Low ejaculatory volume: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
Weak Ejaculation: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
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Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M.
D. — By Stephanie Watson — Updated on February 24, 2023
If you’re experiencing problems with ejaculation, age is a likely culprit. Seeing your doctor for diagnosis and treatment can help.
What is weak ejaculation?
If you don’t ejaculate with as much force as you used to, it’s likely because you’re growing older. Just as age weakens your muscles and changes your eyesight, it can reduce both the strength and volume of your ejaculation.
Every ejaculation releases semen from your body through your penis. The process happens in two stages:
- During the first stage, called emission, semen (sperm-containing fluid) collects in the urethral bulb at the base of your penis.
- During the second stage, called expulsion, muscles around your urethra squeeze to push the semen out through your penis.
A problem in the first stage of this process can reduce the amount of semen you ejaculate. A problem with the second stage can reduce the force with which semen is expelled.
Weak ejaculation is largely subjective, meaning it’s often noticed by the person. Orgasm intensity varies from man to man. Though ejaculation may feel weaker than normal to you, it may not be a problem unless it impacts your enjoyment of sex. A weaker orgasm may not feel as satisfying as a stronger one.
A bigger issue is if you ejaculate less fluid or sperm. This can be a problem if you plan to have children. Other common age-related problems are trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction) or having an orgasm (anorgasmia).
Sexual problems can be hard to discuss, even with your doctor. Yet being open about what’s happening can help you find a solution and prevent weak ejaculation from affecting your sex life.
Any condition that affects the muscles and nerves controlling ejaculation can lead to a weaker-than-normal orgasm.
Weakened pelvic muscles
Age takes its toll on the muscles that push semen out of your body. When these muscles weaken, the force of your ejaculation can decline.
Low hormone levels
A satisfying sex life relies on male hormones called androgens. As you get older, levels of these hormones decline. A significant drop in levels can lead to weaker orgasms.
Retrograde ejaculation
Each time you ejaculate, semen travels down your urethra and out through your penis. A valve acts like a gate between your bladder and urethra. It prevents semen from getting into your bladder.
If this valve stays open, semen can travel back into your bladder instead of flowing out of your penis. This condition is called retrograde ejaculation. Your orgasms may be weak or completely dry.
Causes of retrograde ejaculation include:
- surgery to treat prostate or testicular cancer, an enlarged prostate gland, or a weak urine stream
- drugs used to treat prostate enlargement, high blood pressure, and depression
- nerve damage caused by diseases like multiple sclerosis or diabetes
- spinal cord injury
Perceived ejaculate volume reduction (PEVR) means you release less semen than you once did.
PEVR is a common type of ejaculatory dysfunction in men.
PEVR can be a side effect of treatment for cancer and other conditions. Or it may be a sign of a problem with male hormone production. PEVR typically occurs alongside other problems with ejaculation and erection.
Low ejaculate volume has been linked to these conditions:
- radiation of the prostate gland for cancer
- medications used to treat an enlarged prostate gland, high blood pressure, and depression
- diabetes
- problem with the testes that leads to low or no male hormone production
How your doctor treats weak ejaculation depends on what caused it. A few drugs can help treat retrograde ejaculation by keeping your bladder closed while you ejaculate. These can include:
- brompheniramine (Veltane)
- chlorpheneriamine (Chlor-Trimeton)
- ephedrine (Akovaz)
- pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
- imipramine (Tofranil)
- midodrine (ProAmatine, Orvaten)
If an alpha blocker or other drug you’re taking causes weak ejaculation, ask your doctor if you can switch to another medication.
If you have diabetes, getting it under the best control possible can also help.
Home remedies
To strengthen the muscles that help you ejaculate, you can try Kegel exercises. During these exercises, you squeeze and release the muscles you use to control urination. One small study showed an improvement in premature ejaculation following 12 weeks of pelvic floor muscle training, including Kegel exercises.
Supplements
A few supplements have been promoted for treating weak ejaculation. However, there’s no evidence these products work. And because many herbal supplements can cause side effects, don’t take anything without first asking your doctor.
A normal sperm count is between 15 million to more than 200 million sperm in each milliliter (ml) of semen. Your doctor will diagnose you with a low sperm count if you have less than 15 million sperm per ml of semen, or you release less than 39 million sperm each time you ejaculate.
Having a low sperm count can reduce your odds of conceiving a child.
Here are a few tips to help boost your sperm count.
- Get 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night. Research finds that men who get too little or too much sleep, or who go to bed late, have lower sperm counts and less healthy sperm than those who routinely get enough sleep.
- Exercise — but not too intensely. Being overweight can reduce both the quantity and quality of your sperm. Exercise may improve semen quality by altering hormone levels. Just limit long-term intense physical training, which may actually reduce your sperm count and quality.
- Don’t smoke. In addition to causing cancer and heart disease, smoking affects sperm counts and quality. Talk to your doctor about a smoking cessation program, or consider using an app to help you quit for good.
- Get more antioxidants like vitamins C and E, selenium, and lycopene in your diet. These natural plant substances may protect cells — including sperm — from damage. In one study, higher levels of antioxidants in semen were found in men who had higher sperm counts.
- Eat fewer trans fats. High levels of these unhealthy fats, which are often found in fried foods and unhealthy baked goods, have been linked to a lower sperm count.
If these methods don’t work, a doctor may prescribe medication to help increase your sperm count. A variety of hormonal treatments like clomiphene citrate (Serophene) and follitropin alfa lyophilisate (Gonal-f) may be used to treat this problem.
However, while many of these treatments are approved for women, use by men is considered “off-label.” That is, although they may be effective for the treatment of male infertility, these medications aren’t approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this use. If your doctor recommends off-label use of one of these medications, it’s important to take that medication under their supervision. Learn more about off-label medication use.
