What are the common causes of lower left abdominal pain and blood in stool. How to diagnose and treat conditions like diverticulitis and diverticulosis. When should you seek medical attention for abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.

Understanding Lower Left Abdominal Pain: Common Causes and Symptoms

Lower left abdominal pain can be a cause for concern, especially when accompanied by blood in the stool. While some causes may be benign, others require immediate medical attention. This comprehensive guide explores the various conditions that can lead to these symptoms, their diagnosis, and treatment options.

Diverticulitis: A Common Culprit for Lower Left Abdominal Pain

Diverticulitis is a condition that frequently causes pain in the lower left abdomen. It occurs when small pouches called diverticula, which form in weak areas of the intestinal wall, become infected and inflamed. These pouches are most commonly found in the sigmoid colon, the lower section of the large intestine.

What are the symptoms of diverticulitis?

• Sudden and severe pain in the lower left abdomen
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Blood in stools (in some cases)

It’s crucial to note that diverticulitis can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Therefore, individuals experiencing these symptoms should consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Diverticulosis vs. Diverticulitis: Understanding the Difference

While diverticulitis and diverticulosis are related conditions, they are not the same. Diverticulosis refers to the presence of diverticula in the colon, which may not cause any symptoms. Many adults, especially older individuals, have diverticulosis without experiencing problems. However, when these pouches become infected or inflamed, it leads to diverticulitis.

How common is diverticulosis?

Diverticulosis is quite common, especially among older adults. It’s estimated that about 50% of people over 60 years old have diverticulosis, with the prevalence increasing with age. However, only a small percentage of people with diverticulosis will develop diverticulitis.

Celiac Disease: A Potential Cause of Abdominal Pain and Digestive Issues

Celiac disease is a chronic condition affecting the digestive tract, triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat and several other grains. When individuals with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system attacks portions of the intestine, leading to various digestive problems.

What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating and gas
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea

In children, undiagnosed celiac disease can lead to malnourishment and growth impediments. The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. If you suspect you may have celiac disease, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term encompassing two chronic conditions: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Both can cause painful inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract, leading to lower left abdominal pain and blood in the stool.

What are the key differences between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?

• Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, but is most common in the small intestine.
• Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Common symptoms of IBD include:

• Abdominal pain
• Persistent diarrhea
• Blood in the stool
• Fatigue
• Weight loss

The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, but it’s believed to result from a weakened immune system, with genetics potentially playing a role. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, with surgery sometimes necessary in severe cases.

Lactose Intolerance: A Common Digestive Issue

Lactose intolerance is a condition where individuals have difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This intolerance occurs due to insufficient production of lactase, an enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose.

How does lactose intolerance cause abdominal pain?

When lactose is not properly digested, it passes into the colon where bacteria break it down, producing gas and fluid. This increase in gas and fluid can lead to various uncomfortable symptoms, including:

• Abdominal pain
• Loose stools or diarrhea
• Bloating
• Excessive gas
• Nausea

Management of lactose intolerance typically involves avoiding or limiting dairy products, using lactase enzyme supplements, or consuming lactose-free alternatives. It’s important to note that lactose intolerance is different from a milk allergy, which is an immune system reaction to milk proteins.

Indigestion and Gas: Common Causes of Abdominal Discomfort

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a general term for discomfort in the upper abdomen. While it doesn’t typically cause lower left abdominal pain, it’s worth mentioning as it can sometimes be confused with other digestive issues.

What are the common symptoms of indigestion?

• Burning sensation in the stomach or upper abdomen
• Bloating
• Excessive gas
• Nausea
• Feeling uncomfortably full after eating

Gas, on the other hand, is a normal part of digestion but can sometimes cause discomfort and pain in various parts of the abdomen, including the lower left side. Excessive gas can result from swallowing air, eating certain foods, or underlying health conditions.

When should you be concerned about gas or indigestion?

While occasional gas and indigestion are normal, persistent symptoms or those accompanied by severe pain, unexplained weight loss, or blood in the stool warrant medical attention. These could be signs of more serious underlying conditions.

Diagnostic Approaches for Lower Left Abdominal Pain and Blood in Stool

When experiencing lower left abdominal pain and blood in the stool, it’s crucial to seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare providers may use various diagnostic tools and techniques to determine the underlying cause.

Physical Examination and Medical History

The first step in diagnosis often involves a thorough physical examination and discussion of your medical history. Your doctor will ask about the nature of your symptoms, their duration, and any factors that seem to worsen or alleviate them.

Laboratory Tests

What blood tests might be ordered for abdominal pain and rectal bleeding?

