What are the common causes of armpit lymph node infections. How can you identify symptoms of infected lymph nodes in the armpit. What treatment options are available for armpit lymph node infections. When should you seek medical attention for swollen lymph nodes under the arm.

Understanding Armpit Lymph Nodes and Their Function

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that play a crucial role in our immune system. They act as filters, trapping harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. The armpit, also known as the axilla, contains a cluster of lymph nodes that are particularly important for draining lymph fluid from the breast, arm, and upper chest.

These axillary lymph nodes serve several key functions:

• Filtering lymph fluid to remove pathogens and cellular debris
• Storing immune cells like lymphocytes
• Initiating immune responses against harmful substances
• Helping to maintain fluid balance in the upper body

When the body is fighting an infection or dealing with other health issues, these lymph nodes can become swollen and tender. This swelling is often a sign that the immune system is actively working to address a problem.

Common Causes of Armpit Lymph Node Swelling

Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit can be caused by various factors. Some of the most common causes include:

Infections

Bacterial and viral infections are frequent culprits behind swollen armpit lymph nodes. These may include:

• Upper respiratory infections
• Skin infections in the arm or breast area
• Mononucleosis
• HIV/AIDS
• Cat scratch disease

Injuries and Skin Conditions

Physical trauma or skin conditions affecting the arm, breast, or upper chest can lead to lymph node swelling:

• Cuts or scrapes that become infected
• Insect bites
• Eczema or psoriasis flare-ups
• Burns

Cancer

While less common, certain cancers can cause armpit lymph node swelling:

• Breast cancer
• Lymphoma
• Leukemia

Other Causes

Additional factors that may contribute to swollen armpit lymph nodes include:

• Vaccinations
• Certain medications
• Autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
• Lipomas (benign fatty growths)

Recognizing Symptoms of Infected Armpit Lymph Nodes

Identifying the symptoms of infected armpit lymph nodes is crucial for timely treatment. Common signs include:

• Swelling: The lymph nodes may feel like small, firm lumps under the skin.
• Pain or tenderness: Infected nodes are often sore to the touch.
• Redness: The skin over the swollen lymph nodes may appear reddened.
• Warmth: The affected area might feel warmer than surrounding skin.
• Changes in size: Infected lymph nodes may increase in size over time.
• Fever: A low-grade fever often accompanies lymph node infections.
• Fatigue: General tiredness or weakness can occur as the body fights infection.

Is it normal for infected lymph nodes to be painful? In most cases, yes. Pain and tenderness are common symptoms of infected lymph nodes, especially when touched or pressed. However, not all swollen lymph nodes are painful, and the degree of discomfort can vary depending on the underlying cause.

Diagnosing Armpit Lymph Node Infections

When you visit a healthcare provider for swollen armpit lymph nodes, they will typically follow these steps to diagnose the cause:

1. Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, recent illnesses, and any other relevant medical information.
2. Physical examination: They will carefully examine the swollen lymph nodes, checking for size, consistency, and tenderness.
3. Additional tests: Depending on the findings, your doctor may recommend:
   • Blood tests to check for infections or other abnormalities
   • Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan to get a better view of the lymph nodes
   • Fine needle aspiration or biopsy to examine cells from the lymph node

How can doctors differentiate between benign and malignant lymph node swelling? While a physical examination can provide some clues, definitive diagnosis often requires additional testing. Imaging studies can reveal the internal structure of lymph nodes, while biopsies allow for microscopic examination of the cells. Malignant lymph nodes tend to be firmer, less mobile, and may grow more rapidly than benign ones.

Treatment Options for Armpit Lymph Node Infections

The treatment for infected armpit lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

Conservative Management

For mild cases or viral infections:

• Rest and allowing the body to fight the infection
• Applying warm compresses to reduce discomfort
• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Antibiotics

If a bacterial infection is suspected, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as directed, even if symptoms improve.

Treatment of Underlying Conditions

If the lymph node swelling is due to a specific condition like an autoimmune disorder or cancer, treatment will focus on addressing that underlying issue.

Surgical Intervention

In rare cases, surgical removal of the infected lymph node may be necessary, especially if there’s an abscess or if cancer is suspected.

Can armpit lymph node infections resolve on their own? Many cases of swollen lymph nodes, particularly those caused by viral infections, will resolve on their own given time. However, it’s important to monitor the condition and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.

Preventing Armpit Lymph Node Infections

While not all cases of armpit lymph node infections can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Practice good hygiene: Regularly wash your hands and keep your armpits clean and dry.
• Avoid irritants: Use gentle, fragrance-free products on your skin to prevent irritation.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help support your immune system.
• Treat skin conditions promptly: Address any cuts, scrapes, or skin infections quickly to prevent them from spreading.
• Stay up-to-date on vaccinations: This can help prevent certain infections that may lead to lymph node swelling.

