How effective is aspirin for treating migraines. What is the recommended dosage for migraine relief. What are the potential side effects of using aspirin for migraines. Is low-dose aspirin beneficial for preventing chronic migraines. Who should avoid taking aspirin for migraine treatment.

Understanding Migraine and Its Symptoms

Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by intense, throbbing headaches that can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. These debilitating attacks often come with additional symptoms that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

What are the common symptoms associated with migraines? Typical migraine symptoms include:

• Severe, pulsating headache (often on one side of the head)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Heightened sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
• Visual disturbances (aura) in some cases

Given the disruptive nature of migraines, finding effective treatment options is crucial for those who suffer from this condition. One such option that has gained attention in recent years is the use of aspirin.

The Science Behind Aspirin’s Effectiveness for Migraines

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a widely available over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). While commonly used for mild to moderate pain relief, research has shown promising results in its application for migraine treatment.

How does aspirin work to alleviate migraine symptoms? The mechanism of action involves two primary properties:

1. Analgesic effect: Aspirin inhibits the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that play a role in pain signaling.
2. Anti-inflammatory action: By blocking prostaglandin production, aspirin also reduces inflammation, which is believed to be a contributing factor in migraine attacks.

These properties make aspirin a potentially effective option for both acute migraine relief and long-term prevention of chronic migraines.

Clinical Evidence Supporting Aspirin Use for Migraines

Several high-quality studies and literature reviews have examined the efficacy of aspirin in treating migraines. What does the research say about aspirin’s effectiveness?

A comprehensive 2013 literature review analyzed 13 studies involving 4,222 participants. The findings were quite promising:

• 52% of participants who took a 1,000-milligram (mg) dose of aspirin experienced migraine relief within 2 hours, compared to 32% in the placebo group.
• 1 in 4 people who took the 1,000-mg aspirin dose reported complete pain relief, versus 1 in 10 in the placebo group.
• Aspirin combined with the anti-nausea drug metoclopramide (Reglan) was more effective at reducing nausea than aspirin alone.

The review also found that aspirin’s efficacy was comparable to low-dose sumatriptan, a common migraine medication, though not as effective as high-dose sumatriptan.

A more recent 2020 literature review corroborated these findings, concluding that high-dose aspirin is both safe and effective for acute migraine treatment. Additionally, this review suggested that low, daily doses of aspirin may help prevent chronic migraines.

Aspirin Dosage Recommendations for Migraine Treatment

Determining the right dosage of aspirin for migraine treatment is crucial for maximizing its benefits while minimizing potential side effects. What are the recommended aspirin doses for migraine relief?

Recent research suggests the following dosage guidelines:

• For acute migraine attacks: 900 to 1,300 mg at the onset of symptoms
• For prevention of recurring migraines: 81 to 325 mg daily

It’s important to note that these dosages should be discussed with a healthcare provider before implementation. The American Headache Society recommends that preventive treatments be prescribed on a trial basis of 2 to 3 months to avoid medication overuse.

Tips for Taking Aspirin Safely

• Take aspirin with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects
• Follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding dosage and frequency
• Do not exceed the recommended dose without consulting your healthcare provider
• If using aspirin for prevention, maintain consistent daily use as directed

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Aspirin Use

While aspirin can be an effective treatment for migraines, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects and risks associated with its use. What are the common side effects of aspirin?

Common side effects may include:

• Upset stomach or heartburn
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Increased bleeding tendency
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) at high doses
• Allergic reactions (rare)

The risk of side effects may increase with higher doses and more frequent use. It’s crucial to discuss your aspirin regimen with your doctor to minimize these risks.

Who Should Avoid Aspirin for Migraine Treatment?

Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid using aspirin altogether. These include:

• Children under 16 years old (due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome)
• People with allergies to NSAIDs
• Individuals with blood clotting disorders
• Those with a history of stomach ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
• People with liver or kidney disease
• Pregnant women (unless specifically recommended by a doctor)

Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication regimen, including aspirin for migraine treatment.

Comparing Aspirin to Other Migraine Treatments

While aspirin has shown promise in treating migraines, it’s natural to wonder how it stacks up against other available treatments. How does aspirin compare to other migraine medications?