• Complete Blood Count (CBC) to check for anemia or signs of infection
• C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to assess inflammation
• Liver function tests
• Celiac disease antibody tests

Stool samples may also be collected to check for blood, parasites, or other abnormalities.

Imaging Studies

Imaging tests can provide valuable information about the structure and function of your digestive system. Common imaging studies include:

• Abdominal X-rays
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Ultrasound

Endoscopic Procedures

In some cases, your doctor may recommend endoscopic procedures to visualize the inside of your digestive tract directly. These may include:

• Colonoscopy: Examination of the entire colon
• Sigmoidoscopy: Examination of the lower part of the colon
• Upper endoscopy: Examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine

These procedures can help identify conditions such as diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or other sources of bleeding.

Treatment Options for Lower Left Abdominal Pain and Associated Conditions

Treatment for lower left abdominal pain and blood in stool depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatment approaches for various conditions:

Diverticulitis Treatment

How is diverticulitis typically treated?

• Mild cases: Often managed with rest, liquid diet, and oral antibiotics
• Severe cases: May require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and bowel rest
• Complications: Surgery may be necessary for severe or recurring cases

Prevention of future episodes often involves a high-fiber diet and maintaining good bowel habits.

Celiac Disease Management

The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. This involves eliminating all sources of gluten from the diet, including wheat, barley, and rye. Nutritional counseling is often recommended to ensure a balanced diet while avoiding gluten.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

Treatment for IBD aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. Options may include:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aminosalicylates, corticosteroids)
• Immunosuppressants
• Biologic therapies
• Antibiotics
• Dietary modifications
• Surgery in severe cases

Managing Lactose Intolerance

What are the strategies for managing lactose intolerance?

• Avoiding or limiting dairy products
• Using lactase enzyme supplements before consuming dairy
• Choosing lactose-free or low-lactose alternatives
• Gradually introducing small amounts of dairy to build tolerance

Treating Indigestion and Gas

Management of indigestion and excessive gas often involves lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. These may include:

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoiding trigger foods
• Using antacids or acid reducers for indigestion
• Taking simethicone for gas relief
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques

In cases where symptoms persist or are severe, prescription medications may be necessary.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Abdominal Pain and Rectal Bleeding

While occasional mild abdominal discomfort is common, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek emergency care if you experience:

• Severe, persistent abdominal pain
• High fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C)
• Persistent vomiting
• Inability to pass stool or gas
• Large amounts of rectal bleeding or blood mixed with stool
• Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dark urine, dizziness)

Additionally, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider if you have ongoing mild to moderate abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or recurrent episodes of blood in your stool. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes for many digestive conditions.

Remember, while this guide provides comprehensive information about lower left abdominal pain and blood in stool, it’s not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized diagnosis and treatment recommendations based on your specific symptoms and medical history.

Pain in lower left abdomen: 14 possible causes

There are several possible causes of lower left abdomen pain. Some causes are more common and benign, while others can be serious and require medical attention.

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis can cause lower left abdominal pain. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula, which are small pouches in the intestinal wall, become infected and inflamed.

Diverticula form in weak areas of the large intestine, usually in the lower section — the sigmoid colon. They do not always cause symptoms or any problems. Many adults have diverticula, and it is more common in older adults.

In some cases, diverticula may cause some pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. If diverticula become inflamed, it can develop into diverticulitis.

Diverticulitis can cause pain in the lower left side of the abdomen, which may feel sudden and severe, but can also start off mild and get worse over several days. Other symptoms include:

• constipation or diarrhea
• fever and chills
• nausea or vomiting
• occasionally, blood in stools

Diverticulitis can cause serious complications without treatment, so people should consult a doctor if they have any of the above symptoms.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that occurs in the digestive tract when a person cannot digest gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and is present in several foods and healthcare products.

When a person has celiac disease, eating gluten triggers their immune system to attack portions of the intestine, causing a range of digestive problems. Without treatment, celiac disease can cause long-term damage to the small intestine.

Symptoms of celiac disease may include:

• pain in the abdomen
• pressure and gas
• bloating
• fatigue
• weight loss
• diarrhea

Children with undiagnosed celiac disease may also experience malnourishment and growth impediments as a result of the condition. People with celiac disease should avoid gluten to prevent symptoms.

A person should speak with a doctor if they think they may have celiac disease.

