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What A Lump On The Jawline Could Indicate

What Causes a Lump on the Jawline?

A bump, mass, or swollen area along the jawline might cause a fright. However, the lump could indicate many harmless or easily treatable conditions — from something as simple as an insect sting to as common as a swollen lymph node. Tumors — both cancerous and benign — are rarer but should always be ruled out by a medical provider. Check out these common causes for jawline lumps:

Abscessed Tooth

A severely abscessed tooth usually develops from an untreated cavity. The harmful bacteria reach the blood vessels and nerves in the tooth’s inner chamber to infect the pulp canal system. A tooth fracture, severe trauma, or problems with the existing root canal can also lead to an abscessed tooth. The abscess can cause significant swelling, forming a lump along your jawline. The onset of the swelling is usually rapid and severely painful.

Treatment: Make an appointment with your dentist immediately to examine the tooth. Treatment usually requires extraction or a root canal. Your dentist might also drain the area and prescribe antibiotics for the infection.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

A movable lump on your jawbone could indicate a swollen lymph node. A network of lymph nodes helps your immune system protect your body from illnesses. These lymph nodes are located in the head and neck, including under the jaw and chin. When your lymph nodes swell, it usually signals the presence of an infection, such as the cold, flu, ear infection, sinus infection, strep throat, and more. An abscessed tooth can also cause a swollen lymph node. The swollen lymph node can vary in size and might feel tender when you touch it, chew or turn your head.

Treatment: You will need to treat the underlying infection to reduce your lymph node swelling. Your dentist or physician might prescribe an antibiotic or antiviral medication or an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever to treat the inflammation. Severe cases might require the lymph nodes to be drained of pus.

Cysts or Benign Tumors

Other non-cancerous growths might also cause a lump to appear along your jawline. Cysts are sacs filled with fluid or other matter, while benign tumors are formed when cells divide at an abnormal rate. These cysts and tumors cannot infect neighboring tissue or spread throughout the body. Though they are generally pain-free to the touch, these cysts and tumors can cause discomfort when they grow and put pressure on nearby structures.

12 Common Face ‘Bumps’ and How to Deal With Them

If those tactics don’t help, talk to your dermatologist who may prescribe a stronger anti-itch medication or a corticosteroid shot to calm the inflammation.

9. Bumps due to eczema

This common skin condition, also called atopic dermatitis, usually shows up before age five, but can technically occur at any age. “Eczema often appears as oozing or crusted bumps, patches or plaques and, if chronic, even as thick scales, and arises from an interaction between both genes and the environment,” Jeremy A. Brauer, M.D., a New York-based dermatologist, tells SELF.

There are several types of eczema, but generally the condition occurs when the top layer of your skin can’t retain moisture and protect you from irritants, allergens, and environmental elements. And as we just explained, the condition goes beyond dry skin and can cause some serious discomfort in people who are affected.

How to treat and prevent eczema

There’s no way to prevent the condition, but you can manage flare-ups. You may want to speak to a doctor to confirm that you have eczema so you can work together on finding the right treatment. Several factors, including the age of the patient and their symptoms, may affect treatment which generally includes oral, topical, or injected medications. “In many cases, a change in environmental factors—avoidance of known triggers, a change in bathing habits —can relieve symptoms,” says Dr. Brauer.

He recommends patients opt for shorter, lukewarm showers using gentle fragrance-free products followed by moisturizing. He also suggests washing clothes with detergent for sensitive skin—like Seventh Generation Free & Clear ($26, Amazon)—as well as washing your hands less frequently or making sure to use moisturizer afterwards. The Cleveland Clinic also recommends using a humidifier at night, applying a moisturizing cream (it’s more effective than lotion) several times a day, and using a cortisone cream to help relieve your symptoms.

10. Bumps due to rosacea

Another chronic inflammatory condition, rosacea typically appears on the face, Dr. Garden says. “It tends to cause a background redness of the cheeks, nose, chin, and lower forehead, as well as acne-like bumps in some patients.”

How to treat and prevent rosacea

Unfortunately, no one knows what causes rosacea, and there’s no total cure for it yet. However, there are ways to decrease the inflammation that causes the redness and bumps. “People with rosacea tend to have more sensitive skin in those parts of the face affected, so swapping out harsh soaps for gentle cleansers and light moisturizers is helpful,” says Dr. Garden. “Sun protection is also paramount in rosacea as the UV radiation from the sun makes the inflammation worse.”

But everyone has their own set of triggers, which may include things like alcohol, exercise, and specific skin-care or makeup ingredients. So it’s important to manage your exposure to those triggers as much as possible.

There are some other treatment options, such as topical azelaic acid, topical prescriptions, and oral antibiotics, which your dermatologist may steer you towards. Because there are many skin conditions that can mimic rosacea, such as acne, eczema, and lupus, it’s important to consult with a board-certified dermatologist who can identify your bumps before self-treating at home.

11. Bumps due to ingrown hairs

Most of us have experienced ingrown hair on our bodies or faces at some point as a result of hair removal. Normally, when hair regrows, it grows up and above the skin. But if it starts to curl instead, it may get trapped and form a small, raised, reddened bump that may or may not be filled with pus. Those with thick, curly hair tend to develop ingrown hairs more often than people with fine, thin hair, but no one is completely immune.

How to treat and prevent bumps related to ingrown hair

The best way to prevent ingrown hair is by not waxing, shaving, or plucking, but that’s not always a practical option for some people who are committed to hair removal, explains Dr. Garden. Other ways to limit ingrown hairs are to always wash the skin with a mild soap and rub a lubricating shaving cream gel on the skin before shaving.

Lumps | Breasts, Neck, Throat, Groin | Symptoms & Treatment

What are the common causes of a lump?

The possible causes of a lump depend on which part of the body the lump appears. Some types of lump can occur in many different parts of your body. Other types of lump are specific to one part of your body.

An injury to any part of your body can cause swelling or a lump. If the swelling or lump is very painful, you should see your doctor (or go to the local hospital accident and emergency) if you think the injury may have caused a broken bone.

Other common examples of lumps that can occur in different parts of your body include the following. See the links for more information on each type of lump:

  • Epidermoid and pilar cysts (sebaceous cysts). These look like small smooth lumps under the surface of your skin. They are generally non-cancerous (benign) and usually cause no harm or problems. See the separate leaflet called Epidermoid and Pilar Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts).
  • Lipoma. A lipoma is a benign fatty lump that usually causes no symptoms or problems. Lipomas often occur on the shoulder, back, chest or arm. Most lipomas are small and are best left alone. Larger lipomas can be removed by a simple operation done under local anaesthetic. See the separate leaflet called Lipoma.
  • Swollen lymph glands. Swollen lymph glands are most often felt in your neck, under your armpit or in your groin. Most swollen lymph glands are caused by infection. Swollen lymph glands may occasionally be caused by more serious conditions such as cancer. See the separate leaflet called Swollen Lymph Glands.
  • Skin abscess. An abscess is a collection of pus. Most abscesses form just under the skin. A boil is the most common example. In this case, a hair root becomes infected and develops into a small abscess. The symptoms of a skin abscess include swelling, redness, pain and warmth over the affected area. See the separate leaflet called Abscess.

Skin cancer usually causes a change in the appearance of your skin. Skin cancer does not usually cause a lump. See the separate leaflet called Skin Cancer Types.

What are the other possible causes of a lump?

Some types of lumps are specific to one part of your body. There are many different causes of lumps but common examples include the following:

Lump on the face

The possible causes of a lump in the face include:

  • Swelling on the eyelid, such as a stye or chalazion. See the separate leaflets called Stye and Chalazion.
  • Swelling of a salivary gland, which may be caused by many conditions, including a salivary gland stone or infection with mumps. See the separate leaflets called Salivary Gland Stones (Salivary Calculi) and Mumps.

Lump in the neck or throat

The most common causes of lumps in the neck include swollen lymph glands or an enlarged thyroid gland. An enlarged thyroid gland may be an enlargement of the whole thyroid gland (goitre) or a may be a lump in one part of the thyroid gland.

See the separate leaflets called Swollen Lymph Glands and Goitre (Thyroid Swelling).

Lump in the breast

Breast lumps are common and most breast lumps are not caused by breast cancer. However, any unusual changes in your breasts, including the appearance of a lump, should always be checked by a doctor as soon as possible.

This applies to men as well as women. Men can also develop a lump in the breast and can also have breast cancer (although this is rare compared with women).

See the separate leaflet called Breast Lumps. 

Lump in the groin

The most common causes of a lump in the groin include a hernia or an enlarged lymph gland.

See the separate leaflet called Hernia.

Lump in the scrotum

Most lumps in the scrotum are harmless and are not cancer. However, any man who has a lump in the scrotum should be checked by a doctor as soon as possible.

See the separate leaflet called Scrotal Lumps, Pain and Swelling.

Lump around the back passage (anus)

The causes of a lump near to your back passage include:

Lump on the hand, wrist, finger or top of the foot

A lump on the hand, wrist, finger or the top of your foot may be a ganglion. This is a type of cyst that forms around the joints or tendons.

See the separate leaflet called Ganglion.

Cancerous lumps

These days most people are quite aware of cancer. People often worry that any lump they find might be a cancerous one. Whilst most lumps are not cancer, there are certain features that make the possibility more likely.

These include the lump:

  • Being very hard when you feel it.
  • Having an irregular outline.
  • Seeming fixed to the skin (or other structures) around it.

Many lumps are painful, but pain isn’t usually a feature of cancer lumps. Other causes of a lump, such as an infected cyst or a lymph gland, are more likely. It is still sensible to have the lump checked, as you may need other treatment.

When should you see a doctor about a lump?

Most lumps are harmless and do not need any treatment. However, it is very important to see your GP if:

  • The lump feels hard or firm.
  • The lump is painful.
  • The lump is getting bigger.
  • The lump doesn’t completely disappear within two weeks.
  • You feel generally unwell with a high temperature (fever) or flu-like symptoms.
  • You have recently lost weight without trying to diet.
  • You have any other unexplained symptoms.
  • The lump returns after it has been removed.

