What are the common causes of breast lumps. How can you differentiate between benign and cancerous lumps. When should you consult a doctor about a breast lump. What diagnostic tests are used to evaluate breast lumps.

Understanding Breast Anatomy and Normal Tissue Texture

To comprehend breast lumps, it’s crucial to first understand breast anatomy. Breasts are composed of various tissues, including fat, nerves, blood vessels, fibrous connective tissue, and glandular tissue. This complex structure naturally creates an uneven terrain within the breast.

The breast also contains an intricate system of milk-producing lobules and ducts that transport milk to the nipple. This inherent anatomy contributes to the normal lumpiness many women experience in their breasts.

What constitutes a breast lump?

A breast lump is typically defined as a mass or irregularity that distinguishes itself from the background of normal breast tissue. These lumps can vary significantly in size, texture, and mobility. Some may be as small as a pea, while others could span several inches, although larger lumps are less common.

Characteristics of Benign vs. Cancerous Breast Lumps

While it’s natural to be concerned about any new breast lump, it’s important to remember that the vast majority of breast lumps are benign. In fact, studies suggest that 80 to 85 percent of breast lumps are non-cancerous, particularly in women under 40.

How can you differentiate between benign and cancerous lumps?

Several characteristics can help distinguish between benign and cancerous lumps:

• Mobility: Benign lumps are often movable and can be rolled between the fingers, while cancerous lumps tend to feel more fixed in place.
• Texture: Benign lumps may feel soft, smooth, and fluid-filled, whereas cancerous lumps are more likely to be hard and have irregular edges.
• Pain: Benign lumps are more likely to cause pain or tenderness, while cancerous lumps are typically painless (with some exceptions).
• Changes over time: Benign lumps may fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle, while cancerous lumps tend to grow steadily.

It’s important to note that these are general guidelines, and only medical tests can definitively determine whether a lump is benign or cancerous.

Common Causes of Benign Breast Lumps

Benign breast lumps can arise from various causes, many of which are related to hormonal fluctuations and the menstrual cycle. Understanding these common causes can help alleviate anxiety when discovering a breast lump.

What are the most frequent types of benign breast lumps?

1. Fibrocystic changes: Affecting at least half of all women, these changes result in a general lumpiness often described as “ropy” or “granular.”
2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can be tender and often fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.
3. Fibroadenomas: Typically found in younger women, these are solid, round, and movable lumps.
4. Intraductal papillomas: Small, wart-like growths that develop in the milk ducts.
5. Traumatic fat necrosis: Lumps that form due to injury to the breast tissue.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes: A Closer Look

Fibrocystic breast changes are one of the most common benign breast conditions, affecting a significant portion of women during their reproductive years.

What are the symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes?

Symptoms of fibrocystic changes can include:

• Tender, fibrous, or rubbery breast tissue
• A general thickening of breast tissue
• Round, fluid-filled cysts
• Breast pain or discomfort, often cyclical with menstruation
• Lumpy or rope-like texture when touching the breasts

These changes are typically related to hormonal fluctuations and may increase as women approach middle age. Interestingly, fibrocystic changes often diminish or disappear entirely with menopause.

How can fibrocystic breast changes be managed?

While fibrocystic changes don’t require treatment, some measures can help manage symptoms:

• Limiting salt and caffeine consumption to reduce fluid buildup
• Using over-the-counter pain relievers for discomfort
• Wearing a supportive bra, especially during physical activities
• Applying heat or ice packs to alleviate breast pain
• In some cases, doctors may recommend birth control pills to regulate hormonal fluctuations

Breast Cysts: Formation, Symptoms, and Management

Breast cysts are another common type of benign breast lump, particularly in women between 35 and 50 years old.

What exactly are breast cysts?

Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within the breast tissue. They can range in size from microscopic to several inches in diameter. Cysts often feel like round or oval lumps with distinct edges. They may be tender to the touch and can fluctuate in size during the menstrual cycle.

How are breast cysts diagnosed and treated?

Diagnosis of breast cysts typically involves:

1. Clinical breast examination
2. Imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound
3. In some cases, fine needle aspiration to confirm the fluid-filled nature of the cyst

Treatment for breast cysts depends on their size, symptoms, and whether they’re causing discomfort. Options may include:

• Observation for asymptomatic cysts
• Fine needle aspiration to drain large or painful cysts
• In rare cases, surgical removal of persistent or complex cysts

When to Seek Medical Attention for Breast Lumps

While most breast lumps are benign, it’s crucial to know when to consult a healthcare professional. Early detection and diagnosis are key in managing any potential breast health issues.

What are the red flags that warrant immediate medical attention?

Seek prompt medical evaluation if you notice any of the following:

• A new, persistent lump in your breast or underarm area
• Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of your breast
• Skin changes on your breast, such as dimpling, redness, or scaling
• Nipple changes, including inversion, discharge, or scaling
• Persistent breast pain unrelated to your menstrual cycle

Remember, even if you’ve had normal mammograms in the past, it’s important to have any new breast changes evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Diagnostic Procedures for Breast Lumps

When a breast lump is detected, various diagnostic procedures may be employed to determine its nature and whether further treatment is necessary.

What are the common diagnostic tests used to evaluate breast lumps?

1. Mammography: An X-ray of the breast that can detect lumps before they’re palpable.
2. Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of breast tissue and can distinguish between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of breast tissue and is often used in conjunction with mammography for high-risk patients.
4. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is used to extract a small sample of cells or fluid from the lump for laboratory examination.
5. Core Needle Biopsy: A larger needle is used to remove a small cylinder of tissue for analysis.
6. Surgical Biopsy: In some cases, a surgical procedure may be necessary to remove all or part of the lump for comprehensive examination.