Gas

It is natural to have gas in the digestive tract and occasional symptoms of gas. Swallowing air more frequently or eating certain foods may increase gas symptoms, such as:

• burping or belching
• passing gas
• bloating or swelling in the abdomen

Typically, gas is not anything to worry about and will pass out of the body through either the mouth or anus. Causes of gas include:

• digesting foods that are prone to releasing gas
• swallowing air
• smoking
• chewing gum
• overeating
• undigested foods
• certain bacteria in the stomach
• health conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

People should speak with a doctor if symptoms of gas are bothering them, they have a sudden change in symptoms, or they have additional symptoms, including abdominal pain and:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• constipation
• unexplained weight loss

Lactose intolerance

A person who is lactose intolerant has trouble digesting milk and milk-based products, such as cheese and yogurt. This is because they lack sufficient amounts of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks down the lactose in milk, which consists of the simple sugars glucose and galactose.

People with lactose intolerance are unable to digest all the lactose from food and drink. Unabsorbed lactose passes into the colon, where bacteria break it down to create gas and fluid. This increase in fluid and gas can cause symptoms such as:

• pain in the abdomen
• loose stool or diarrhea
• bloating
• gas
• nausea

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic conditions that can cause painful inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract. The umbrella term for both conditions is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Crohn’s disease is most common in the small intestine, and ulcerative colitis occurs in the large intestine.

There is no clear cause of IBD, but it occurs due to a weakened immune system. Genetics may also play a role. Symptoms of IBD include:

• pain in the abdomen
• persistent diarrhea
• blood in the stool
• fatigue
• weight loss

Indigestion

Indigestion is a group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Indigestion can cause abdominal pain, but this usually occurs in the upper part of the abdomen.

In most cases, indigestion is mild and does not cause complications. Symptoms of indigestion include:

• a burning sensation
• slight pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• heartburn
• bloating
• gas
• uncomfortable fullness after eating a meal

People may wish to try over-the-counter (OTC) indigestion relief medications.

If people have other symptoms alongside indigestion, it may indicate a more serious condition. People will need to see a doctor if indigestion lasts longer than 2 weeks, or if they also experience:

• black, tarry stools
• blood in vomit or persistent vomiting
• unexplained weight loss
• severe or constant pain in the abdomen
• difficulty swallowing
• pain in the chest, jaw, neck, or arm
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• jaundice

Shingles

The same virus that causes chickenpox causes shingles. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus stays dormant in the body for the rest of their life. Sometimes, the virus can reactivate, causing pain and a rash that may wrap around one side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of shingles include:

• pain
• itching
• tenderness on the skin
• rash
• fluid-filled blisters

A person may feel tenderness and itchiness on one area of the skin before the rash appears. They may also experience a fever, chills, headache, or upset stomach. Shingles pain may vary from mild to severe.

Doctors usually prescribeantiviral medications for shingles, such as valacyclovir and acyclovir. Additionally, oatmeal baths or cool cloths for the skin may help ease discomfort.

Vaccines are available to help reduce the risk of a person developing shingles later in life.

IBS

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Symptoms of IBS may include:

• abdominal pain
• changes in bowel movements
• constipation or diarrhea
• gas
• bloating

Changes to the nerves and muscles relating to the gut cause IBS. Stress and anxiety may worsen IBS, so relaxation and regular exercise can help. People may also manage IBS with dietary changes, increasing dissolvable fiber intake, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms.

Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or other body part pushes through the abdominal wall. A bulge may appear in the midsection or near the groin.

Different types of hernias can occur, and they vary according to the underlying cause. If people have symptoms of a hernia, they will need to see a doctor to find out what type of hernia it is and what treatment they may require.

Symptoms of a hernia can include:

• a bulge in the abdomen or groin
• pain or aching in the hernia area
• pressure at the site of the hernia
• increasing discomfort when straining the abdomen

Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia usually occurs in the groin area. They are more common in males but can affect females too.

Inguinal hernias can cause complications without treatment, so it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis as soon as possible. People will usually need surgery to repair an inguinal hernia.

Constipation

Constipation occurs when a person cannot pass a stool, passes hard stools, or passes stools fewer than 3 times a week.

It may occur due to a lack of exercise, fiber, or fluids. Certain medications or IBS can also cause constipation. A person may treat constipation by improving their diet, doing regular exercise, and increasing fluid intake.

Symptoms of constipation include:

• abdominal pain
• straining or pain when passing stool
• dry, hard stools
• having fewer than three bowel movements in a week
• bloating or discomfort
• feeling sluggish

Kidney stones

Most kidney stones occur due to calcium buildup and can form in either the right or left kidney.

A person may develop a kidney stone and not realize they have it until the stone causes problems, such as blocking part of the kidney or causing severe pain as it passes.

Typical symptoms of kidney stones include:

• abdominal pain or ache
• pain when urinating
• nausea or vomiting
• blood in the urine
• fever and chills
• severe lower back pain on one side

Intestinal obstruction

When a blockage occurs in the intestine, food cannot pass through the digestive tract as normal. This results in an obstruction that needs immediate medical attention. Hernias and medical conditions affecting the intestines can lead to intestinal obstruction.

