What does a shingles rash look like. How is shingles diagnosed. Can shingles be prevented. What are the early signs of shingles. How long does shingles last. Is shingles contagious.

Understanding Shingles: Causes and Risk Factors

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can lie dormant in nerve tissues for years before reactivating and causing shingles.

Who is at risk for developing shingles? The risk increases with age, particularly for those over 60 years old. Other factors that can increase the likelihood of developing shingles include:

• Weakened immune system due to illnesses like cancer or HIV
• Use of certain medications, including some cancer treatments and steroids
• Long-term stress or trauma

It’s important to note that even healthy individuals can develop shingles, with approximately 25% of adults experiencing an outbreak at some point in their lives.

Recognizing the Early Signs and Symptoms of Shingles

Early detection of shingles is crucial for prompt treatment and prevention of complications. What are the initial symptoms of shingles? The first signs typically appear one to five days before the characteristic rash develops. These early warning signs often include:

• Itching
• Tingling sensation
• Burning feeling
• Localized pain

These symptoms are usually felt in the area where the rash will eventually appear. In addition to these localized symptoms, some individuals may experience:

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Upset stomach

The Distinctive Appearance of Shingles Rash

What does a shingles rash look like? The shingles rash is typically characterized by a cluster of fluid-filled blisters. These blisters often appear in a band or strip on one side of the body, commonly around the waist. This distinctive pattern is the origin of the term “shingles,” which comes from the Latin word for belt.

While the waist is a common location, shingles can affect other areas of the body as well. The second most frequent site is on one side of the forehead or around one eye. However, it’s important to note that shingles blisters can potentially occur anywhere on the body.

Differentiating Shingles from Other Skin Conditions

How can you distinguish shingles from other similar skin conditions? While the localized pain and distinctive rash are telltale signs of shingles, it’s essential to be aware of other conditions that may present similar symptoms:

• Cold sores: Small blisters appearing only on the lips or around the mouth may be cold sores, caused by the herpes simplex virus.
• Poison ivy, oak, or sumac: Itchy blisters that develop after outdoor activities could be a reaction to these plants.

If you’re unsure about the cause of your rash, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Shingles

How is shingles diagnosed? In most cases, a healthcare provider can diagnose shingles by visually examining the characteristic rash. However, it’s crucial to seek medical attention even if you believe you’ve never had chickenpox, as some childhood cases can be mild enough to go unnoticed.

What are the treatment options for shingles? While there is no cure for shingles, antiviral medications can help manage the condition and reduce its severity. Prompt treatment is key to preventing complications. Common antiviral medications prescribed for shingles include:

• Acyclovir (Zovirax)
• Famciclovir (Famvir)
• Valacyclovir (Valtrex)

In addition to antiviral drugs, over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-itch lotions, such as calamine, can help alleviate the discomfort associated with shingles.

The Course and Duration of Shingles

How long does a typical case of shingles last? In most healthy individuals, shingles blisters usually scab over within 7-10 days and disappear completely within two to four weeks. The associated pain and itching generally subside after a few weeks or months.

It’s important to note that people with weakened immune systems may experience a longer healing process, with blisters that do not heal in a timely manner.

Potential Complications of Shingles

What are the possible complications of shingles? While most cases of shingles resolve without long-term effects, some individuals may experience complications:

• Postherpetic neuralgia: Lingering pain in the affected area for months or even years after the rash has healed
• Chronic itching: Persistent itching in the area where the rash once appeared
• Vision problems: If the rash occurs around the eye or forehead, it can lead to eye infections and potential vision loss
• Hearing or balance issues: Shingles virus affecting the ear can cause hearing or balance problems
• Neurological complications: In rare cases, the virus may attack the brain or spinal cord

Many of these complications can be prevented or minimized with early treatment, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical attention at the first sign of shingles.

Shingles and Contagion: Understanding the Risks

Is shingles contagious? While shingles itself is not directly contagious, the virus that causes it can be transmitted to individuals who have never had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine. This exposure can result in chickenpox in the newly infected person, not shingles.

How can the spread of the virus be prevented? To minimize the risk of transmission:

• Keep shingles rashes covered
• Avoid contact with infants, pregnant women who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine, and individuals with weakened immune systems
• Maintain good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing

Prevention and Vaccines: Reducing the Risk of Shingles

Can shingles be prevented? While it’s not always possible to prevent shingles, there are vaccines available that can significantly reduce the risk of developing the condition or lessen its severity if it does occur.

What vaccines are available for shingles prevention? Currently, two vaccines are approved for shingles prevention:

1. Shingrix: A recombinant zoster vaccine recommended for adults 50 years and older
2. Zostavax: A live zoster vaccine that was previously used but has been discontinued in the United States as of November 18, 2020

Shingrix is the preferred vaccine due to its higher efficacy in preventing shingles and its longer-lasting protection. It is administered in two doses, given 2 to 6 months apart.

Who Should Consider Getting Vaccinated?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the shingles vaccine for:

• Adults 50 years and older
• Individuals who have previously received the Zostavax vaccine
• People who have had shingles in the past

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if the shingles vaccine is appropriate for your individual circumstances.

Living with Shingles: Coping Strategies and Support

Dealing with shingles can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. What are some strategies for coping with shingles?

• Follow your healthcare provider’s treatment plan closely
• Use cool compresses to soothe the rash and reduce itching
• Wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing to minimize irritation of the affected area
• Practice stress-reduction techniques, as stress can exacerbate symptoms
• Join a support group or seek counseling if you’re struggling with the emotional impact of shingles

Remember, while shingles can be a painful and distressing condition, with proper care and treatment, most people recover fully. If you suspect you may have shingles, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention promptly to ensure the best possible outcome.