The choice of diagnostic procedure depends on various factors, including the characteristics of the lump, the patient’s age and risk factors, and the results of initial examinations.

Breast Self-Exams and Regular Screenings: Key to Early Detection

While the effectiveness of breast self-exams (BSEs) in reducing breast cancer mortality has been debated, they remain an important tool for breast health awareness. Regular BSEs can help women become familiar with their normal breast tissue and more easily detect any changes.

How should a breast self-exam be performed?

A comprehensive breast self-exam involves both visual inspection and physical examination:

1. Visual inspection: Stand in front of a mirror and look for any changes in breast size, shape, or skin texture. Repeat with arms raised above your head and hands pressed on your hips.
2. Physical examination: Use the pads of your fingers to examine your entire breast and armpit area, both while standing and lying down. Apply varying levels of pressure to feel different depths of breast tissue.

It’s recommended to perform BSEs monthly, preferably a few days after your menstrual period ends when breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender.

What is the importance of regular breast cancer screenings?

Regular breast cancer screenings, including clinical breast exams and mammograms, are crucial for early detection of breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends:

• Women aged 40-44: Option to start annual mammograms
• Women aged 45-54: Annual mammograms
• Women 55 and older: Mammograms every 1-2 years, continuing as long as overall health is good

These guidelines may vary based on individual risk factors, so it’s important to discuss the appropriate screening schedule with your healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Factors and Breast Health

While many breast lumps are influenced by factors beyond our control, certain lifestyle choices can promote overall breast health and potentially reduce the risk of developing both benign and cancerous breast conditions.

What lifestyle changes can promote breast health?

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly after menopause.
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help regulate hormones and strengthen the immune system.
• Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
• Quit smoking: Smoking is linked to various health issues, including an increased risk of breast cancer.
• Eat a balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall health and potentially reduce cancer risk.
• Manage stress: While the direct link between stress and breast health is not fully understood, stress reduction techniques can contribute to overall well-being.

It’s important to note that while these lifestyle factors can contribute to overall health, they do not guarantee prevention of breast lumps or breast cancer. Regular screenings and prompt attention to any breast changes remain crucial for early detection and treatment.

When to Worry About Breast Lumps

You’re in the shower, conducting your monthly breast self-exam. Suddenly your hand freezes. You’ve found a lump. Now what?

First, don’t panic — 80 to 85 percent of breast lumps are benign, meaning they are noncancerous, especially in women younger than 40. Not only that, but if you’re of an age to be having regular mammograms, and if those mammograms have been negative, the odds are even better that your palpable (capable of being felt) lump is not cancer.

“I tell women that years before they ever experience a palpable lump we will have seen something on their screening mammogram,” says Steven R. Goldstein, MD, an obstetrician and gynecologist and a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.

Even armed with that knowledge, it’s hard not to worry if you find a lump. At the very least, you’ll have questions. How do you differentiate between a lump that is breast cancer and one that is benign? What causes benign breast lumps? And do they go away on their own?

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How To Spot Changes In Your Breasts

Breast Lumps: Why Size, Movability, and Pain Matter

Your breasts are made up of fat, nerves, blood vessels, fibrous connective tissue, and glandular tissue, as well as an intricate system of milk-producing lobules (where milk is made), and ducts (thin tubes that carry milk to the nipple). This anatomy in and of itself creates a lumpy, uneven terrain.

A lump in the breast distinguishes itself from this background of normal irregularities. Harmless breast lumps can be solid and unmovable, like a dried bean; or movable, soft, and fluid-filled — you can roll it between your fingers like a grape. A lump may be pea-size, smaller than a pea, or even several inches across, although this larger size is rare.

What typically differentiates a benign breast lump from a cancerous breast lump is movement. That is, a fluid-filled lump that rolls between the fingers is less likely to be cancerous than a hard lump in your breast that feels rooted in place.

Another rule of thumb has to do with pain. Breast cancer does not usually cause pain. Benign conditions sometimes do, although there are exceptions to this rule as well. For instance, a rare form of breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, may cause symptoms such as aching, tenderness, pain, or burning in the breast.

The only way to know the status of a lump for sure is through medical tests, such as an ultrasound, a mammogram, or a fine needle aspiration (FNA), in which your doctor uses a tiny needle to extract a bit of the lump for laboratory examination.

Not all benign breast lumps will require additional testing, at least not right away. If you find what appears to be a fluid-filled cyst during your menstrual period, for instance, your doctor may want to check your breast again at the end of your period to see if the cyst has disappeared. If the cyst goes away, you and your doctor will know your lump was indeed benign and related to the hormonal fluctuations associated with menstruation.

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Common Causes of Benign Breast Lumps

Most benign breast lumps and conditions are directly related to your menstrual cycle, to fluctuations in your hormones, and to the fluid buildup that comes with your monthly period. Other benign breast lumps and conditions may be related to plugged milk ducts, infections, or even breast injuries. The risk for benign breast conditions increases for women who have never had children and those who have a history of irregular menstrual cycles or a family history of breast cancer.

Here are some of the most common benign breast conditions.

Fibrocystic changes These changes cause a general lumpiness that can be described as “ropy” or “granular,” and affect at least half of all women. Symptoms of fibrocystic change include tender, fibrous, rubbery tissue; a thickening of tissue; or a round, fluid-filled cyst. These changes, which are related to hormonal fluctuation, may increase as you approach middle age and disappear with menopause. Sometimes doctors recommend limiting salt and caffeine consumption to ease fluid buildup. Birth control pills may also ease symptoms.