It can be difficult to talk about sexual problems with your doctor. But only by having this conversation can you get help with ejaculation issues.
See your doctor if:
- Your ejaculations are weak or contain less fluid than usual.
- You can’t get an erection.
- You have pain during or after sex.
- There’s blood in your semen.
- Your urine is cloudy after you orgasm.
Problems with ejaculation are common in men, particularly as they age. If your sexual function has changed in any way, see a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.
Last medically reviewed on May 1, 2018
How we reviewed this article:
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
- Alwaal A. (2015). Normal male sexual function: emphasis on orgasm and ejaculation. Fertility and Sterility.DOI:
10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2015.08.033 - Ask the doctor: Weak ejaculation: Cause for worry? (2014).
health.harvard.edu/mens-health/ask-the-doctor-weak-ejaculation-cause-for-worry - Cancer can affect a man’s ability to ejaculate. (2017).
cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/ejaculation-and-treatment.html - Chavarro JE. (2014). Trans fatty acid intake is inversely related to total sperm count in young healthy men. DOI:
10.1093/humrep/det464 - Chudnovsky A. (2013). Copious pre-ejaculation: Small glands – major headaches. DOI:
10.2164/jandrol.107.002576 - Corona G. (2011). Perceived ejaculate volume reduction in patients with erectile dysfunction: psychobiologic correlates [Abstract]. DOI:
10.2164/jandrol.110.010397 - Dabaja AA, et al. (2014). Medical treatment of male infertility. DOI:
10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.01.06 - Diabetes and sexual and urologic problems. (2008).
niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-urologic-problems - Ducharme S. (n.d.). Ejaculation problems: Too fast, too slow or not at all?
bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/informationsessions/ejaculation-problems-too-fast-too-slow-or-not-at-all/ - Esakky P. (2016). Paternal smoking and germ cell death: A mechanistic link to the effects of cigarette smoke on spermatogenesis and possible long-term sequelae in offspring. DOI:
10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.015 - Jensen TK. (2013). Association of sleep disturbances with reduced semen quality: A cross-sectional study among 953 healthy young Danish men. DOI:
10.1093/aje/kws420 - Jiann B-P. (2016). The office management of ejaculatory disorders. DOI:
10. 21037/tau.2016.05.07 - P. (2017). The impact of intense exercise on semen quality. DOI:
Jóźków10.1177/1557988316669045 - Killick SR. (2011). Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid. DOI:
10.3109/14647273.2010.520798 - Lepor H. (2005). Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in the aging male population.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477625/ - Liu M-M. (2017). Sleep deprivation and late bedtime impair sperm health through increasing antisperm antibody production: A prospective study of 981 healthy men. DOI:
10.12659/MSM.900101 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Kegel exercises for men: Understand the benefits.
mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016). Retrograde ejaculation.
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retrograde-ejaculation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354890 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Low sperm count.
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591 - Pastore AL, et al. (2014). Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: a novel therapeutic approach. DOI:
10.1177/1756287214523329 - Rosety MA. (2017). Exercise improved semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in sedentary obese adults. DOI:
10.20960/nh.549 - Silberstein T. (2016). Antioxidants and polyphenols: Concentrations and relation to male infertility and treatment success. DOI:
10.1155/2016/9140925 - What causes ED? (n.d.).
urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/causes
2015.08.033
Medical treatment of male infertility. DOI:
21037/tau.2016.05.07
(2017). Low sperm count. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
Current Version
Feb 24, 2023
Written By
Stephanie Watson
Edited By
Kerry Weiss
May 1, 2018
Written By
Stephanie Watson
Edited By
Kerry Weiss
Medically Reviewed By
Judith Marcin, MD
Share this article
Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M.
D. — By Stephanie Watson — Updated on February 24, 2023
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- Semen Analysis and Test Results
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Semen analysis, also known as the sperm count test, analyzes the health of a man’s sperm. Semen is the fluid containing sperm that is released during…
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- Kegel Exercises for Men: Do They Work?
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Kegel exercises are used to treat a variety of conditions in women, but research suggests they may also help men. Learn how Kegel exercises might…
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- Everything You Should Know About Retrograde Ejaculation
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Learn what causes retrograde ejaculation, how to treat it, and the effects if has on fertility.
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- Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
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Pelvic floor dysfunction is a condition that affects your ability to control your pelvic floor muscles.
Learn about the symptoms and treatment options.READ MORE
- Eroxon Gel Authorized by FDA to Treat Erectile Dysfunction. What to Know
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Learn about the symptoms and treatment options.Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
Weak Ejaculation: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
- Health Conditions
- Featured
- Breast Cancer
- IBD
- Migraine
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
- Acid Reflux
- ADHD
- Allergies
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- Bipolar Disorder
- Cancer
- Crohn’s Disease
- Chronic Pain
- Cold & Flu
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- Mental Well-Being
- Sleep
- Product Reviews
- Vitamins & Supplements
- Sleep
- Mental Health
- Nutrition
- At-Home Testing
- CBD
- Men’s Health
- Original Series
- Fresh Food Fast
- Diagnosis Diaries
- You’re Not Alone
- Present Tense
- Video Series
- Youth in Focus
- Healthy Harvest
- No More Silence
- Future of Health
- Wellness Topics
- Plan
- Health Challenges
- Mindful Eating
- Sugar Savvy
- Move Your Body
- Gut Health
- Mood Foods
- Align Your Spine
- Find Care
- Primary Care
- Mental Health
- OB-GYN
- Dermatologists
- Neurologists
- Cardiologists
- Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
- Weight Management
- Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
- Are You a Workaholic?
- How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
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- Health A-Z
- Health Challenges
- Connect
- Breast Cancer
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Migraine
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Psoriasis
Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M.
