What is itraconazole used for? What should you know before taking itraconazole? How to take itraconazole properly. Can itraconazole cause any problems?

Understanding Itraconazole for Fungal Infections

Itraconazole, sold under the brand name Sporanox, is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It works by killing yeast and fungi that can cause infections in the skin, mouth, or vagina. Itraconazole can also be used to treat more serious internal fungal infections that occur when the immune system is weakened, such as in individuals undergoing chemotherapy or those with HIV/AIDS.

Before Taking Itraconazole

Before starting itraconazole treatment, it’s important that your doctor is aware of certain medical conditions or other medications you may be taking. Specifically, you should inform your doctor if you:

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Have liver or kidney problems
• Have any heart or lung conditions
• Have a rare inherited blood disorder called porphyria
• Have had any allergic reactions to medications in the past
• Are taking any other medicines, including over-the-counter or herbal remedies

How to Take Itraconazole Properly

It’s important to take itraconazole exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Typically, this involves taking one or two capsules or 10-20 ml of liquid medicine once or twice daily. If taking capsules, they should be swallowed whole after a meal and washed down with a slightly acidic drink like non-diet cola. For the liquid formulation, it should be taken at least an hour before or two hours after meals.

The duration of treatment can range from a day or two to several months, depending on the type and severity of the fungal infection. It’s crucial to complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is completely cleared.

Getting the Most from Your Itraconazole Treatment

To maximize the effectiveness of your itraconazole treatment, be sure to attend all scheduled appointments with your doctor. They may want to monitor your progress and conduct periodic blood tests to ensure your liver is functioning properly.

You must also use effective contraception during itraconazole treatment and for a few weeks afterward, as the medication can harm a developing fetus. Discuss suitable contraceptive options with your doctor.

When taking itraconazole, avoid antacids, as they can interfere with the absorption of the medication. If you need to take an antacid, do so at least two hours before or after your itraconazole dose.

Potential Side Effects of Itraconazole

Like most medications, itraconazole can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. More serious side effects, such as liver damage or heart rhythm problems, are less common but can occur, especially in those with pre-existing medical conditions.

If you experience any concerning side effects while taking itraconazole, it’s important to inform your doctor immediately. They may need to adjust your dosage or consider alternative treatment options.

Proper Storage and Handling of Itraconazole

Itraconazole capsules and liquid formulations should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Do not refrigerate or freeze the medication. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.

Once opened, the liquid formulation of itraconazole has a limited shelf life, typically around 4-6 weeks. Be sure to discard any unused portion after this time to ensure the medication remains effective and safe to use.

Key Takeaways

Itraconazole is a powerful antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections, from skin and mouth infections to more serious internal fungal diseases. It’s important to take itraconazole exactly as prescribed, complete the full course of treatment, and be mindful of potential interactions with other medications or medical conditions. By following the proper instructions and guidelines, you can maximize the effectiveness of your itraconazole treatment and minimize the risk of side effects.

Itraconazole for fungal infections – Sporanox

Itraconazole for fungal infections

Sporanox

In this article

• About itraconazole
• Before taking itraconazole
• How to take itraconazole
• Getting the most from your treatment
• Can itraconazole cause problems?
• How to store itraconazole
• Important information about all medicines

About itraconazole

Many types of fungi live harmlessly on our skin and in other places in the environment. However, some types of fungi can thrive and multiply on the surface of our bodies to cause infections of the skin, mouth or vagina. The most common fungi to cause skin infections are the tinea group of fungi. A common infection of the mouth and vagina is called thrush. It is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast (which is a type of fungus) called candida.

Fungal infections sometimes occur within the body as well. You are more at risk of developing an internal fungal infection if your immune system does not work properly. For example, if you are having chemotherapy, or if you are taking medicines for rheumatic disease, or if you have HIV/AIDS. Internal fungal infections can be serious.

Itraconazole is used to treat fungal infections. It works by killing yeast and fungi.