Advances in Shingles Research and Future Treatments

What new developments are on the horizon for shingles treatment and prevention? Researchers continue to explore new avenues for managing and preventing shingles. Some areas of ongoing research include:

• Development of more effective antiviral medications
• Investigation of novel pain management techniques for postherpetic neuralgia
• Exploration of immunomodulatory therapies to boost the body’s natural defenses against the varicella-zoster virus
• Studies on the long-term efficacy of the Shingrix vaccine and potential improvements to vaccination strategies

These ongoing efforts hold promise for improving the prevention and treatment of shingles in the future, potentially reducing the burden of this condition on individuals and healthcare systems alike.

The Role of Genetics in Shingles Susceptibility

Is there a genetic component to shingles susceptibility? Recent studies have begun to explore the potential genetic factors that may influence an individual’s risk of developing shingles. While research in this area is still in its early stages, preliminary findings suggest that certain genetic variations may play a role in:

• The likelihood of virus reactivation
• The severity of symptoms when shingles does occur
• The risk of developing postherpetic neuralgia

As our understanding of the genetic factors involved in shingles susceptibility grows, it may lead to more personalized approaches to prevention and treatment in the future.

The Impact of Shingles on Quality of Life

How does shingles affect a person’s overall quality of life? The impact of shingles can extend beyond the physical symptoms, affecting various aspects of an individual’s life:

• Work productivity: Pain and discomfort may lead to missed workdays or reduced performance
• Social interactions: Concerns about contagion or visible rashes may cause social withdrawal
• Sleep disturbances: Pain and itching can interfere with sleep quality
• Mental health: Chronic pain and the stress of managing the condition can contribute to anxiety and depression

Understanding these potential impacts highlights the importance of comprehensive care for individuals with shingles, addressing both the physical symptoms and the broader effects on overall well-being.

The Economic Burden of Shingles

What is the economic impact of shingles on healthcare systems and individuals? The costs associated with shingles can be substantial:

• Direct medical costs for diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications
• Indirect costs due to lost productivity and absenteeism from work
• Out-of-pocket expenses for medications and supportive care

These economic considerations underscore the importance of prevention strategies, such as vaccination, in reducing the overall burden of shingles on society.

Shingles in Special Populations

How does shingles affect different demographic groups? While shingles can occur in anyone who has had chickenpox, certain populations may face unique challenges:

Shingles in Older Adults

Older adults are at higher risk for developing shingles and may experience more severe symptoms and complications. Special considerations for this group include:

• Increased risk of postherpetic neuralgia
• Potential interactions between shingles treatments and other medications
• The importance of early intervention to prevent complications

Shingles in Immunocompromised Individuals

People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing cancer treatment, may experience:

• More severe and prolonged shingles outbreaks
• Higher risk of complications
• Challenges in vaccine administration due to their immune status

Shingles During Pregnancy

While rare, shingles during pregnancy can occur. Considerations for pregnant women include:

• The safety of antiviral medications during pregnancy
• Potential risks to the developing fetus
• The importance of prompt treatment to minimize complications

Understanding these population-specific factors is crucial for healthcare providers in tailoring prevention strategies and treatment approaches to meet the unique needs of diverse patient groups.

What the Shingles Rash Looks Like

Medically Reviewed by Carol DerSarkissian, MD on September 05, 2021

If you’ve ever had the chickenpox — and almost all adults have or have at least been exposed to it– there’s a good chance the virus is still at large in your body. The varicella zoster virus can lie dormant for decades without causing any symptoms. In some people, the virus wakes up and travels along nerve fibers to the skin. The result is a distinctive, painful rash called shingles.

The shingles rash can be a distinctive cluster of fluid-filled blisters — often in a band around one side of the waist. This explains the term “shingles,” which comes from the Latin word for belt. The next most common location is on one side of the forehead or around one eye. But shingles blisters can occur anywhere on the body.

The first symptoms of shingles appear one to five days before the rash. These early warning signs are usually felt in the location where the rash will develop:

• Itching
• Tingling
• Burning
• Pain

While the localized pain and rash are the tell-tale signs of shingles, other symptoms may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Upset stomach

Small blisters that appear only on the lips or around the mouth may be cold sores, sometimes called fever blisters. They’re not shingles, but are instead caused by the herpes simplex virus. Itchy blisters that appear after hiking, gardening, or spending time outdoors could be a reaction to poison ivy, oak, or sumac. If you aren’t sure what’s causing your rash, see your healthcare provider.

The varicella zoster virus is the culprit behind both chickenpox and shingles. The first time someone is exposed to the virus, it causes the widespread, itchy sores known as chickenpox. The virus never goes away. Instead, it settles in nerve cells and may reactivate years later, causing shingles. It’s also called herpes zoster, but it’s not related to the virus that causes genital herpes.

A doctor can usually diagnose shingles just by looking at the rash. If you have shingles symptoms, see your healthcare provider even if you think you’ve never had chickenpox. Many childhood cases of chickenpox are mild enough to go unnoticed, but the virus can still linger and reactivate. To help prevent complications, it’s important to start treatment as soon as possible after the shingles rash appears.   

Shingles blisters usually scab over in 7-10 days and disappear completely in two to four  weeks. In most healthy people, the blisters leave no scars, and the pain and itching go away after a few weeks or months. But people with weakened immune systems may develop shingles blisters that do not heal in a timely manner.