People with conditions such as IBD or colon cancer or who have had abdominal surgery may be more at risk of intestinal obstruction.

A person will need to contact a doctor straight away if they have these symptoms of intestinal obstruction:

• severe abdominal pain
• inability to pass stool
• swollen abdomen
• vomiting
• loud noises from the stomach

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy can occur if a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, this can cause the fallopian tube to burst, which can be life threatening.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include:

• mild pain or cramping in the abdomen or pelvis
• lower back pain
• abnormal vaginal bleeding

These symptoms can develop into severe abdominal or pelvic pain, shoulder pain, and dizziness. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency, and people will require immediate medical attention.

Learn more about female anatomy here.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common condition that can affect females. Endometriosis occurs when tissue, which is similar to the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis may occur due to menstrual cycle problems, genetic factors, or problems with the immune system.

The main symptom of endometriosis is pain, which can include:

• painful menstrual cramps
• abdominal pain
• pain in the lower back and pelvis
• pain during or after sex
• during periods, painful bowel movements, or pain when urinating

People may also have bleeding between periods, stomach issues, and difficulty with fertility. Hormone treatments, and in severe cases surgery, can help manage endometriosis symptoms.

To diagnose persistent or severe abdominal pain, a doctor can use a variety of techniques to explore the possible causes and identify a course of treatment. These include:

• computerized tomography (CT) scans
• ultrasound imaging
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
• physical examination
• endoscopy, in which a doctor inserts a tube with an attached light and camera down the throat and into the stomach, producing an image of the lower abdomen

Identifying certain abdominal problems may require repeat visits and close follow-ups.

Once a primary care physician makes a diagnosis, they may refer the individual to a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who will be able to provide more focused care.

The type of treatment will depend on the condition causing the pain. A person should speak with a doctor to determine suitable treatment for their condition.

Lower abdominal pain due to an infection, such as diverticulitis, will often require medications and resting as treatment.

Other, more structural, problems, such as a hernia or an intestinal blockage, may require surgery.

Treatment for constipation and gas often includes basic dietary adjustments and, in severe cases, laxatives. For more chronic lower abdominal pain, such as the pain in IBS or IBD, more careful, long-term dietary management can help to manage symptoms.

Treatment for food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, often involves excluding that food from the diet.

People should speak with a doctor about any abdominal pain that is persistent or severe or if they have concerns about any symptoms. People will also need to see a doctor if they have:

• blood in stools
• persistent diarrhea, constipation, or change in bowel movements
• unexplained weight loss

A doctor will need to examine chronic or persistent pain to find out the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan.

In many cases, a person is not likely to experience any lasting effects from abdominal pain.

If the abdominal pain is due to a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, a doctor can help a person develop a treatment plan to improve their symptoms in the long term.

People may experience lower left abdominal pain for a range of reasons. Some causes can be temporary, but in some cases, the pain may be a sign of a chronic condition. People should speak with a doctor about any persistent or severe symptoms.

Treatments will depend on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.

Pain in lower left abdomen: 14 possible causes

There are several possible causes of lower left abdomen pain. Some causes are more common and benign, while others can be serious and require medical attention.

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis can cause lower left abdominal pain. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula, which are small pouches in the intestinal wall, become infected and inflamed.

Diverticula form in weak areas of the large intestine, usually in the lower section — the sigmoid colon. They do not always cause symptoms or any problems. Many adults have diverticula, and it is more common in older adults.

In some cases, diverticula may cause some pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. If diverticula become inflamed, it can develop into diverticulitis.

Diverticulitis can cause pain in the lower left side of the abdomen, which may feel sudden and severe, but can also start off mild and get worse over several days. Other symptoms include:

• constipation or diarrhea
• fever and chills
• nausea or vomiting
• occasionally, blood in stools

Diverticulitis can cause serious complications without treatment, so people should consult a doctor if they have any of the above symptoms.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that occurs in the digestive tract when a person cannot digest gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and is present in several foods and healthcare products.

When a person has celiac disease, eating gluten triggers their immune system to attack portions of the intestine, causing a range of digestive problems. Without treatment, celiac disease can cause long-term damage to the small intestine.

Symptoms of celiac disease may include:

• pain in the abdomen
• pressure and gas
• bloating
• fatigue
• weight loss
• diarrhea

Children with undiagnosed celiac disease may also experience malnourishment and growth impediments as a result of the condition. People with celiac disease should avoid gluten to prevent symptoms.