Cysts Cysts are round or oval sacs, often measuring one to two inches across. They may be tender to the touch and filled with fluid. They may come and go with your menstrual period, becoming larger and more tender at the beginning of your period and disappearing at the end. Your doctor may order an ultrasound or a fine needle aspiration to make sure it’s a cyst and not something else. In very rare cases, when a cyst is particularly large or painful, your doctor may use a needle to withdraw and reduce the fluid inside it. Cysts generally affect women between ages 35 and 50.

Fibroadenoma These benign lumps occur primarily in young girls and women in their teens and twenties. Fibroadenomas are more common in those who use birth control pills before age 20. They range in size from microscopic to several inches across, are movable under the skin, and are round and hard like a marble. Your doctor may opt to identify it via FNA or biopsy, or removal of the lump. If the fibroadenoma shrinks or doesn’t grow over time, and your doctor is sure of the diagnosis, he or she may decide to simply leave it alone.

Fat necrosis This occurs when fatty breast tissue is damaged by injury to the breast, resulting in the formation of round, firm lumps. It’s more common in women with large breasts, particularly in obese women. Your doctor will most likely watch the lump through several menstrual cycles and may decide to remove it surgically. Sometimes the necrosis will produce what is called an oily cyst, which your doctor can drain with a needle.

Nipple discharge Sometimes women experience nipple discharge with or without a breast lump. The color of nipple discharge can vary from yellow to green. A clear to milky discharge may mean a hormonal malfunction. Greenish black discharge could be related to duct ectasia, a narrowing or blockage of the duct. A bloody discharge can mean cancer but is more likely to be due to injury, infection, or a benign tumor. Your doctor may study the fluid under a microscope to determine the problem.

Mastitis An infection of the milk duct, mastitis can create a lumpy, red, and warm breast, accompanied by fever. It occurs most commonly in women who are breastfeeding, but can occur in non-breastfeeding women as well. Treatment involves warm compresses and antibiotics. Because these symptoms are similar to inflammatory breast cancer, if they occur in a non-breastfeeding woman a doctor may want to do a biopsy.

Other, less-common conditions Some medical conditions cause breast lumps, including hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of cells in the breast ducts or lobules; adenosis, which causes enlarged lobules; intraductal papilloma, a wart-like growth of gland tissue that grows in the duct; and lipoma, which is a benign fatty tumor.

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Signs of Cancerous Breast Tumors

Though most breast lumps are benign, some do turn out to be cancerous. If a tumor is cancerous, it will continue to grow and invade normal nearby tissue. If it isn’t treated, it can spread to other areas in the body.

Most cancerous breast tumors first appear as single, hard lumps or thickening under the skin. Other signs to watch for include a change in nipple appearance, nipple secretions, nipple tenderness, and a dimpling or puckering of the skin.

About half of cancerous breast lumps appear in the upper, outer quadrant of the breast, extending into the armpit. About 18 percent of breast cancer tumors show up in the nipple area. Around 11 percent are found in the lower quadrant, and 6 percent are located in the lower, inner quadrant.

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If You Find a Breast Lump

Most benign breast conditions are treatable, and some will even go away on their own, but it’s best to let your doctor be the one to tell you that. All breast lumps should be evaluated by a medical professional, who will help you decide how to proceed. Because of the fluctuations in breast tissue that occur in response to hormonal changes throughout the month, it’s typically a good idea to do a self-exam at the same point every month, such as a few days after the end of your menstrual cycle.

Additional reporting by Julie Marks.

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Common Breast Lumps That Aren’t Cancer

Benign breast lumps are common, says Dr. Brennan (above, left).

The first thing to do if you notice a lump in your breast? Don’t panic.

“Many lumps turn out to be benign,” says Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center breast radiologist Sandra Brennan, the Director of Radiology at MSK Westchester. “But the most important thing is to not ignore it. Get it checked out.”

The earlier breast cancer is caught, the easier it is to treat.

What Can a Benign Breast Lump Feel Like?

Lumps that are benign (not cancer) may be tender and feel smooth and mobile. A cancerous lump is more likely to feel hard, but some non-cancerous lumps can feel hard, too.

Dr. Brennan recommends seeing a doctor about any new breast lump — also called a breast nodule — no matter how big or small it is. That’s true even in someone who recently had a negative mammogram. But, she adds, keep in mind that the lump could very well be one of the following:

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A Cyst

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that usually don’t require treatment but can be drained if they are large and cause discomfort. Sometimes they are sensitive to the touch; other times they are barely noticeable. They tend to wax and wane with a woman’s menstrual period and may go away on their own.

“A cancerous lump will not change with your menstrual cycle,” Dr. Brennan says.

Cysts are quite common in young women. In women under 30, doctors often use ultrasound to evaluate lumps — a mammogram usually isn’t warranted. Cysts in the breast can run in families. Many women will say their mother or sister also have cystic breasts.

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A Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenomas are clumps of benign breast tissue that come together and form a mass. Unlike cysts, these breast nodules usually feel firm but are usually moveable. They are common and usually found in women younger than 50. Some present as lumps, while many are found incidentally on breast imaging such as mammography or ultrasound. As with cysts, fibroadenomas usually don’t require any treatment.

Because it looks solid (as opposed to filled with fluid) on an ultrasound, a woman may sometimes need a biopsy to confirm the lump is a fibroadenoma. But this may not always be necessary because a fibroadenoma has certain benign characteristics that can be well seen on an ultrasound

“You can draw a smooth line around the edges of a fibroadenoma, which is typically oval-shaped and oriented parallel to the chest wall,” says Dr. Brennan. “With cancer, the margins are more irregular and the mass is often vertical with shadowing and increased blood flow. Cancers typically have increased blood supply.”