Skin Bumps That Look Like Pimples but Aren’t

Milia can look like whiteheads.

They’re not quite the same.

Shutterstock

One type of skin lesion that can mimic a pimple is a milia. These pale, raised dots frequently appear around the eyes, but milia can also show up on other areas of the skin.

“Milia can look like whiteheads, but they are actually tiny keratin cysts that form in a pore. Since milia are encased under skin, they can sit there for months bothering you unless they are extracted,” board-certified dermatologist Dr. Heather Downes told Insider.

Milia are harmless, but many people want to be rid of them for cosmetic reasons. Dermatologists typically puncture the skin with a sterile instrument and then use a tool called a comedone extractor to squeeze them out of the skin.

According to Healthline, chemical peels and topical retinoids may also be helpful in clearing away milia.

Rosacea can cause red patches and bumps on the skin.

This means the skin is very sensitive.

Lipowski Milan/Shutterstock

Another condition that is frequently confused with acne is rosacea. This chronic skin condition often leads to facial redness, visible blood vessels, and bumps.  

“Patients with rosacea have very sensitive skin. Their skin gets easily irritated by sunlight, cold wind, and irritating skin products. As a result, their skin can turn red and form small. temporary pink bumps and pustules that look like acne, but are actually bumps of inflammation,” explained Dr. Downes.

These bumps usually occur on the forehead, nose, cheeks, or chin and can last days.

Dr. Downes advised that scrubbing or using acne medications on rosacea can inflame the skin more. It’s best to see a dermatologist to treat rosacea, as there are topical medications that can keep it under control. People with rosacea should also be careful about protecting their skin from the sun.

It’s easy to mistake folliculitis for body acne.

Showering after you exercise can help.

Shutterstock

If you think you have body acne, you may want to make sure it’s not actually folliculitis. This is a condition in which normal hair follicles become inflamed or infected, resulting in small red bumps. It most commonly occurs on the chest, back, arms, and legs.

“The bumps look like acne, but if you look closely, you will see the pattern follows hair your follicles. This condition is usually caused by bacteria but can sometimes be caused by yeast in the skin,” board-certified dermatologist Dr. Jerome Potozkin told Insider.

Prevention includes showering after exercise or hot tub use to remove sweat and bacteria, as well as using gentle antibacterial soap on affected areas. Treatment options range from topical antibacterial agents and anti-yeast medicines to oral medications.

The AAD advised that if you keep your immune system healthy and stop doing whatever is causing the folliculitis, it will usually go away.

Molluscum contagiosum can cause doughnut-shaped bumps on the skin.

They look just like pimples.

Shutterstock/ Lukassek

Though acne pimples are caused by bacteria on the skin, similar-looking lesions can actually be caused by a viral infection.

“Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin condition that can cause doughnut-shaped pink or skin-colored bumps on the skin. When small, these may be confused with pimples,” Dr. Bard told Insider.

According to the British Association of Dermatologists, molluscum contagiosum is caused by a pox virus and can be spread from person to person through direct contact or sharing personal items like towels or clothes.

The condition is generally harmless and usually clears by itself, though in some people this may take between six and 18 months.

Keratosis pilaris can cause small bumps on the skin.

Keratosis pilaris can be a genetic condition.

Shutterstock

Keratosis pilaris is a very common skin condition that causes small, hard bumps to appear on your skin like a rash. These bumps may make your skin feel like sandpaper.

“Some might mistake keratosis pilaris for acne, but it’s a genetic condition that occurs when the skin doesn’t exfoliate normally and the keratin blocks the pores, causing these tiny bumps,” Dr. Debra Jaliman, dermatologist and assistant professor of dermatology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, told Insider.

The bumps caused by keratosis pilaris are often light-colored and tend to crop up on the arms. Dr. Jaliman advised that the condition can be treated using lotions that contain keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid. Keratolytic agents cause the outer layer of the skin to loosen and shed, helping to exfoliate areas affected by keratosis pilaris.

Your pimples might be an allergic reaction.

Your makeup could be to blame.

Sarah Schmalbruch/INSIDER

Some skin products can clog pores and cause acne, but even many non-comedogenic products may cause rashes and allergic reactions that can look like acne.

“An allergic reaction could cause red bumps that may look similar to pimples. An allergic reaction tends to itch, while acne doesn’t cause itching,” explained Dr. Jaliman.

Dr. Jaliman advised that people with sensitive skin should avoid products with fragrance, as it’s a common source of skin sensitivity and skin allergy.

Preservatives used in makeup can also cause allergic reactions, and some people may experience skin problems as a reaction to certain foods or allergens like pollen.

Chickenpox can cause a rash that looks surprisingly like acne.

Chickenpox causes a blister-like rash on the skin.

Shutterstock

Chickenpox is a common infection that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Symptoms start to develop around 10 to 20 days after exposure to the virus and typically include skin bumps that look very similar to body acne.

“Chickenpox is quite commonly mistaken for acne. That is because it causes an itchy rash along with small blisters that are filled with fluid,” Dr. Hardik Soni, emergency medicine physician and medical director of Ethos Spa, Skin, and Laser Center, told Insider.

If you’re prone to pimples on your body, you may mistake chickenpox for just another breakout. However, the virus will usually eventually cause fever, aches, and pains.

Though the symptoms of chickenpox are usually worse in adults, the condition does normally resolve by itself in about a week without any special treatment. It may be worth visiting your doctor anyway to confirm a diagnosis and get advice for alleviating your symptoms.

Staph infections can mimic acne.

They can be painful.

Shutterstock/Wendy Townrow

Staph infections are caused by staphylococcus bacteria. These germs are usually harmless and normally found on the skin of healthy people, but can cause infection if they find their way into open cuts or scratches.

Dr. Soni told Insider that staph infections often cause pimple-like boils, bumps, and redness that can be easily mistaken for acne. Unlike normal pimples, staph infections can process to pus-filled blisters or large patches of irritated skin.

Though most staph infections are minor and will clear up on their own, some can lead to life-threatening conditions such as septicemia or an infection of the inner lining of the heart. If you suspect you have a staph infection or have a skin lesion that isn’t getting better, head to your doctor for a diagnosis.

Shaving one morning, he felt a small lump under his jaw. It wasn’t just a lump.

By my math, I had shaved my face almost 9,000 times before something about the routine shocked me out of auto­pilot. There, one October morning a year ago, was a lump. Right under my jaw, a surprise rise about the size of a thumb knuckle. I put down the razor and felt my heart start to pound.

Somehow, this was scarier than it should have been. I was only 51, felt great and had just come in from a five-mile run. But there I was, still wrapped in a towel as I dialed my doctor.

It was a phone call that would place me in the grip of a type of cancer rapidly growing within a cohort known more for privilege than for peril: healthy, relatively youthful, white men. Over the next several months, I would briefly face mortality, be torn by conflicting advice from eminent experts and find myself in an experimental treatment plan dismissed as radical by much of medicine.

[Doctors thought he just had jock itch. Then it spread.]

At the start, I just wondered about an infection. I had returned the day before from a reporting trip that included time in three refugee camps. Had I picked up a Syrian flu? Late-onset mumps? But my primary-care doctor seemed to have another worry, and he arranged for me to see an ear, nose and throat specialist the very next day.

Not long after I walked into his office, Arjun Joshi, an associate professor of otolaryngology at the George Washington University School of Medicine, went to the laryngoscope, a camera tube that he fed up my nostril until it emerged in my mouth — a shocking intrusion that would soon become as familiar as brushing my teeth.

A sinus-eye view of the back of my mouth appeared on the monitor behind my chair. Joshi made noncommittal doctor noises, then grew quiet. I saw him look at the two medical students with him and gesture toward the monitor with his jaw. They leaned forward. The tingle of fear grew louder.

“I knew right then it was cancer,” Joshi said months later in an interview for this story. “And I knew what kind.”

What he saw was a small tumor at the deep base of my tongue, which a biopsy and CT scan confirmed within days as a Stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma that had spread to the lymph node in my neck. It was obvious to Joshi because it neatly fit the pattern of the fastest-growing cancer in men, one not caused by smoking or heavy drinking but by the human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Between 2012 and 2015, its incidence in men jumped by 60 percent, with more than 12,600 American men diagnosed each year, a number that continues to grow.

[The startling rise in oral cancer in men, and what it says about our changing sexual habits]

White, male epidemic

Nearly all sexually active people will contract HPV in their lifetimes, and typically it is entirely harmless. But its effects can lie dormant for decades, and it has long been known to cause cervical cancer in women. In recent years, it has been driving an epidemic of head and neck cancers in middle-class, nonsmoking white males between 45 and 55.

Researchers aren’t sure why it has emerged as it had, but increasing numbers of sexual partners, differences in how the virus affects males and females, changing sexual practices and other factors play a role. The CDC recommends that all boys and girls get vaccinated against HPV by age 11 or 12, before they are sexually active, a step that could significantly reduce HPV-related disease in future generations.

If there was any good news on the day I was told I had cancer, it was this: HPV oral cancers are extremely responsive to treatment. Using traditional techniques, the cure rate is above 90 percent.

“You’re going to be fine,” Joshi said. As the black tide of dread rose around me, I grabbed that phrase like a lifeline from a helicopter. “I’m going to be fine” was embedded in every sentence I ever spoke about cancer to my wife, Ann, our three children, my friends and my colleagues. And I believed it.

Most of the time. This disease’s treatability actually led to the scariest thing I faced as a cancer patient: choice.

As researchers learn just how treatable HPV oral cancers are, they have begun to address the question of overtreatment. Chemotherapy and radiation definitely kill this cancer, but they also expose patients to gnarly — even deadly — side effects. Radiation particularly can damage salivary glands (leading to chronic dry mouth), contribute to future bone damage and, in the worst cases, destroy the ability to swallow and leave the patient dependent on a feeding tube.

[Mythology of ‘Patient Zero’ and how AIDS virus actually traveled to the United States is all wrong]

Agonizing options

Radiologists are quick to point out advances that have greatly reduced those bad outcomes. But even many of those enthusiasts are working to find the lowest exposures that will still zap the fatal disease.