A person should speak with a doctor if they think they may have celiac disease.

Gas

It is natural to have gas in the digestive tract and occasional symptoms of gas. Swallowing air more frequently or eating certain foods may increase gas symptoms, such as:

• burping or belching
• passing gas
• bloating or swelling in the abdomen

Typically, gas is not anything to worry about and will pass out of the body through either the mouth or anus. Causes of gas include:

• digesting foods that are prone to releasing gas
• swallowing air
• smoking
• chewing gum
• overeating
• undigested foods
• certain bacteria in the stomach
• health conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

People should speak with a doctor if symptoms of gas are bothering them, they have a sudden change in symptoms, or they have additional symptoms, including abdominal pain and:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• constipation
• unexplained weight loss

Lactose intolerance

A person who is lactose intolerant has trouble digesting milk and milk-based products, such as cheese and yogurt. This is because they lack sufficient amounts of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks down the lactose in milk, which consists of the simple sugars glucose and galactose.

People with lactose intolerance are unable to digest all the lactose from food and drink. Unabsorbed lactose passes into the colon, where bacteria break it down to create gas and fluid. This increase in fluid and gas can cause symptoms such as:

• pain in the abdomen
• loose stool or diarrhea
• bloating
• gas
• nausea

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic conditions that can cause painful inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract. The umbrella term for both conditions is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Crohn’s disease is most common in the small intestine, and ulcerative colitis occurs in the large intestine.

There is no clear cause of IBD, but it occurs due to a weakened immune system. Genetics may also play a role. Symptoms of IBD include:

• pain in the abdomen
• persistent diarrhea
• blood in the stool
• fatigue
• weight loss

Indigestion

Indigestion is a group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Indigestion can cause abdominal pain, but this usually occurs in the upper part of the abdomen.

In most cases, indigestion is mild and does not cause complications. Symptoms of indigestion include:

• a burning sensation
• slight pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• heartburn
• bloating
• gas
• uncomfortable fullness after eating a meal

People may wish to try over-the-counter (OTC) indigestion relief medications.

If people have other symptoms alongside indigestion, it may indicate a more serious condition. People will need to see a doctor if indigestion lasts longer than 2 weeks, or if they also experience:

• black, tarry stools
• blood in vomit or persistent vomiting
• unexplained weight loss
• severe or constant pain in the abdomen
• difficulty swallowing
• pain in the chest, jaw, neck, or arm
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• jaundice

Shingles

The same virus that causes chickenpox causes shingles. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus stays dormant in the body for the rest of their life. Sometimes, the virus can reactivate, causing pain and a rash that may wrap around one side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of shingles include:

• pain
• itching
• tenderness on the skin
• rash
• fluid-filled blisters

A person may feel tenderness and itchiness on one area of the skin before the rash appears. They may also experience a fever, chills, headache, or upset stomach. Shingles pain may vary from mild to severe.

Doctors usually prescribeantiviral medications for shingles, such as valacyclovir and acyclovir. Additionally, oatmeal baths or cool cloths for the skin may help ease discomfort.

Vaccines are available to help reduce the risk of a person developing shingles later in life.

IBS

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Symptoms of IBS may include:

• abdominal pain
• changes in bowel movements
• constipation or diarrhea
• gas
• bloating

Changes to the nerves and muscles relating to the gut cause IBS. Stress and anxiety may worsen IBS, so relaxation and regular exercise can help. People may also manage IBS with dietary changes, increasing dissolvable fiber intake, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms.

Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or other body part pushes through the abdominal wall. A bulge may appear in the midsection or near the groin.

Different types of hernias can occur, and they vary according to the underlying cause. If people have symptoms of a hernia, they will need to see a doctor to find out what type of hernia it is and what treatment they may require.

Symptoms of a hernia can include:

• a bulge in the abdomen or groin
• pain or aching in the hernia area
• pressure at the site of the hernia
• increasing discomfort when straining the abdomen

Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia usually occurs in the groin area. They are more common in males but can affect females too.

Inguinal hernias can cause complications without treatment, so it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis as soon as possible. People will usually need surgery to repair an inguinal hernia.

Constipation

Constipation occurs when a person cannot pass a stool, passes hard stools, or passes stools fewer than 3 times a week.

It may occur due to a lack of exercise, fiber, or fluids. Certain medications or IBS can also cause constipation. A person may treat constipation by improving their diet, doing regular exercise, and increasing fluid intake.

Symptoms of constipation include:

• abdominal pain
• straining or pain when passing stool
• dry, hard stools
• having fewer than three bowel movements in a week
• bloating or discomfort
• feeling sluggish

Kidney stones

Most kidney stones occur due to calcium buildup and can form in either the right or left kidney.