Aspirin vs. Triptans:

• Triptans (e.g., sumatriptan) are specifically designed for migraine relief
• High-dose aspirin has been found to be as effective as low-dose sumatriptan
• Triptans may be more effective for severe migraines or those unresponsive to NSAIDs

Aspirin vs. Other NSAIDs:

• Ibuprofen and naproxen are other commonly used NSAIDs for migraine relief
• Studies have shown similar efficacy among these medications
• Individual response may vary, so finding the most effective NSAID can be a matter of trial and error

Aspirin vs. Acetaminophen:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is another over-the-counter pain reliever
• Some studies suggest aspirin may be more effective for migraine relief
• Acetaminophen may be preferred for those with contraindications to NSAIDs

Integrating Aspirin into a Comprehensive Migraine Management Plan

While aspirin can be an effective tool in managing migraines, it’s important to consider it as part of a broader treatment strategy. How can aspirin be incorporated into a comprehensive migraine management plan?

Acute Treatment Strategies

For immediate relief of migraine attacks, consider the following approaches:

• Take aspirin at the first sign of migraine symptoms
• Combine aspirin with an anti-nausea medication if needed
• Use aspirin in conjunction with non-pharmacological methods like resting in a dark, quiet room
• Stay hydrated and avoid potential trigger foods during an attack

Preventive Measures

For those considering low-dose aspirin for migraine prevention, integrate it with other preventive strategies:

• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
• Identify and avoid personal migraine triggers
• Consider dietary changes or supplements recommended by your healthcare provider
• Explore other preventive medications if aspirin alone is not sufficient

Lifestyle Modifications

Complement aspirin use with lifestyle changes that may reduce migraine frequency and severity:

• Regular exercise (with caution to avoid exercise-induced migraines)
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake
• Practicing good posture and ergonomics
• Managing other health conditions that may contribute to migraines

Remember that the effectiveness of aspirin and other treatments can vary from person to person. Work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a tailored migraine management plan that best suits your individual needs and medical history.

The Future of Migraine Treatment: Beyond Aspirin

While aspirin remains a valuable tool in the migraine treatment arsenal, ongoing research continues to explore new and innovative approaches to managing this complex neurological condition. What emerging treatments and research directions are shaping the future of migraine care?

CGRP Antagonists

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists represent a breakthrough in migraine treatment. These medications target the CGRP protein, which is believed to play a crucial role in migraine pathophysiology. Several CGRP antagonists have been approved for both acute and preventive treatment of migraines, offering new hope for those who haven’t responded well to traditional therapies.

Neuromodulation Devices

Non-invasive neuromodulation devices are gaining traction as a drug-free alternative for migraine treatment. These devices use electrical or magnetic stimulation to target specific nerves involved in migraine pain. Examples include:

• Transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation
• Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
• Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation

Personalized Medicine Approaches

Advances in genetic research and biomarker identification are paving the way for more personalized migraine treatments. This approach aims to match patients with the most effective treatments based on their individual genetic makeup and biological characteristics, potentially improving outcomes and reducing trial-and-error in treatment selection.

Combination Therapies

Researchers are exploring the potential of combining different treatment modalities to enhance efficacy. This may include combinations of:

• Multiple pharmacological agents
• Medications with neuromodulation techniques
• Drug therapies with targeted lifestyle interventions

As these new treatments emerge, it’s important to remember that established options like aspirin still play a valuable role in migraine management. The future of migraine care will likely involve a diverse array of treatment options, allowing for more personalized and effective management strategies.

Conclusion: The Role of Aspirin in Modern Migraine Management

As we’ve explored throughout this article, aspirin has demonstrated significant potential as both an acute treatment and preventive measure for migraines. Its accessibility, affordability, and well-established safety profile make it an attractive option for many migraine sufferers.

Key takeaways about aspirin for migraine treatment include:

• High-dose aspirin (900-1300 mg) can effectively relieve acute migraine pain in many individuals
• Low-dose daily aspirin may help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in some people
• Aspirin’s efficacy is comparable to some prescription migraine medications
• Side effects and risks should be carefully considered, especially for long-term use
• Aspirin should be used as part of a comprehensive migraine management plan

While aspirin offers a valuable treatment option, it’s crucial to remember that migraine management is highly individualized. What works for one person may not be as effective for another. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy for your specific situation.