Before taking itraconazole

Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions, and sometimes a medicine may only be used if extra care is taken. For these reasons, before you start taking itraconazole it is important that your doctor knows:

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• If you have liver or kidney problems.
• If you have any heart or lung problems.
• If you have a rare inherited blood disorder called porphyria.
• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine.
• If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

How to take itraconazole

• Before you start this treatment, read the manufacturer’s printed information leaflet from inside your pack. The manufacturer’s leaflet will give you more information about itraconazole and a full list of side-effects which you may experience from taking it.
• Take itraconazole exactly as your doctor tells you to. Your doctor is likely to prescribe one or two capsules (or 10-20 ml of liquid medicine), to be taken once or twice daily. If you are asked to take two doses a day, space the doses out by taking one of the doses in the morning and the other in the evening. The directions will be printed on the label of the pack to remind you what the doctor has said.
• If you have been given itraconazole capsules, take each of your doses straight after a meal. Swallow the capsules whole – do not chew or open them. They are best taken with a slightly acidic drink, such as a non-diet cola.
• If you have been given itraconazole liquid medicine, take your doses at least an hour before meals or wait until two hours afterwards. If you are taking the medicine for a mouth infection, swish the liquid around your mouth for a little while before you swallow it.
• A course of treatment with itraconazole may last from a day or so, to several months. Keep taking the medicine until your course has finished unless you are told otherwise. This is to make sure your infection has completely gone and to prevent it from coming back.
• If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is nearly time for your next dose, in which case leave out the missed dose. Do not take two doses together to make up for a missed dose.

Getting the most from your treatment

• Try to keep your regular appointments with your doctor. This is so your doctor can check on your progress. Your doctor may want to do some blood tests during your treatment to check that your liver is working properly.
• You must not get pregnant while you are taking itraconazole, or for a few weeks afterwards. Make sure you have discussed with your doctor which types of contraception are suitable for you and your partner if this affects you.
• If you buy any medicines, check with a pharmacist that they are suitable to take with itraconazole. Indigestion remedies (antacids) should not be taken at the same time as itraconazole, as they prevent it from being absorbed properly by your body. If you need to take an antacid, take it at least two hours before a dose of itraconazole is due, or wait until two hours afterwards.

Can itraconazole cause problems?

Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with itraconazole. You will find a full list in the manufacturer’s information leaflet supplied with your medicine. The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Important: your doctor will discuss with you the possibility of less common but more serious side-effects, such as problems with your liver. You must contact your doctor straightaway if you experience any of the following:

• Persistent sickness (vomiting) or stomach pain.
• Unusual tiredness.
• Loss of appetite.
• Darker than normal urine.

If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to the medicine, discuss them with your doctor or pharmacist.

How to store itraconazole

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.
• Once a bottle of Sporanox® Oral liquid has been opened it will keep for 30 days – after this time, make sure you have a fresh supply. It is a good idea to write on the label the date you opened the bottle.

Important information about all medicines

• Manufacturer’s PIL, Sporanox® Capsules; Janssen-Cilag Ltd, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated September 2021.

• Manufacturer’s PIL, Sporanox® 10 mg/ml Oral Solution; Janssen-Cilag Ltd, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated October 2021.

• Medicines Complete BNF 85th Edition; British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London.

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Thrush in women symptoms and fast and effective treatment

Publication date: 11/13/2020

Antibiotics in capsulesAntibiotics in tabletsFor immunityThrushPrebiotics, probiotics and symbioticsImmunity strengthening

Author of the article

Polina Mikhailovna Galkina,

Gynecologist-endocrinologist

All authors

Article content

• What is thrush?
• Signs of thrush in women, symptoms
• What causes thrush, causes in women, men and children
• Features of the diagnosis of the disease
• Thrush: how to treat women?
• Thrush during pregnancy
• Thrush and its treatment, quickly and effectively
• How to cure thrush

What is thrush?

Thrush, or vaginal candidiasis, is one of the most common gynecological diseases. Although it is considered “feminine”, awareness of the pathology is useful for men too. The disease occurs in different age categories, and is sometimes diagnosed even in children. Treatment of thrush depends on a number of individual characteristics and the nature of the course. But, in any case, the therapy is selected by the doctor after the diagnosis and clarification of the causes of candidiasis.