How effective is proper hygiene in preventing armpit lymph node infections? While good hygiene practices can significantly reduce the risk of skin infections that may lead to lymph node swelling, they cannot prevent all causes of lymph node infections. Some underlying conditions or systemic infections may still affect the lymph nodes despite excellent hygiene.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Armpit Lymph Node Swelling

While many cases of swollen armpit lymph nodes are not serious, there are times when you should consult a healthcare professional:

• Persistent swelling: If the swelling lasts more than two weeks without improvement.
• Increasing size: If the lymph nodes continue to grow larger over time.
• Extreme tenderness: If the pain is severe or interferes with arm movement.
• Hard or fixed lymph nodes: If the nodes feel very firm or seem stuck to the skin or underlying tissue.
• Unexplained weight loss: Especially when accompanied by night sweats or fever.
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing: This could indicate swelling of internal lymph nodes.
• Redness or warmth spreading from the lymph node: This may suggest a spreading infection.

Should you be concerned if only one armpit has swollen lymph nodes? Not necessarily. Unilateral (one-sided) lymph node swelling is often related to a localized issue on that side of the body, such as an infection or injury. However, if the swelling persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s best to have it evaluated by a healthcare provider.

The Link Between Armpit Lymph Nodes and Breast Cancer

The connection between armpit lymph nodes and breast cancer is an important topic that deserves special attention. Breast cancer can spread to the axillary lymph nodes, making them a crucial area for breast cancer screening and staging.

Breast Cancer Metastasis to Armpit Lymph Nodes

When breast cancer cells spread beyond the primary tumor, they often first travel to the axillary lymph nodes. This is why doctors routinely check the armpit area during breast examinations and why lymph node status is an important factor in breast cancer staging.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

In cases of breast cancer, a procedure called sentinel lymph node biopsy is often performed. This involves:

1. Identifying the first lymph node(s) where cancer is likely to spread
2. Removing this “sentinel” node for examination
3. Determining if cancer cells are present, which helps guide treatment decisions

Importance of Regular Breast Self-Exams

Regular breast self-examinations can help detect changes not only in the breast tissue but also in the armpit area. Women should be aware of the normal feel of their breast and armpit tissue to better recognize any unusual changes.

Does the presence of swollen armpit lymph nodes always indicate breast cancer? No, swollen armpit lymph nodes have many potential causes, and breast cancer is not the most common one. However, unexplained, persistent swelling, especially if accompanied by breast changes, should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Long-term Management of Recurrent Armpit Lymph Node Swelling

Some individuals may experience recurrent or chronic swelling of their armpit lymph nodes. Managing this condition often involves a multi-faceted approach:

Identifying Underlying Causes

Persistent or recurrent lymph node swelling may be due to:

• Chronic infections
• Autoimmune disorders
• Allergies or sensitivities
• Rarely, lymphomas or other cancers

Lifestyle Modifications

Long-term management may include:

• Stress reduction techniques
• Dietary changes to support immune function
• Regular, moderate exercise
• Avoiding known triggers or irritants

Medical Management

Depending on the underlying cause, long-term medical management might involve:

• Immunosuppressive medications for autoimmune conditions
• Prophylactic antibiotics for recurrent infections
• Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers

How can patients effectively communicate their symptoms and concerns to healthcare providers? Keeping a symptom diary that includes details about when swelling occurs, associated symptoms, and potential triggers can be extremely helpful. This information can aid healthcare providers in identifying patterns and determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

Emerging Research and Future Directions

The field of lymphatic health and lymph node function continues to evolve, with ongoing research providing new insights and potential treatment approaches:

Lymphatic System Imaging

Advanced imaging techniques are being developed to better visualize the lymphatic system, potentially allowing for earlier detection of abnormalities and more precise treatment planning.

Immunotherapy

Research into immunotherapy treatments that harness the body’s immune system to fight cancer and other diseases often involves studying lymph node function and how to enhance immune responses.

Lymphedema Management

Improved understanding of the lymphatic system is leading to advancements in treating lymphedema, a condition of chronic swelling that can occur after lymph node removal or damage.

Microbiome Research

Studies are exploring the relationship between the human microbiome and lymph node function, potentially opening new avenues for treating lymph node disorders.

What potential breakthroughs in lymph node research might we see in the coming years? While it’s difficult to predict specific breakthroughs, areas of active research include developing targeted therapies to modulate lymph node function, improving lymphatic drainage techniques, and using artificial intelligence to enhance lymph node imaging and diagnosis.

As our understanding of the lymphatic system and lymph node function continues to grow, we can expect to see improvements in diagnosing and treating armpit lymph node infections and related conditions. Staying informed about these developments and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers will be key to benefiting from future advancements in this field.

Armpit lump: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

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An armpit lump is a swelling or bump under the arm. A lump in the armpit can have many causes. These include swollen lymph nodes, infections, or cysts.

Lumps in the armpit may have many causes.

Lymph nodes act as filters that can catch germs or cancerous tumor cells. When they do, lymph nodes increase in size and are easily felt. Reasons lymph nodes in the armpit area may be enlarged are:

• Arm or breast infection
• Some body-wide infections, such as mono, AIDS, or herpes
• Cancers, such as lymphomas or breast cancer

Cysts or abscesses under the skin may also produce large, painful lumps in the armpit. These may be caused by shaving or use of antiperspirants (not deodorants). This is most often seen in teens just beginning to shave.