A person may develop a kidney stone and not realize they have it until the stone causes problems, such as blocking part of the kidney or causing severe pain as it passes.

Typical symptoms of kidney stones include:

• abdominal pain or ache
• pain when urinating
• nausea or vomiting
• blood in the urine
• fever and chills
• severe lower back pain on one side

Intestinal obstruction

When a blockage occurs in the intestine, food cannot pass through the digestive tract as normal. This results in an obstruction that needs immediate medical attention. Hernias and medical conditions affecting the intestines can lead to intestinal obstruction.

People with conditions such as IBD or colon cancer or who have had abdominal surgery may be more at risk of intestinal obstruction.

A person will need to contact a doctor straight away if they have these symptoms of intestinal obstruction:

• severe abdominal pain
• inability to pass stool
• swollen abdomen
• vomiting
• loud noises from the stomach

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy can occur if a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, this can cause the fallopian tube to burst, which can be life threatening.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include:

• mild pain or cramping in the abdomen or pelvis
• lower back pain
• abnormal vaginal bleeding

These symptoms can develop into severe abdominal or pelvic pain, shoulder pain, and dizziness. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency, and people will require immediate medical attention.

Learn more about female anatomy here.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common condition that can affect females. Endometriosis occurs when tissue, which is similar to the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis may occur due to menstrual cycle problems, genetic factors, or problems with the immune system.

The main symptom of endometriosis is pain, which can include:

• painful menstrual cramps
• abdominal pain
• pain in the lower back and pelvis
• pain during or after sex
• during periods, painful bowel movements, or pain when urinating

People may also have bleeding between periods, stomach issues, and difficulty with fertility. Hormone treatments, and in severe cases surgery, can help manage endometriosis symptoms.

To diagnose persistent or severe abdominal pain, a doctor can use a variety of techniques to explore the possible causes and identify a course of treatment. These include:

• computerized tomography (CT) scans
• ultrasound imaging
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
• physical examination
• endoscopy, in which a doctor inserts a tube with an attached light and camera down the throat and into the stomach, producing an image of the lower abdomen

Identifying certain abdominal problems may require repeat visits and close follow-ups.

Once a primary care physician makes a diagnosis, they may refer the individual to a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who will be able to provide more focused care.

The type of treatment will depend on the condition causing the pain. A person should speak with a doctor to determine suitable treatment for their condition.

Lower abdominal pain due to an infection, such as diverticulitis, will often require medications and resting as treatment.

Other, more structural, problems, such as a hernia or an intestinal blockage, may require surgery.

Treatment for constipation and gas often includes basic dietary adjustments and, in severe cases, laxatives. For more chronic lower abdominal pain, such as the pain in IBS or IBD, more careful, long-term dietary management can help to manage symptoms.

Treatment for food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, often involves excluding that food from the diet.

People should speak with a doctor about any abdominal pain that is persistent or severe or if they have concerns about any symptoms. People will also need to see a doctor if they have:

• blood in stools
• persistent diarrhea, constipation, or change in bowel movements
• unexplained weight loss

A doctor will need to examine chronic or persistent pain to find out the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan.

In many cases, a person is not likely to experience any lasting effects from abdominal pain.

If the abdominal pain is due to a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, a doctor can help a person develop a treatment plan to improve their symptoms in the long term.

People may experience lower left abdominal pain for a range of reasons. Some causes can be temporary, but in some cases, the pain may be a sign of a chronic condition. People should speak with a doctor about any persistent or severe symptoms.

Treatments will depend on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.

Causes of pain in the lower abdomen – symptoms, diagnosis, treatment at NCC No. 2 (Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Weak, moderate or severe pain in the lower abdomen in women, the causes of which may be different, is a very common complaint from numerous patients, both very young and elderly. In some cases, these are, albeit unpleasant, but variants of the norm that do not indicate any pathologies. But, often they are one of the symptoms of a large list of diseases. First of all, gynecological health is under suspicion, although pain can also occur for reasons of a different nature. In any case, you need the help of specialists who will identify the source of the disease state.

Types of pain in the lower abdomen

The nature of pain can be different:

• pull;
• stabbing;
• aching;
• cramping;
• expanding;
• blunt;
• cutting;
• herpes;
• burning, as if burning from the inside.

Unpleasant sensations can begin abruptly and intensely, grow gradually, disturb on the right, left or in the middle, radiate to the lower back and other areas. It can last for several minutes or days, stop periodically or disturb constantly.