Anyone who has ever had chickenpox can get shingles, but the risk increases with age. People older than age 60 are up to 10 times more likely to get shingles than younger people. Other factors that increase your risk include:

• Some cancer medicines
• Steroid medicines
• Long-term stress or trauma
• A weak immune system from illnesses such as cancer or HIV

A quarter of adults will develop shingles at some point, and most are otherwise healthy.

Yes, but not in the way you may think.  Your shingles rash will not trigger an outbreak of shingles in another person, but it can sometimes cause chickenpox in a child.   People who’ve never had chickenpox, or the vaccine to prevent it, can pick up the virus by direct contact with the open sores of shingles. So keep a shingles rash covered and avoid contact with infants, as well as pregnant women who have never had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine and people who may have weak immune systems such as chemotherapy patients.

In some people, the pain of shingles may linger for months or even years after the rash has healed. This pain, due to damaged nerves in and beneath the skin, is known as postherpetic neuralgia. Others feel a chronic itch in the area where the rash once was. In severe cases, the pain or itching may be bad enough to cause insomnia, weight loss, or depression.

If the shingles rash appears around the eye or forehead, it can cause eye infections and temporary or permanent loss of vision. If the shingles virus attacks the ear, people may develop hearing or balance problems. In rare cases, the shingles virus may attack the brain or spinal cord. These complications can often be prevented by beginning treatment for shingles as soon as possible.

While there is no cure for shingles, antiviral medications can put the brakes on an attack. Prompt treatment can make a case of shingles shorter and milder.  Doctors recommend starting prescription antiviral drugs at the first sign of a shingles rash. Options include acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), or valacyclovir (Valtrex).

Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-itch lotions, such as calamine, can help relieve the pain and itching of the shingles rash. If the pain is severe or the rash is concentrated near an eye or ear, consult your doctor right away. Additional medications, such as corticosteroids, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation.

Colloidal oatmeal baths are an old standby for relieving the itch of chickenpox and can help with shingles, as well. To speed up the drying out of the blisters, try placing a cool, damp washcloth on the rash (but not when wearing calamine lotion or other creams. ) If your doctor gives you the green light, stay active while recovering from shingles. Gentle exercise or a favorite activity may help keep your mind off the discomfort.

The CDC recommends that healthy adults ages 50 and older get the shingles vaccine, Shingrix, which provides greater protection than Zostavax. The vaccine is given in two doses, 2 to 6 months apart. Zostavax is still in use for some people ages 60 and older.

Do not get the shingles vaccine if:

Since the late 1990s, most children in the U.S. have received the varicella vaccine to protect against chickenpox. This vaccine uses a weakened strain of the varicella zoster virus that is less likely to settle into the body for the long haul. 

IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

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(5) Interactive Medical Media, LLC; Scott Camazine / Phototake; John Kaprielian / Photo Researchers
(6) Peggy Firth and Susan Gilbert for WebMD
(7) N. M. Hauprich / Photo Researchers, Inc
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(9) Hans Neleman / Stone
(10) Dr. P. Marazzi / Photo Researchers
(11) David Mack / Photo Researchers
(12) SPL / Photo Researchers, Inc.
(13) Steve Pomberg / WebMD
(14) Denis Felix / Stone
(15) Steve Pomberg / WebMD
(16) Getty Images
(17) Thinkstock
(18) Thinkstock
 

REFERENCES:

American Academy of Dermatology: “Lip and Mouth Care” and “Poison Ivy: Signs and Symptoms.”
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Shingles: Signs & Symptoms;” “Shingles: Transmission;” “Shingles (Herpes Zoster): Prevention and Treatment;” “Shingles Vaccination: What You Need to Know;” “Shingrix Recommendations;” and “What Everybody Should Know about Zostavax.”
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: “”Shingles Symptoms,” “Shingles Diagnosis,” “Shingles Treatment.”
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: “Shingles: Hope Through Research. “
 

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Is it shingles? Symptoms vs. other conditions and causes

Shingles, also called herpes zoster, is an infection that causes a painful, blistering rash, often on one side of the body or face. There may also be ongoing neurologic pain.

Shingles happens when the chickenpox virus reactivates, often many years later. It affects about 1 million people each year in the United States. There may also be a fever, chills, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, and headache.

In most cases, shingles is not a life threatening condition, but it can cause severe pain, and the effects can linger for months or years as postherpetic neuralgia.

Vaccinations against the chickenpox virus and the shingles virus can help prevent shingles.

The first symptoms of shingles are usually:

• pain
• itching
• tingling

Next, the following may start to appear:

• a painful rash of blistering sores, which appears as a single stripe around one side of the trunk
• a rash around the eye
• fever and chills
• headache
• gastrointestinal symptoms
• a rash or ulcers in the mouth, known as oral shingles

The rash from shingles tends to develop in a hallmark pattern, usually on the trunk. People sometimes call it a “shingles band” due to the striped pattern. They appear over 3–5 days.

Pain occurs because the virus causes inflammation in the nerves.

Over the next 7–10 days, the blisters often rupture, form sores, and then crust over and heal. The rash usually disappears in 2–4 weeks.

Disseminated shingles involves a widespread rash. It can affect people with a weakened immune system.

In some people, the rash heals, but the pain continues for 4 weeks or longer. In some cases, there may be severe pain lasting 90 days or more, known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), PHN affects 10–18% of people who have had shingles. It rarely affects those under 40 years, but 13% of individuals aged 50 years or over will develop PHN after shingles. By the age of 70, this figure rises to around 75%.