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Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH)

PASH is a benign mass caused by an overgrowth of benign cells found in connective tissue and smooth muscle. It is influenced by hormones and in rare cases may cause breast enlargement. It can feel like a lump, but most of the time a person doesn’t even feel it; it just shows up on routine imaging or is found incidentally on a breast biopsy. It is most often found in younger women between the ages of 30 and 50. However, cases in girls as young as 14 have been documented. Even though it has a long, scary name it is harmless and usually does not require treatment, unless large and causing discomfort.

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Lumpy Breast Tissue

Sometimes what feels like a lump is just dense breast tissue or a ridge of breast tissue. Regular breast self-exams can help women familiarize themselves with their breasts, Dr. Brennan says. Menstruating patients should examine themselves about seven days after starting their period every month.

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Fat Necrosis (Scar Tissue)

Fat necrosis develops when an area of fatty breast tissue gets injured, whether through breast surgery or trauma, like a car accident or bad fall. It can feel like a firm lump. “We commonly see it after surgery in patients who have had lumpectomies, breast reduction surgery, or mastectomies,” Dr. Brennan says.

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A Reaction to the COVID-19 Vaccine

Dr. Brennan says she sees people who have thickened lymph nodes in the armpit of the arm where they received the vaccine. It happens most often when a person’s breast screening is close to when they were vaccinated. “We will do an ultrasound to check it,” Dr. Brennan says, “and we can usually tell that it’s a benign lymph node.” Sometimes a follow up ultrasound of the lymph node is performed 8 to 12 weeks after the initial scan. A benign reactive lymph node will typically return to normal size within that time.

However, Dr. Brennan notes, people should not assume a lump under the armpit is from the vaccine, so it’s still important to get it checked out. It is also extremely important to not skip your routine screening or delay it too long on account of the vaccine. Simply inform the technologist performing your mammogram when you received the vaccine and which arm.

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Breast Cancer Screening at MSK

A physical exam alone cannot reliably distinguish a benign lump in the breast from a suspicious one. Thankfully, there are many options for screening:

• A 3-D mammogram offers a detailed look at the breast in “slices” — almost like a photo flipbook — so doctors can get a very detailed picture. 3D allows us to see cancers through dense breast tissue.
• An ultrasound (also known as a sonogram) uses sound waves to see lumps. It can distinguish between solid and cystic masses.
• A contrast mammogram and an MRI both show if the lump has blood flow. Cancers typically have increased blood supply.

At MSK, we offer breast cancer screening services and programs for people at all levels of risk, with or without a history of cancer. MSK’s breast cancer screening guidelines recommend that most women get a mammogram every year beginning at age 40, with annual mammography beginning earlier for women at a high risk for breast cancer.

Key Takeaways

• Most breast lumps are not cancer.
• The only way to tell if a breast lump is benign is by getting it checked out.
• MSK offers various screening services for all people, with or without a history of cancer.

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Painful lump in the chest: possible causes and diagnosis

Painful lump in the chest can be a sign of serious diseases such as breast cancer. It is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible. The article discusses the causes of compaction and diagnostic methods.

Breast tenderness is one of the most common problems in women. In most cases, this is not a sign of breast cancer, but you should immediately consult a doctor to diagnose and determine the cause of unusual changes.

Symptoms of a painful lump in the breast can vary and include discomfort, tenderness, swelling, tenderness and discomfort.

In this article, we look at possible causes of painful breast lumps, how to diagnose and treat them, and when to worry and see a doctor.

Cystic mass

Cystic mass is one of the most common causes of hardening of breast tissue. This condition is associated with the formation of intrathoracic cysts – fluid-filled cavities that form in the tissues of the breast.

Cystic mass may be benign, but in rare cases may be associated with malignant changes. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner if a seal appears in the chest.

Various research methods are used to diagnose cystic formation, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging. In some cases, a biopsy may be required – taking a tissue sample for further examination.

If the cystic mass does not cause symptoms and does not show signs of malignancy, no treatment is required. However, if the cysts cause discomfort or are cancerous, various treatments may be prescribed, including surgical removal, drug treatment, or ultrasound therapy.

• Cystic formation is a common cause of breast compaction;
• Diagnostics includes various research methods;
• Treatment may be prescribed depending on signs of malignant changes.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from breast cells. It is one of the most common forms of cancer among women, but can also occur in men.

The causes of breast cancer are not fully known, but there are a number of factors that increase the risk of developing this disease:0026

Symptoms of breast cancer may include breast lumps or swelling, changes in breast size and shape, nipple discharge, and skin discoloration.

Breast examination, mammography, ultrasound and tumor biopsy are performed to diagnose breast cancer. Treatment may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.

Fibrous tumor of the mammary gland

Fibrous tumor of the mammary gland is a harmless neoplasm that develops from the connective tissue of the breast. It may appear as a single or multiple tumor. It can also be part of a fibroadenoma – a tumor that combines the epithelial and connective tissues of the mammary gland.

Fibrosis symptoms may include breast lumps, chest pain and discomfort. Usually this formation does not grow and does not turn into a malignant tumor, but it is necessary to pass tests and undergo additional examination to exclude the possibility of breast cancer.

Methods such as mammography, ultrasound, biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging are used for diagnosis. Usually, a hard, smooth and illiterate tumor of the connective tissue is determined, which is not associated with formations in the glandular tissue row.

Fibrous tumor of the breast does not need treatment if it is found to be harmless. If the induration causes discomfort, surgical removal of the tumor or the entire fibrofloral node may be performed.

In general, fibroid tumor of the breast is not a dangerous disease. However, if you have discovered a new mass in your breast, you should consult a medical specialist for examination and diagnosis.

Inflammation of the breast

Inflammation of the breast , also known as mastitis, is one of the most common problems in the female breast. Inflammation can occur in women of any age, but women who are breastfeeding most often suffer.