Thrush is a type of fungal infection. The causative agent is the yeast-like fungus Candida. They are conditionally pathogenic: they are present in the normal microflora in the oral cavity, rectum and vagina. The disease develops with excessively active growth and activity of fungi.

“Favorite” place of localization of thrush – the female vagina. The disease has a tendency to relapse. Women suffering from this problem face exacerbations with each decrease in immunity. And although most are familiar with the tactics of treating thrush at home, with an increase in symptoms, you should consult a gynecologist.

Men do not have the classic disease, but candidiasis can also affect them. The foreskin and glans penis are involved in the pathological process, resulting in candidal balanoposthitis.

Contrary to popular belief, the development of candidiasis is not associated with sexual intercourse. And although fungi are transmitted during sexual intercourse, the pathology is not a sexually transmitted disease. With a stable immune system, a person will not develop thrush.

To determine which medicine helps with thrush, it is important to find out the form of the pathology. Acute candidiasis is manifested by severe symptoms and can bother up to two months. The chronic form lasts more than two months with a minimum set of manifestations. The carriage of the fungus is hidden, and the fungi are detected during the examination.

Signs of thrush in women, symptoms

Symptoms of acute candidiasis are pronounced.

Symptoms of thrush in women:

• severe itching of the vulva;
• redness of the skin in the groin and mucous membranes of the vulva;
• pain during intercourse;
• pain when urinating.

Thrush is easily identified by the nature of the vaginal discharge. They differ in abundance, curdled texture and a pronounced sour smell.

Symptoms of candidiasis in men:

• itching of the foreskin;
• burning;
• redness of the skin of the penis;
• white coating;
• pain during intercourse and urination.

In children, fungal infections are more likely to affect the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the appearance of foci covered with a white coating. Touching them causes pain, so children often refuse to eat. How to treat thrush in children – the pediatrician decides after confirming the diagnosis.

What causes thrush, causes in women, men and children

The causes of thrush should be known before starting therapy. The etiology, as well as the symptoms, differs in women, men and children.

The following factors can provoke vaginal candidiasis:

• imbalance of the microflora in the vagina;
• hormonal changes;
• taking oral contraceptives;
• excess of simple carbohydrates in the diet;
• consequences of surgical interventions;
• use of synthetic underwear;
• immunosuppression;
• chronic sexual infections;
• taking antibiotics.

The answer to the question “how to quickly cure thrush?” lies in finding the true cause of the pathology. It is useless to act only on the symptoms if the hormonal background is destabilized and the immune system is reduced. In this situation, a rapid relapse is inevitable, and the treatment will drag on for a long time.

Provocateurs of candidiasis in men differ from women.

These include:

• stress;
• immunosuppression;
• endocrine diseases;
• anemia;
• oncological processes in the body;
• hypovitaminosis.

Sometimes candidiasis develops on the background of hypothermia, after a course of antibiotics, while taking nonsteroidal drugs, with obesity.

Features of the diagnosis of the disease

How many days thrush will disturb depends on the timeliness of the treatment started. Therefore, special attention is paid to diagnostics. To confirm the diagnosis, the following studies are prescribed:

• microflora smear;
• PCR test for fungus;
• bacterial culture to determine the pathogen.

Despite the obvious correspondence of the symptoms of the pathology, it is impossible to make a diagnosis on your own. To assess the general state of health and the etiological factors of thrush in a particular case is only possible for a doctor. Only after studying the medical history and conducting research will you select the appropriate pills for thrush.

Thrush: how to treat women?

Diagnosed thrush requires co-treatment of sexual partners. If only one is treated, it will have a record-breaking relapse.

Candidiasis in men is treated by urologists. Often, therapy involves the use of local agents. The doctor prescribes ointments and creams that should be applied to the genitals 2 times a day for a week. Female thrush is treated by gynecologists. Patients are prescribed local and systemic drugs.

You cannot prescribe candles yourself. Some suppositories have antibacterial properties, and the use of antibiotics will further disrupt the vaginal microflora. Thus, instead of a cure, a woman will get an aggravation of the disease. You should also not count on a quick result and look for answers on how to cure thrush in one day. Therapy of candidiasis is long and complex, and in a day it is not even possible to eliminate the symptoms.