Other causes of armpit lumps may include:

• Cat scratch disease
• Lipomas (harmless fatty growths)
• Use of certain medicines or vaccinations

Home care depends on the reason for the lump. Check with your health care provider to determine the cause.

An armpit lump in a woman may be a sign of breast cancer, and it should be checked by a provider right away.

Contact your provider if you have an unexplained armpit lump. Do not try to diagnose lumps by yourself.

Your provider will examine you and gently press on the nodes. You will be asked questions about your medical history and symptoms, such as:

• When did you first notice the lump? Has the lump changed?
• Are you breastfeeding?
• Is there anything that makes the lump worse?
• Is the lump painful?
• Do you have any other symptoms?

You may need more tests, depending on the results of your physical exam.

Lump in the armpit; Localized lymphadenopathy – armpit; Axillary lymphadenopathy; Axillary lymph enlargement; Lymph nodes enlargement – axillary; Axillary abscess

• Female breast
• Lymphatic system
• Swollen lymph nodes under arm

Miyake KK, Ikeda DM. Mammographic and ultrasound analysis of breast masses. In: Ikeda DM, Miyake KK, eds. Breast Imaging: The Requisites. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 4.

Tower RL, Camitta BM. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier;2020:chap 517.

Winter JN. Approach to the patient with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 159.

Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Cancer Pictures Of Swollen Lymph Nodes In Armpit

Mayo Clinic: “Swollen lymph nodes.”

When Do Swollen Lymph Nodes Mean Cancer?

When you have swollen lymph nodes, your first thought shouldn’t be, “I have cancer. ” They’re much more likely to be caused by infections or a disease that affects your immune system, and they will often clear up as your body heals.

But sometimes, cancer cells will travel through your bloodstream and end up in your lymph nodes, or even start there.

Your doctor can help you figure out what’s causing the changes in your body.

Why Lymph Nodes Swell

There are more than 600 small, kidney bean-shaped lymph nodes in clusters throughout your body — under your neck, in your armpits and groin, and in the middle of your chest and belly. These store immune cells and act as filters to remove germs, dead and damaged cells, and other waste from your body.

Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that they’re working hard. More immune cells may be going there, and more waste could be building up. Swelling usually signals an infection of some kind, but it could also be from a condition like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, or rarely, cancer.

Often, swollen lymph nodes will be close to where the problem is. When you have strep throat, lymph nodes in your neck may swell. Shingles will cause swollen lymph nodes in the area where the rash breaks out.Women who have breast cancer may get swollen lymph nodes in their armpit.

When several areas of lymph nodes are swollen, that suggests the problem is throughout your body. It could be something like chickenpox, HIV, or a cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma.

When to See a Doctor

You’ll often have a good idea why a lymph node is swollen — you’ve got a cold, your tooth is infected, or you have a cut that isn’t healing well. If you can’t come up with an explanation, it may be time to get checked out.

Lymph nodes that are around 1/2 inch or bigger aren’t normal. They shouldn’t feel hard or rubbery, and you should be able to move them. The skin over them should not be red, irritated, or warm. And the swelling should go away within a couple of weeks. You should see your doctor if your lymph nodes appear abnormal.”

Other symptoms are also a reason to make an appointment:

• Trouble breathing or swallowing
• Night sweats
• Fever that doesn’t break
• Losing weight without trying to
• Fatigue

Getting a Diagnosis

Your doctor will probably try to rule out reasons other than cancer first. They’ll do a physical exam and ask about things that have happened, like if you’ve:

• Been scratched by a cat
• Been bitten by a tick
• Eaten undercooked meat
• Had risky sex or injected street drugs
• Traveled to certain places or areas

They’ll want to know what medications you’re taking and other symptoms you have.

Swollen nodes that are close to your collarbone or the lower part of your neck when you’re over 40 are more likely to be cancer. On the right side, related to the lungs and esophagus; on the left, organs in your belly. Swollen lymph nodes in your armpit when you don’t have a rash or sores on your arm can also be suspect.

If your doctor thinks your swollen lymph nodes could be cancer, tests and imaging can confirm the diagnosis or point to something else. Based on where the cancer might be, you could get a chest X-ray, an ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI. A scan called FDG-PET, which stands for fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography, can help find lymphoma and other cancers. And you’ll probably get a biopsy. They’ll take either a sample of cells from a node, typically using a needle, or remove a whole node. The sample gets sent to a lab so a specialist can check it with a microscope for cancer.

Otherwise, you’ll usually start with a complete blood count (CBC) to get a picture of your general health as well as more detailed information about your white blood cells, which fight infection. Depending on your other symptoms and your history, your doctor may want additional blood tests or x-rays, too.

If these tests don’t show another cause and the swollen nodes don’t go away in 3-4 weeks, your doctor will probably do a biopsy. Since the swelling will often go away or another cause will be found while you’re waiting to do a biopsy, the delay prevents people from getting procedures they don’t need. And even if it is cancer, you should still be able to treat it effectively.

When you have swollen lymph nodes throughout your body, your doctor will ask for a CBC, a chest X-ray, and an HIV test. If these are normal, you might get other tests, perhaps for tuberculosis or syphilis, an antinuclear antibody test (which checks your immune system), or a heterophile test (for the Epstein-Barr virus). The next step is a biopsy of the most abnormal node.