D. — By Stephanie Watson — Updated on February 24, 2023
If you’re experiencing problems with ejaculation, age is a likely culprit. Seeing your doctor for diagnosis and treatment can help.
What is weak ejaculation?
If you don’t ejaculate with as much force as you used to, it’s likely because you’re growing older. Just as age weakens your muscles and changes your eyesight, it can reduce both the strength and volume of your ejaculation.
Every ejaculation releases semen from your body through your penis. The process happens in two stages:
- During the first stage, called emission, semen (sperm-containing fluid) collects in the urethral bulb at the base of your penis.
- During the second stage, called expulsion, muscles around your urethra squeeze to push the semen out through your penis.
A problem in the first stage of this process can reduce the amount of semen you ejaculate. A problem with the second stage can reduce the force with which semen is expelled.
Weak ejaculation is largely subjective, meaning it’s often noticed by the person. Orgasm intensity varies from man to man. Though ejaculation may feel weaker than normal to you, it may not be a problem unless it impacts your enjoyment of sex. A weaker orgasm may not feel as satisfying as a stronger one.
A bigger issue is if you ejaculate less fluid or sperm. This can be a problem if you plan to have children. Other common age-related problems are trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction) or having an orgasm (anorgasmia).
Sexual problems can be hard to discuss, even with your doctor. Yet being open about what’s happening can help you find a solution and prevent weak ejaculation from affecting your sex life.
Any condition that affects the muscles and nerves controlling ejaculation can lead to a weaker-than-normal orgasm.
Weakened pelvic muscles
Age takes its toll on the muscles that push semen out of your body. When these muscles weaken, the force of your ejaculation can decline.
Low hormone levels
A satisfying sex life relies on male hormones called androgens. As you get older, levels of these hormones decline. A significant drop in levels can lead to weaker orgasms.
Retrograde ejaculation
Each time you ejaculate, semen travels down your urethra and out through your penis. A valve acts like a gate between your bladder and urethra. It prevents semen from getting into your bladder.
If this valve stays open, semen can travel back into your bladder instead of flowing out of your penis. This condition is called retrograde ejaculation. Your orgasms may be weak or completely dry.
Causes of retrograde ejaculation include:
- surgery to treat prostate or testicular cancer, an enlarged prostate gland, or a weak urine stream
- drugs used to treat prostate enlargement, high blood pressure, and depression
- nerve damage caused by diseases like multiple sclerosis or diabetes
- spinal cord injury
Perceived ejaculate volume reduction (PEVR) means you release less semen than you once did.
PEVR is a common type of ejaculatory dysfunction in men.
PEVR can be a side effect of treatment for cancer and other conditions. Or it may be a sign of a problem with male hormone production. PEVR typically occurs alongside other problems with ejaculation and erection.
Low ejaculate volume has been linked to these conditions:
- radiation of the prostate gland for cancer
- medications used to treat an enlarged prostate gland, high blood pressure, and depression
- diabetes
- problem with the testes that leads to low or no male hormone production
How your doctor treats weak ejaculation depends on what caused it. A few drugs can help treat retrograde ejaculation by keeping your bladder closed while you ejaculate. These can include:
- brompheniramine (Veltane)
- chlorpheneriamine (Chlor-Trimeton)
- ephedrine (Akovaz)
- pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
- imipramine (Tofranil)
- midodrine (ProAmatine, Orvaten)
If an alpha blocker or other drug you’re taking causes weak ejaculation, ask your doctor if you can switch to another medication.
If you have diabetes, getting it under the best control possible can also help.
Home remedies
To strengthen the muscles that help you ejaculate, you can try Kegel exercises. During these exercises, you squeeze and release the muscles you use to control urination. One small study showed an improvement in premature ejaculation following 12 weeks of pelvic floor muscle training, including Kegel exercises.
Supplements
A few supplements have been promoted for treating weak ejaculation. However, there’s no evidence these products work. And because many herbal supplements can cause side effects, don’t take anything without first asking your doctor.
A normal sperm count is between 15 million to more than 200 million sperm in each milliliter (ml) of semen. Your doctor will diagnose you with a low sperm count if you have less than 15 million sperm per ml of semen, or you release less than 39 million sperm each time you ejaculate.
Having a low sperm count can reduce your odds of conceiving a child.
Here are a few tips to help boost your sperm count.
- Get 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night. Research finds that men who get too little or too much sleep, or who go to bed late, have lower sperm counts and less healthy sperm than those who routinely get enough sleep.
- Exercise — but not too intensely. Being overweight can reduce both the quantity and quality of your sperm. Exercise may improve semen quality by altering hormone levels. Just limit long-term intense physical training, which may actually reduce your sperm count and quality.
- Don’t smoke. In addition to causing cancer and heart disease, smoking affects sperm counts and quality. Talk to your doctor about a smoking cessation program, or consider using an app to help you quit for good.
- Get more antioxidants like vitamins C and E, selenium, and lycopene in your diet. These natural plant substances may protect cells — including sperm — from damage. In one study, higher levels of antioxidants in semen were found in men who had higher sperm counts.
- Eat fewer trans fats. High levels of these unhealthy fats, which are often found in fried foods and unhealthy baked goods, have been linked to a lower sperm count.
If these methods don’t work, a doctor may prescribe medication to help increase your sperm count. A variety of hormonal treatments like clomiphene citrate (Serophene) and follitropin alfa lyophilisate (Gonal-f) may be used to treat this problem.
However, while many of these treatments are approved for women, use by men is considered “off-label.” That is, although they may be effective for the treatment of male infertility, these medications aren’t approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this use. If your doctor recommends off-label use of one of these medications, it’s important to take that medication under their supervision. Learn more about off-label medication use.
It can be difficult to talk about sexual problems with your doctor. But only by having this conversation can you get help with ejaculation issues.