It turns out that cutting back on treatment doesn’t come easily in medicine. “When you’re looking down the barrel of this gun and the probability is you’re going to die, we all say, ‘More must be better,’ ” said Maura Gillison of the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and one of the leading researchers in HPV oral cancer. “Backing the therapy down is far more complex.”

For the patient, having options can be agonizing.

The first alternative I learned of was right there at GWU, which has been working on a way to skip radiation altogether. More than a decade ago, even before ­HPV-related oral cancers were well understood, doctors there noticed how some oral tumors in nonsmokers shrank dramatically under “induction chemotherapy” — that is, chemo given before other procedures are performed instead of in conjunction with radiation.

Over the years, they’ve developed a technique for cases like mine, small HPV-positive tumors that have spread no farther than a lymph node or two. They recommended three courses of chemotherapy, followed by robotic surgery on the tumor and the removal of vulnerable lymph nodes from both sides of the neck, and no radiation. If the lab tests on the removed tissue came back cancer-negative, I would be done except for regular exams and scans.

“I’ll watch you like a hawk for five years,” Joshi said.

Sounded good to me. But I soon learned that GWU’s approach is a true outlier. I asked doctor friends to put me in touch with experts across the country, and I heard a lot of skepticism. Most had never heard of such an approach.

Clearly, skipping radiation made a lot of medicos uneasy.

“It’s still cancer,” said a doctor at Johns Hopkins, where I went for a second opinion. The first advice from Hopkins’s experts was that my tumor wasn’t a good candidate for surgery. Given its location and depth, surgery would put me at risk of losing my ability to swallow. Far better, they said, to go with a tried-and-true six-week regimen of radiation and chemo combined. They pointed to decades of data and thousands of successful cases. GWU, I knew, had only a few dozen, although their success rate was equally high.

The black tide came rushing in. The team at GWU pushed back, insisting that radiation, rather than surgery, was more likely to harm my swallowing. What felt like a choice between death or deformity was being left to a journalist who never got beyond college botany. I changed my mind every 30 minutes. I barely ate. I didn’t sleep.

A reprieve came two days later in a follow-up call from Hopkins. A tumor panel had reviewed my case and decided I was a good candidate for surgery after all. In fact, Hopkins offered me a place in a study of surgical removal of the tumor and lymph nodes, followed by a reduced dose of radiation only if the pathology report showed that some cancer might remain.

Phew! But I passed on that study when I learned that almost two-thirds of its patients needed radiation anyway. By now, I was eager to avoid that if I could do so without risking my life. Still, it was a huge relief to feel that my other option was not completely reckless.

I went with GWU.

[How to significantly reduce your cancer risk ]

A strange beauty salon

In early December, I had a five-hour session in the “chemo room,” a sort of strange beauty salon of large vinyl chairs and IV stands. I watched the first few episodes of “Breaking Bad” (poor choice) as the cisplatin and doce­taxel dripped into my chest, along with a cocktail of ­anti-nausea drugs, steroids and a shot to boost my white blood cell count.

Chemo was a weird flu. For three days, I was tired but not devastated, queasy but not vomiting. By Day 4, I was back at work, my hair growing thinner, my focus a little fuzzy. I did three of those cycles — every two weeks, one on Christmas Eve — and by the final one was as weak as I’ve ever felt. But the swollen lymph node had disappeared. And Joshi’s nostrilcam showed that the tumor had withered completely. He called it a “complete response.”

Surgery came in February. I woke up with Ann holding my hand. Almost right away, I pointed to the water cup, not thirsty but desperate to know if I could swallow. I couldn’t. Someone had lodged a sock in my throat. But the surgical resident nodded. He had seen something good in the attempt. A few hours later, through a searing ache, a molecule or two went down the right pipe. He added a smile to the nod.

I was in four nights, hated them all. But slowly my croaking Truman Capote voice gave way to a Billie Holiday growl. I could get a quarter-cup of broth down with a half-hour of effort. The nurses finally stopped pouring liquid nutrients through the tube in my nose.

Four days later, Joshi walked into the exam room and tossed me the pathology reports. “Enjoy that,” he said. The margins around the tumor were completely clear. Every lymph node was clean, including the one that had blown up. I was cancer-free.

Nine months on, I’m wallowing in normal. I eat lustily, swallow everything and talk in my old voice. Scars have faded, and hair, such as it is, is back. I live in gratitude, for my heroic and loving wife, my brave children, our good insurance and a community of family and friends who wrapped us in love and lasagna. I will never forget the bosses who told me repeatedly that their only concern was my good health.

It was a year ago that I told some of my best friends and running buddies that I had cancer. We had just finished the annual 10K race across the Chesapeake Bay Bridge.

Just recently, we ran that race again. My scare never even came up.

Read more:

Teen boys’ HPV-vaccination rate hits almost 50 percent, CDC says

Here’s why more sex, even on ‘off’ days, may up your chances of pregnancy

The bones in the Smithsonian’s ‘whale warehouse’ are relics of a lost world

For half her life, doctors told her to lose weight. But something else was going on.

Signs and Symptoms of Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma can start in different places in the body. Neuroblastoma cells can also sometimes release chemicals called hormones, which can affect other parts of the body. Because of this, neuroblastoma can cause many different signs and symptoms. Some of the more common symptoms can include:

  • Lump or swelling in the child’s belly that doesn’t seem to hurt
  • Swelling in the legs or in the upper chest, neck, and face
  • Problems with breathing or swallowing
  • Weight loss
  • Not eating or complaining about feeling full
  • Problems with bowel movements or urinating
  • Pain in bones
  • Lumps or bumps under the skin, which may appear blue
  • Drooping eyelid and small pupil (the black area in the center of the eye) in one eye
  • Problems being able to feel or move parts of the body
  • Eyes that appear to bulge and/or bruising around the eyes

Signs and symptoms might be different depending on where the tumor is, how large it is, how far it has spread, and if the tumor makes hormones.

Many of these signs and symptoms are more likely to be caused by something other than neuroblastoma. Still, if your child has any of these symptoms, check with your doctor so the cause can be found and treated, if needed.

Signs or symptoms caused by the main tumor

Tumors in the abdomen (belly) or pelvis: One of the most common signs of a neuroblastoma is a large lump or swelling in the child’s abdomen. The child might not want to eat (which can lead to weight loss). If the child is old enough, he or she may complain of feeling full or having belly pain. But the lump itself is usually not painful to the touch.

Sometimes, a tumor in the abdomen or pelvis can affect other parts of the body. For example, tumors that press against or grow into the blood and lymph vessels in the abdomen or pelvis can stop fluids from getting back to the heart. This can sometimes lead to swelling in the legs and, in boys, the scrotum.

In some cases, the pressure from a growing tumor can affect the child’s bladder or bowel, which can cause problems urinating or having bowel movements.

Tumors in the chest or neck: Tumors in the neck can often be seen or felt as a hard, painless lump.

If the tumor is in the chest, it might press on the superior vena cava (the large vein in the chest that returns blood from the head and neck to the heart). This can cause swelling in the face, neck, arms, and upper chest (sometimes with a bluish-red skin color). It can also cause headaches, dizziness, and a change in consciousness if it affects the brain.

Tumors in the chest or neck might also press on the throat or windpipe, which can cause coughing and trouble breathing or swallowing.

Neuroblastomas that press on certain nerves in the chest or neck can sometimes cause other symptoms, such as a drooping eyelid and a small pupil (the black area in the center of the eye), part of a condition known as Horner syndrome.

Pressure on other nerves near the spine might affect the child’s ability to feel or move their arms or legs.

Signs or symptoms caused by cancer spread to other parts of the body

Many neuroblastomas have already spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body by the time they are found.

Spread to the lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are bean-sized collections of immune cells found throughout the body. Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes can cause them to swell. These nodes can sometimes be felt as lumps under the skin, especially in the neck, above the collarbone, under the arm, or in the groin. Enlarged lymph nodes in children are much more likely to be a sign of infection than cancer, but they should be checked by a doctor.

Spread to bones: Neuroblastoma often spreads to bones. A child who can talk may complain of bone pain. The pain may be so bad that the child limps or refuses to walk. If it spreads to the bones in the spine, tumors can press on the spinal cord and cause weakness, numbness, or paralysis in the arms or legs.

Spread to the bones around the eyes is common and can lead to bruising around the eyes or cause an eyeball to stick out slightly. The cancer might also spread to other bones in the skull, causing bumps under the scalp.

Spread to bone marrow: If the cancer spreads to the bone marrow (the inner part of certain bones, where new blood cells are made), the child may not have enough red blood cells, white blood cells, or blood platelets. These shortages of blood cells can result in tiredness, irritability, weakness, frequent infections, and excess bruising or bleeding from small cuts or scrapes.

Bleeding problems: Rarely, large tumors can start to break down, leading to a loss of clotting factors in the blood. This can result in a high risk of serious bleeding, which is known as a consumption coagulopathy and can be life threatening.

Stage 4S (MS) neuroblastoma: A special widespread form of neuroblastoma (known as stage 4S or stage MS) sometimes occurs, usually during the first few months of life. In this special form, the neuroblastoma has spread to the liver, to the skin, and/or to the bone marrow (in small amounts). Blue or purple bumps that look like small blueberries may be a sign of spread to the skin. The liver can become very large and can be felt as a mass on the right side of the belly. Sometimes it can grow large enough to push up on the lungs, which can make it hard for the child to breathe. While stage 4S neuroblastoma is already widespread when it is found, it is very treatable, and it often shrinks or goes away on its own. Almost all children with this form of neuroblastoma can be cured.

Signs or symptoms caused by hormones from the tumor

Neuroblastoma cells sometimes release hormones that can cause problems with tissues and organs in other parts of the body, even though the cancer has not spread to those tissues or organs. These problems are called paraneoplastic syndromes.