In some cases, shingles can lead to:

• vision loss
• pneumonia
• hearing loss
• encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain
• partial facial paralysis
• polyneuritis, where multiple peripheral nerves become damaged

In some cases, the virus affects the internal organs, such as the lungs, liver, brain, spinal cord, or blood vessels. In this case, it can become life threatening. Having a weakened immune system may increase the risk of internal involvement.

What is internal shingles?

The symptoms of shingles can sometimes resemble those of other conditions, such as:

• cellulitis
• chickenpox
• herpes simplex
• impetigo
• folliculitis
• irritant contact dermatitis
• insect bites
• mucosal candidiasis, or oral thrush

The best way to work out if a rash is shingles is to speak with a doctor. In most cases, a doctor can make a diagnosis according to a person’s medical history, a physical exam, and symptoms. However, they may take a sample of skin, mucus, or blood for testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Anyone who suspects they have shingles needs to seek medical advice. Treatment can help speed recovery and reduce the risk of complications.

What do skin infections look like?

A virus called varicella zoster causes shingles. It also causes chickenpox, which used to be a common childhood illness before health experts developed a vaccine for it.

Once a person has a chickenpox infection, the virus remains in their nervous system, even after they recover. Although the virus stays in the body, doctors consider it latent, meaning it is inactive and does not cause any symptoms.

At some point, the virus can reactivate and cause shingles. The reason the virus reactivates is not entirely clear — it may become active again if a person’s immune system becomes weakened or stressed.

What treatment options are there for shingles?

A person cannot get shingles from another individual, but they can get chickenpox from someone who has shingles if they do not have immunity to chickenpox.

Transmission can occur through contact with the fluid that comes from the blisters.

When is shingles contagious?

Vaccination

According to the CDC, the shingles vaccine (Shingrix) is safe and can provide up to 97% protection against shingles, depending on the person’s age and the status of their immune system.

The Department of Health and Human Services advises everyone to have the shingles vaccine if they are:

• are aged 50 years or older
• are aged 19 or older and have a weakened immune system due to a health condition or treatment, such as chemotherapy
• are aged 19 or older and are at risk of a weakened immune system because of upcoming treatments

People should have the vaccine even if they:

• have already had shingles
• have previously been vaccinated with Zostavax, a vaccine that is no longer in use
• are not sure if they have had chickenpox

The vaccine comes in two doses, the second being 2–6 months after the first.

Here are some questions people often ask about shingles symptoms.

What are the first signs of shingles?

Early symptoms include a feeling of pain, burning, and itching in one area of the skin. After this, a rash appears, and fluid-filled blisters form. The rash is painful because the virus causes infection in the nerve cells.

What are the triggers for shingles?

Possible triggers for shingles include:

• emotional stress
• the use of immunosuppressant medications
• having a health condition that affects immunity

Will shingles go away without treatment?

There is currently no cure for shingles, but the rash usually clears up in 2–4 weeks. However, treatment can help manage it. If a person takes antiviral medication soon after the rash appears, it may shorten the duration of the infection and reduce the severity of symptoms.

Over-the-counter pain relief, wet compresses, calamine lotion, and lukewarm baths with colloidal oatmeal may help manage discomfort.

What are some natural treatments for shingles?

How long does shingles last?

The first symptoms of shingles are often pain, tingling, itching, and then a rash. The rash often forms a band around one side of the trunk. In time, blisters can form. These usually heal within 2–4 weeks, but some people have ongoing pain known as postherpetic neuralgia.

The rash can also affect the eyes and mouth, with a risk of vision loss.

Vaccination can help prevent shingles. Health experts recommend it for people aged 50 years and above and those aged 19 and over who have or are at risk of having a weakened immune system.

Pink lichen (Pityriasis Gibert): symptoms, treatment, causes

Rosacea has many names in medicine. It is called roseola flaky, Gibert’s disease, pityriasis rosea. The disease belongs to the infectious-allergic category of dermatoses, is of an acute inflammatory nature with the appearance of spotty, papular, erythematous-squamous foci. They are located mainly on the trunk and on the surface of the limbs. Most often, pink lichen Zhibera is diagnosed in women aged 20 to 40 years, as well as in adolescents. In other age groups of people, the disease is extremely rare. The peak of complaints falls in spring and autumn during the spread of acute respiratory diseases.

Information about pityriasis rosea: causes, symptoms, manifestations

Medicine does not know the exact causes of the development of Zhiber’s lichen in men and women. Research is being carried out in the field of influence of herpes viruses of types 6 and 7, but an unambiguous etiological agent has not yet been determined. The causes of pink lichen continue to be studied. It is only known that at any moment a weakened immune system can become a trigger. The causes of pink lichen lie precisely in the reduction of the body’s defenses due to bacterial and infectious diseases.

Symptoms and clinical picture of the disease

Due to colds, hypothermia, severe emotional state, stress, a rash may appear on the skin. Symptoms of pink lichen begin to appear from it. The classic clinical picture is the formation of the main focus in the form of a medallion with a diameter of 2 to 10 cm. Within 7-14 days after its appearance, the rash spreads in the form of plaques and papules of pink and yellow-brown color. They are smaller than the main focus – their diameter can be from 0.5 to 2 cm. In appearance, the rash can be confused with ringworm due to the scaly edge of the rash. A few days after the rash, the spots turn pale, wrinkle and the stratum corneum cracks. The central part of the plaques remains smooth. Symptoms of pink lichen may be accompanied by itching, fatigue, fever, general intoxication, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and chin.