See your doctor if:
- Your ejaculations are weak or contain less fluid than usual.
- You can’t get an erection.
- You have pain during or after sex.
- There’s blood in your semen.
- Your urine is cloudy after you orgasm.
Problems with ejaculation are common in men, particularly as they age. If your sexual function has changed in any way, see a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.
Last medically reviewed on May 1, 2018
How we reviewed this article:
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
- Alwaal A. (2015). Normal male sexual function: emphasis on orgasm and ejaculation. Fertility and Sterility.DOI:
10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2015.08.033 - Ask the doctor: Weak ejaculation: Cause for worry? (2014).
health.harvard.edu/mens-health/ask-the-doctor-weak-ejaculation-cause-for-worry - Cancer can affect a man’s ability to ejaculate. (2017).
cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/ejaculation-and-treatment.html - Chavarro JE. (2014). Trans fatty acid intake is inversely related to total sperm count in young healthy men. DOI:
10.1093/humrep/det464 - Chudnovsky A. (2013). Copious pre-ejaculation: Small glands – major headaches. DOI:
10.2164/jandrol.107.002576 - Corona G. (2011). Perceived ejaculate volume reduction in patients with erectile dysfunction: psychobiologic correlates [Abstract]. DOI:
10.2164/jandrol.110.010397 - Dabaja AA, et al. (2014). Medical treatment of male infertility. DOI:
10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.01.06 - Diabetes and sexual and urologic problems. (2008).
niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-urologic-problems - Ducharme S. (n.d.). Ejaculation problems: Too fast, too slow or not at all?
bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/informationsessions/ejaculation-problems-too-fast-too-slow-or-not-at-all/ - Esakky P. (2016). Paternal smoking and germ cell death: A mechanistic link to the effects of cigarette smoke on spermatogenesis and possible long-term sequelae in offspring. DOI:
10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.015 - Jensen TK. (2013). Association of sleep disturbances with reduced semen quality: A cross-sectional study among 953 healthy young Danish men. DOI:
10.1093/aje/kws420 - Jiann B-P. (2016). The office management of ejaculatory disorders. DOI:
10. 21037/tau.2016.05.07 - P. (2017). The impact of intense exercise on semen quality. DOI:
Jóźków10.1177/1557988316669045 - Killick SR. (2011). Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid. DOI:
10.3109/14647273.2010.520798 - Lepor H. (2005). Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in the aging male population.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477625/ - Liu M-M. (2017). Sleep deprivation and late bedtime impair sperm health through increasing antisperm antibody production: A prospective study of 981 healthy men. DOI:
10.12659/MSM.900101 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Kegel exercises for men: Understand the benefits.
mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016). Retrograde ejaculation.
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retrograde-ejaculation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354890 - Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Low sperm count.
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591 - Pastore AL, et al. (2014). Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: a novel therapeutic approach. DOI:
10.1177/1756287214523329 - Rosety MA. (2017). Exercise improved semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in sedentary obese adults. DOI:
10.20960/nh.549 - Silberstein T. (2016). Antioxidants and polyphenols: Concentrations and relation to male infertility and treatment success. DOI:
10.1155/2016/9140925 - What causes ED? (n.d.).
urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/causes
2015.08.033
Medical treatment of male infertility. DOI:
21037/tau.2016.05.07
(2017). Low sperm count. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
Current Version
Feb 24, 2023
Written By
Stephanie Watson
Edited By
Kerry Weiss
May 1, 2018
Written By
Stephanie Watson
Edited By
Kerry Weiss
Medically Reviewed By
Judith Marcin, MD
Share this article
Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M.
D. — By Stephanie Watson — Updated on February 24, 2023
Read this next
- Semen Analysis and Test Results
Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH
Semen analysis, also known as the sperm count test, analyzes the health of a man’s sperm. Semen is the fluid containing sperm that is released during…
READ MORE
- Kegel Exercises for Men: Do They Work?
Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M.D.
Kegel exercises are used to treat a variety of conditions in women, but research suggests they may also help men. Learn how Kegel exercises might…
READ MORE
- Everything You Should Know About Retrograde Ejaculation
Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M.D.
Learn what causes retrograde ejaculation, how to treat it, and the effects if has on fertility.
READ MORE
- Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI
Pelvic floor dysfunction is a condition that affects your ability to control your pelvic floor muscles.
Learn about the symptoms and treatment options.READ MORE
- Eroxon Gel Authorized by FDA to Treat Erectile Dysfunction. What to Know
The FDA has given the OK for a new gel to be sold over-the-counter to treat erectile dysfunction.
READ MORE
- What Is the Average Penis Size and Does It Matter?
When it comes to penis size, most fall into the average range — and the size has no bearing on what it can do. Learn the average penis side and some…
READ MORE
Learn about the symptoms and treatment options.main indicators and their norms
Do not understand what all the terms in the spermogram mean? Our article will help you decipher the results and understand which indicators are important when evaluating sperm to optimize your chances of pregnancy.
Spermogram is the main type of test carried out to assess the quality of male sperm. The results of this analysis can help identify the causes of male infertility and determine whether the quantity and quality of sperm is within the norm.
The main semen parameters include semen volume, semen concentration, sperm motility and shape. The norms of these indicators may vary depending on age, health status and other factors, therefore, the results of the spermogram should be interpreted only with a doctor.
If you are planning a pregnancy or have difficulty with it, do not hesitate to contact a urologist-andrologist for a consultation and spermogram appointment.
Spermogram: what is it?
Spermogram is a study that provides information about the parameters of a man’s sperm. It is one of the most important research methods in determining male reproductive health.
During a spermogram, parameters such as the concentration of sperm, their movement and shape are evaluated. Each of these parameters has its own normative values, which are determined by medical practice.