Signs and symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes can include:

  • Constant watery diarrhea
  • Fever
  • High blood pressure (causing irritability)
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Reddening (flushing) of the skin
  • Sweating

An uncommon set of symptoms is called the opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome or opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (OMA). This is thought to result from the body’s immune system attacking the normal nerve tissue. A child with this syndrome typically has irregular, rapid eye movements (opsoclonus) and twitch-like muscle spasms (myoclonus), and appears uncoordinated when standing or walking (ataxia). He or she might also have trouble speaking. Children who have this syndrome tend to have a better outlook when it comes to the neuroblastoma itself, although some children might have long-term nervous system problems, even after the neuroblastoma has been treated. (For more on this, see Late and Long-Term Effects of Neuroblastoma and Its Treatment.)

Glomus Tumor of the Cheek: A Case Report

Glomus tumors are benign, subcutaneous neoplasms of the perivasculature. Though facial location is rare, the diagnosis of a glomus tumor should be considered in cases of undiagnosed painful facial nodules or chronic facial pain. Imaging aids in defining the tumor and planning a complete excision in order to avoid recurrence. Histological examination is mandatory after every attempted excision. A case of glomus tumor of the cheek along with the possible pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment and a brief review of the limited associated literature are presented.

1. Introduction

Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms of the perivasculature accounting for 1-2% of soft tissue tumors [1]. They usually present as painful subcutaneous nodules commonly described in the subungual area of the digits. Though various other locations have been described, glomus tumors of the cheek are rare. In a reported study of 56 extradigital glomus tumors seen in Mayo Clinic over a period of twenty years (1985–2005), the authors found a single case occurring in the cheek [2]. Apart from the classic triad of symptoms described for glomus tumors, pain, localised tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity, the rare occurrence of glomus tumor in the cheek can be the cause of undiagnosed chronic facial pain. We present a case of a glomus tumor of the cheek mentioning the issues we encountered and briefly review the limited available literature for this rare entity.

2. Case Report

A 24-year-old man presented at our clinic with a four-year history of a painful nodule in his left cheek that reoccurred after two attempted excisions in the last four months by different specialists. No biopsy result or other histological information was available. Otherwise healthy, the patient complained of pain and local tenderness. Clinical examination revealed a well-defined, round, firm nodule in the middle of the left cheek, approximately  cm in size that appeared to be subdermic with no apparent fixation to the underlying tissues. The overlying skin was normal and the nodule was extremely painful on palpation. Examination of the oral cavity was normal and no neck lymph nodes could be palpated. Complete head and neck examination and laboratory tests were also unremarkable. Contrast enhanced CT (puffed cheek method) revealed a well-defined, contrast-enhanced, round soft-tissue mass of the left cheek over the buccinator muscle measuring  mm, with no apparent relations to the surrounding tissues (Figure 1). Attached to it a very small satellite lesion was noted. In the operating room under local anesthesia, a relatively wide excision in order to remove both the masses was performed. Though we were not able to demarcate the main and satellite nodules macroscopically, no evidence of residual disease was apparent. Special care was taken regarding the protection of facial nerve branches and the cosmetic result. Histological examination of the specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of glomus tumor of the solid type, with no mention of potential residual disease (Figure 2). The patient reported relief of his symptoms after surgery, but at 2-month followup he complained of gradual recurrence of local tenderness at the site of the excision. Three months later, the patient had a small palpable nodule and complete recurrence of his symptoms. Under local anesthesia, a very wide excision including the previous scar (with approximately 1 cm margin around the scar) was performed. Histological examination revealed glomus tumor with solid, angiomatoid, and angiomyomatous features (Figure 3). The margins of the excision were reported as free of lesion. The patient remains without any symptoms nine months after surgery.



3. Discussion

Glomus tumors are neoplasms of the glomus body, a neuromyoarterial unit found within the reticular dermis that serves as a specialized arteriovenous anastomosis [3]. The arterial end of the glomus body or Sucquet-Hoyer canal is surrounded by modified smooth muscle cells called glomus cells that act to regulate blood flow to the skin in response to temperature changes [3–5]. The normal glomus body was first described by Hoyer in 1877, whereas Masson [6] in 1924 provided the first clinical description of a glomus tumor. Histologically, depending on the predominant component, there are three variants of glomus tumor, namely: (1) solid, with poor vasculature and scant smooth muscle component; (2) angiomatoid (glomangioma), with a predominant vascular component; (3) glomangiomyoma, with prominent vascular and smooth muscle components [7].

Accounting for 1-2% of soft tissue tumors [1], glomus tumors present mostly as solitary masses with a rarer multiple variant [8, 9]. Malignant transformation is extremely rare. Glomus bodies are most highly concentrated in the digits, palms, and soles of the feet [4], and glomus tumors are most commonly described in the upper extremity and especially in the subungual area of the digits. While extradigital glomus tumors are not a rare subgroup of glomus tumors [2] and various locations have been described, facial location and especially in the cheek is rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature [2, 10–12].

The symptoms and signs of a facial glomus tumor may vary from an asymptomatic (rarely) subcutaneous nodule to excruciating chronic facial pain. The most expected presentation is that of a small, painful, subcutaneous nodule. A long history of consultations by various specialists without a definite diagnosis can be expected. The classic triad of symptoms described for glomus tumors consisting of pain, localised tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity may or may not be present. Overlying skin may or may not be discoloured. Though usually not larger than  cm in size, large facial glomangiomas mimicking venous malformations have been reported [10]. A 4 : 1 male predominance has been reported for extradigital glomus tumors [2].

Magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be the most sensitive imaging modality for the diagnosis of glomus tumors in the extremities [13–15]. Contrast enhanced CT can aid in the differential diagnosis and in delineating the anatomic relations necessary for operative management. Because of their small size and subcutaneous location, glomus tumors are particularly amenable to complete removal thus making surgical excision the treatment of choice. Histological examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, and documentation should be provided to the patient. Though excellent results can be anticipated, recurrence rates vary from 12% to 33% [16–19]. As in our case, it is not clear whether recurrence represents inadequate excision or the presence of multiple tumors not detected at initial assessment of the patient. Recurrence within days to weeks of surgery may suggest inadequate excision [18]; in contrast, symptoms 2 to 3 years postoperatively may indicate multiple tumors [13, 17]. On account of the limited associated literature, further data regarding specifically facial glomus tumors are needed.

Copyright

Copyright © 2012 Konstantinos Veros et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

90,000 possible diseases, their causes and methods of treatment

This information is for reference only. Do not self-diagnose and self-medicate. See a doctor .

The cheek has its own biological characteristics. The appearance of a bump can have a variety of reasons, from the most harmless to the most serious.

The types of seals, their causes of appearance and methods of treatment are discussed in this article.

Why do cheek seals appear

The mucous membrane on the inside of the cheek, as well as the skin on the outside, is very susceptible to various influences.

Among the reasons for the appearance of bumps, mechanical factors are in the first place: accidental blows, injuries when using various objects, even an incorrect bite can injure the cheek. The body reacts to the injury with a protective and normal reaction in the form of a seal at the site of injury.

In addition, damage to the mucous membrane can occur due to thermal or chemical burns. For example, the habit of consuming very hot food and drinks (the same hot tea) can provoke mucosal injury.Tobacco smoke is a chemical injury hazard.

In young children, lumps on the skin can be the consequences of hypothermia during long walks in winter.

Microorganisms (bacteria, bends and viruses), penetrating the skin or mouth, also cause seals.

As can be seen from practice, there are several obvious reasons for the formation of bumps on the cheeks.

Causes of lumps on the outside

Lipoma

There are cones, popularly called wen.This formation is elastic, dense to the touch, does not cause painful sensations, does not affect the color of the skin, and is a benign tumor. Both men and women are susceptible to damage by lipoma to the same extent. Wen are formed from adipose tissue, covered with a kind of capsule and are preserved from the influence of antibodies under it. This protection encourages the growth of the bud.

Self-medication is excluded! It is believed that the neoplasm should be removed along with the capsule. Only a specialist can determine the degree of danger.Considering all these circumstances, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor if new formations are found on the body. In modern medicine, a rational way of getting rid of is both a surgical method and radio wave therapy, laser treatment, as well as a puncture-aspiration method.

Surgery refers to the removal of the tumor. The doctor assesses the situation: if the neoplasm has reached a large size, an appropriate decision is made. Taking into account the patient’s condition, anesthesia is prescribed.In many cases, removal is done on an outpatient basis.

Atheroma

There is a seal as a result of blockage of the sebaceous glands. A round, colorless bump up to 10 cm in diameter appears under the skin. On palpation, the mobility of the formation is felt, there is no pain. But there is one important aspect – the aesthetic one.

As any tumor requires research. In a neglected state, pain appears, purulent accumulations are found, the seal becomes inflamed, this whole process can be accompanied by an increase in body temperature.It is not recommended to postpone treatment. In this case, surgical intervention is necessary. The bump is cut off along with the capsule to avoid recurrence.

It is impossible to pierce atheromas on your own, so as not to provoke suppuration. Mostly, cut-off is performed without hospitalization in an outpatient clinic. As a consequence, scars may appear at the site of the operation.

Abscess

On the outside of the cheek, purulent inflammation of the tissues sometimes appears. This phenomenon is called an abscess.The causative agent is pyogenic microflora in the form of staphylococci and streptococci. In this case, a cavity is formed, which is filled with pus.

Treatment consists in the complete elimination of the pathological focus. The abscess must be carefully opened in such a way as to ensure the outflow of fluid with pus. For this purpose, drainage is done. Treatment methods are selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the course of the disease. With any method, the specialist proceeds from the fact that not to disfigure the face. Physiotherapy may be recommended.

Hemangioma

Hemangioma belongs to the category of infrequent and non-dangerous neoplasms. This lump is very uncomfortable. A seal appears mainly on the head, including on the cheeks. The causes of the occurrence are not fully understood. In children, this is due to the proliferation of the vascular system during intrauterine development. In adults, this is hereditary and congenital.

There are cases associated with diseases of internal organs that cause disorders of the vascular system.Irradiation with ultraviolet light may be the cause.