Causes of inflammation of the breast include infection, healing of the milk ducts, accumulation of milk fluid, thickening of the breasts, and injury or cuts to the breast. Some women may also develop an infection due to immune system suppression or poor breast hygiene.

Breast inflammation symptoms may include breast tenderness and tightness, skin redness, fever, and general fatigue. Some women may develop pustular inflammation, which may require surgical treatment.

Treatment for breast inflammation may include taking antibiotics to fight the infection, pain and inflammation relief with pain and anti-inflammatory medications, and use of warm compresses and breast massage. In case of severe pustular inflammation, surgery may be required to remove the pustular focus.

Prevention of breast inflammation includes good personal hygiene, a healthy diet and hormone balancing, regular breast self-examination for lumps, and timely contacting a doctor if any changes are detected.

Mastopathy

Mastopathy is a disease of the mammary gland, which is characterized by changes in its tissues. Most cases of mastopathy are not dangerous and do not require treatment. However, some forms of mastopathy can result in malignant tumors.

Symptoms of mastopathy include:

• painful lump in the chest;
• nipple discharge;
• breast reshaping;
• chest pain;
• feeling of heaviness in the chest.

Mammography and ultrasound examination of the breast, as well as a biopsy of the breast tissue are performed to diagnose mastopathy.

Treatment for mastopathy may include lifestyle changes, such as avoiding nicotine and alcohol, and medication to reduce symptoms.

Breast Injury

Breast Injury is an injury to the breast that can occur due to a blow, fall or other impact on the chest. Symptoms of such an injury may include pain, swelling, and bruising.

If a woman develops a painful lump in her chest after an injury, it is important to see a doctor. Trauma can lead to the development of a cyst, fibrosis, or mastitis. Injury can also increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Mammography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging may be required to diagnose breast trauma. If there are seals or other pathological changes in the breast, a biopsy may be required.

Treatment of breast injury depends on the severity of the injury and the damage caused. In the case of a mild injury, observation and management of pain symptoms may be required. In more severe cases, surgery may be required.

To reduce the risk of breast damage, it is recommended that you wear a suitable sports bra during exercise and sports.

Breast abscess

Breast abscess is a purulent inflammation that occurs as a result of infection of the gland, most often in women during breastfeeding. An abscess can develop both on the back and on the front wall of the breast.

The main symptoms of a breast abscess are soreness in the chest, induration in the affected area, redness, swelling and fever. In the case of the development of a purulent process, symptoms of general intoxication of the body can be observed: chills, sweating, headache.

To diagnose a breast abscess, it is necessary to conduct a number of studies, including mammography, breast ultrasound, and clarify the composition of the purulent contents.

The treatment of a breast abscess depends on the extent of its development. In some cases, the use of antibacterial drugs is sufficient, in others it may be necessary to open and drain the abscess. In any case, treatment should be prescribed only by a doctor and carried out under his supervision.

At the first sign of a possible breast abscess, it is necessary to consult a doctor and start treatment in order to avoid possible complications, such as the transition to a chronic form, the formation of pustules, the development of sepsis and mastitis.

Male breast

The breast is an organ commonly associated with the female body. However, the mammary glands are also present in men, but they are in small numbers and perform other functions.

The mammary glands in men begin to develop during puberty under the influence of the hormone prolactin, which is produced by the pituitary gland. However, in men, the mammary glands do not function and are unable to produce milk.

Diseases of the mammary glands in men are much less common than in women. One of the most common pathologies is gynecomastia, which causes enlargement of the mammary glands. The disease can develop both in adolescents and in adult men and can be caused by physiological or pathological causes.

Physiological causes of gynecomastia:

• Overweight;
• Balanced diet with plenty of estrogens;
• Taking certain medications;

Pathological causes of gynecomastia:

• Disorders of the pituitary and hypothalamus;
• Hypogonadism;
• Breast cancer.

In case of induration and pain in the area of ​​the mammary gland, it is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo a set of diagnostic measures to determine the cause of the pathology.

Diagnosis of painful lump in the chest

Diagnosis of painful lump in the chest is a complex of medical procedures aimed at identifying the possible causes of this symptom. Usually, the diagnosis begins with a visit to the doctor and undergoing a breast examination.

Next, your doctor may order a chest x-ray or mammogram to look for a tumor or other lump in your breast. If a tumor is found, a biopsy may be required to help establish its nature and determine whether it is malignant or benign.

In some cases, additional tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or other diagnostic tests may be required. In addition, the doctor may order blood or urine tests to determine hormone levels or other biochemical parameters.

Breast tenderness should be diagnosed as soon as possible to avoid serious complications and start treatment early. Therefore, if such symptoms are detected, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor and undergo all the prescribed studies.

Clinical examination

Clinical examination is an important step in the diagnosis of painful breast lumps. The doctor conducts a visual examination of the breast, a general analysis of the patient and an anamnesis.

During the examination, the doctor looks for symptoms that may indicate the cause of the lump, such as swelling, redness, itching, bleeding, a skin defect, changes in the shape of the breast, or discharge from the nipple.

Also, the doctor may feel the chest for lumps, check the lymph nodes in the armpits and subclavian area. If necessary, may order a breast examination using dopplerography, mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

During the history taking, the doctor will learn about the presence of chest diseases in relatives, problems during breastfeeding, the presence of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the history of the disease, as well as other symptoms that may help in the diagnosis of compaction.

In general, the clinical examination is an important component in the diagnosis of tender breast lumps. It allows you to determine the presence of other symptoms that may indicate a specific cause of compaction, as well as to plan additional examinations.

Ultrasound of the breast

Ultrasound of the breast is a painless and absolutely safe for health study that allows you to visualize the structure of the breast, identify the presence of tumors and other pathological processes.

