer, cystitis, etc.

The average cost of Flemoxin Solutab and Ospamox is 80-150 UAH. Its analogue is Amoxil (amoxicillin analogues, amoxiclav analogues). The average cost is 50-70 UAH (inexpensive antibiotics for colds).

Antibiotics of the group of inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins

Flemoclav Solutab , Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid).

This antibiotic is used to treat mild and uncomplicated cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcer, cystitis, etc. caused by b-lactamase producing bacteria.

The average cost of Flemoclav Solutab is 100-150 UAH, Augmentin is 130-190 UAH.

Flemoklav Solutab analogues, Augmentin analogues ( cheap broad-spectrum antibiotics):

Bactoclav is the cheapest antibiotic, the average price is 60 – 70 UAH.

Amoxil K, Medoklav, Abiklav, Amoksiklav 2x, Betaklav, are also inexpensive antibiotics for colds.

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group

Emsef , Rotacef , Blitzef , Diacef , Denicef ​​ (ceftriaxone analogues in tablets) – Lorakson, Medakson (ceftriaxone analogue in tablets), Ceftriaxone-Darnitsa, Ceftriaxone-KMP, Ceftriaxone-Lekhim.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, disseminated Lyme borreliosis (early and late stages of the disease), infections of the abdominal cavity, etc. 27 (cefuroxime) – Aksetin, Aksef, Auroxetil.

Antibiotics treat urinary tract infections – cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis; skin and soft tissues – furunculosis, pyoderma, impetigo, etc.

Quadrocef , Roxipim , Abipim , Denipim 900 26, Exipim , Septipim (cefepime) – Cefepim-Lekhim, Cefepim Abryl, Cefepim Aurobindo.

Antibiotics treat respiratory diseases (pneumonia and bronchitis), urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections.

Eurosidim , Ceftazidime-Vista (ceftazidime) – Ceftazidime Yuria-pharm, Ceftum, Zacef, Ceftazidime-BHFZ.

These antibiotics are used to treat meningitis, sepsis and other illnesses.

Sorcef , Cefinac , Suprax Solutab (cefixime) – Lopraks, Opticef, Cefix.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, otitis media, and urinary tract infections.

Macrolide antibiotics

Sumamed , Azax , Azitrox , Aztec , Hemomycin , 9002 6 Zibax (azithromycin analogues are expensive, sumamed analogues) – Azibiot, Azipol, Zitrox, Ormax, Azimed (the best analogue of sumamed) Azitsin, Zoxy, Azithromycin-Astrapharm, Azithromycin-Health, Azithromycin-BHFZ, Azithromycin-Red Star, Ziomycin (azithromycin analogues of the drug).

These name antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, as well as acute bronchitis, pneumonia. 9Ora dro (clarithromycin analogues) – Aziklar, Clarithromycin-Health, Clarithromycin-Astrapharm, Clarithromycin-Darnitsa, Clarithromycin-Arterium, Klabaks.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs: tonsillopharyngitis, otitis media, acute sinusitis, as well as infections of the lower respiratory tract: acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and others.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group

Unidox Solutab (doxycycline) – its inexpensive antibiotics – analogues: Doxycycline-Teva, Doxycycline-Darnitsa, Doxycycline-BHFZ (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, as well as otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis and others.

Antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group

Ofloxin (ofloxacin) – Ofloxacin-Darnitsa, Ofloxacin-Lekhim (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics treat infectious and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints, abdominal cavity, diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis.

Abiflox , Levaxela, Lebel , Levoksimed, Levomak , Tigeron (levofloxacin) – Levokilz, Levokilz ofloxacin-Lekhim, Levofloxacin-Health, Floxium, Leflok

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections.

Avelox , Moxicum, Timoksi, Moxifloxacin-Sandoz (moxifloxacin) – Moxifloxacin-Lekhim, Moflaxa, Moxifloxacin-Pharmex, Atovax.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia.

Cifran , Tsiprinol , Tsiprolet analogues , Flaprox, 900 26 Ciprobel (ciprofloxacin analogues are expensive) – Ciprofloxacin-Euro, Ciprofloxacin-Lekhim, Ciprofloxacin-Astrapharm, Citeral.

An antibiotic is used to treat sepsis and peritonitis and to prevent and treat infections in immunosuppressed patients.

Nitroimidazole antibacterials

Strong antibiotics in tablets

Trichopolum , Efloran (metronidazole) – Metrogyl, Metressa, Metronidazole-Health, Metronidazole-Darnitsa, Metronidazole-Infusion, Metronid Zol-Yuria Pharm, Metronidazole Lubnypharm.