First, a red or cyanotic spot appears with a network of thin vessels inside on the skin of the cheek.

Disease is subdivided by type:

  • a tumor on the surface of the skin, which is a numerous accumulation of capillaries, is called capillary or simple;
  • variety is a cavernous hemangioma – a collection of subcutaneous vessels;
  • there are cases of a combined disease combining subcutaneous and supracutaneous elements;
  • mixed type is characterized by dissimilar fabrics.

Facial neoplasms must be removed. Main therapies in adults:

  1. Sclerotherapy is prescribed for cavernous tumors. The bottom line is the introduction of a special solution into the area of ​​painful formation;
  2. Cryodestruction (freezing with liquid nitrogen) is used to get rid of capillary pathologies;
  3. Diathermocoagulation is the use of an electric current to cauterize small tumors with an electrode;
  4. Low-voltage X-ray therapy is used to remove large hemagiomas;
  5. Hyperthermia by an electromagnetic field helps to change the structure of the lump and prevent the synthesis of new tissues.

Internal neoplasms

Bite Injury

Sometimes people spontaneously inflict minor injuries on themselves. While eating, for example, you can bite your cheek. This also happens with strong excitement or even in a dream. For this reason, the inner side swells, bite marks become visible. You should pay attention to the white line formed on the mucous membrane by the junction of the upper and lower teeth, it does not need treatment – this is normal.

Symptoms of cheek biting are white wounds and lesions in the form of leukoplakia, aphthous stomatitis, bleeding, scarring, edema, redness, burning sensation in the place where the teeth meet.By themselves, biting does not pose a danger to life, but it contributes to the introduction of infection at the site of the bite, the appearance of a tumor and painful sores.

Whatever the cause of such a manifestation, it is unlikely that anyone will have a desire to suffer from painful bumps and ulcers. The best way to deal with this trouble is to identify and eliminate its causes. The main motivating factor for cheek biting is stress and anxiety, boredom.

Crooked teeth also cause injury, so surgery is recommended as a corrective method.

Known treatment methods:

  • the ability to relax leads away from a bad habit;
  • methods, including elements of deep breathing, meditation, qigong techniques, pranayama, self-hypnosis and other technologies also help;
  • special dental devices for temporary use help from discomfort, but permanent dentures can also be used;
  • anti-inflammatories, ointments and oils, healing wounds, mouthwash with hydrogen peroxide, tea tree oil;
  • for deep lesions, appropriate medications are applied to the mucous membrane.

If biting is repeated frequently, see a doctor.

Cyst

The oral cavity is under the constant influence of microorganisms. The mucous membrane and glands are a favorable environment for bacteria and infections that freely enter the cavity. Blockage of the passages of the salivary glands, which has arisen for any reason, gives rise to a benign formation in the form of a soft ball – a cyst.

This lump has a transparent bluish membrane, inside of which fluid gradually accumulates, changing the shape of the neoplasm to an elongated one.The result is a fluid-filled capsule that interferes with speech and makes chewing more difficult. Therefore, at the first sign, you need to see a doctor.

There are many reasons for the development of a cyst, among them are:

  • wounds of the cheek tissues;
  • duct burns;
  • diseases of the salivary glands;
  • the appearance of scars on the inner side of the cheek;
  • inflammatory processes in the oral cavity;
  • violation of hygiene standards, the consequences of which are plaque and tartar;
  • launched process of bone decay;
  • poor quality dental services;
  • periodontal disease.

Experts recommend not to delay the visit to a doctor, because cysts can develop rapidly.

Cystic formation is removed only mechanically. The operation is performed with anesthesia, the postoperative recovery period is short.

At home, rinse your mouth twice a day. Herbal decoctions (from chamomile, calendula, sage) are suitable for rinsing, you can use a saline solution. It is recommended to eat food not hot or cold – warm.If bleeding, abscesses and abscesses appear during the rehabilitation period, you should consult a doctor again.

Herpes

When infected with herpes, bubbles may form on the inside of the cheek, the appearance of which is accompanied by itching and pain in the affected areas. This virus does not pose a serious health hazard.

There are many known causes of the disease:

  • consequences of surgical intervention;
  • stressful conditions;
  • colds;
  • reaction to sunlight, cold, windy weather;
  • menstrual cycle;
  • weakening, vulnerability of immunity;
  • lack of vitamins;
  • physical plane overloads;
  • oncology;
  • pregnancy;
  • HIV infection;
  • antibiotic treatment;
  • chemotherapy procedures;
  • increase in body temperature;
  • sleep deprivation.

In the mouth, the virus infects mucous tissues. Treatment of herpes in the mouth of an adult does not depend on the causes of its occurrence, it is carried out in a comprehensive manner:

  • medicines;
  • diet food;
  • vitamins;
  • 90,063 folk remedies;

  • stimulation of the immune system;
  • bed rest is applied as needed.

Herpes in the mouth can be treated with hydrogen peroxide, salt water and furacilin.For prevention, you should rinse your mouth regularly after eating. Antiviral drugs, their dosages are prescribed by the doctor in each case individually, taking into account the complexity of the disease.

Candidiasis

This infectious disease has the popular name “thrush”. It is caused by the reproduction of special unicellular yeast-like fungi such as Candida. Getting on different objects, including dishes, they safely pass to healthy people from sick people. Weakened immunity cannot cope with fungi, which quickly penetrate into mucous tissues and begin destructive activity.

Children often suffer from thrush. About half of healthy people have these microorganisms in the microflora of the mouth, without causing much concern. The first symptoms of the disease are burning painful sensations, dry mouth.

Often, candidiasis accompanies diabetes, digestive diseases, lack of vitamins, iron, accompanied by hair loss. The reason for the development of candidiasis in the mouth is often hidden behind dental problems – trauma from a dental filling or prosthesis, violation of hygiene standards.

Treatment mainly boils down to getting rid of caries and adjusting dentures.

Treatment of children consists in lubricating the oral mucosa after feeding and several times during the day with a solution of nystatin, dissolved baking soda or a weak solution of pink potassium permanganate. Children over three years old are prescribed a saline rinse, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. The doctor may also prescribe pills according to the age of the babies.

Salivary gland cancer

There is oncology of the salivary glands, as well as the tongue and cheeks.With age, the manifestation of the disease becomes more frequent.

Cancer tumors are characterized by a dense consistency, painful, capable of invading tissue and spreading metastases to various organs. A growing tumor can form fistulas with the release of a thick purulent mass.

Over time, the growth of malignant tumors is noted. Experts tend to think that ionizing radiation in the form of special waves (alpha, beta, gamma radiation) predisposes to the development of tumors.These guesses are supported by research in Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the explosion of the atomic bomb. This is evidenced by statistical data on the study of patients who have undergone a cycle of radiotherapy.

It is difficult to predict, it all depends on the stage of the oncological process, the type of neoplasm and its location.

What can cause seals on the cheeks of a child

A lot of trouble causes any redness or induration on the baby’s cheeks for parents. The reasons for the appearance of bumps can be different, and, accordingly, the methods of getting rid of them also vary:

  1. The most common injuries to the face are caused by falls or taking part in active games.
  2. In case of mild frostbite while walking, seals may appear on the skin, which are removed by rubbing in a fat cream.
  3. Candidiasis, cysts and biting trauma can occur in a child, in some cases, even a very small child.

Nothing can be done without a medical examination. The local pediatrician will be able to determine which specialist to show the baby to.

Only a doctor can diagnose and give prescriptions for a speedy recovery.

Prevention

There are time-tested rules for oral care. They are simple and effortless. You need to seriously tune in to a certain regimen, not to be lazy to fulfill the requirements of hygiene:

  1. Brush your teeth in the morning and in the evening, as during the day a lot of bacteria accumulate in the mouth that secrete waste, it is necessary to get rid of them before going to bed;
  2. The cleaning process should take about three minutes;
  3. You need to renew your toothbrush every three months;
  4. Cleaning paste – an individual product, selected in accordance with the condition of the teeth and gums, diseases of the oral cavity;
  5. Taking care of your gums, cheeks and tongue is as essential as brushing your teeth;
  6. Floss and mouthwash should be used;
  7. Visit the dentist regularly (every six months).

By following these simple rules, many dental problems can be prevented. And by paying attention to the little things (even a small bump on the cheek), you can timely identify a serious disease, such as cancer. At the slightest suspicion, specialist advice is required.

90,000 how to get rid of, how to treat, reasons

If for some reason a lump appears on your face, you need to consult a dermatologist. It indicates the presence of diseases or indicates improper skin care.Often such formations are safe, but they cause discomfort due to external unattractiveness. If the nodules begin to grow, itch, blush and ache, measures should be taken to eliminate the disease. There are different types of formations on the face, which have an individual external manifestation, the nature of their occurrence and the consequences. You need to be careful about changes in the skin, any treatment should be carried out only after consulting a doctor.

Lumps on the face can appear for a number of reasons and disappear over time, but their presence brings discomfort to a person.

Types of cones

Cones on the face under the skin are benign formations that do not cause general harm to the body, but constitute an unpleasant cosmetic defect. They can be of different sizes, both small and reach 10 cm. There are the following types:

  1. Lipoma. The reasons for the appearance are blockage of the sebaceous glands, based on fat cells. They are harmless, in the form of a ball with a regular contour and clear boundaries, they are mobile on palpation. Such bumps do not change the color and structure of the skin.Growing in diameter, they harm nearby tissues and organs.
  2. Abscess. A dense lump under the skin of the face. Often filled with pus inside, causing pain. It is accompanied by tissue inflammation, the root cause of the appearance is infection. The skin around her is red. This subcutaneous lump causes physical discomfort. It needs to be treated. You can get rid of it only by suppressing the infection, which will stop purulent discharge, high fever and subsequent relapses.
  3. Intradermal cyst.Subcutaneous formations of a dense structure and of any size. With inflammation, the content is released. Treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor. The use of antibiotics is possible.
  4. Hemangioma. Does not cause a sensation of pain, to the touch it has either a soft or dense structure. These bumps are often red.
  5. Rheumatoid nodes. The root cause of the appearance is inflammation of the lymph nodes. They have no symptoms of manifestation. They cause pain. If the treatment is not applied on time, it deforms the joints.
  6. Cancer cones. Characterizes the presence of oncology. Symptoms depend on the body’s immune system. In the initial stages, it proceeds imperceptibly. It has different sizes and colors.