Types of disease

Pink lichen can have a classic appearance, when the clinical picture develops in stages in accordance with the generally accepted system – from the appearance of a “maternal” plaque to smaller rashes in the chest, back, abdomen, thighs, and on the flexor surfaces of the limbs. In the medical classification, several more forms of the disease are distinguished. Deprive Zhibera happens:

• urticarial – characterized by the presence of not plaques, but a blistering rash. There is severe itching. In appearance it resembles a urticaria;
• vesicular – manifested by generalized rashes of vesicles with severe itching. The diameter of the blisters with a clear or cloudy liquid is from 2 to 6 mm. Often they form “rosettes”;
• papular – rare. It is characterized by the appearance of cavityless formations above the surface of the skin. Small papules 1-2 mm in diameter;
• hemorrhagic – dotted hemorrhages (hemorrhages) occur, so the color of the plaques is darker than usual;
• follicular – rashes are grouped into rounded plaques of follicular papules, which can occur in parallel with classic plaques;
• single-sided;
• hypopigmented – more common in people with swarthy or dark skin. Lichen inverse is characterized by rashes in the axillary and inguinal regions and in the popliteal fossae;
• asbestos-like – extremely rare, and manifests itself in the scalp in the form of gray plaques;
• giant lichen pink Darya – the formation of large plaques in diameter from 5-7 cm. In severe cases, they reach the size of the patient’s palm;
• Vidal’s rosacea annulare has an atypical location, predominantly in the groin or axilla. The rashes look ring-shaped.

Gender and age characteristics

Pink lichen affects women, teenagers and children. Different forms of the disease affect certain groups of people. For example, the vesicular form is diagnosed more often in children and adolescents. The papular form is diagnosed in most cases in pregnant women and young children. Unilateral – equally occurs in both adults and children.

How disease is transmitted

Studies have not given a clear answer to the question of infection. Theoretically, pink lichen is transmitted by tactile contact, but this happens extremely rarely. There must be triggers for infection to occur. We are talking about low immunity, past viral and infectious diseases, colds. Relapse is possible in people with HIV, oncology and blood diseases.

What you need to know about diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of pink lichen is based on the collection of the patient’s history. To confirm or refute, analyze complex cases, a number of laboratory tests are prescribed. They include a clinical study of blood and urine. It is necessary to exclude syphilis and mycosis, therefore, serological and microscopic studies are additionally carried out. If these methods do not provide enough information to verify the diagnosis, the patient is referred for a biopsy (biopsy histology).

Treatment for rosacea is not always required. The disease is prone to arbitrary self-healing within 5 weeks. However, dermatosis should not be considered harmless. First of all, antipruritic therapy is required. For this, topical glucocorticosteroid drugs, antihistamines are used externally. Ointments, gels, pastes can not be used without the appointment of a dermatologist. Otherwise, the rash can increase the scale of the skin lesion, capturing new areas. Of the drugs, antibiotics and antiviral agents can be prescribed, depending on the definition of indications. Ultraviolet therapy gives a good effect.

Dermatologist’s help in Moscow

Diagnosis of pink lichen and treatment is the field of activity of a dermatologist. Depending on the form of the disease, the scale of the skin lesion, the patient is provided with recommendations. With lichen, the emotional and psychological background of a person is important, therefore, promptly making the correct diagnosis allows you to quickly overcome the disease.

You can make an appointment with the dermatologist of JSC “Medicina” (clinic of Academician Roitberg) by phone +7 (495) 775-73-60. Self-medication is not worth it. The reason – according to external signs, skin rashes can turn out to be differential diseases, for example, toxidermia, psoriasis, mycosis, secondary syphilis. In these cases, the appointment of another therapy is required, taking into account the specific clinical picture and the patient’s history.

Frequently asked questions from patients

What causes pink lichen?

There is no single answer to this question. Research is ongoing. Presumably, the cause may be the herpes virus type 6 or 7. With a decrease in immunity, it is activated, which triggers the process of rashes of various types (plaques, vesicles, blisters). Stress, poor ecology, hormonal surges, chronic diseases can provoke the disease.

Is rosacea contagious?

Pink lichen in humans is considered non-contagious, but rare cases of the disease of entire families are known. Much depends on the state of immunity and the body’s defenses that can resist viruses, bacteria and infections.

Is it possible to sunbathe with pink lichen?

One of the types of therapy for this dermatological disease is light therapy. Moderate exposure to ultraviolet radiation has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, stimulating its regeneration. Combustion must not be allowed. This will lead to increased itching in the area of ​​the spots.

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Our experts are ready to advise you by phone:

+7 (495) 775-73-60

How to treat lichen? ~ Expert advice

Lichen is a term for a group of dermatological pathologies that cause similar elements of a rash in the form of small nodules and spots. Not all types of lichen in humans are contagious, since both viral and fungal agents, as well as endocrine, neurological or genetic disorders, can cause these diseases. The external manifestations of these pathologies are so similar that only a doctor after a complete examination can make a correct diagnosis, determine how to treat lichen, and how to exclude its contagiousness.

Previously, the term “lychen” was used to refer to these diseases.