The causes of pain in the lower abdomen in women can be divided into several main categories:

In choosing specific research methods, making a correct diagnosis, it is of great importance to clarify the nature, duration, and intensity of pain. By studying the symptoms, doctors can suggest a specific disease and outline the necessary direction in the examination of the patient.

Lower abdominal pain in women: physiological causes

In this case, pain is associated with physiological changes occurring in the body. They can occur at different stages of the menstrual cycle, early pregnancy, be observed during hormonal changes (including during menopause).

Shortly after fertilization, a woman may feel a pulling pain. This is due to the introduction of the egg into the endometrium of the uterus, the integrity of which is violated. As the fetus grows, the internal organs move, which sometimes provokes severe discomfort.

Many girls experience severe pain during ovulation in the lower abdomen, the causes of which are hidden in the hormonal changes that occur due to the rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg. Often they are accompanied by other symptoms:

• breast hypersensitivity;
• nausea;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• sudden changes in emotional state;
• puffiness;
• bloating.

Before menstruation, pain is also a frequent companion of many women. If the patient is examined, she does not have any pathologies and unpleasant sensations do not interfere with her usual way of life, then such manifestations fit into the normal range. When the pain is intense and provokes a serious deterioration in the general condition, dysmenorrhea (algomenorrhea) is usually diagnosed.

Pathologies of the reproductive system

There are many causes of pain associated with gynecological problems. Among the most common:

• Endometritis. It is characterized by inflammation of the endometrium, which can be acute or chronic. Often accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle, spotting, uterine bleeding, pulling pains.
• Adnexitis. Inflammation of the uterine appendages is one of the most common diseases in gynecological practice. In addition to pain (may be in one side or spread to the entire lower abdomen), patients experience signs of intoxication and fever. The disease is caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
• Endometriosis. In this disease, the cells of the uterus grow and are outside of it. Accompanied by pain during urination, defecation, sexual intercourse and just with sudden movements, heavy bleeding during menstruation. Regardless of the cycle, brownish discharge is noted.
• Uterine fibroids, which are usually characterized by dull pain in the pelvic region. Cysts, other benign, as well as malignant formations can cause discomfort of varying intensity, spasms.
• Spikes. May be the result of inflammation in the genital organs, varicose and other diseases. Complications during pregnancy. These include spontaneous abortion, placental abruption and other pathologies. In such cases, the pain is sudden and sharp, accompanied by the release of blood from the genitals.

Separately, it is worth focusing on sexual infections – mycoplasmosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and other diseases. They affect the reproductive organs, causing pain, copious vaginal discharge of a pathogenic nature, burning, itching and are fraught with complications if left untreated.

Pain on the right and left

In some cases, patients complain of pain in a specific localization. There may be pain in the lower abdomen in a woman on the right due to a right-sided lesion of the uterine appendages of an inflammatory nature (adnexitis, salpingo-oophoritis), spasm of the ileum, and tumor formations. Also in this place is the caecum, which has a vermiform process – the appendix. In case of its inflammation, appendicitis develops and the patient needs emergency care.

The most common causes of pain in the left lower abdomen in women are secondary inflammation of the appendages, spasm of the sigmoid colon, a tumor process, and ulcerative colitis. Sometimes the problem can be associated with disorders in the joints of the spine and their tissues, herniated disc, sciatica.

Disorders in the functioning of the organs of the urinary system

Cystitis is one of the most common causes of aching pain in women. The bladder can become inflamed after a banal hypothermia. Cramping during urination, false and frequent urges are a characteristic symptomatology of this disease. Other frequently diagnosed pathologies of the urinary system include pyelonephritis and urethritis, in which case discomfort is disturbed not only in the lower abdomen, but also in the back (especially in the lumbar region).

With pain that is dull in nature and occurs in the area above the pubis, bladder polyps can be assumed.

Problems in the work of the digestive organs

It can also hurt in the lower abdomen due to problems with the intestines, existing diseases of different parts of the digestive system:

• Poisoning of low-quality food contaminated with bacteria. For example, with shigellosis, echirichiosis and other infections, the pain is paroxysmal and pronounced.
• Inguinal hernias, spigelian and white lines. When they are infringed, acute pain occurs in the abdominal cavity.
• Pancreatitis. With inflammation of the pancreas, the left side of the lower abdomen and chest hurts, jaundice may occur.
• Intestinal colic. It is characterized by spasm of the large or small intestine. Able to be the result of helminthic invasion, food poisoning, severe stress.
• Cholecystitis. When the outflow of bile is disturbed, the risk of developing inflammation of the gallbladder is high. In this case, the pain spreads to the right side, shoulder or shoulder blade.