Lumps on the face can be both “harmless” and a manifestation of cancer.

When a subcutaneous lump has jumped in an adult or a child, you should immediately seek the advice of a doctor.

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Causes of bumps on the face

Bumps can appear in different quantities – from one to many.They are located in any area of ​​the face: on the temple, on the cheek, on the nose, above the lip, on the forehead, etc. All, without exception, are at risk in the development of diseases, regardless of gender and age. The root causes, according to which such formations appear, can be different:

The causes of the appearance of bumps on the face can be diseases, poor hygiene, the action of harmful external factors.

  • lack of proper facial skin care;
  • changes in hormonal levels;
  • trauma and damage to the skin;
  • improper and unhealthy food;
  • alcohol abuse, smoking;
  • effect of synthetic cosmetics;
  • presence of infection;
  • allergic reaction;
  • problems of the endocrine or nervous system;
  • genealogical factor;
  • hypothermia or overheating.

Initially, such a lump can appear as a subcutaneous pimple and grow into a ball, taking on a dense structure. Only a doctor is able to give a clear picture of the nature of origin during examination. For any manifestations on the skin, it is better to consult a professional (beautician or dermatologist). Self-medication and self-elimination can negatively affect the skin of the face and aggravate the problem. It is necessary to treat the cause of the manifestation of nodules, which will go away on their own after getting rid of the focus of the disease. It is possible to establish them only after a comprehensive analysis.

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How to get rid of with the help of a specialist?

If the formation that has arisen is accompanied by a painful symptom, fever, itching and burning, then initially you can turn to a therapist. After a visual examination, he will refer you to the required doctor. A dermatologist deals with problems of the skin of the face, who diagnoses the disease, takes the necessary tests. The surgeon will remove the lump, respectively, after a preliminary consultation. If the tumor is malignant, then the patient is monitored by an oncologist.A cosmetologist also gives a superficial characterization, but it will be useful to pass clinical tests to formulate an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis of cones on the face consists in the initial examination and delivery of a blood test. An experienced physician will determine the appearance of the lump and the stage of its development by its appearance. A dermatologist will take a swab from your skin to check for the presence of fungus or other harmful microorganisms.For a more detailed diagnosis and if there is a suspicion of pathology or oncology, a blood test is taken. For serious illnesses, a biopsy may be done (which is not recommended to avoid damaging the skin). Analysis for histology is carried out after the surgeon has removed the lump and tissue around it.

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How to treat?

If the lump is not dangerous and does not cause any discomfort, then its treatment is not carried out. Some types of lipomas (wen) are eliminated by themselves.You need to eliminate the cause of the appearance of education under the cover. If the manifestation is associated with an infection, doctors prescribe antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with medicines and vitamins that support the immune system. The bumps are removed with the help of a surgical operation: an incision is made, the contents are cleaned. After such a procedure, a scar may appear. Laser removal, cryodestruction (freezing) and pulling ointments are used. The treatment methods are chosen by the attending physician based on the general picture of the disease.Self-medication is dangerous and not recommended.

Why do black dots appear on the face?

Blackheads on the face look unaesthetic, and without attention to the problem over time, inflammation joins them, which cannot be eliminated without medical help. Modern beauties, wanting to have perfect skin, use various methods. They do not always help, because you need to understand the cause of the appearance of blackheads and find an effective treatment.

What are black dots

Human skin is the largest organ that performs many functions. Among them are the protection of other tissues, respiration, thermoregulation, and the release of metabolic products.

The entire skin of the face is covered with glands. There are two types of sweat glands:

  • eccrine – do not break down during the production of sweat, are evenly distributed throughout the face, except for the lips;
  • apocrine glands – when sweat is released, cells are destroyed, they can be found on the skin of the forehead, eyelids, wings of the nose.

The apocrine glands are destroyed, they are part of the sebum, from where its unpleasant smell comes from. Most often, this type of gland reacts to stress and is not involved in thermoregulation. The ducts of the two types of sweat glands open into hair follicles.

There are a large number of sebaceous glands throughout the body, but most of them are on the face. In the area of ​​the lip contour, on the eyelids, they open freely in the skin. The ducts of the remaining glands exit into the hair follicle. It is their blockage that leads to the appearance of blackheads.

The number of sebaceous glands per 1 cm2 can reach 380 pieces. They produce sebum, or sebum, which is necessary for moisturizing and softening the skin, as well as forming a film that serves as a breeding ground for beneficial microflora.

In children, sweat and sebaceous glands are inactive. In adolescence, under the influence of increased production of testosterone and growth hormone in boys and girls, the work of the sebaceous glands is stimulated, they produce a large amount of sebum.Therefore, in adolescents, the face shines, especially the area of ​​the forehead, nose and chin suffers.

Epithelial cells constantly die and slough off naturally. But some of them are located in the ducts of the glands, from where they cannot always come to the surface. Thick sebum is not removed to the surface of the skin. It mixes with dead epithelium and clogs the ducts. It looks like a black dot on the face.

Due to the fact that the largest number of sebaceous glands and skin pores are located on the nose, forehead and chin, cheeks, lips, the area around the eyes is usually not affected by blackheads.

If at a young age it is possible to get rid of dots on the face, then in adulthood the edges of the skin pores are covered with dense keratinized cells. Therefore, it is no longer possible to remove pathological elements.

Reasons for the appearance of black dots

Blackheads on the face, which are otherwise called comedones, appear in most people, especially during the period of hormonal changes – in adolescence, in women – before menstruation, during pregnancy.With the onset of old age, the production of sebum and sweat decreases, so the rash goes away on its own.

The hormones androgens have the greatest influence on the work of the skin glands. In adolescents, there is a physiological jump in blood concentration, both in boys and girls, even before the onset of the first menstruation. But not all adolescents develop pronounced cosmetic defects. Sometimes there is an increased sensitivity of the sebaceous glands to androgens, then even a normal level of the hormone will lead to skin defects.

Hormonal causes of blackheads in women are associated with gynecological diseases. With polycystic ovary syndrome, the maturation of the follicle in the ovaries is disturbed, so the concentration of androgens in the blood increases. Skin pores secrete a lot of sebum, so the face looks permanently oily.

The appearance of black dots is associated with other factors:

  • Violation of personal hygiene – in case of a tendency to comedones, it is necessary to properly cleanse the face. If dirt and dust particles are not removed at the end of the day, they will clog the pores even more, create conditions for the growth of bacteria and the appearance of inflammation.
  • Improper diet – blackheads occur in people who eat large amounts of fatty, sweet foods and starchy foods.
  • Disruption of the digestive tract – the condition of the skin reflects the health of the intestines and stomach, in chronic pathologies, the production of sebum may change.
  • Unsuitable cosmetics – if the skin looks oily, special non-comedogenic creams must be used for it, which do not clog the pores.

Cosmetics can worsen the condition of the skin with blackheads, increase the number of clogged pores or cause their inflammation.When choosing a cosmetic product, it is necessary to avoid the composition of mineral oils. Lanolin, squalene and red coloring pigments are dangerous for the skin. It is also necessary to read where the cosmetics came from and the expiration date.

Propionic bacteria may be the cause of blackheads. They are conditionally pathogenic microflora of the skin, but they are able to penetrate the ducts of the glands, increase their activity and the volume of sebum secreted. The pores become clogged with secretions, and bacteria stimulate excessive keratinization of the pore edges.Therefore, black comedones are constantly present on the face, and after they are squeezed out, enlarged pores remain.

Comedones on the face are formed with the development of hyperkeratosis. This is a condition that develops under the influence of unfavorable external factors, a lack of vitamin A. Intoxication during work in hazardous production, contact with oil products, industrial dust leads to hyperkeratosis.

Sometimes it is impossible to establish why black dots appear. They can be associated with a hereditary factor.But it is not comedones themselves that are transmitted, but an increased sensitivity to sex hormones or the peculiarities of sebum production.

Cosmetic procedures

To look attractive and restore healthy skin, you need to find the root cause of blackheads. A doctor who deals with skin diseases is called a dermatologist. You may need to visit an endocrinologist, gynecologist and gastroenterologist.

Special cosmetic procedures help to effectively remove blackheads.They can be used as a stand-alone treatment or as a complement to mainstream therapy.

People with problem skin first of all undertake to squeeze out comedones on their own. But it is better to consult a beautician. This procedure is called mechanical cleaning in professional language. The face is pre-steamed, the points are removed with special tools, after which anti-inflammatory and pore-narrowing agents are applied.

In beauty salons, comedones are disposed of with the help of phototherapy.The procedure is so called because of the use of short flashes of light, which destroy disease-causing bacteria and regulate the sebaceous glands. Phototherapy removes points on the face, as well as freckles on the nose and rosacea on the cheeks in a course of 5-7 procedures.

Chemical peels also help get rid of comedones. For its implementation, substances are used that soften the horny scales, help open the skin pores. After application and light rubbing, you can achieve a reduction in grease and get rid of rashes.

It is possible to remove points on the face using the biodermabrasion procedure. For her, several types of peeling are taken, which prepares the epidermis for mechanical stress. Biodermabrasion removes superficial and deep blackheads, relieves inflammation and oily skin.

Remedies for blackheads

In uncomplicated cases, you can try to remove comedones at home. But before buying a remedy, it is better to consult a dermatologist.

Get rid of blackheads with medical cosmetics.Doctors prescribe drugs that include:

  • retinoids are vitamin A, normally it is taken from food, but with blackheads it is necessary to increase its dose;
  • benzoyl peroxide – has antimicrobial effect, suppresses inflammation;
  • azelaic acid – regulates the sebaceous glands, keratinization processes;
  • antibiotics – inhibit the growth of bacteria.