Antibiotics treat protozoal infections: extraintestinal amoebiasis, including amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis (amebic dysentery), trichomoniasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, trichomonas vaginitis, trichomonas urethritis, and others.

Ornigil , Ornizol, Ornimac (ornidazole) – Ornidazol-Darnitsa, Ornidazol-Novofarm, Ornidazol-Infusion.

Antibiotics are used to treat trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, and a mild antibiotic is used to prevent postoperative complications.

Antibiotic analogues table

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Broad Spectrum Antibiotics – buy in Ukraine

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Creation date: 06/04/2022
Update date: 07/23/2023

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

A variety of bacteria live in the human body, many of which are necessary for normal functioning. Prote, you can also see the ailments that call different pathologies. To fight against bacterial infections, antibiotics are used – preparations of direct action, yakі reshkodzhayut їх reproduction and growth, priming the life of microorganism. More medical benefits are added only to the song type of pathogens, which makes the therapy easier and the need for the necessary medication. For the cure of the ailment caused by the culprit, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used.

The widest pardon for the use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of viral diseases. The stench is powerless against viruses, which have a daily clitin structure. In this case, an antibiotic may be used in combination with other drugs, since a viral infection may be aggravated and bacterial infection may be included.

A variety of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs in a large assortment are presented in Ukrainian pharmacies. It is smarted by this building to effectively excite various infectious diseases, both in children and in adults. According to the chemical warehouse, broad-spectrum antibiotics are subdivided into 5 main groups, the skin may have its pharmacological activity:

1. Penicillin — ampicillin, bicillin, carbicillin are still available. Qi speech disrupts the synthesis of clitin membranes and pereskodzhayut proper osmosis of clitin, preventing the growth of microorganism. Antibiotics of the penicillin series are effective in the treatment of angina, sieve paths, infectious lesions of the bones, scoliosis and soft tissues, pneumonia.
2. Cephalosporins of another generation (ceflaxor, cemafondol, ceflaquin) – drugs of this series are prescribed, as the patient is suspected of intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin series. They may be similar to them for the treatment of infections of the sechostatic system, ENT organs, gynecology, postoperative infections of the cystic and soft tissue.
3. Tetracyclines (doxycycline, tetracycline) – a speech agent that affects the impaired protein synthesis of bacteria of various species. Tetracyclines are good at coping with acne, infectious ENT diseases, and problems with ICT.
4. Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin) – block the production of proteins, which are necessary for the development of pathogenic bacteria. Use them with other antibacterial drugs for treatment of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, infections of the sacs, tuberculosis.
5. Rifamycin (rifampicin) – speech is related to the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms. Rifamycins cause disruption of their synthesis and are especially effective in treating tuberculosis and other diseases that provoke mycobacteria. Also, an antibiotic should be used for the treatment of damage to the dichal system and the sec- ondary organs. To rifampicin, resistance is largely blamed for this, which is due to the presence of rifampicin in combination with other antibacterial drugs.

How to choose the right drug?

First of all known to buy broad-spectrum antibiotics, consult a physician. Only fahіvets zdatny signs of competently likuvannya and choose the necessary pharmacological form of the drug, yogo dosing that scheme to receive. Call the doctor and recommend a specific name for the drug, or the patient can ask for an antibiotic with a viable fluctuating speech, another trade name. You can find such an analogue in a different way, for example, on the website of MIS Pharmacy 9-1-1 on antibiotics of a wide range of prices to lie in the company-virobnik, dosing and pharmacological authorities of the people. You can replace the necessary goods online or with delivery in Ukraine. Sales zdіysnyuєtsya for the prescription of a doctor, he does not rely on the advice of those who know and engage in self-admiration. Uncontrolled intake of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance to the drug and not to give an overbearing effect. It is very important for him to take the dosage of that scheme to the reception, and also not to interrupt the course at the first visible flushes.

Copy of vikoristana literature

• physio-pedia.com;
• Sovereign register of medical supplies of Ukraine;
• betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

Frequently asked questions

Why can broad-spectrum antibiotics be combined?

It is important to remember that antibiotics are applied to all types of bacteria, including the coriander microflora. That is why it is necessary to supplement them with the intake of probiotics, in order to take revenge on the obviousness of the bacterium in a dried-up or shriveled look. In some cases, additional use of antihistamines is required.

How antibiotics can cover a wide range of activities?

The most popular antibiotics in tablets and ampoules (vials) of a wide spectrum can be seen: Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Levofloxacin, Cefixime.

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Prices for products in the category Broad spectrum antibiotics start at 4.