What Does Cancer in a Lymph Node Mean?

Cancer in your lymph nodes may point to lymphoma or another blood cancer, or may be a cancer that has spread from another site.

Based on the source of the cancer cells and how far away that is from the swollen nodes, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan. It could include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, or a combination of treatments.

Show Sources

Insight, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute: “If My Lymph Nodes Are Swollen, Do I Have Cancer?”

Cleveland Clinic: “Swollen Lymph Nodes.”

Mayo Clinic: “Swollen lymph nodes.”

JAMA Oncology: “Lymph Nodes and Lymphadenopathy in Cancer.”

American Cancer Society: “Lymph Nodes and Cancer.”

UpToDate: “Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults. ”

Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: “Imaging Tests,” “Blood Tests.”

What Do Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Armpit Look Like?

Lymph nodes are critical parts of the immune system. They filter foreign substances from the body and store white blood cells, called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes fight disease and infections.

You have hundreds of small bean-shaped lymph nodes throughout the body, including in your:

Swollen lymph nodes, also known as lymphadenitis, in the armpit indicate that your body is responding to an infection, injury, or a disease, like cancer. It’s important to keep in mind that in most cases, a swollen lymph node in the armpit isn’t typically a sign of cancer.

It’s not a symptom to dismiss, either, as it may be a sign of a condition that requires medical attention.

A lymph node in the armpit that’s only slightly enlarged may be difficult to see, but you may be able to feel it with your fingers. A serious infection or other condition may cause one or more nodes to swell enough that you can see a lump under your skin.

Keep in mind that the armpit contains many nodes, so swelling could occur in the front, center, or back of the armpit, as well as along part of the upper arm near the armpit.

In addition to being swollen, an affected lymph node may also be sore or tender to the touch.

To check for a swollen lymph node in the armpit, lift your arm slightly and gently place your fingers into your armpit. Press your fingers against the center of the armpit and then around the front and back of the armpit along the chest wall. Do the same on the other side.

Lymph nodes exist in pairs on each side of the body, and typically only one node in a pair will be swollen. By comparing both sides, it may be a little easier to tell if one is enlarged.

If lymph nodes are swollen in more than one part of the body, the condition is known as generalized lymphadenopathy, which suggests a systemic illness. Localized lymphadenopathy refers to swollen lymph node(s) in one location.

The location of swollen lymph nodes usually suggests the cause of the problem. A swollen lymph node in the neck, for example, is often a sign of an upper respiratory infection.

When lymph nodes in the armpit become swollen, your body may be fighting a viral infection, or any of several other conditions. The potential causes of a swollen lymph node in the armpit can include:

Viral infection

Common viruses can trigger swelling in one or more lymph nodes in the armpit. They can include:

More serious viral infections that may cause lymph node enlargement include herpes, rubella, and HIV.

These viruses may also cause lymph nodes in the neck to become enlarged, too. In many cases, rest, fluids, and time are all that you can do while your immune system fights off the virus. For certain viral infections, like HIV, antiviral medications may be necessary.

Bacterial infection

Some common bacterial infections on the arm or surrounding chest wall, including staphylococcus and streptococcus, can lead to an enlarged lymph node in the armpit and elsewhere in the body. Antibiotics and rest are usually enough to overcome a bacterial infection.

Immune system disorder

Flare-ups of autoimmune disorders, like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can cause temporary enlargement of the lymph nodes in an armpit. Treatments vary, depending on the cause, but anti-inflammatory medications, pain relievers, and in serious cases, immunosuppressant drugs may be necessary.

Cancer

Certain types of cancer directly involve the lymphatic system. Lymphoma actually originates in the lymph glands. Leukemia, a cancer of the blood cells, can cause inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes.

Cancers that form in other organs or tissue may spread to the lymphatic system. Breast cancer, for example, can cause swelling of the lymph nodes in the armpit.

An enlarged lymph node near a cancerous tumor is often suspected of also being cancerous. Cancer treatments vary and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and other approaches.

Medications

In rare cases, certain medications can cause lymph nodes to swell. Among them are:

• ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and vasodilators to treat high blood pressure
• anticonvulsant drugs, including phenytoin and primidone
• anti-malarial drugs, including quinidine
• uric acid reducers, like allopurinol

Switching medications or adjusting doses may be enough to reduce side effects like lymph node enlargement.

As your body starts to successfully fight off the infection, the swelling in your lymph nodes should start to diminish.

With a typical bacterial infection, for example, a course of antibiotics should start to relieve lymph node swelling and other symptoms within a few days. A stubborn viral infection could take longer.

If your other symptoms are subsiding, but your lymph nodes remain swollen, tell a health professional. You may need additional treatment or a follow-up exam to see if there are other reasons your lymph nodes are still enlarged.

Because swollen lymph nodes are more often signs of an infection, rather than cancer, you may be inclined to dismiss swelling as a temporary symptom that’ll subside as you get over your infection. In many cases, that’s exactly what will happen.