As research continues to advance our understanding of migraines and uncover new treatment possibilities, aspirin remains a time-tested tool in the migraine management toolkit. By staying informed about both established and emerging treatment options, migraine sufferers can work with their healthcare providers to develop the most effective strategies for managing their condition and improving their quality of life.

Aspirin for Migraine: Dosage, Side Effects, More

Migraine causes intense, throbbing pain that can last from a couple of hours to several days. These attacks may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, or increased sensitivity to light and sound.

Aspirin is a well-known over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that’s used to treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation. It contains the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the clinical evidence regarding aspirin’s use as a migraine treatment, the recommended dosage, as well as possible side effects.

Most available research suggests that a high dose of aspirin is effective at reducing pain and inflammation associated with migraine.

A 2013 literature review evaluated 13 high-quality studies with a total of 4,222 participants. The researchers reported that a 1,000-milligram (mg) dose of aspirin taken orally had the ability to:

• provide relief from migraine within 2 hours for 52 percent of aspirin users, compared to 32 percent who took a placebo
• reduce headache pain from moderate or severe to no pain at all in 1 in 4 people who took this aspirin dose, compared to 1 in 10 who took a placebo
• reduce nausea more effectively when combined with anti-nausea drug metoclopramide (Reglan) than with just aspirin alone

The researchers of this literature review also reported that aspirin is as effective as low dose sumatriptan, a common drug for acute migraine, but not as effective as high dose sumatriptan.

A 2020 literature review reported similar results. After analyzing 13 randomized trials, the authors concluded that a high dose of aspirin is a safe and effective treatment for migraine.

The authors also reported that a low, daily dose of aspirin may be an effective way of preventing chronic migraine. This, of course, depends on your condition and you should speak with your doctor before starting any daily medication.

This finding was supported by a 2017 literature review of eight high-quality studies. The authors concluded that a daily dose of aspirin may reduce the overall frequency of migraine attacks.

In summary, according to clinical research, aspirin appears to be effective at both:

• alleviating acute migraine pain (high dose, as-needed)
• reducing migraine frequency (low, daily dose)

Before you start taking aspirin as a preventive measure, keep reading to find out how it works and why many doctors may not recommend it.

While we don’t know the exact mechanism behind aspirin’s effectiveness in treating migraine, the following properties probably help:

• Analgesic. Aspirin is effective at relieving mild to moderate pain and inflammation. It works by preventing the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like chemicals that play a role in pain.
• Anti-inflammatory. Prostaglandins also contribute to inflammation. By blocking prostaglandin production, aspirin also targets inflammation, a factor in migraine attacks.

Your doctor will consider a number of factors to determine what dose of aspirin is safe for you to take. If your doctor deems that aspirin is safe for you, the recommended dosage will depend on the severity, duration, and frequency of your migraine symptoms.

Recent research suggests the following doses for migraine:

• 900 to 1,300 mg at the onset of a migraine attacks
• 81 to 325 mg per day for recurring migraine attacks

You should speak with your doctor about the use of aspirin for the prevention of migraine attacks. The American Headache Society recommends that preventive treatments be prescribed on a trial of 2 to 3 months to avoid overuse.

Taking aspirin with food can help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Aspirin isn’t right for everyone. Children under the age of 16 shouldn’t take aspirin. Aspirin can increase a child’s risk of developing Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious illness that causes liver and brain damage.

Aspirin poses additional risks to people who currently have or have previously had:

• allergies to NSAIDs
• blood clotting problems
• gout
• heavy menstrual periods
• liver or kidney disease
• stomach ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
• bleeding within the brain or other organ system

Let your doctor know if you’re pregnant. Aspirin may be used in special circumstances during pregnancy such as a clotting disorder. It’s not recommended unless there is an underlying medical condition that warrants it.

Like most drugs, aspirin comes with a risk of possible side effects. These can be mild or more serious. How much aspirin you take and how often you take it can increase your risk of side effects.

It’s important to talk to your doctor about your aspirin dosage to reduce the risk of possible side effects. It’s important not to take aspirin on a daily basis without first talking to your doctor.