In order to carry out the analysis, it is necessary to donate semen and prepare accordingly. For example, you must abstain from sex for at least 2-5 days, as well as avoid drinking alcohol and smoking for a few days before taking the test.
The main purpose of a spermogram is to determine a man’s ability to have a child and to identify the presence of possible diseases associated with impaired sperm function. The results of the research are dedicated to the norms set by medical authorities, which are determined on the basis of hundreds of thousands of studies and practices of medical care.
Prescribing and conducting a spermogram
A spermogram is a laboratory study that is carried out to assess the main characteristics of male sperm.
The main task of the spermogram is to assess the quality of sperm and determine its ability to fertilize the egg. Also, a spermogram can help identify the cause of infertility and prescribe an effective treatment.
For the test, a man needs to donate sperm to a specially equipped laboratory. Semen is collected by masturbation into a sterile container. Before collecting sperm, it is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse for 2-5 days in order to maximize the quality of sperm.
The obtained semen is placed under a microscope and evaluated on the basis of the following parameters: the number of spermatozoa per semen volume unit, their motility and shape. The study is carried out using special solutions that help assess the concentration of spermatozoa.
As a result of the spermogram, you can obtain data on the quality and quantity of sperm, as well as their mobility and shape. The norms of all parameters are strictly defined, and deviations from them may indicate possible problems with the fertility of a man.
Terms and conditions for taking the analysis
To obtain reliable results of the spermogram, it is important to follow certain rules and conditions when passing it.
Before taking the test, you must do the following:
- 3-5 days of abstinence from sexual intercourse and masturbation;
- abstinence from alcohol and smoking 2-3 days before analysis;
- avoid physical activity during the day before the test.
The analysis is given in a special sterile dish, which is issued in the laboratory. Fresh ejaculation must be provided. The man must stimulate sexual arousal and receive the ejaculate directly into the container.
The received material must be delivered to the laboratory promptly, within an hour after collection. Semen dislocation is disturbed at temperatures above 37°C, so you can not bring a sample in thermal thermoses or leave it in a car in the sun.
After passing the test, you can return to normal life, including sexual, but intimate hygiene must be observed.
Main indicators of semen analysis
Semen volume is the amount of fluid released during each ejaculation. The normal volume is 2 to 5 ml. A decrease in volume may indicate a violation of the secretory function of the reproductive system.
Sperm concentration is the number of sperm per unit volume. The normal concentration is from 20 to 200 million spermatozoa per 1 ml.
A decrease in concentration may indicate a violation of the process of their formation or release.
The motility and shape of spermatozoa are the main indicators that determine their viability and ability to fertilize an egg. Normal motility is more than 50% of spermatozoa with active motility. The normal form of sperm is more than 30%. A deviation from the norm may indicate problems in the development or functioning of the male reproductive system.
Total sperm count is the number of sperm in all semen. The normal number is over 40 million sperm per ejaculate. A decrease in this indicator may mean a decrease in the number of spermatozoa or a deterioration in their quality.
Quantities:
Total sperm count is the number of sperm in 1 ml of ejaculatory fluid. The norm is from 15 to 200 million / ml. If the indicator is below 15 million / ml, then this is considered a low concentration of spermatozoa, which can lead to problems with fertilization.
Locomotive activity – the speed and ability of spermatozoa to move. It is evaluated by two parameters: movement (motility) and activity (progressive). Movement rates from 25% to 50%, and progressive activity from 20% to 45%. If the indicators are below the norm, then this indicates a violation of spermatogenesis, possible infectious diseases, as well as poor sperm quality in general.
Sperm morphology is an assessment of the shape and size of spermatozoa. Based on morphology, the proportion of spermatozoa with the correct shape and size, as well as with abnormalities, is determined. The normal form of spermatozoa should be between 4% and 14%. If the morphology indicator is below the norm, then this may indicate problems with fertilization.
Ejaculate volume is the amount of fluid released during ejaculation. The norm is from 1.5 to 5 ml. If the volume is below normal, then this may indicate problems with the function of the prostate or seminal vesicles.
The pH value of is the level of acidity of the ejaculatory fluid. The norm is from 7.2 to 8.0. If the pH value is beyond the norm, then this may indicate inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.
Viscosity is an estimate of the density and viscosity of the semen. Normal viscosity should allow sperm to move easily and move freely. If the liquid is too viscous, then this can lead to problems with the penetration of sperm into the uterus.
Armed Forms are types of spermatozoa with some granules supplied with substances necessary to penetrate the egg. The assessment of this indicator is additional and may increase the chances of pregnancy.
Semen volume
Semen volume is one of the main indicators of the semen analysis and reflects the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It is usually measured in milliliters (mL) and is an important indicator for evaluating male reproductive health.
The normal semen volume is between 1.5 and 5 ml, and it is desirable that the value is closer to the upper limit of normal.
- If the semen volume is less than 1.5 ml, then this is less than the lower limit of the norm and may indicate disorders in the male reproductive system.
- If the volume of semen is more than 5 ml, then this is above the upper limit of the norm, but is not a pathology.
A decrease in semen volume can be associated with various factors such as infections, hormonal disorders, stress, prostate disease and other diseases. An increase in semen volume, in turn, may be associated with excessive masturbation or sexual activity, but is not a pathology.
| Semen volume | 1.5-5 ml | Less than 1.5 ml or more than 5 ml |
9 0010 Sperm concentration
Sperm concentration is the number of spermatozoa in one milliliter of ejaculate.
This indicator is one of the most important in the spermogram, since the ability of a man to conceive a child depends on it. The normal concentration of sperm in the ejaculate is between 15 million and 200 million per milliliter. If the sperm concentration is below normal, then this can lead to infertility.