If you’re unsure whether to seek a medical evaluation for swollen lymph nodes, these signs may be reasons to see a medical professional:

• One or more lymph nodes are swollen for no obvious reason.
• The swelling has lasted or gotten worse over a period of 2 or more weeks.
• The affected node feels hard and immovable when you press on it.
• The swollen lymph nodes aren’t painful.
• You have swollen lymph nodes in separate areas, like the armpit and groin.
• You have other symptoms, like:
  • redness or fluid oozing around the node
  • fever
  • cough
  • night sweats
  • unexplained weight loss
  • pain elsewhere in your body

  Swollen lymph nodes typically get better once your illness has been treated or goes away on its own. To support your immune system as it responds to the infection or illness, you can rest and drink plenty of fluids. If you are prescribed medication, be sure to take it according to the prescribing doctor’s instructions.

  If you feel discomfort or pain due to your swollen lymph node, you can try applying a warm compress to ease discomfort. Over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), may also help reduce pain.

  If your pain gets worse or does not resolve, you may need to consult a doctor for additional treatment or testing.

  Most of the time, a swollen lymph node means your body’s immune system is doing its job in responding to an infection or other health problem. That also means you’re dealing with an illness or injury that may require treatment.

  If you’re battling a cold, for instance, and you notice slight swelling of a lymph node in your armpit, pay attention to it for a few days and see if the swelling goes down when you start feeling better.

  Unexplained swelling or the presence of other serious symptoms should prompt a visit with a health professional for a more complete evaluation.

  Last medically reviewed on March 11, 2022

symptoms, causes, classification, what to do with inflammation of the lymph nodes

This disease is treated by Therapist

The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Article content:

• What is the lymphatic system
• Lymph node functions
• What is lymphadenitis
• Causes
• Disease classification
• Symptoms
• Routes of infection
• Possible complications
• When to see a doctor
• Diagnostics
• Methods of treatment
• Disease prognosis and prevention

What is inflammation of the lymph nodes?

The lymphatic system ensures the normal functioning of the immune system, internal organs and tissues. One of the most common diseases of the lymphatic system is lymphadenitis of the lymph nodes. The disease has a different etiology, symptoms and degree of danger to health. In the article we will talk about how to recognize the pathology and what methods of treatment exist.

What is the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic vessels and nodes. These vessels transport a special liquid – lymph. It is responsible for the transport of proteins, salts and metabolites into the blood.

Lymph nodes act as a filter. They purify the lymph from pathogenic microorganisms and foreign substances, due to which purified and safe lymphatic fluid enters the bloodstream. Source:
The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. pp.60-62.

The lymphatic system performs three main functions:

1. Participates in immune defense. Together with the flow of lymph, pathogenic microorganisms enter the lymph nodes, where they are recognized and destroyed.
2. Maintains proper fluid levels in tissues. With an excessive amount of fluid, the lymphatic vessels “drain” organs and tissues.
3. Produces fat metabolism. Lymphatic vessels transport lipids, which are involved in almost all metabolic processes.

Functions of the lymph nodes

There are about 500 lymph nodes in the human body. They play the role of a barrier and a pump, perform several important functions:

• Hematopoietic. Lymph nodes are involved in the development of white blood cells – lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are cells of the immune system responsible for fighting various infections and diseases.
• Drainage, or transport. Lymph nodes play an important role in the transport of lymph, which enters the lymphatic vessels from the intercellular spaces of tissues. Due to this, exudate and metabolic products are utilized from the tissues.
• Barrier. Lymph nodes serve as a barrier to infected cells and microorganisms, preventing them from spreading throughout the body. They can also form antibodies that help neutralize and destroy infectious agents.

What is lymphadenitis

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. In most cases, this is not an independent disease, but a complication of the primary pathology. It is most often a sign of a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal infection. Source:
Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30. Therefore, to find the cause of the inflammatory process, complex diagnostics are needed.

Depending on the etiology, one or more lymph nodes may become inflamed. With lymphadenitis, the following types of lymph nodes are usually affected:

• cervical;
• elbow;
• submandibular;
• popliteal;
• inguinal;
• axillary.

In lymphadenitis, the lymph node becomes enlarged and painful. This is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system that collect inside it. If an infectious agent has entered the lymph node and caused the formation of an abscess or abscess, purulent inflammation may develop.

In the absence of timely treatment, lymphadenitis provokes the development of dangerous complications: the spread of infection to other tissues and organs, the formation of fistulas, sepsis. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first sign of illness.

Causes

Most common causes:

• Infections. In most cases, inflammation in the area of ​​the lymph node occurs precisely against the background of infection: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, stomatitis, SARS, influenza, tuberculosis, brucellosis, chicken pox, etc.
• Injuries and operations. Any injury, surgery and other damage to the lymph node can cause inflammation.
• Allergic reactions. Some allergens activate a cascade of inflammatory responses.
• Oncological diseases. Lymphadenitis sometimes becomes one of the signs of malignant tumors of the lymphatic system, especially lymphoma.
• Autoimmune diseases. Lymph node inflammation can accompany systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

In some cases, it is not possible to determine the etiology of inflammation of the lymph node. Then a diagnosis of “lymphadenitis, unspecified” is established.

Clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation offer several classifications of lymphadenitis.