If blackheads become inflamed, sores, scars or spots may appear in their place.To avoid such consequences, use means that accelerate the healing of the skin. These include zinc ointment, dexpanthenol cream, or salicylic acid.

For complex treatment at home, you can do the steaming of the skin. To do this, take a small pot of water and brew medicinal herbs in it. Chamomile, calendula, linden have anti-inflammatory effect, mint invigorates and tones the skin. Some people add essential oils of eucalyptus, tea tree or conifers to steaming.

For women with acne and inflamed blackheads on the forehead and cheeks, after consultation, a gynecologist may prescribe combined oral contraceptives. The drugs suppress androgen sensitivity and reduce sebum production. Drug names vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and may have different concentrations of the estrogenic component.

In severe cases of blackheads, the doctor prescribes oral antibiotics and retinoids. They are also necessary for gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.This condition also interferes with the production of skin secretions and causes blackheads to appear.

In order for comedone remedies to give a more pronounced effect, it is necessary to cleanse the skin with special lotions or tonics at least 2 times a day. It is also recommended to adhere to a diet that excludes spicy, fatty, sweet, chocolate, nuts, cheese and alcohol.

It takes a long time to get rid of blackheads. Even cosmetic procedures in one go will not make the skin smooth.There are no remedies that will remove the defect permanently either. Sebum production is a natural process. Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to adhere to hygiene rules, eat right and periodically carry out deep cleansing procedures.

90,000 392 doctors – which doctor should you contact with a seal under the skin

Surgeons of Moscow – latest reviews

Polite doctor.The reception went well, on time. Igor Valerievich conducted an examination, said that he had not found anything particularly on my problem and sent me for an MRI. I would contact this specialist again, if necessary.

Moderation,

November 13, 2021

I liked the doctor’s approach very much.He explained and reassured everything (and I am very suspicious). Removal of moles was painless and very quick. All recommendations provided. Next time, be sure to see this doctor!

Moderation,

November 13, 2021

I had residual stitches removed.Robert Artavazdovich took them off very quickly and bandaged them. If anything, I will re-enroll. The doctor received me without delay, even earlier than I was registered. The doctor devoted enough time to the procedure.

Rosalia,

November 11, 2021

Oksana Vladislavovna is a very good doctor.The appointment was on time. She told us everything, identified the cause of the problem and immediately prescribed treatment. We liked everything very much. if necessary, we will definitely contact you again.

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November 13, 2021

The doctor is simply unique, my daughter had a complex fracture of the patella, with shrapnel elements, torn ligaments…. underwent surgery, the next day they were told to step on the leg, the leg could be worked out a day after the operation …
Many thanks to Korolev AB

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November 11, 2021

Professional doctor.The reception went well. Everything was quick and convenient. The doctor examined, gave recommendations, prescribed medication that helps me. I was satisfied. I would contact this specialist again, if necessary.

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12 November 2021

Zemfira Uzeirovna is a good specialist.I didn’t like the fact that when I made an appointment I had one amount, but in the end I was presented with a different amount. The doctor generally suited me. At the reception, the doctor asked my problem, examined and made a conclusion. If necessary, I will also turn to this specialist.

Elina,

November 10, 2021

A tactful doctor.The reception went well. I liked everything. Alexander Vladimirovich explained everything in detail and clearly, gave recommendations. The doctor was in no hurry and gave me enough time. I was satisfied.

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12 November 2021

Anna Grigorievna is a competent and friendly specialist.This is not the first time we have contacted her. An inspection was carried out. For ourselves, from this consultation, we received the appointment of drug treatment and magnetotherapy based on the result of MRI. We will continue our observation with this specialist.

Moderation,

12 November 2021

Olga Sergeevna is a very pleasant doctor.She carefully questioned me about the symptoms, the course of the disease, conducted an examination and prescribed detailed treatment. The doctor also explained how to take it. I was satisfied. If necessary, I will apply again. I chose the specialist based on the reviews on the site.

Moderation,

12 November 2021

Show 10 reviews out of 14,874 90,000 on the neck, paw, back and other parts of the body; what it can be, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment

The appearance of subcutaneous bumps in a dog is a reason for contacting a veterinarian.As in humans, the resulting neoplasm may be malignant. Early diagnosis will help prevent the development of metastases, excluding death.

Causes of subcutaneous formations

Lumps in a dog under the skin are not always associated with cancer. Most of them arise for the following reasons:

  1. Insect Bites .A swelling on the nose often remains after a bad encounter with bees. Their bites are always accompanied by redness and swelling.

  2. Mechanical injury . After an unsuccessful jump for the ball and a not at all soft landing right into the wall, a bump may appear on the face of the unlucky pet.

  3. Infection . With weakened immunity, balls filled with pus often appear.This is due to infection by bacteria that cause inflammation. A virus can also cause the seal.

  4. Inflammation of the paraanal glands . If a bump is found under the tail of a dog, then the inflammatory process is reflected in its appearance. The affected area will itch and hurt.

  5. Injection . Post-vaccination swelling in the thigh or paw is a natural reaction to the drug being administered.After a while, it goes away on its own.

  6. Tick-borne invasion . A sucked parasite can be found on the stomach, side, chest, ear, chin and even under the eye. A mysterious growth that appeared shortly after a walk needs compulsory diagnostics. Some ticks carry deadly diseases.

Disorder of the functioning of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles.When the ducts are blocked, the secreted secretion accumulates inside the gland or follicle, leading to their proliferation.

The prolonged presence of swelling, accompanied by its increase and the appearance of pain, requires the obligatory intervention of a veterinarian. Also, other alarming symptoms that are not directly related to education can become a reason for treatment.

What symptoms may appear

Not all balls appear under the skin of a dog.Some of them are formed in soft tissues and can be diagnosed only by palpation of the affected area. Because of this, it is important to consider the symptoms that are present. Anxiety symptoms include:

  • pain when feeling the seal;

  • discoloration of adjacent tissues;

  • stable tumor enlargement;

  • deterioration in sleep, loss of activity and appetite;

  • opening the papule that appears, followed by the release of pus or blood;

  • the presence of temperature.

In the absence of the listed symptoms, but the preservation of education for more than 7 days, it is recommended to undergo diagnostics in a veterinary clinic. If your pet has at least one of the listed symptoms, make an appointment immediately after it is discovered.

Types of subcutaneous cones in a dog

All subcutaneous formations are divided into 2 large groups: non-tumor and tumor.The former are often the result of another disease and disappear after the root cause is eliminated. The latter are newly formed tissues that change healthy cells.

Benign

Benign neoplasms are characterized by the absence of pain and metastases. Despite this, over time, they can develop into malignant ones, so the lack of timely diagnosis can lead to sad consequences.

Tumors of a benign nature grow very slowly or do not grow at all.This is due to a special capsule that restrains their increase. In most cases, they appear in a single copy and can affect any part of the body, including the finger of the animal.

Benign growths include:

  1. Keratoacanthomas . They appear in place of hair follicles on any part of the body covered with wool. Shepherd dogs are at risk.

  2. Histiocytomas . Often turns into an ulcer, affecting the head and ears of the animal.

  3. Papillomas and warts . Typical for pets with a short coat. Most often, these tiny bumps appear in the dog under the skin on the back, genitals, paws and mucous membranes. They are usually caused by viral infections.

  4. Fibroids .Almost do not differ from warts and reach no more than 5 cm in diameter. Usually found on the feet.

  5. Lipomas . Soft, painless growths that move under the skin. An alternative name is wen. Only lipomas on the paws and carotid artery are dangerous – they can cause lameness or cause suffocation.

  6. Hemangiomas . They grow from the epithelial tissue of blood vessels located on the chest.The risk group includes shepherd dogs, spaniels and retrievers.

  7. Histiocytosis . Formed from connective tissue in the form of subcutaneous nodules and plaques. Collies and shepherd dogs are most often affected.

  8. Cysts . Loose and soft, red neoplasms are found throughout the body, including the place where the jaws meet. Cystic balls rarely cause discomfort, so the presence of pain can be a sign of degeneration into a malignant form.

The likelihood of the growth of benign tumors into malignant ones is always individual. In most cases, the removal of such swellings is due to aesthetics. Mandatory surgery is only recommended for sudden discoloration, bleeding, and active enlargement.

Malignant

Malignant, or cancerous, tumors are the result of cell mutation.Due to the absence of a restraining capsule, they grow rapidly and move through the body, striking it with metastases.

Cancer tumors include:

  1. Lymphosarcomas . Formed from lymphatic tissue in the joints, under the jaws, knees and in the groin area. More common than others.

  2. Mastocytomas .They arise from degenerated mast cells responsible for immunity. The main area of ​​formation is the armpits, withers, groin and the line along the spinal column.

  3. Squamous cell carcinoma . It is a scaly plaque or red papules that transform over time into nodular formations. Such bumps, which appear under the skin of a dog on the neck or in the mouth, quickly ulcerate and penetrate into adjacent tissues.

  4. Hemangiosarcomas .There are cutaneous and subcutaneous types. The neoplasm under the skin is always black, and on the skin it can take on a bright pink tint. The subcutaneous view gives metastases in 60% of cases. The risk group includes pets with short white hair.

  5. Osteosarcomas . One of the most dangerous neoplasms that affects bone tissue. Appears on the ribs, skull, pelvis, or sternum. The risk group includes representatives of large breeds.

  6. Melanomas .Round or oval spots of a dark shade that do not have a clear outline. These bumps are localized in the dog under the skin on the paws, back, eyes and on the mucous membranes in the mouth.

The danger of such formations lies in the absence of external symptoms at the initial stage. As metastasis progresses, the tumor begins to bleed or fester. On the affected areas, hair falls out, and the skin changes color. The risk group includes dogs over 8 years old.

Not tumors

In addition to bites accompanied by itching or pain, several other types of non-neoplastic formations are distinguished. These include:

  1. Hematomas . Seals of various sizes that appear due to vascular damage, in other words, bruises.

  2. Pyoderma . Purulent skin lesions, common in puppies. As a result of the disease, the body is affected by a rash or purulent papules.