Common side effects

• upset stomach
• indigestion
• nausea
• bleeding and bruising more easily

Serious side effects

• stomach bleeding
• kidney failure
• liver damage
• hemorrhagic stroke
• anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction

Drug interactions

Aspirin can interact with other drugs you’re taking. It’s important not to take aspirin with:

• other blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin)
• defibrotide
• dichlorphenamide
• live influenza vaccines
• ketorolac (Toradol)

Make sure to provide your doctor with a complete list of both prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins you’re taking to avoid possible interactions.

Aspirin is one of many medications that can help ease migraine.

Your doctor will consider a variety of factors — such as how quickly your migraine escalates and whether you have other symptoms — when determining which medications are right for you.

Medications commonly prescribed for acute migraine attacks include:

• other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
• triptans, such as sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, or naratriptan
• ergot alkaloids, such as dihydroergotamine mesylate or ergotamine
• gepants
• ditans

If you have an average of four or more migraine attack days per month, your doctor might also prescribe drugs to reduce their frequency.

Some medications commonly prescribed to help prevent migraine include:

• antidepressants
• anticonvulsants
• medications for high blood pressure, such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium-channel blockers
• CGRP inhibitors, a new migraine medication that blocks inflammation and pain
• botulinum toxin (Botox)

Lifestyle and natural options

Lifestyle factors can also play a role in migraine management. Stress, in particular, is a common migraine trigger. You might be able to ease migraine symptoms by adopting healthy stress management techniques, such as:

• yoga
• meditation
• breathing exercises
• muscle relaxation

Getting adequate sleep, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly may also help.

Integrative treatments for migraine that some people find helpful include:

• biofeedback
• acupuncture
• herbal supplements

However, more research is needed to determine if these treatments are effective for helping to ease migraine symptoms.

Triptans, ergotamines, gepants, ditans, and NSAIDS are first-line treatments for acute migraine attacks. All have clinical evidence for their use.

Aspirin is a well-known over-the-counter NSAID that’s often used to treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation.

Research has shown that when taken in high doses, aspirin can be effective at alleviating acute migraine pain. Taken at lower doses on a regular basis, aspirin may help reduce migraine frequency, but the length of time should be discussed with your doctor.

As with most medications, aspirin can have side effects and may not be safe for everyone. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out if aspirin is safe for you as a migraine medication.

Aspirin for Migraine: Dosage, Side Effects, More

Migraine causes intense, throbbing pain that can last from a couple of hours to several days. These attacks may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, or increased sensitivity to light and sound.

Aspirin is a well-known over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that’s used to treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation. It contains the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the clinical evidence regarding aspirin’s use as a migraine treatment, the recommended dosage, as well as possible side effects.

Most available research suggests that a high dose of aspirin is effective at reducing pain and inflammation associated with migraine.

A 2013 literature review evaluated 13 high-quality studies with a total of 4,222 participants. The researchers reported that a 1,000-milligram (mg) dose of aspirin taken orally had the ability to:

• provide relief from migraine within 2 hours for 52 percent of aspirin users, compared to 32 percent who took a placebo
• reduce headache pain from moderate or severe to no pain at all in 1 in 4 people who took this aspirin dose, compared to 1 in 10 who took a placebo
• reduce nausea more effectively when combined with anti-nausea drug metoclopramide (Reglan) than with just aspirin alone

The researchers of this literature review also reported that aspirin is as effective as low dose sumatriptan, a common drug for acute migraine, but not as effective as high dose sumatriptan.

A 2020 literature review reported similar results. After analyzing 13 randomized trials, the authors concluded that a high dose of aspirin is a safe and effective treatment for migraine.

The authors also reported that a low, daily dose of aspirin may be an effective way of preventing chronic migraine. This, of course, depends on your condition and you should speak with your doctor before starting any daily medication.

This finding was supported by a 2017 literature review of eight high-quality studies. The authors concluded that a daily dose of aspirin may reduce the overall frequency of migraine attacks.

In summary, according to clinical research, aspirin appears to be effective at both:

• alleviating acute migraine pain (high dose, as-needed)
• reducing migraine frequency (low, daily dose)

Before you start taking aspirin as a preventive measure, keep reading to find out how it works and why many doctors may not recommend it.