Origin:

• Primary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation occurs directly in the lymph node. This most commonly occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the body through a skin wound, or when certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, infect the lymphatic system.
• Secondary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation is localized not in the lymph node itself, but elsewhere in the body. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads from the primary focus to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels. For example, secondary lymphadenitis can occur with an infection of the pharynx or teeth, as well as in the presence of cancer or blood diseases.

Intensity and duration of inflammation:

• Acute. It is characterized by an abrupt onset, rapid progression, and an acute inflammatory response. Usually acute lymphadenitis is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness of the skin, fever and other signs of inflammation. Source:
  Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. pp. 90-91.
• Chronic. It is characterized by a sluggish long course and a low intensity of the inflammatory process. Most often it develops against the background of untreated acute lymphadenitis. The chronic form is characterized by two periods: exacerbation and remission. In the first case, clinical manifestations are pronounced, in the second – weakly or completely absent, an imaginary recovery occurs.
• Recurrent. It is characterized by periodic exacerbations of inflammation after a temporary improvement. Usually, relapses occur in the presence of a chronic infectious or inflammatory process in the body.

By the nature of inflammation:

• Purulent. It is characterized by the formation of pus inside the lymph node. It occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. As a rule, purulent lymphadenitis is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness of the skin and fever.
• Serous. It differs in the formation of serous fluid inside the affected lymph node, and the inflammatory process does not go beyond its capsule. Often found in children.

Localization:

• submandibular – usually occurs against the background of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth or pharynx;
• axillary – associated with infectious or oncological diseases of the breast;
• inguinal – occurs against the background of skin infections and skin lesions;
• cervical – develops when the pharynx, mouth, nose or ears are affected. Source:
  Diagnosis and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp. 75-78;
• parotid – caused by infectious diseases of the ear or mouth;
• occipital – occurs against the background of pathologies of the skin or upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphadenitis depend on its type, location and cause. The most common signs of inflammation of the lymph node:

• swelling and tenderness of the affected lymph node;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• general weakness, fatigue and fever;
• pain and discomfort when touching an affected lymph node;
• headache;
• sometimes – nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite;
• excessive sweating, especially at night;
• discoloration and texture of the skin in the area of ​​an inflamed lymph node;
• appearance of spots on the skin or other rashes.

Ways of infection

Primary cause of secondary lymphadenitis can be:

• trophic ulcer;
• caries;
• otitis;
• influenza;
• tonsillitis;
• angina;
• herpes;
• tumor;
• tuberculosis and more.

Lymphadenitis sometimes develops due to damage to the skin: scratches, wounds or insect bites, which can become the entry gate for bacteria.

Possible complications

Many people don’t even realize the danger of lymphadenitis. Without timely treatment, the disease leads to various, including dangerous consequences. Most often, the following complications develop:

• abscess – a limited accumulation of pus in the tissues, surrounded by a membrane;
• sepsis is a severe infectious disease in which the infection spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream;
• compression of surrounding tissues – enlarged lymph nodes cause discomfort and put pressure on neighboring tissues;
• thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the venous wall with the formation of blood clots that can clog the lumen of the vein;
• fistula – the formation of a pathological channel as a result of the accumulation of purulent fluid.

When to see a doctor

Lymphadenitis is diagnosed and treated by a vascular surgeon. It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. The specialist will prescribe a diagnosis to identify the cause of inflammation and tell the patient what to do. Timely access to a doctor prevents the development of dangerous complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis is aimed at finding the cause of the inflammatory process, assessing the current state of the lymph node and the body as a whole. For this, a comprehensive examination is used:

• Inspection. The doctor examines the skin at the site of the affected lymph node, evaluates its size, shape, texture, temperature and sensitivity of the skin.
• General and biochemical blood test. Analyzes confirm the inflammatory and infectious process.
• Biopsy. Taking a sample of a lymph node for histological examination allows you to determine the cellular composition of the tissue and differentiate the tumor. Source:
  Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78.
• ultrasound. Ultrasound examination helps to determine the size and structure of the lymph node, as well as to identify the neoplasm.
• CT and MRI. The procedures are used for layer-by-layer study of the lymph node and surrounding soft tissues.
• Culture study. If lymphadenitis is caused by a bacterial infection, a bacterial culture is performed to determine the type of bacteria and select the most effective antibiotic.

Methods of treatment

The doctor chooses the method of treatment individually for each clinical case. It depends on the etiology of inflammation, the current state of the patient and associated complications. In most cases, conservative therapy is used, including medication, including:

• antibiotics if there is a bacterial infection;
• antiviral drugs – in the presence of a viral infection;
• antifungals – in the presence of a fungal infection;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – for the relief of inflammation and pain.

In addition, physiotherapy, compresses and massage are used. In the presence of abscesses, surgical intervention is indicated – removal of purulent contents and sanitation of the affected tissues.