If the pain is accompanied by diarrhea or constipation, discoloration of the feces, the appearance of blood or mucus in the stool, bloating, nausea, vomiting, frequent urge to empty the bowels, chills or fever, the cause of such symptoms may be a disorder of the digestive function, diseases of the organs GIT.

Other causes of pain

There are many other problems that can cause pain in the lower abdomen. These include:

• injuries of the abdominal cavity and genital organs;
• prolapse of the vagina and uterus;
• varicose veins of the small pelvis;
• torsion of tumor pedicle, etc.

Also, women who tend to react sharply to stressful situations, often worry and experience anxiety, suffer from pain of a psychogenic nature much more often than others.

The multidisciplinary medical center NCC No. 2 (CCH RAS) has experienced and highly qualified specialists who regularly undergo training in leading world clinics, modern medical and diagnostic resources, and equipment from well-known manufacturers. All this makes it possible to provide comprehensive medical care to patients with problems of varying degrees of complexity.

causes, what to do and which doctor to contact

The appearance of visible impurities of blood in the feces is always of great concern, because for some reason it is generally accepted in society that this is the main symptom of colon cancer. Blood in the feces is indeed an alarming signal that cannot be ignored, however, this symptom can be observed not only in intestinal oncology, but also in a number of other diseases.

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Causes of blood in stool

Stool with blood visible to the naked eye is most commonly seen with hemorrhoids, anal fissure, colorectal cancer, and colitis. It is noteworthy that the nature of rectal bleeding in each of these diseases has certain differences.

Hemorrhoids

Inflammatory disease of the hemorrhoidal veins of the rectum, accompanied by expansion and thrombosis of hemorrhoids.

Bloody discharge is usually scanty, bright scarlet or bright red. In rare cases, dark-colored blood or blood clots are observed. Distinctive feature: blood is not mixed with feces.

Other symptoms of hemorrhoids: pain, itching, a feeling of fullness in the rectum, prolapse of hemorrhoids to the outside.

anal fissure

Rupture of the mucous membrane of the anal (anal) canal, most often of traumatic origin.

The picture of bleeding resembles the symptoms of hemorrhoids: scarlet or red blood, not mixed with feces. The amount of blood is usually small, although blood loss can be significant in large fissures.

Other symptoms of anal fissure: pain during bowel movements, quickly subsiding after a bowel movement; occasionally, if the gap is inflamed – a feeling of fullness.

Colorectal cancer

A malignant tumor of one or more parts of the colon.

The blood may be red or pronounced black. A distinctive feature: blood is released at the beginning of the act of defecation, and not at the end, as with hemorrhoids or anal fissure. In some cases, a bloody color can acquire all the excreted feces as a whole.

Other symptoms of colorectal cancer: the presence of a large amount of mucus or pus in the feces, a specific smell of feces, soreness in the abdomen, stool disorders, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestines, flatulence, constant weakness and fatigue, sudden weight loss.

Ulcerative colitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine with the formation of ulcers (wounds).

Blood is always mixed with feces, but more often in the form of subtle inclusions or bloody mucus. In the later stages of the disease, blood or bloody mucus may be released even outside the act of defecation.

Other symptoms of ulcerative colitis: frequent and loose stools, with a fetid odor, sometimes with an admixture of pus; frequent urge to defecate; cramping pain in the abdomen, often on the left side; constant flatulence; general weakness and severe emaciation.

Other reasons

The presence of blood in the stool can be observed in some other diseases:

• stomach ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer;
• Crohn’s disease;
• intestinal polyps;
• syphilitic ulcers of the rectum;
• gonorrheal proctitis, etc.

A separate group of causes of bloody impurities in the feces should include various intestinal infectious diseases of a viral, bacterial or protozoal (parasitic) nature: dysentery, salmonellosis, botulism, enterovirus, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, amoebiasis, etc. Each intestinal infection has its own specific clinical picture, but in general terms, the course of development of most intestinal infections resembles ulcerative colitis.

What to do if there is blood in the stool

There can be only one correct decision in such a situation – to immediately visit a proctologist who will conduct an examination, prescribe the necessary laboratory or instrumental studies, after which he will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Statistics show that about 60-70% of rectal bleeding is caused by hemorrhoids, which can be successfully treated by modern medicine, and therefore one should not immediately suspect cancer and delay a visit to the doctor because of fears of “hearing a bad diagnosis.”

Attention: any attempts to establish the cause of bloody stools on their own (so to speak, “according to symptoms”), followed by self-treatment, will only lead to an aggravation of the disease and a deterioration in the overall clinical prognosis, and therefore the Health Formula Medical Center strongly does not recommend postponing a visit to the doctor, if blood began to be observed in the feces after stools, even in the smallest quantities.