While we don’t know the exact mechanism behind aspirin’s effectiveness in treating migraine, the following properties probably help:

• Analgesic. Aspirin is effective at relieving mild to moderate pain and inflammation. It works by preventing the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like chemicals that play a role in pain.
• Anti-inflammatory. Prostaglandins also contribute to inflammation. By blocking prostaglandin production, aspirin also targets inflammation, a factor in migraine attacks.

Your doctor will consider a number of factors to determine what dose of aspirin is safe for you to take. If your doctor deems that aspirin is safe for you, the recommended dosage will depend on the severity, duration, and frequency of your migraine symptoms.

Recent research suggests the following doses for migraine:

• 900 to 1,300 mg at the onset of a migraine attacks
• 81 to 325 mg per day for recurring migraine attacks

You should speak with your doctor about the use of aspirin for the prevention of migraine attacks. The American Headache Society recommends that preventive treatments be prescribed on a trial of 2 to 3 months to avoid overuse.

Taking aspirin with food can help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Aspirin isn’t right for everyone. Children under the age of 16 shouldn’t take aspirin. Aspirin can increase a child’s risk of developing Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious illness that causes liver and brain damage.

Aspirin poses additional risks to people who currently have or have previously had:

• allergies to NSAIDs
• blood clotting problems
• gout
• heavy menstrual periods
• liver or kidney disease
• stomach ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
• bleeding within the brain or other organ system

Let your doctor know if you’re pregnant. Aspirin may be used in special circumstances during pregnancy such as a clotting disorder. It’s not recommended unless there is an underlying medical condition that warrants it.

Like most drugs, aspirin comes with a risk of possible side effects. These can be mild or more serious. How much aspirin you take and how often you take it can increase your risk of side effects.

It’s important to talk to your doctor about your aspirin dosage to reduce the risk of possible side effects. It’s important not to take aspirin on a daily basis without first talking to your doctor.

Common side effects

• upset stomach
• indigestion
• nausea
• bleeding and bruising more easily

Serious side effects

• stomach bleeding
• kidney failure
• liver damage
• hemorrhagic stroke
• anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction

Drug interactions

Aspirin can interact with other drugs you’re taking. It’s important not to take aspirin with:

• other blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin)
• defibrotide
• dichlorphenamide
• live influenza vaccines
• ketorolac (Toradol)

Make sure to provide your doctor with a complete list of both prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins you’re taking to avoid possible interactions.

Aspirin is one of many medications that can help ease migraine.

Your doctor will consider a variety of factors — such as how quickly your migraine escalates and whether you have other symptoms — when determining which medications are right for you.

Medications commonly prescribed for acute migraine attacks include:

• other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
• triptans, such as sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, or naratriptan
• ergot alkaloids, such as dihydroergotamine mesylate or ergotamine
• gepants
• ditans

If you have an average of four or more migraine attack days per month, your doctor might also prescribe drugs to reduce their frequency.

Some medications commonly prescribed to help prevent migraine include:

• antidepressants
• anticonvulsants
• medications for high blood pressure, such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium-channel blockers
• CGRP inhibitors, a new migraine medication that blocks inflammation and pain
• botulinum toxin (Botox)

Lifestyle and natural options

Lifestyle factors can also play a role in migraine management. Stress, in particular, is a common migraine trigger. You might be able to ease migraine symptoms by adopting healthy stress management techniques, such as:

• yoga
• meditation
• breathing exercises
• muscle relaxation

Getting adequate sleep, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly may also help.

Integrative treatments for migraine that some people find helpful include:

• biofeedback
• acupuncture
• herbal supplements

However, more research is needed to determine if these treatments are effective for helping to ease migraine symptoms.

Triptans, ergotamines, gepants, ditans, and NSAIDS are first-line treatments for acute migraine attacks. All have clinical evidence for their use.

Aspirin is a well-known over-the-counter NSAID that’s often used to treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation.

Research has shown that when taken in high doses, aspirin can be effective at alleviating acute migraine pain. Taken at lower doses on a regular basis, aspirin may help reduce migraine frequency, but the length of time should be discussed with your doctor.

As with most medications, aspirin can have side effects and may not be safe for everyone. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out if aspirin is safe for you as a migraine medication.