Prognosis and prevention of the disease

With timely visit to the doctor, lymphadenitis of the lymph node has a favorable prognosis. Early initiation of treatment allows you to achieve complete recovery, prevent the development of complications and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Due to the lack of a single etiology, there is no specific prevention of lymphadenitis. The following recommendations will help prevent infection:

• Maintain good personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after handling animals and visiting public places.
• Minimize contact with infected patients and visits to crowded places. If there is a sick person in the family, it is necessary to limit contact with him.
• Using only your own hygiene items. Do not use other people’s towels, razors, toothbrushes, etc.
• Strengthening immunity: giving up bad habits, maintaining physical activity, proper nutrition and regular walks in the fresh air.
• Timely treatment of diseases. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
• Vaccination. Timely vaccination helps prevent infections that can cause lymphadenitis. You need to be vaccinated both in childhood and in adulthood.

• Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78
• The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. p.60-62
• Diagnosis and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. p.75-78
• Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. p.90-91
• Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30

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Article published : 2/15/2018
Last updated : 6/15/2023

See also

Chicken pox (chickenpox)

Scarlet fever in adults

Acute bronchitis

Lymphadenitis, inflammation of the lymph nodes – treatment in Krivoy Rog

October 16, 2020

Effective treatment of lymphadenitis in Krivoy Rog Filatova str. Lymphadenitis is an inflammatory disease of the lymph nodes, which is a signal of the development of pathology in a certain part of the body. Inflammation of the lymph nodes can indicate a problem and its localization, so this symptom is considered one of the diagnostic criteria. We recommend timely treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in Krivoy Rog, as well as the underlying disease, providing an expert examination!

Why lymph nodes become inflamed

Lymph is a biological transparent liquid that helps to flush out toxins and viruses, bacteria and dead cells from the human body. Lymph nodes, which act as biofilters, are located throughout the body, and allow lymph to pass through itself, which comes from various organs and parts of the body. Thanks to the work of the lymphatic system, protection against viruses and bacteria increases!

The process of this work can be described quite simply. Lymph washes the cells of organs and tissues, fills the intercellular space. Lymph nodes pump lymph and filter it. Various pathogens and inflammatory agents linger in the lymph nodes and the pure lymph continues to perform its function.

In case of a serious inflammatory process, infection of the body with viruses or bacteria, their concentration in the lymph nodes increases significantly, and inflammation of the lymph nodes, enlargement and sensitivity, become signs of infection, the development of an inflammatory process in organs located nearby. In fact, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck or under the arms is a signal of the body, and not an independent disease!

Experts identify the following types of inflammation of the lymph nodes:
• Nonspecific lymphadenitis, which indicates the development of an allergic reaction, abscesses, toxoplasmosis or periodontitis, the presence of foci of suppuration, advanced carious processes, colds and viral diseases. Lymphadenitis in children can be caused by tonsillitis, otitis media, some skin diseases, or provoked by common flu and SARS;
• Specific lymphadenitis, the causes of which are severe and serious diseases, namely leukemia, tuberculosis, mononucleosis, AIDS and others!

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes, signs of lymphadenitis

• Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, in the groin, as well as in other areas, their visual visibility;
• Painful sensation on palpation, even a light touch, lymph nodes are very sore when pressed;
• Headache and body weakness, lethargy, muscle aches, progressive disability;
• General malaise, fever, drowsiness!

There are cervical lymphadenitis, submandibular and axillary lymphadenitis, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin, under the knees. By the nature of the course – acute lymphadenitis, recurrent and chronic, the nature of the inflammation itself – serous or purulent!

The main symptoms of lymphadenitis, signs of inflammation of the lymph nodes Initially, the patient feels a slight pain in a certain area, which can be aggravated by palpation. The development of inflammation causes an increase and compaction of the node or their group, as well as subsequent pain during movement, loss of the contours of the lymph node, signs of general intoxication – weakness, poor appetite, fever and fever. Already at the initial stages, when discomfort is felt in a certain area, you should consult a doctor. If there is a suspicion of lymphadenitis, it is better to start treatment immediately, by establishing the causes!

Severe lymph node disease without treatment leads to a progressive loss of protective function, due to which the infection spreads throughout the body, causing a general infection. It is very important to get the doctor’s recommendations and start the treatment of lymphadenitis on time. The medicines prescribed by the specialist must be taken according to the scheme, you can also purchase analogues, but only approved by the doctor. Treatment of an established disease is carried out with an impact on the causes, and not the elimination of symptoms. Therefore, if the lymph nodes in the neck hurt, the nodes in the armpits or groin hurt, there is redness and swelling, and the temperature rises, do not ignore this condition. Make an appointment with a doctor, go through an examination and examination, and get the appropriate prescriptions – medicines for lymph nodes, strengthening therapy, vitamins, treatment of an infectious inflammatory process!

What does inflammation of the lymph nodes indicate: diseases

Lymphadenopathy – swollen lymph nodes, as well as lymphadenitis – inflammation of the lymph nodes, are almost always synchronized. These conditions may indicate the development of a certain infectious, inflammatory process, exacerbation of the chronicle against the background of individual conditions. But it is worth differentiating pathological processes depending on the belonging of the lymph nodes to groups and their immediate localization:
• Lymph nodes of the neck and head: cervical lymph nodes, submandibular, occipital, and chin;
• Breast lymph nodes: upper diaphragmatic, subclavian and supraclavicular lymph nodes, peristernal, as well as intercostal and prevertebral;
• Lymph nodes of the upper extremities: elbow and axillary lymph nodes;
• Lymph nodes of the lower extremities: inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes;
• As well as pelvic and abdominal nodes: iliac, mesenteric and lumbar!

Lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis nodes of a separate group are very likely to speak of a purely exceptional disease of a certain nature and in a certain area:
throat, ear. The cervical lymph nodes are inflamed and hurt with otitis media and tonsillitis, during influenza and SARS;
• Inflamed submandibular nodes after dental treatment or in case of an inflammatory process in the throat. Lymphadenitis of the submandibular nodes up to 20-30% of cases indicate pathologies of the respiratory system;
• Axillary lymphadenitis speaks of inflammation in the mammary gland. The causes are colds, allergies, malfunction of the sweat glands, furunculosis, but also infections and oncological processes. The lymph nodes in the armpits hurt with furunculosis, intoxication, as a reaction to medications;
• If the lymph nodes of the elbow are enlarged and inflamed – infections of the tissues of the forearm or hand, as well as open wounds and purulent inflammations, animal bite disease, chronic pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Often, the cause of pain in the elbow lymph nodes is physical exertion, overwork, mechanical trauma;
• Inguinal lymph nodes hurt and become inflamed in diseases of the genital organs and genitourinary system: chronic cystitis and prostatitis, venereal diseases. Inguinal lymphadenitis occurs with the development of pathologies of the digestive system, with mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, in the case of tuberculosis, or in the process of developing a hernia. Lymph nodes in the groin hurt during hypothermia, which may be followed by an inflammatory process of the urogenital area;
• Inflammation of the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity – appendicitis, mesadenitis, perforated ulcer, acute cholecystitis or pancreatitis, lymph nodes are very sore with peritonitis;
• Inflammation and enlargement of several groups of lymph nodes provoke arthritis, chickenpox, lupus erythematosus, typhoid and tuberculosis, as well as other complex autoimmune and infectious diseases;
• Enlargement and inflammation of all lymph nodes, complex lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy, according to many experts, causes AIDS;
• Group or complex inflammation can also be triggered by a systemic allergic reaction or hypersensitivity of the body to certain groups of medicines!

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and under the jaw, in the armpits or in the groin, requires increased attention to the problem. This is not just an uncomfortable condition when a lymph node hurts under your arm or near your throat, and you are minimally limited in movement. This is a real inflammatory process that affects individual organs and systems, and if you do not see a doctor in time, the development of the disease and the corresponding complications is possible. Lymphadenitis is a serious indicator of a disease with quite active health risks in the future. Only a quarter of cases pass without consequences, therefore, if the lymph node hurts, is enlarged and well palpable, you feel general malaise and the temperature rises, contact the specialists. It is important to undergo an examination, and not just get medication for lymph nodes, or rather, a course of treatment for lymphadenitis, but also a direct diagnosis, which is necessary to understand the individual course and develop a targeted therapy regimen!

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis, what are the causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Expert diagnosis of lymphadenitis, determination of the underlying disease You should urgently consult a doctor if:
• You have noticed not only inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, but also found lesions behind the ears, in the armpit and other areas;
• The inflammatory process affects the swallowing function, it interferes with moving the neck, talking;
• The skin over the nodes is hot, reddened, pulsation is felt on palpation;
• Lymph nodes are immobile at the moment of pressure, inflammation lasts more than 7-8 days!

At the Mediton Clinic, specialists will conduct a differential diagnosis in order to accurately determine the disease that caused the inflammation!

For help, we recommend contacting a general practitioner, but also an ENT specialist, an allergist, an infectious disease specialist. The doctor will perform an external examination, palpation of the lymph nodes, prescribe a blood test and ultrasound for the initial assessment and treatment, or additional tests and studies to clarify the diagnosis and exclude certain pathologies and diseases!

Inflammation of the lymph nodes – treatment of lymphadenitis in Krivoy Rog

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpits, behind the ears or on the neck in the submandibular area, under the knees and in the groin is well treated with timely treatment. Professional appointments contribute to the rapid removal of pain, systemic reduction of inflammation and the impact on the underlying disease, which has been established.

The following medications for lymph nodes may be prescribed: antibiotics, analgesics, antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs. It is required to create a state of rest for the patient, proper vitamin therapy, measures that accompany strengthening the body’s immunity and restoring the full protective function!

One of the important measures to limit the patient in the process of treating lymph nodes is the exclusion of their constant independent probing. No need to press the lymph nodes, check the mobility, shape and size, compare them with each other. If the lymph nodes hurt, the treatment is prescribed and you follow the course, the inflammation will soon pass!

Prevention of lymphadenitis

It is very important to strengthen the immune system, harden the body, try to protect yourself from seasonal diseases, especially if the body is weakened by allergies, has a tendency to catch colds.

Lymphadenitis is a secondary disease, the body’s response to infection and internal pathogen attacks. Therefore, it is important to eat right, limiting harmful products, the so-called food waste, and focusing on healthy vitamin products.

In addition, go in for sports, take a walk in the evenings before going to bed, adjust sleep patterns and get rid of bad habits, treat mechanical damage to the skin in time. It is the care of one’s own health that will not give the inflammatory process the opportunity to develop.