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Etiology and classification of lichen

Depending on the causes of development, several types of lichen are distinguished:

• Shingles.
  It is contagious, caused by the causative agent of chicken pox (Varicella zoster, a virus of the Herpesviridae family). It often develops in older or middle-aged people, children who come into contact with such patients get chickenpox.
• Ringworm (trichophytosis, microsporia).
  Refers to contagious, provoked by fungi of the genus Trichophyton or Microsporum canis, ferrugineum or audoin, which are often carried by homeless animals: cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, etc. The risk of infection increases with frequent contact with the source of infection: when working in veterinary clinics, feeding stray cats and dogs, working on livestock farms, etc.
• Black (epidermal cladosporiosis, black microsporosis).
  Refers to infectious mycosis, caused by Cladosporium wemeckii and Stenella arguata, which are more common in areas with hot and humid climates: Southeast Asia, Africa, countries of the tropical zone of America.
• Pityriasis (multicolor).
  Refers to slightly contagious keratomycosis, since infection is likely only against the background of predisposing factors with prolonged and close contact with the patient. Caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, Pityrpsporum orbiculare or ovale.
• Pink (pityriasis, Gibert’s disease).
  Not considered contagious. The exact causes of lichen are still unknown, its infectious-allergic nature is assumed.
• Flat red (skin and mouth).
  Is not contagious, the exact causes of development are not yet known. Often observed with stress, pathologies of the digestive tract, liver and pancreas, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, toxic-allergic reactions, for example, with long-term use of tetracycline and gold preparations, in people whose work consists in developing color film or is associated with contact with paraphenyldiamine.
• White (solar).
  Not infectious, causes of development are not yet known exactly. But, most likely, they are associated with the activity of Malassezia fungi, which secrete a component that stops the flow of ultraviolet radiation to the skin and slows down the delivery of melanin.
• Scaly (psoriasis).
  Not contagious, presumably caused by multifactorial causes: heredity, neurotic reactions, past infections.
• Weepy (eczema).
  Not contagious, can be provoked by many or several reasons at once: disorders of the immune system, allergies, endocrine pathologies, disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, stress, work in hazardous industries, trophic disorders in advanced varicose veins, etc.
• Scleroatrophic (white spot disease, vulvar/penis kraurosis, guttate scleroderma).
  Is non-contagious, the causes are not yet well understood, usually occurs against the background of hereditary predisposition, autoimmune disorders, hormonal imbalance, endocrine pathologies or frequent psycho-emotional stress.
• Linear (strip).
  Not contagious, the causes of development are not yet known exactly, most likely, they are associated with congenital changes in the development of nerve and skin tissues or the disease develops as neurodermatitis, often occurs at 2-3 years.
• Ringworm brilliant.
  Not contagious, suspected infectious-allergic nature of the disease.

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Ways of infection we deprive

Lichen in humans can be contagious or non-contagious. In non-contagious forms, causes or predisposing factors are the impetus for the appearance of rashes. Infectious types of lichen occur through contact with sick people or animals. The likelihood of their development increases non-compliance with hygiene rules, skin injury and reduced immunity.

The causative agent of herpes zoster is transmitted by airborne, contact or transplacental routes. Before the appearance of the first manifestations, it takes from 11 to 21 days (on average 2 weeks).

Fungal causative agents of lichen are transmitted by contact. Such highly contagious mycoses as microsporia and trichophytosis often appear after contact with sick animals. They quickly spread in a team or family through household items contaminated with fungal spores or by direct contact with the affected skin. The peak incidence is in May-September. The incubation period is about a week.

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Clinical manifestations of lichen

Signs of lichen depend on its type. The main manifestation of these diseases is a rash in the form of small vesicles, which usually itch, merge into spots, have even outlines and peel off. Symptoms of lichen give the patient both physical and psychological inconvenience due to the appearance of a cosmetic defect.

Herpes zoster

Manifestations may vary from mild to severe. Approximately 3-4 days before the rash appears, the patient feels pain along the nerves. Then on the body, usually in the intercostal region, bubbles with fluid appear, which merge into pinkish itchy spots. After opening the elements of the rash, a crust appears, sometimes peeling.

In addition to external manifestations, the signs of shingles will be supplemented by a deterioration in well-being. In mild cases, only symptoms of general intoxication (fever, weakness, etc.) are observed, with a complicated course – manifestations of CNS damage.

Ringworm (trichophytosis, microsporia)

This ringworm in a person can appear on any part of the smooth skin or scalp, less often on the nails. On the affected area, pinkish spots with even outlines appear, which consist of small bubbles. At the initial stage, they do not cause itching, and it sometimes appears only with time.

The vital activity of fungi leads to hair loss in the spot area. When localized on the scalp, noticeable bald spots are formed, on which “hair hemp” is visible. The infection can spread by self-infection throughout the body. Sometimes the foci of lichen suppurate.

Black lichen

Small, dark lesions appear on the palms, feet and fingers or on the forearms and trunk. Over time, they grow, brighten in the center, grow together and form polycyclic areas. Outwardly, they can resemble melanoma. When viewed through a magnifying glass, small scales are visible on the surface.

Pityriasis versicolor (varicolored)

Symptoms of this variety are multiple rounded spots up to 1 cm in diameter slightly protruding above the skin. The color of the rashes varies and can be coffee, yellow, pink-brown or brown. The edges of the lichen are uneven. Over time, the spots peel off and itch a little. Under the influence of the sun, the rash often regresses. After their elimination, the affected area does not tan and remains white.

Pityriasis rosea (Giber’s disease)

Approximately 50-80% of patients initially have only one (sometimes 2-3) maternal plaque of a bright pink color with signs of peeling and about 3-5 cm in size. It is most often localized on the chest.

After 7-10 days, new lesions appear in the form of smaller pink spots of a round or oval shape on the skin of the arms, legs and torso. Within 2 days, the spots increase to 2 cm or more. They don’t tend to bleed.