The method of ultrasound of the breast allows you to identify various abnormalities that are not detected during normal palpation. It can be a lipoma, fibroadenoma, cysts or other tumors. Also, breast ultrasound can help detect mastitis, milk fistulas, abscesses and other pathological changes.

Breast ultrasound is the right choice for diagnosing tumors because it is more accurate than mammography. Ultrasound does not cause pain or discomfort, and it can be performed even during pregnancy or breastfeeding, when the use of x-rays is contraindicated.

As a result of an ultrasound of the breast, the doctor will be able to determine the size, shape and structure of the tumor, its type, density and other characteristics, as well as determine its exact location for further diagnosis and treatment.

Although breast ultrasound is a painless test, it should only be done when ordered by a doctor, as some breast pathologies can only be detected with other diagnostic methods, such as mammography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Mammography

Mammography is an X-ray method for diagnosing breast diseases. This is the most effective way to detect breast cancer at an early stage.

In a mammogram, the breast is placed between two plates and compressed for a clearer image. The image then identifies any abnormalities such as cysts, tumors, or calcifications that may be precursors to breast cancer.

Mammography is recommended for women over 40 years of age. The frequency of its implementation may depend on age, the presence of risk factors and the specific situation.

If any abnormalities are found on a mammogram, additional tests, such as an ultrasound or biopsy, are usually ordered to clarify their nature. This is necessary to determine the further treatment plan.

Mammography is an important tool in the fight against breast cancer. Regularly conducting this study helps to detect diseases at an early stage, which increases the chance of successful treatment.

Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a non-traumatic method for diagnosing breast diseases that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of internal organs.

For a breast MRI, the patient must lie on their back inside the limited space of the scanner. The procedure can last from 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the number of images required.

Breast MRI can be used to detect a variety of pathologies, including breast cancer, fibrous tissue, and cysts. In addition, MRI can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment, as well as to determine if the cancer has spread to other areas of the body.

Although breast MRI is considered a very accurate diagnostic tool, it is not the primary screening method. It is usually used for additional examination of those patients who already have suspicions of breast cancer or other pathologies.

Examination of a breast tissue sample

It is often necessary to examine a breast tissue sample to diagnose a painful lump in the breast. This allows you to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment.

There are several methods for examining a breast tissue sample. One of them is a breast biopsy. During this test, the doctor removes a sample of breast tissue using a needle or surgery. The sample is then sent for laboratory testing.

The results of examining a breast tissue sample can serve as a basis for establishing an accurate diagnosis and choosing the most effective treatment. It is important to choose a qualified doctor and conduct research in a specialized medical institution.

Breast compaction diagnostic plan

For an accurate diagnosis of breast compaction, a number of medical examinations are necessary: ​​

1. Breast palpation. Carried out by a gynecologist or mammologist, allows you to detect violations of the shape and structure of the gland, the presence of seals and tumors.
2. Mammography. This is an X-ray examination of the breasts to reveal lumps and tumors inside the breast.
3. Breast ultrasound. This is a high-frequency sound examination that allows you to assess the structure and condition of the gland.
4. Breast MRI. Investigation is done when there is a high suspicion of a lump or lump in the breast. Allows you to get a detailed image of the mammary glands.
5. Biopsy. The method allows you to analyze cells or tissues from seals in the breast, which helps to establish their nature and determine the presence of malignant changes. A biopsy can be done with a needle or through surgery.

After all the examinations, the medical specialist can establish an accurate diagnosis and determine further treatment, if necessary.

When to see a doctor

If you have a painful lump in your chest, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Delaying a visit to the doctor for a long time can lead to more serious consequences, including the development of breast cancer.

If a lump in the breast is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness of the skin, or discharge from the nipple, call an ambulance.

In an increasing number of breast cancer cases, getting regular mammograms and seeing a doctor if any breast changes are found is an important factor.

To avoid more serious problems, it is recommended that you see a doctor as soon as possible if you notice any changes in your breasts. Regular check-ups with a doctor are also an important preventive measure.

Conclusion

Painful lumps in the breast can be caused by a variety of causes, including breast disease, infections, tumors, mastitis, trauma, and several types of arthritis.

Self-diagnosis is not a reliable method of identifying the cause of the lump, so if symptoms are present, see a doctor. The doctor will conduct the necessary studies and make a diagnosis, on the basis of which treatment will be prescribed.

Early visit to the doctor and timely research allows you to identify the disease at an early stage and prevent its further development. Following the doctor’s recommendations and regular preventive examinations also help prevent the appearance of seals in the mammary glands.

In addition to traditional medicine, alternative methods such as massage, yoga, low fat diet, etc. can also be used. However, with any changes in the breast, it is necessary to consult a doctor and get his recommendations.

Q&A:

What are the causes of painful lumps in the chest?

The cause may be various diseases of the mammary glands, for example, mastopathy, cysts, breast cancer. Also seals can be caused by hormonal changes, injuries, infectious diseases.

What symptoms accompany the appearance of lumps in the chest?

Depending on the cause of the lumps, different symptoms may occur, such as swelling and redness of the skin, discharge from the nipple, soreness when pressure is applied to the breast. These symptoms may be accompanied by general malaise, fever, and other signs of illness.

How is breast lump diagnosed?

Various tests are performed for diagnosis, including ultrasound, mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A biopsy may also be done, in which a tissue sample is taken for detailed examination.

How can lumps in the breast be treated?

Treatment options depend on the cause of the lumps. In some cases, surgery may be required; in other cases, drug therapy is sufficient. Physical therapy and diet may also be prescribed.

How can I prevent lumps in my breasts?