ASPIRIN® – reliable in the fight against colds

This review completes the series of articles on the undisputed leader among acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) drugs, which is ASPIRIN ® , which has been in the arsenal of doctors for more than a century. It has antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects, these effects have led to its widespread use in various fields of medicine. The demand for this drug is primarily due to its effectiveness and versatility. In previous articles, we told the extensive history of this drug, noted its significant role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, important issues of its safe use, the use of analgesic properties (see “APTEKA Weekly” No. 41 (612) dated October 22, 2007, No. 42 (613) from 29October 2007, No. 43 (614) dated November 5, 2007, No. 44 (615) dated November 12, 2007). Of course, a series of articles about the drug ASPIRIN ® would be incomplete without a story about its use as an antipyretic (antipyretic) agent.

The first preparations for the treatment of fever were salicylates, first of plant origin (willow bark, myrtle leaves). The appearance of the synthetic drug ASPIRIN 9 more than 100 years ago in the laboratory of Bayer0014 ® , an effective antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, has become one of the symbols and a significant achievement of the era of organic synthesis, which brought many new drugs to the world that saved millions of lives. This drug remains one of the most used analgesics and antipyretics today. In terms of frequency of use, ASA preparations occupy a leading position both in Ukraine and around the world. No country has introduced restrictions for the medical use of the drug ASPIRIN ^® and other ASA-containing medicines, both on the recommendations of doctors and as part of responsible self-treatment. This is facilitated by more than a century of experience in the use of these drugs, the reliability and predictability of treatment results.

Every year, millions of people around the world suffer from colds. This pathology is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms that lead to disability – headache and muscle pain, lacrimation and rhinorrhea, a feeling of general weakness. And one of the characteristic, unpleasant and threatening to health, and sometimes human life, symptoms is fever. It is a well-known fact that it is undesirable to carry a cold on your feet, this can lead to serious consequences, it is better to spend several days with a decrease in activity. But the important thing is that for more than a century ASPIRIN ^® allows people not to suffer from the symptoms of a cold, to endure this disease with minimal deterioration in the quality of life.

Currently, the mechanisms of action of ASA on the main symptoms of colds, and primarily on high temperature (hyperthermia), have been established.

Fever (from Latin febris) is a non-specific typical pathological process, one of the signs of which is a change in thermoregulation and an increase in body temperature. In evolution, fever arose as a protective and adaptive reaction of the body to infections, therefore, in addition to an increase in body temperature, other important processes characteristic of infectious pathology also occur:

– antibody formation processes are accelerated, immunity is stimulated, phagocytosis is activated;

– enzymatic activity increases, energy efficiency of various processes is ensured with minimal energy consumption;

– increases the detoxification function of the liver and other organs;

– the activity of infectious agents is suppressed;

– the stress reaction is activated – the general adaptation syndrome develops.

The cause of fever is two types of pyrogens (substances with certain thermoregulatory activity). These are exogenous (infectious nature – bacterial shells, bacterial toxins, viruses and protozoa, and non-infectious – drugs, foreign proteins) and endogenous (produced in body cells – neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages under the influence of exopyrogens). Exopyrogens do not cause fever, but only stimulate the production of endopyrogens. Upon contact with the neurons of the thermoregulation center, it is endopyrogens that move its established point of temperature perception to a higher level, and it remains there as long as the synthesis of leukocyte pyrogen continues in the body. After excitation of the neurons of the center, the mediator link is turned on, the production of prostaglandins E, serotonin begins. As a result of the action of pyrogens and mediators, the sensitivity of cold receptors increases and the sensitivity of heat receptors decreases. Due to this, the normal temperature is perceived as insufficient, heat production in the body increases and heat transfer decreases.

Depending on the rise in temperature, fever is divided into subfebrile (up to 38°C), mild (up to 38.5°C), moderate (febrile, up to 39°C), high (pyretic, up to 41°C) and excessive ( hyperpyretic, above 41°C). Hyperpyretic fever is life-threatening, especially in children and people with severe chronic diseases (cardiovascular, epilepsy, etc.).