Over time, the center of the spots turns yellow, covered with small scales and peels off. The appearance of the spot resembles a medallion. Itching is present in half of the patients, in 25% it is severe. After 6-8 weeks, the rashes are eliminated. Pigmented or depigmented areas remain on the skin, which are eliminated over time. There are usually no relapses.

Lichen planus (skin and mouth)

On the skin, the rash looks like multiple red-violet or crimson papules (2-5 mm) with a retracted middle and a waxy sheen. Peeling is usually slight, sometimes similar to psoriasis. The rash is arranged in groups in the form of rings, garlands or lines. Manifestations of itching can be expressed in varying degrees. After the rash is eliminated, persistent hyperpigmentation remains.

When the oral cavity is affected, lichen occurs in different forms:

• typical – gray-white nodules appear on the mucosa (up to 2 mm), when merged, they resemble a lace pattern;
• exudative-hyperemic – grayish papules appear on the reddened and edematous mucosa;
• hyperkeratolytic – gray plaques appear, which eventually coarsen, rise and cause a feeling of roughness and dryness in the mouth;
• erosive-ulcerative – the mucosa is covered with bleeding ulcers and erosions with fibrinous plaque;
• bullous – there are bullous blisters (up to 1.5 cm) with bloody exudate, which open and form erosions with fibrinous plaque;
• atypical – rash occurs on the gums and upper lip.

One patient may have features of several forms. In 1% of patients (usually elderly), the rash becomes malignant.

Lichen scaly (psoriasis)

The rash is usually located on the extensor (rarely on the flexor) surface of the limbs. Sometimes appears on the scalp, soles, palms and genitals. The elements of the rash are represented by papules in the form of a rounded spot with clear contours. They are covered with dense silvery-white scales. After regression of the spot, areas of depigmentation remain.

Lichen lichen

Appears as small white round spots that appear in spring and summer. They protrude above the surface of the skin, itch, become inflamed and flaky. Melanin does not enter them and burns occur when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. White deprive can become chronic.

Weeping lichen (eczema)

The disease is chronic. Manifested by rashes in the form of clusters of bubbles in the area of ​​reddening of the skin. After the release of exudate, erosions with a soft crust are formed. The rash is very itchy and the constant itching can cause insomnia.

Lichen sclerosus

Lesions are located near the armpits, on the chest, neck, thighs, pubis and genitals. Most often occur in women 35-50 years old. The elements look like white papules that transform into light or pink plaques rising above the skin. They flake and itch a lot. Over time, the plaques atrophy and can lead to cancer of the skin and genital organs.

Lichen linear

The rash appears very quickly and appears as papular-squamous elements (about 2-3 mm) protruding above the skin, pink or bright red. They are arranged in straight, wavy, or whorled stripes 1–2 cm wide and 5–30 cm long. The rash usually does not itch, gradually brightens, and leaves self-resolving foci of depigmentation.

Lichen brilliant

More common in boys under 6 years of age. The rash almost never affects the face, head, palms, and soles. Usually located on the head of the penis, the skin of the lower abdomen, knees and elbows. The rash appears as shiny, firm, pearly, flat nodules that are close together but do not coalesce or peel. After a few weeks or years, the rash clears up on its own.

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Features of the course of lichen during pregnancy

The likelihood of developing or exacerbating lichen during pregnancy increases, since powerful hormonal changes occur in the body and immunity decreases. The danger to gestation and the fetus is determined by the type of lichen. Treatment should be carried out taking into account the gestational age.

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Features of lichen in children

Lichen in children is detected more often than in adults. The risk of infection with infectious species is higher because children often do not follow the rules of personal hygiene and the skin is more susceptible to infections.

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Complications of lichen

The nature and severity of the consequences of lichen are determined by its type. The unaesthetic symptoms of these diseases often cause psychological problems and neuroses. Shingles can lead to severe lesions:

• CNS – meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis;
• organs of vision – neuritis of the optic or oculomotor nerves, keratitis, etc.

Psoriatic lichen provokes arthritis, scleroatrophic and red flat – malignancy.

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Diagnosis of lichen

You can find out how to treat lichen after a detailed examination, which is carried out individually for each patient.

If signs of lichen appear, consult a dermatologist. After a careful study of all complaints and examination, the doctor may prescribe a number of additional studies:

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• dermatoscopy;
• inspection with Wood’s lamp;
• assayed by Balzer et al.;
• microscopy of skin scrapings;
• skin biopsy;
• general blood and urine analysis;
• immunogram, etc.

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If necessary, the patient is assigned additional studies or consultations of a trichologist, immunologist, endocrinologist and other specialized specialists. Be sure to carry out differential diagnosis with other dermatological pathologies.

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Lichen treatment

Treatment for lichen is determined by its type. In infectious forms, isolation of the patient is recommended. The need for hospitalization is determined individually. The doctor may recommend the restriction of water procedures, contact with the sun, the use of cosmetics, the treatment of clothes and linen by boiling. All patients should wear comfortable clothing made from natural fabrics.

Antiviral and antifungal drugs may be given to treat lichen caused by viruses and fungi. If necessary, symptomatic therapy is used: antipyretics, antihistamines, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc. In severe cases, the doctor may prescribe systemic glucocorticoids. To enhance the immune response, vitamin, tonic and immunomodulatory drugs are used.

Local treatment of lichen may include the use of various agents:

• antiseptic solutions;
• skin dryers;
• antifungal ointments;
• antiviral ointments;
• glucocorticoid topical preparations;
• wound healing agents.