It is not possible to prevent lumps, but the risk of them can be reduced. To do this, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, regularly check the chest for lumps and take tests for hormones.

How often should I have preventive breast examinations?

Doctors recommend routine breast exams once a year for women over 40 years of age. For women between the ages of 20 and 40, it is recommended that you check your breasts every month and see a doctor if you find any changes in their condition.

Can breast lumps be safe?

Yes, some lumps may be harmless and not a sign of disease. For example, seals can form as a result of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. However, if a seal is found, it is always necessary to consult a doctor to rule out the possibility of a disease.

Lump in the sternum: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Content

• 1 Lump in the sternum: causes and methods of treatment
• 1.3 Surveys to identify the cause of a lump in the sternum
• 1.4 How is a lump in the sternum treated?
• 1.5 Drug treatment of a bump in the sternum
• 1.6 Surgical treatment of a lump in the sternum
• 1.7 Consequences of improper treatment of a lump in the sternum
• 1.8 Removal of a lump in the sternum at home
• 1.9 Prevention of the appearance of a lump in the sternum
• 1. 10 The importance of contacting a doctor if a lump is found in the area sternum
• 1.11 Possible complications of a lump in the sternum and their prevention
• 1.12 Related videos:
• 1.13 Q&A:
  • • 1.13.0.1 What causes a lump in the sternum?
    • 1.13.0.2 How is a lump in the sternum diagnosed?
    • 1.13.0.3 What is the probability that a lump in the sternum is a tumor?
    • 1.13.0.4 What treatments are available for lumps in the sternum?
    • 1.13.0.5 If a mammogram does not reveal a tumor, does this mean that the bump in the sternum is safe?
    • 1.13.0.6 What are the possible consequences of ignoring a bump in the sternum?

A lump in the sternum can be a symptom of various diseases, including tumors and cysts. It is important to consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. What can be the cause of a lump in the chest area and what measures need to be taken – read our article.

Breast lumps can be caused by many factors such as hormonal imbalance, trauma, infection, or even cancer. Therefore, it is important to study all possible causing factors and consult a specialist to clarify the diagnosis.

In order to correctly determine the cause of a bump on the chest, it is necessary to conduct an examination and diagnosis. Your doctor may order a mammogram, ultrasound, or biopsy to look for additional signs of the disease or to confirm the diagnosis.

The treatment for a breast lump depends on its cause. In some cases, even surgery will be needed, but in milder cases, drug therapy or non-invasive treatments may be required. In any case, it is impossible to do without consulting a doctor and professional help.

Breast health is a guarantee of women’s health in general. When a lump appears on the chest, be sure to consult a doctor and do not hesitate with timely treatment.

Causes of a bump in the sternum

A bump in the sternum is a serious symptom that may indicate various diseases. One of the reasons for the appearance of bumps is a hernia. A hernia occurs when internal organs protrude outside the abdominal cavity through weak points in the abdominal wall. Often a hernia occurs in the abdomen, but it can also appear in the sternum.

A lump in the sternum can also be caused by other causes, such as a tumor, abscess, bone defect, or inflammation of the thyroid gland. At the first sign of problems in this area, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis of a lump in the sternum

The appearance of a lump in the sternum can be the first symptom of various diseases. Attention should be paid to characteristics such as shape, size, texture, presence of pain, and superficial location.

If the lump is round and has smooth borders, this may indicate a cyst. A round bump with uneven borders and a dense texture may be a sign of a tumor. If the bump does not cause pain and is superficially located, it may be a fatty tumor or cyst. The presence of pain and heterogeneous texture may indicate ganglioneuroma. For an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor and conduct appropriate studies.

In the event of a bump in the sternum, you should consult a doctor. Early treatment will help prevent the development of serious diseases and increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Examinations to identify the cause of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be caused by various causes. To find out what exactly caused the formation of the tumor, it is necessary to undergo several examinations.

The first step for any symptoms that are unusual for your body should always be to see a doctor. At the appointment with a general practitioner, you can talk about your feelings and previously similar cases of diseases in your loved ones. Your therapist may recommend laboratory and clinical tests for you, depending on the situation.

In addition, x-rays, CT scans, or magnetic resonance imaging may be needed to determine the cause of lumps in the chest area. These methods allow you to more accurately see what is happening inside tissues and organs.

Once the doctor has received the results of all necessary examinations, he can make a final diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment.

• Recommended examinations to identify the causes of lumps in the sternum:
  1. Laboratory blood and urine tests.
  2. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.
  3. X-ray examination.
  4. Computed tomography.
  5. Magnetic resonance imaging.

How is a lump in the sternum treated?

The treatment of a lump in the sternum depends on the cause of the lump. One of the possible symptoms of a lump in the chest are hernias. If the lump is caused by a hernia, treatment may include wearing a brace and doing exercises to relieve pressure in the chest area.

If the cause of the lump is not related to a hernia, treatment may include surgery. Surgery may be necessary if the lump in the chest causes significant discomfort or the risk of serious complications.

Medicines may also be given to treat a lump in the sternum. For example, if there is inflammation or infection around a bump, antibiotics may be given. If the lump is causing pain, pain medication may be used.

In any case, the choice of method for treating lumps in the sternum should be made only after consulting a doctor and conducting a diagnosis. Only an experienced specialist can accurately determine the cause of the lump and make a correct diagnosis, which, in turn, is the basis for effective treatment.

Drug treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be caused by hernias that cause symptoms such as pain and discomfort. Drug treatment for the bump may include anti-inflammatory or pain medications to reduce pain and inflammation.

Drugs used to treat breast lumps may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. They can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the area of ​​the bump.