During an increase in temperature, there may be a violation of thermoregulation – overheating, which has a central origin. If fever is a protective process, then overheating is damaging. The negative influence of high temperature is manifested by the following main effects:

– from the side of the central nervous system : changes in the processes of excitation and inhibition are noted, a slow alpha rhythm appears on the electroencephalogram, which is typical for inhibition of the cerebral cortex. Insomnia, fatigue, headache, loss of consciousness, delirium, hallucinations may also occur;

– from the side of the endocrine system : the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system is activated, signs of stress appear, the release of thyroid hormones increases, which ensures an increase in basal metabolism;

– from the side of the digestive system : decreased secretion of saliva (tongue dry), the amount and acidity of gastric juice, appetite worsens;

– the basal metabolism changes: against the background of an increase in temperature, the oxidation of carbohydrates is accelerated, and then fats. In a number of infectious diseases, protein metabolism is disturbed, the nitrogen balance becomes negative;

– characteristic changes in water and electrolyte metabolism occur: at the first stage, an increase in diuresis is noted due to an increase in blood pressure and blood flow to the internal organs, at the second – as a result of increased production of aldosterone, diuresis decreases, at the third – excretion of chlorides from the body is accelerated, water leaves body tissues, the amount of urine and sweat increases.

The oldest method of reducing temperature is physical. It is carried out by increasing heat transfer from the surface of the body – the use of compresses, immersion in a cold bath. This method is effective, however, in fact, it is counter-pathogenetic, since the cause of fever is not a lack of heat transfer, but a shift in the setting mark of the thermoregulation center. New opportunities for the treatment of fever arose with the advent of ASPIRIN ^® , the first representative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

All NSAIDs, including ASPIRIN ^® , do not affect normal or elevated body temperature due to overheating (heat stroke). The antipyretic effect in this case is associated with the inactivation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxane is disrupted. With a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, their pyrogenic effect on the thermoregulation center decreases, in which the normal activity of neurons is restored. The decrease in body temperature occurs due to an increase in heat transfer as a result of the expansion of skin vessels and sweating.

ASPIRIN ^® quickly and effectively lowers body temperature during fever. For its safe use, several factors must be considered. ASA is an effective antipyretic but should not be given to children under 12 years of age without prior medical advice. This is due to the risk of developing Reye’s syndrome – a rare, but dangerous and often life-threatening acute condition, which is manifested by encephalopathy (due to cerebral edema) and hepatosis – occurring in children during the treatment of fever of viral origin (influenza, measles, chicken pox) with drugs containing ACK. This information is contained in the instructions for the use of all drugs containing ASA, compliance with the recommendations given in them is the key to safe treatment.

In adults, a direct indication for the relief of fever is an increase in body temperature above 39°C, and in patients with severe concomitant pathology – above 38°C. A decrease in body temperature at such high rates can disrupt the development of the immune response to infection and should be treated with caution.

The study of the effect of ASPIRIN ^® on the course of colds has not yet been completed. In recent years, scientists have been paying close attention to the revealed ability of ASA to influence a specific protein – the NF-kappaB transcription factor, which is involved in the development of tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, and the introduction of HIV infection. Studies are underway on the possibility of using the drug ASPIRIN ^® in the treatment of tumors due to its effect on NF-kappaB. The same property prompted researchers to study the effect of ASA on the reproduction of the influenza virus. In a recent study published in the summer of 2007, it was shown that ASPIRIN ^® indeed suppresses the reproduction of influenza virus both in vitro and in vivo due to the suppression of NF-kappaB (Mazur I. et al., 2007 ). This study is one of many that opens a new milestone in the study of the mechanisms of action of the drug at a deeper molecular level.

In addition to fever, most colds are accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms – sore throat, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and lacrimation, muscle pain. In this situation, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ASA will come in handy. The effectiveness of ASPIRIN ^® in such symptoms has long been noted by patients and doctors in the process of using this drug for colds. However, recently data from a clinical study have been obtained, indicating a positive effect of ASA. The Common Cold Center at Cardiff University (UK) conducted a randomized placebo-controlled study involving 272 patients, in which it was shown that taking ASPIRIN ^® eliminates sore throat caused by this pathology for up to 6 hours, significantly reduces the severity of headache and muscle pain. However, no serious adverse reactions were noted in patients.