Depending on the concentration of sperm, a man can be divided into three categories:
- Normospermia – sperm concentration is normal
- Oligospermia – sperm concentration is below normal
9 0041 Azoospermia – absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate
Oligospermia and azoospermia can be caused by various reasons, such as infections, hormonal disorders, fever in the scrotum, bad habits and other factors, therefore, if abnormalities in sperm concentration are found, it is necessary to consult an andrologist.
| Normospermia | 15-200 ppm |
| Oligospermia | |
| Azoospermia | no spermatozoa |
Ejaculate sperm count
One of the most important indicators of spermogram is the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate.
The total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is determined by multiplying the concentration of spermatozoa by the volume of the ejaculate.
The normal number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is more than 15 million per 1 ml of fluid. However, if the sperm concentration is below this level, then the chances of conception can be significantly reduced.
In addition, it is also important to take into account the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Ideally, their number should be at least 39 million.
Low sperm count may be due to various factors such as stress, poor lifestyle, infections or pathologies of the genital organs. It is important to contact a specialist to identify the cause and how this indicator can be improved.
Sperm morphology
Sperm morphology is one of the key indicators of the spermogram and allows you to determine the proportion of normal sperm in the total mass.
The norm for spermatozoa morphology is that at least 4% of spermatozoa must have a normal shape, that is, three-quarters of the length of the head must be even and of the same width, taking into account the neck and tail.
Deviations from the normal form of spermatozoa may be associated with problems in their creation or maturation, as well as with the presence of negative factors on the male body.
For a more detailed assessment of spermatozoa morphology, the Kruger classification system of spermatozoa is used, which estimates the proportion of abnormal forms in the total number of spermatozoa and divides it into several categories – normal form, mild, moderate and severe abnormality.
In case of detection of deviations from the norm of spermatozoa morphology, it is necessary to contact a specialist for a detailed consultation and identification of the causes of the problem, as well as the appointment of appropriate treatment.
Sperm motility
Sperm motility is one of the most important indicators of the spermogram. It determines the ability of spermatozoa to move and, consequently, their ability to fertilize an egg.
According to generally accepted standards, sperm motility is measured as a percentage of moving and stationary cells.
According to the results of the spermogram, sperm motility can be divided into several categories.
- Category A – fast and straight spermatozoa, predominantly moving forward, make up 25% or more.
- Category B Slow and/or non-straight spermatozoa accounting for less than 25% and more than 50% of the total.
- Category C – immotile spermatozoa accounting for less than 50% of the total.
- Category D no spermatozoa.
Normal sperm motility is in categories A and B, while categories C and D indicate pathology.
Sperm motility can be measured as a whole or in categories A and B. This indicator can be a useful indicator of sperm quality and is an important factor for those couples who want to conceive a child. If a man has low sperm motility, then he can consult a doctor for additional examinations and treatment planning.
Sperm viscosity
Sperm viscosity is the ability of spermatozoa to stick together inside the ejaculate and form multilayer structures.
This indicator is important in assessing the quality of sperm and may reflect the condition of the epididymis, as well as the quality of the prostate fluid.
Normal semen viscosity should be moderate, i.e. should not interfere with the movement of spermatozoa. Too high a viscosity can cause sperm to move more slowly and can also make it difficult for sperm to pass through the female reproductive tract.
Viscosity of semen can be assessed both visually and by measurement with a special apparatus – a viscometer. The normal viscosity of semen should be between 2 and 3 cm in 1 minute.
If the viscosity of the semen exceeds the norm, then it is necessary to pay attention to other indicators of the spermogram, such as the number and motility of spermatozoa, the shape of the head and body of the spermatozoa. If abnormalities are detected, it is necessary to contact a urologist to find out the causes of the violations and prescribe the appropriate treatment.
Qualitative indicators:
Semen volume: Determines the amount of spermatozoa in semen.
Typically, the volume of semen during the examination is from 1.5 to 5 milliliters. Its decrease (oligospermia) or increase (polylicia) may indicate a man’s health problems.
Semen Viscosity: This is an indicator that characterizes the ability of sperm to move. If the semen is too viscous, then it is incapable of active movement and can lead to insufficient sperm count in the semen.
Sperm concentration: An indicator that characterizes the number of sperm in 1 milliliter of semen. The normal number of spermatozoa in the semen is from 15 to 200 million per 1 ml.
Sperm morphology: This is an indicator that characterizes the shape of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa must have the correct shape in order to be able to penetrate the egg. Usually there should be more than 30% of sperm with a normal shape.
Environmental reaction
Environmental reaction is an indicator of the acid-base balance of the semen.
It affects the ability of sperm to move and intertwine with the egg. Typically, the reaction of the environment in the semen ranges from 7.2 to 8.0 pH units. If the pH level drops, then a change in the shape and mobility of the spermatozoa can occur.
The reaction of the medium can be determined using a test paper or with a pH meter. Usually, when analyzing semen, the reaction of the environment is one of the key indicators.
A change in environmental response can be caused by various factors: changes in diet, stress, bad habits, infection or other diseases.
The reaction of the environment must be normal to ensure the health of the male reproductive system. If the pH level deviates greatly from the norm, then this can lead to infertility and other problems. To restore the normal reaction of the environment, it is necessary to consult a doctor and carry out appropriate treatment.
Sperm viability time
Sperm viability time is the period of time during which the sperm cell can remain viable in the female body and retain the ability to fertilize the egg.
This process is influenced by many factors, such as the acidity of the vagina, the presence of inflammatory processes and the presence of antisperm bodies in the body of a woman.
Normal sperm viability is between 48 and 72 hours. However, some spermatozoa can live inside the female body for up to 5 days. This is possible due to the peculiarities of the female reproductive system, namely, the presence in the cervical fluid of nutrients and trace elements necessary for the survival of spermatozoa.