If the lump is caused by a hernia, a drug may be given to help relieve pressure on the hernia and reduce symptoms. Such preparations may include certain types of muscle relaxants or analgesics.

Drug treatment can be used in combination with other methods, such as physical therapy or surgery, to achieve the best result in treating a lump in the sternum.

Surgical treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum is often a symptom of a serious disease that requires surgery. It could be breast cancer, a tumor, or a cyst. Surgical treatment is one of the ways to combat these diseases.

Before proceeding with the operation, the doctor conducts a detailed diagnosis to determine the exact diagnosis and extent of the disease. After that, the patient is prescribed surgical treatment. During the operation, the doctor removes the bump in the sternum using different methods depending on the diagnosis and the condition of the patient.

Surgical treatment is a rather complex process, so it is important to choose a qualified specialist to perform the operation. It is recommended to contact a clinic with a good reputation and positive feedback from patients.

After the operation, you must follow all the doctor’s instructions for caring for the wound and take the prescribed medications. This will help to avoid possible complications and speed up the healing process. It is also important to complete all scheduled postoperative examinations.

Consequences of improper treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be caused by various causes, but improper treatment can lead to serious consequences.

One such consequence is a hernia, which can result from surgery to remove the bump. If the wound does not heal properly or postoperative care is not followed, then hernias can form, which is often painful and requires additional treatment.

Another possible consequence of improper treatment of a lump in the chest area is the symptoms that may remain after surgery. This may include pain, swelling, and discomfort that may persist for a long time and interfere with normal activities. Therefore, it is important to treat the bumps with care and follow the recommendations of a specialist.

In general, improper treatment of a lump in the chest area can lead to various complications, so it is necessary to carefully choose the clinic and doctor, follow the recommendations of the postoperative period, and report any unusual symptoms to the doctor.

Removal of a lump in the sternum at home

Removal of a lump in the sternum is a practice that should be entrusted to an experienced doctor. But if the hernia in this place has not yet begun and the bump does not cause symptoms, you can try to remove it at home.

Start by applying ice to the bump for a few days to reduce its size. Then, using an antiseptic applied to the skin around the bump, gently try to move it with your fingers to the sides. If the bump does not give back, do not try to continue, but see a doctor.

In case the bump gives symptoms such as pain or pressure on the chest, no experimentation is required. Seek immediate medical attention. A doctor can identify the risk of developing a hernia and suggest the treatment that is needed to prevent further problems.

• Do not try to open the bump and remove the contents yourself. This can lead to infection and other complications.
• Make sure you are clean and dry when in contact with the bump. Use gloves and antiseptic to prevent infection

If you suspect a hernia, be sure to visit a doctor. He will diagnose and talk about possible treatments, including surgery to eliminate the bump and the cause of its occurrence.

Prevention of the appearance of a bump in the sternum

One of the most important points in the prevention of the appearance of a lump in the sternum is the correct posture. A person who has developed back and abs muscles is less likely to encounter this problem. You can prevent its occurrence by performing special exercises to stretch the chest and strengthen the back muscles.

It is also important to control your weight to avoid a hernia in the sternum. Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle can help with this.

If you have a job that involves lifting heavy loads, you must use special devices for folding and unloading loads. This will help to avoid sudden movements and injuries that can cause bumps in the sternum.

• Pay attention to your shoes.
• Standing on heels, you distribute the weight of the body incorrectly: the load on the chest increases.

It is important to know that a bump in the sternum is not an independent disease, but a consequence of the development of another pathology. An increased risk of its occurrence in the elderly and in those who lead a sedentary lifestyle.

The importance of seeking medical attention if a lump is found in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be a symptom of various diseases and pathologies. If you find such a lump, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Among the possible reasons for the appearance of bumps in the sternum can be hernias of various levels of complexity. A hernia can pass through a hole in the muscles and ligaments of the thoracic spine, resulting in lumps.

Treatment for a lump in the sternum depends on the cause of the lump and may include methods such as surgery, medication, and massage. Treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of a physician.

You should never ignore these symptoms or try to treat a lump in the sternum yourself. Seeing a doctor on time will help to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and begin treatment.

Possible complications with a lump in the sternum and their prevention

A bump in the sternum can cause a number of complications if you do not pay attention to it and do not carry out timely treatment. With prolonged absence of therapy, a hernia may form – protrusions of internal organs through weak areas of the muscles in a limited area of ​​​​the body.

hernias can be dangerous and lead to impaired circulation and blockage of organs. Therefore, it is necessary to be attentive to your health and regularly examined, especially if there is a bump in the sternum.

To prevent possible complications, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and move a lot. It is also necessary to seek medical help at the first sign of a bump in the sternum. Regular examination will help to identify problems in a timely manner and begin treatment as soon as possible.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What causes a bump in the sternum?

A bump in the sternum can be caused by various causes: inflammatory diseases (eg, furuncle), mammary gland pathologies (breasts in women), diaphragmatic hernia, trauma or tumor diseases.

How is a lump in the sternum diagnosed?

Various tests are performed to diagnose a lump in the sternum: physical examination, mammography, breast ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

What is the probability that a lump in the sternum is a tumor?

The likelihood that a lump in the sternum is a tumor depends on its characteristics and is observed in many cases. If the lump grows quickly, has a heterogeneous structure, changes color, causes pain, or enlarges the lymph nodes, the likelihood of a tumor is high.

What treatments are available for lumps in the sternum?

The treatment for a lump in the sternum depends on its cause. If the bump is caused by an inflammatory process, treatment may include antibiotics and local pain medication. The tumor often requires surgical treatment, possibly followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

If a mammogram does not reveal a tumor, does this mean that the bump in the sternum is safe?

No, this does not mean that a lump in the sternum is safe, as mammography may not show all types of tumors.