For optimal control of cold symptoms, combined forms of preparations are used, where ASPIRIN ^® is combined with other drugs for the purpose of a complex effect on the patient’s body.

Thus, ASPIRIN ^® C is a combined preparation of ASA and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The drug is available in the form of effervescent tablets that dissolve quickly in water and dissolve at room temperature. This form of release was not developed by chance – it makes the drug convenient to use for patients with such a symptom of a cold as a sore throat, when trying to swallow a pill or drink a hot drink causes discomfort. Vitamin C begins to break down at temperatures above 60°C, so dissolving it in cooler water will ensure that its biological activity is preserved. The aqueous solution is quickly absorbed and allows you to achieve a quick onset of the effect. Another important factor in the use of an effervescent tablet is that ASA dissolved in water does not precipitate. This helps prevent undissolved ASA from settling on the gastric mucosa and significantly reduces its direct damaging effect, which makes its use safer.

Ascorbic acid increases the body’s nonspecific resistance, exhibits an antioxidant effect, has a positive effect on the body’s leukocyte immune response, makes a significant contribution to the synthesis of intracellular substances (mucopolysaccharides), which, together with collagen fibers, ensure the integrity of capillary walls and thus reduce the permeability of vessel walls. ASA and vitamin C have a synergistic effect in colds – their joint use improves the immune response by increasing the survival of macrophages. This effect is associated with the recently discovered antioxidant property of ASA (Xianglin Shi et al., 1999), which protects macrophages sensitive to oxygen free radicals, thereby improving their functioning and increasing lifespan. The use of ASPIRIN ^® C is especially effective at the first signs of a cold and can even stop their development.

The second combined preparation is ASPIRIN ^® COMPLEX, containing, in addition to ASA, components that can have a positive effect on cold symptoms. The sympathomimetic phenylephrine bitartrate, when interacting with α-adrenergic receptors, causes narrowing of the arterioles of the nasal mucosa, helping to reduce swelling of the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, and facilitates nasal breathing. Chlorphenamine maleate is an H 9 inhibitor0125 1 -histamine receptors, has an antiallergic effect, reduces the permeability of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, eliminates itching in the eyes and nose, reduces sneezing and lacrimation.

The drug is available in the form of a powder, easily soluble in water at room temperature, which gives the above advantages when using it.

Thus, the appointment of this drug allows you to quickly and highly effectively reduce the severity of the main symptoms of colds. ASPIRIN ^® as an antipyretic can be seen as a classic example of the limitless possibilities of knowledge that reveal new unique properties in this drug.

Concluding the series of articles about ASPIRIN ^® and other ASA medicines, it should be noted that over its more than a century of history, this drug has shown itself in various fields of medicine. There is hardly any other drug in the world that has such a rich collection of information about the features of medical use as ASPIRIN ^® and other ASA preparations. Therefore, when used rationally, they provide meaningful results, are effective and safe. In the first half of the XX century. ASPIRIN ^® has established itself as a classic analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. A new round of his pharmacotherapeutic career began with the use of the drug for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular thrombosis. At the turn of the millennium, ASPIRIN 9, which celebrated its centenary0014 ® has again become the object of close attention of scientists around the world as a potential agent for the prevention of cancer, preeclampsia, treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. The new properties of the drug give reason to assert that the first 100 years of medical use of ASPIRIN other drugs, ASA is only a prelude to his triumph.

ASPIRIN ^® – the future is just beginning! o

A.P. Viktorov,
Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology
with the Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics of the National Scientific Center
“Institute of Cardiology named after N. N. N.D. Strazhesko” Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine

Neurologist warned against taking analgin and aspirin for coronavirus – RBC

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Photo: Igor Zotin / TASS

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and analgin, should not be taken to reduce the temperature during coronavirus. This was announced by the head of the psycho-neurological department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Polyclinic No. 4” of the Administrative Department of the President of Russia, a neurologist Irina Vereyutina, a consultation record is available on the page of the manager of the social network “VKontakte”.

Paracetamol should be used to lower her temperature, she says. “Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are unacceptable here — neither aspirin nor analgin,” she said.

Vereyutina noted that neurological symptoms may occur in severe cases of coronavirus. Among them are decreased sense of smell, dizziness, headaches, as well as impaired consciousness and memory.

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