It should also be noted that sperm viability can be significantly reduced when a woman has a bacterial infection, which may explain the difficulty in conceiving a child in some couples.
It is important to understand that each couple may have their own individual duration of sperm viability, so it is recommended to conduct additional research to more accurately determine the factors that affect fertility and the likelihood of conceiving a child.
Functional activity of spermatozoa
Functional activity of spermatozoa is an important indicator in assessing the quality of a man’s sperm. This indicator characterizes the ability of spermatozoa to move and penetrate the egg.
In the process of spermatogenesis, spermatozoa acquire the ability to actively move due to the formation of a tail. This process is complex and requires certain conditions, such as sufficient hormone levels and a certain temperature of the seminal fluid.
Evaluation of the functional activity of spermatozoa is carried out using a microscope and special preparations. The Kruger scoring system is used, in which spermatozoa are evaluated according to the following indicators:
- The number of moving spermatozoa – the norm is more than 40% of the total;
- Movement speed — the norm is 25 microns/sec;
- Features of movement – the norm is rectilinear movement with fast and slow speeds;
- Head shape – the norm is 80% of spermatozoa with a normal head shape;
- The degree of sperm concentration – the norm is more than 15 million / ml;
- Average volumetric concentration – the norm is more than 39 million / ejaculate;
- Total sperm count – the norm is more than 39 million / ejaculate.
Violation of the functional activity of spermatozoa can be caused by various factors, such as infections, stress, bad habits, and more. This can lead to problems with conception and the birth of a healthy child, so the assessment of the functional activity of spermatozoa is an important step in assessing male reproductive health.
Norms of spermogram indicators
When interpreting the results of a spermogram, doctors pay attention to a number of parameters that indicate the state of the male reproductive system. The norms of spermogram indicators vary depending on the laboratory in which the study is carried out.
Some of the main indicators that are taken into account when deciphering the results of the spermogram include:
- The number of spermatozoa should be at least 15 million in 1 ml of seminal fluid;
- Mobility – not less than 40%;
- Morphology — not less than 4%;
- Semen volume – at least 1. 5 ml;
- Semen acidity – within 7.2-7.8;
- The number of protein bodies – less than 1 million in 1 ml of seminal fluid;
- Viscosity – must be normal so that spermatozoa can easily penetrate the female genital tract.
5 ml;If the results of the spermogram do not correspond to the norm in one or more indicators, the man must undergo an additional examination to identify the cause of the violation. In most cases, with violations of spermogram parameters in men, the violation may be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, stress, environmental influences, as well as the presence of chronic diseases.
Evaluation of the result of the spermogram and its significance for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility
The spermogram is the main method for diagnosing male infertility. It allows you to assess the quality and quantity of sperm in the ejaculate, as well as determine the presence of possible deviations from the norm.
Spermogram results may vary and depend on many factors such as age, lifestyle, presence of diseases, etc. The evaluation of the results is carried out by a specialist and is based on such indicators as the concentration, motility and morphology of spermatozoa, the volume and pH of the ejaculate, the presence of leukocytes and other elements.
Sperm concentration is the amount of sperm contained in one milliliter of ejaculate. The normal value ranges from 15 to 200 million / ml. A low concentration may indicate a violation of spermatogenesis or other health problems in a man.
Sperm motility is the ability of spermatozoa to actively move. The normal value is 40 to 70% moving sperm. Low motility may be due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and the presence of antisperm antibodies.
Sperm morphology is the percentage of normal and abnormal forms. The ideal value is considered to be from 14 to 40% of normal forms.
Abnormal morphology may indicate various diseases, such as varicocele, gonadotropic imbalance, ovarian syndrome.
It is important to understand that spermogram results are not exhaustive information. They can explain the cause of infertility and help choose treatment methods, but do not guarantee a positive result. Consultation with a specialist and an individual approach to each case are necessary conditions for achieving the desired pregnancy.
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Q&A:
What spermogram parameters are important for evaluating male reproductive function?
For the evaluation of male reproductive function, the most important parameters are the concentration and motility of spermatozoa, as well as the number of morphologically normal spermatozoa.
What is the normal concentration of spermatozoa in semen?
The normal value of sperm concentration in semen is from 15 to 200 million/ml. If the sperm concentration is below 15 million / ml, this may indicate problems with male reproductive function.
What does low sperm motility mean and what is the norm?
The normal value of sperm motility is more than 40%. If the sperm motility is less than this value, then they speak of their reduced mobility. This may be due to impaired sperm production, as well as the presence of inflammatory processes in the genitals.
What is the normal volume of semen?
Normal semen volume is 1.5 to 5 ml. If the semen volume is below 1.5 ml, this may indicate a malfunction in the functioning of the prostate gland.
Can damaged or abnormal spermatozoa fertilize an egg?
Yes, damaged and abnormal spermatozoa can fertilize an egg, but the chance of conception in such cases is greatly reduced.
Normal morphological parameters of spermatozoa increase the chances of successful conception.
What could be the reasons for the low sperm count?
The reasons for low sperm concentration can be different: impaired sperm production in the testicles, inflammatory processes in the genital organs, metabolic disorders, bad habits, viral infections and other factors.
Is it possible to improve the concentration and quality of sperm?
Yes, the concentration and quality of sperm can be improved. To do this, you need to follow a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits, eat right, increase physical activity, and avoid stressful situations. You can also take special drugs prescribed by your doctor to improve the quality and quantity of sperm.
Main parameters of the basic spermogram – Genome clinic in Kaliningrad
Sperm is the medium in which spermatozoa live. They occupy 5% of its volume. Everything else is nutrients and protective compounds that provide them with comfortable living conditions, help them reach the egg.
The change in the composition of the ejaculate is reflected in the quality of germ cells, their fertilizing ability.