  3. Mastitis .Inflammation of milk bags, accompanied by the formation of bumps in the nipple area.

  4. Hernias . Appear due to the prolapse of the abdominal organs. They range in size from a pea to a chicken egg.

  5. Lymphadenitis . A disease of the lymph nodes that causes severe pain even with slight swelling.

  6. Inflammation of the paraanal glands .Clogs the excretory pathways and leads to the formation of small balls that resemble a hernia.

  7. Abscess . Purulent tissue inflammation that occurs after unsuccessful injections, trauma or infections.

The listed seals do not disrupt the functionality of healthy cells and do not change their structure. Most of these diseases do not exclude treatment, but they have much less consequences than cancerous tumors.

Veterinary diagnostics

A visit to the veterinary clinic is necessary in the presence of concomitant symptoms, a frightening appearance of the seal or discomfort when palpating it. Do not allow your dog to lick or scratch the affected area before visiting your doctor. This can aggravate his condition.

To make a diagnosis, urine and blood tests are taken from a four-legged patient.He also undergoes x-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans and biopsies. These studies help determine the exact size, location, depth and possible malignancy of the tumor. Endoscopy is recommended in the early stages.

Treatment methods

Benign neoplasms are removed only in case of inconvenience or for aesthetic reasons using cryodestruction. This procedure is based on the action of liquid nitrogen, which freezes excess growths.

With cancerous tumors, everything is much more complicated. A favorable prognosis is given only at an early stage of the disease, when the lump can be operated on. Although even in this case, the risk of a new cell mutation remains, therefore all patients are required to undergo radiation therapy. In the presence of metastases, surgery is not possible, so cancer cells are suppressed with chemotherapy.

All of the listed methods of treating oncology do not give a 100% guarantee of a cure, but they help to prolong the pet’s life.In the absence of the effect of therapy and a stable deterioration in the condition, veterinarians recommend euthanasia.

To avoid the sudden death of your pet, be vigilant and check any suspicious lesions for malignancy. It is impossible to prevent the development of oncology with preventive measures, but some of them can reduce possible risks.

Good advice includes timely sterilization and regular check-ups with your veterinarian.Remember that taking hormonal contraceptives is fraught with cancer, and animals over 8 years old are at risk.

This article is for informational purposes only. See your veterinarian!

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90,000 Benign soft tissue tumors

FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

Xanthoma

A rare disease, more often localized in the skin.It occurs in people with impaired lipid metabolism, usually multiple. It is also localized in the tendons. It is represented by small nodules, part of the xanthelasm type.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

A small nodule in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Disappears spontaneously.

Fibrous histiocytoma

More common in middle age, localized mainly on the lower extremities. Usually it has the form of a dense knot up to 10 cm, it grows slowly. Relapses are rare after surgical removal.

BENEFICIAL TUMORS OF ADIPATIVE TISSUE

Lipoma

One of the most common benign tumors (30-40%). It can occur wherever there is adipose tissue. When localized in the dermis, it is usually encapsulated, in other parts of the body it is weakly delimited. Tumors localized in the retroperitoneal space can become malignant, other localizations practically do not become malignant. Lipomas are often multiple, sometimes develop symmetrically. Their growth is not associated with the general state of the organism.The tumor has the form of a lobular node. With a long existence in a lipoma, dystrophic changes, calcification, ossification can develop.

There are numerous variants of mature fatty tumors that differ from the classic lipoma both in clinical manifestations and in some morphological features.

Myelolipoma

A rare tumor, more common in the retroperitoneal space, pelvic tissue, adrenal glands.Does not become malignant.

Subcutaneous angiolipoma

Numerous painful nodes. It occurs more often at a young age in men on the front wall of the abdomen, on the forearm.

Spindle cell lipoma

Observed more often in adult men (90%). The node is rounded, dense, slowly growing, more often localized in the area of ​​the shoulder joint, back. Relapses and metastases after excision have not been described, despite the fact that the tumor can infiltrate the surrounding tissue.

Chondro- and osteolipomas reveal metaplastic areas of bone and cartilage tissue.

Benign lipoblastomatosis

It is subdivided into nodular (good lipoblastoma) and diffuse (good lipoblastomatosis) forms. More often boys under 7 years old are ill (88%). The tumor is localized on the lower limb, in the buttocks and on the upper limb – shoulder girdle and hand. Also described are the defeat of the neck, mediastinum, trunk. The tumor node is encapsulated, lobular, spherical, can reach 14 cm.After surgical treatment, relapses are possible, sometimes repeated. Metastases have not been described.

Hebernoma (fetal lipoma)

Lipoma from lipoblasts, pseudolipoma – an extremely rare tumor, localized in places where there is brown fat (neck, axillary region, sinus, mediastinum). It is represented by a lobular node, usually small in size. Does not recur and does not metastasize.

BENEFICIAL TUMORS OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Tumors of muscle tissue are divided into smooth muscle tumors – leiomyomas, and striated – rhabdomyomas.Tumors are rare.

Leiomyoma

Mature benign tumor. It occurs at any age in both sexes. It is often multiple. The tumor can become malignant. Surgical treatment.

Leiomyoma, which develops from the muscular wall of small vessels – small, often multiple indistinctly delimited and slowly growing nodes, often with ulcerated skin, clinically very similar to Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Genital leiomyoma is formed from the muscular membrane of the scrotum, labia majora, perineum, nipples of the mammary gland.It can be multiple. In a tumor, cellular polymorphism is often noted. Hormone dependent. Surgical treatment.

Angioleiomyoma from the closing arteries

A clinically severely painful tumor that can change size under external influences or emotions. The sizes are usually small, more common in the elderly, on the limbs, near the joints. It is characterized by slow growth and benign course.

Rhabdomyoma

A rare mature benign tumor, based on striated muscle tissue.It affects the heart and soft tissues. It is a moderately dense knot with clear boundaries, encapsulated. Metastases of rhabdomyoma have not been described. Relapses are extremely rare. Microscopically, 3 subtypes are distinguished – myxoid, fetal cellular and adult. There is also a rhabdomyoma of the female genitals. Mostly the adult type recurs.

BENEFIT TUMORS OF BLOOD AND LYMPH VESSELS

These lesions involve various processes, a significant number of which are considered in dermatology.Some of them refer to malformations of the vascular system of a tumor-like nature, some to true tumors.

Capillary angioma

True neoplasm with proliferation of endothelial cells.

Benign hemangioendothelioma

Congenital pathology, occurs in newborns and infants, more often in girls, with localization in the head.

Capillary hemangioma

After lipoma, the most common soft tissue tumor, often multiple, reaches its maximum size by 6 months of age, with multiple lesions, localization in internal organs is possible

Cavernous hemangioma

Education, consisting of bizarre cavities such as sinusoids of various sizes.It is localized in the skin, muscles, internal organs. Has a benign course.

Senile hemangioma

A true tumor, characterized by the proliferation of capillaries followed by their cavernization with secondary changes.

Hemangioma

Mature benign tumor of vascular origin, common. It affects more often middle-aged people, localized on the mucous membrane of the nose, lips, on the skin of the face, limbs, in the mammary gland.It is a clearly delimited node of grayish-pink color 2-3 cm. The tumor can often become malignant and go into angiosarcoma.

Arterial angioma

A conglomerate of malformed vessels, no signs of a tumor.

Glomangioma (glomus tumor, Barre-Masson’s tumor)

Occurs as an isolated tumor or in the form of multiple disseminated familial glomusangioma. The tumor is benign, occurs in the elderly, in the hands and feet, more often in the area of ​​the nail bed.May affect the skin of the lower leg, thigh, face, trunk. In isolated cases, it was noted in the kidneys, vagina, bones. When localized in the skin, the tumor is sharply painful. Does not recur and does not metastasize.

Hemangiopericytoma

Rare, can occur at any age. It is localized in the skin, less often in the thickness of soft tissues. Looks like a delimited dense red knot. The tumor can become malignant – giving relapses and metastases is considered a potentially malignant process.Malignancy in up to 20% of cases is described in adults. The process in children is benign.

Lymphangioma

It is observed more often in children as a malformation of the lymphatic vessels, but it can occur at any age. More often localized on the neck, oral mucosa.

BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE DISEASES OF THE SYNOVIAL TISSUE (JOINTS)

Benign synovioma without giant cells

The existence of benign synoviomas is debated.Most authors are inclined to believe that all synoviomas are malignant, regardless of the degree of maturity. The tumor mainly affects the knee joint, in the form of small dense nodes. Surgical treatment, however, patients should be observed for 5-9 years. The disease can give relapses and metastases.

Benign giant cell synovioma (nodular tendosynovitis)

Pseudotumor process, occurs quite often. In 15%, the process occurs in the area of ​​the synovial membrane of the joints, in 80% – in the tendon sheaths, in 5% – in the mucous bags.It is a nodular formation, more often localized on the fingers of the hands, less often on the feet and even less often in the area of ​​large joints. Favorite localization – interphalangeal joints. More common in women 30-60 years old. With prolonged existence, it can cause atrophy of surrounding tissues, including bones. The process often recurs, most of the relapses are associated with incomplete removal. Does not give metastases.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis

Located inside the shell of the joints, more often in the area of ​​the knee, elbow and shoulder joints.Occurs in middle age. The etiology is not clear.

BENIGN TUMORS OF PERIPHERAL NERVES

Traumatic or amputation neuroma

Occurs as a result of post-traumatic hyperregeneration of the nerve. It is a small painful knot.

Neurofibroma

A single, slowly growing benign tumor of the mesenchymal sheath of the nerve trunk of any localization, but most often develops on the sciatic nerve and intercostal nerves.It occurs in people of any age. Clinically defined as a small size of a densely elastic consistency with a smooth surface of the tumor node, upon palpation of which pain radiates along the nerve. Some tumors can grow large. Tumor growth can occur both to the periphery of the nerve and in the thickness of the nerve trunk, which is revealed during its morphological examination.

Surgical treatment. The forecast is good. A special disease is multiple neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen’s disease), which belongs to the group of dysplastic processes.