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Drug therapy can be supplemented by physiotherapeutic procedures: electrophoresis, ultraviolet radiation, PUVA therapy, balneotherapy, mud therapy, etc. In some cases, spa treatment is recommended.

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Prevention of lichen

To prevent lichen it is necessary: ​​

• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• strengthen immunity;
• choose quality skin care products;
• timely treat chronic diseases;
• limit contact with harmful chemicals;
• limit contact with stray or sick animals.

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Q&A

Is shingles contagious?

Shingles is contagious, the disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. With primary infection, the development of chicken pox is observed. Re-infection provokes the development of lichen. For a long time, a person can be a virus carrier without presenting a danger to others. The virus is transmitted by contact: through body fluids, airborne droplets, from mother to fetus, through household items.

Can an allergy look like lichen?

At the beginning of the disease, lichen has the same manifestations as an allergy. The lesions are similar in shape, location, and color. But there are also distinctive signs: a rash with lichen has a clear outline and is located on well-defined areas of the body, itching rarely appears, but fever and an increase in lymph nodes are often noted. With allergies, on the contrary, rashes spread randomly throughout the body, the skin swells, the patient is worried about severe itching. The temperature during an allergic reaction most often rises only in children. To differentiate the disease, consultation with an allergist is necessary. If any rash appears in a child, it is necessary to contact a pediatrician and a pediatric allergist.

What does sunburn look like?

Solar lichen, or sun sickness, is a seasonal disease that appears under direct sunlight. Characteristic signs of lichen from the sun: hyperpigmentation and peeling. Spots of various shapes of pale pink color, most often appear on the back, shoulders, neck, chest and abdomen, in the sun the spots become lighter than healthy skin areas. With mechanical action, contact with clothing, the spots begin to peel off.

How to smear pityriasis versicolor?

One of the main treatments for pityriasis versicolor is topical therapy. Antifungal drugs (ointments, creams, sprays, shampoos and special solutions with antimycotic properties) are applied to the affected areas of the skin, sulfuric and salicylic ointments are widely used. A prerequisite for successful treatment of lichen is a consultation with a dermatologist.

Can lichen be cured with vinegar or iodine?

Vinegar and iodine are often used to treat lichen at home. Dermatologists strongly discourage the use of these products and self-medication. Vinegar (vinegar essence) and iodine, with prolonged use, can cause severe skin burns. If a child has any rashes and skin lesions, a consultation with a pediatric dermatologist is necessary.

Why is pityriasis versicolor dangerous?

Despite seeming safety, the consequences of pityriasis versicolor can be extremely unfavorable. These complications include: dermatitis, allergic skin reactions, cosmetic defect and psychological discomfort. The disease is prone to frequent relapses.

How does rosacea appear?

Pityriasis rosea develops against the background of a weakened immune system, after hypothermia or an infectious disease. Infectious agents are a “trigger” for the development of an allergic reaction in the form of lichen. Stress, digestive and metabolic disorders, insect bites, etc. can provoke the development of the disease. Any manifestations of pink lichen in a child is a reason to sign up for a consultation with a pediatric immunologist. The doctor will find out the causes of the disease, prescribe the necessary treatment, tell you how to strengthen the immune system.

Can ringworm go away without treatment?

Ringworm, or microsporia, is a fungal disease that affects the top layer of the skin. On its own, without proper treatment, ringworm disappears only in rare cases. In order to find out how to permanently get rid of the disease, you need to consult a trichologist.

Is it possible to do Mantoux if the child has lichen?

Lichen in a child is one of the relative contraindications for the Mantoux test, as the results may be distorted. Testing is allowed after recovery. At a consultation with a pediatrician before a Mantoux test or vaccination, it is necessary to report all rashes and spots in the child.

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The article is for informational purposes only. Please remember: self-medication can harm your health.

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Ph.D.

Expert in the direction:

Efimova Victoria Olegovna

Dermatovenereologist, pediatric dermatovenereologist, dermatologist, trichologist

Which doctor treats lichen?

Call center operators will help you find out which doctor treats lichen at the MEDICOM clinic in the Obolon and Pechersk subdivisions. You can treat lichen in the city of Kyiv with the help of professionals. Our clinic has all conditions for proper diagnosis and treatment, children are treated by pediatric dermatologists, consultation of a pediatric immunologist is possible. Contact us and we will help you restore the health of your skin.

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Departure of emergency teams is carried out in all districts of Kiev (Obolon, Pechersk, Podil, Svyatoshino, Darnitsa, Goloseevsky, Shevchenkovsky, Solomensky, Dneprovsky, Desnyansky) and suburbs (Vyshgorod, Bucha, Irpin, Brovary).

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Reviews

30.04.2023 12:00

Oleg

Thank you for the information. Until tsієї statti thinking that everything is contagious. In the future, I will know what to do. P.S. I have been going to the clinic for a long time, make sure everything is on top!

11.02.2023 17:57

Nina

An interesting and very informative article. Separately, I will say about the doctor. I visited Alexei Valerievich a few months ago, as it turned out, with psoriasis. He prescribed a very effective and simple treatment, the most difficult thing in it is to stick to a diet. But the symptoms of the sore have already decreased.

01.12.2022 22:01

Lutsenko Katerina

I have psoriasis (lichen lichen) as a child and it’s unacceptable if people start to feel like a leper….think what is contagious people.0003

03/12/2021 09:42

Alexander 54

Sprinkled all over my body, I thought it was an allergy, thanks, I’m going to the doctor tomorrow.