Basic spermogram evaluates the biochemical and microscopic parameters of sperm:
Liquefaction time. The norm is from 10 to 30 minutes. If it takes more than 60 minutes to liquefy, the semen is considered too thick and viscous. The viscosity of the semen is determined 60 minutes after receiving the test sample. A glass rod is immersed in the biomaterial, which is then lifted and the length of the thread hanging from the tip is measured. The norm is 1-2 cm. In the case of increased viscosity, there is a syndrome of viscous sperm or viscosipathy of the sperm.
The viscosity of semen and its liquefaction time are interrelated parameters. At the time of ejaculation, prostate juice is released into the semen, which leads to liquefaction of the ejaculate. Once in the female genital tract, it thickens and then liquefies again, thereby ensuring that spermatozoa enter the fallopian tubes.
The increased viscosity of semen impedes the movement of sperm. The cause of viscosipathy can be prolonged abstinence from sexual intercourse. If ejaculation occurs too often, then the viscosity of the semen decreases. At the same time, the number of spermatozoa decreases, and immature forms begin to predominate among them. Therefore, during the period of trying to conceive a child, it is better to adhere to the established norm – 3-4 ejaculations per week.The volume of sperm normally ranges from 2-6 ml. A downward deviation from the norm (microspermia) occurs due to insufficient function of the accessory sex glands. A volume above the norm indicates a possible inflammatory process in the accessory sex glands.
Smell of semen. A pronounced sharp unpleasant odor may indicate a pathology. Putrid speaks of an inflammatory process in the genital area.
The color of semen is considered normal if it is white with a grayish or yellowish tint.
The more transparent the sperm, the less spermatozoa in it and vice versa. Therefore, fertile semen is cloudy. If the color of the semen is reddish or brown, this indicates an increased content of red blood cells. In this case, we speak of hemospermia. The cause of blood entering the ejaculate can be trauma, inflammation, tumors, incl. malignant neoplasms. Leukocytes give a greenish tint to sperm – their appearance indicates the presence of inflammation.
The acidity level (pH) of the ejaculate normally ranges from 7.2-8.0. Such a slightly alkaline environment allows you to neutralize the acidity of the vagina and promotes the promotion of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. If the pH is higher than normal (alkaline), then an inflammatory process or infection can be assumed. The deviation of the pH to a lower side (acidic environment) leads to a decrease in the mobility and viability of sperm. An underestimated pH of sperm may be due to a violation of the patency of the seminiferous tract, the pathology of the development of seminal vesicles, the ingress of urine into the ejaculate, etc.
Leukocytes in semen in the amount of 1 million per 1 ml is the norm for a healthy man. If there are more of them, then “pyospermia” (leukospermia) takes place. This conclusion of the spermogram not only indicates an inflammatory process. With leukospermia, the quality of spermatozoa suffers.
Leukocytes produce free radicals (reactive oxygen species). Attacking harmful cells, they simultaneously destroy the membranes of spermatozoa. The latter begin to experience oxidative stress. As a result, their activity decreases, DNA fragmentation occurs in the head, the receptors responsible for contact with the egg are damaged, the acrosomal reaction is disrupted – spermatozoa cannot dissolve the egg cell membrane and fertilize it. Oxidative stress in 30-80% of cases is the cause of infertile marriage
Erythrocytes in semen (hemospermia) are a deviation from the norm, although they do not have a negative effect on spermatozoa.
Hemospermia indicates various pathologies – these can be microtraumas, urogenital infections, chronic prostatitis, the presence of stones in the prostate gland, and tumors. In patients with hemospermia, oncology is detected in 14% of cases.
cells of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm formation. About two hundred million of them are formed daily from progenitor cells, which should normally be no more than 2-5 million per 1 ml. (0.5-2% of the total number of spermatozoa). Exceeding the norm is observed in the secretory form of male infertility, in which the testicles do not produce a sufficient number of mature male germ cells.
Spermatogenesis cells are important for overcoming male infertility using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In the absence of normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate, precursor cells of the last stages of spermatogenesis are removed from the testicular tissue. Their use in the ICSI procedure gives a chance for pregnancy.
Today, scientists are working on the artificial development of spermatozoa from the obtained spermatogenesis cells in infertile men. Such bold experiments are also being carried out as obtaining cells of early spermatogenesis from skin cells.
Agglutination means gluing spermatozoa together, resulting in a decrease in their mobility. Normally, agglutination is absent. Otherwise, there is reason to assume a violation of the immune system or an inflammatory process. Agglutination adversely affects the quality of spermatozoa, which can lead to genetic pathologies of the fetus.
Aggregation – the accumulation of spermatozoa as a result of them sticking together with other components of the ejaculate. These can be epithelial cells, macrophages, mucus lumps, dead cells. It occurs against the background of increased viscosity of the ejaculate, which is a consequence of chronic inflammation of the internal genital organs of a man.
Lipoid bodies or lecithin grains are non-cellular compounds.
As a product of the secretion of the prostate gland, they are present in its juice. A reduction in their number is observed with prostatitis. The absence of lipoid bodies may indicate a prolonged inflammatory process or blockage of the ducts of the prostate gland, which occurs with an abscess or the appearance of stones in the prostate.
The role of lecithin grains in semen is not fully understood. It is believed that without them, the chances of fertilizing the egg are reduced. The number of lipoid bodies increases with stagnation of the secretion of the prostate gland as a result of prolonged abstinence. When the lecithin grains are destroyed, choline is released. This substance, accumulating in the tissues of the prostate gland, can provoke the formation of a cancerous tumor. Choline also has a negative effect on spermatozoa.
There is no mucus in healthy ejaculate. Its appearance leads to a decrease in the activity of male germ cells (spermatozoa), as a result of which their ability to fertilize and the possibility of conceiving a child naturally is significantly reduced.