Thrush, which developed on the background of antibiotic therapy, requires discontinuation of drugs. Therefore, a woman should consult with her doctor about alternative treatment options for the underlying disease.

When taking antibiotics, a woman should prevent thrush:

• rationalize nutrition;
• pay special attention to intimate hygiene;
• start taking probiotics.

Avoid wearing synthetic and tight underwear, especially when the risk of candidiasis is higher than usual.

Thrush in the mouth of children is treated by a pediatrician. At the same time, increased attention is also paid to hygiene and preventive measures.

Thrush during pregnancy

Self-treatment of thrush is especially dangerous during pregnancy. Only the attending physician can assess which drug will not adversely affect the development of the fetus. Usually, topical agents are used during pregnancy.

Thrush and its treatment, quickly and effectively

For those who are faced with the disease, it is important to know how to cure thrush forever, and whether it is possible. The main rule is to bring the therapy to the end, following all the recommendations of the doctor and acting in a comprehensive manner. To do this, you need to drink a course of itraconazoles or fluconazoles, probiotics, immunomodulators. It is important to normalize the state of immunity and hormonal levels, cure chronic infections, and reorganize lifestyle. It is imperative to work on intimate hygiene and choose products that do not violate the microflora of the vagina.

How to cure thrush

Treatment of thrush at home using folk remedies is ineffective by itself. But with the permission of the doctor, they can be introduced into the treatment regimen in addition to drug therapy. Women often use special baths and douches.

They are prepared from:

• marigold and tea tree extract;
• oak bark;
• nettles;
• chamomile;
• sage;
• honey.

Timely diagnosis and treatment coordinated with the doctor will quickly relieve you of the symptoms of candidiasis and prevent recurrence. Refuse self-medication and visit a specialized doctor.

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STDs in men and women: decoding, symptoms, treatment, prevention, list of tests and making an appointment with a doctor

STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) are a category of diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. As a result, not only the genitals are affected, but the entire body. Today, sexually transmitted diseases are quite common. This is due to the early onset of sexual relations among young people and the frequent change of partners.

The spread of disease is also facilitated by the use of hormonal and other contraceptives, which are increasingly replacing condoms. Professional and comprehensive treatment of sexually transmitted diseases allows you to quickly return to your usual way of life and forget about the unpleasant experience.

STD classification

All sexually transmitted diseases are divided into several groups:

• Fungal infections. The most popular is candidiasis. Infection is predominantly those people who often use antibiotics, suffer from reduced immunity and other concomitant pathologies
• Viral infections. These include HIV, hepatitis B, genital herpes, molluscum contagiosum, etc.
• Bacterial infections. These diseases are also very dangerous for human health and life. These include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, etc.
• Parasitic lesions. The most common of these are pubic lice and scabies

Methods of transmission of STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases can be spread through vaginal, oral, or anal contact. Genital herpes, for example, can be contracted even by simple skin-to-skin contact (if there is even a small injury on it).

Signs of disease

The main symptoms of STDs in women and men include:

• Itching, rash in the intimate area and redness
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Painful urination
• Discomfort and pain in the groin or lower abdomen
• Change in the nature of discharge from the genitals
• Discomfort during intimacy

Each of the pathologies has a number of signs that are characteristic of it.

If you notice any unpleasant symptoms, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible, undergo an examination and take tests.

Most common STDs

Common diseases include:

• Chlamydia. The disease is transmitted only sexually. In the early stages of the pathological process, there are almost always no symptoms. As men develop, they suffer from cutting pain during the act of ejaculation and urination. Symptoms are provoked by inflammation of the epididymis and urethra. In women, the infection may not manifest itself at all, while it often becomes the cause of ectopic pregnancy and infertility
• Hepatitis B. This infectious disease leads to the destruction of liver cells. Pathology is dangerous because it can be asymptomatic for a long time and, with development, become the cause of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Infection is possible not only through sexual contact, but also at home, during injections, etc.
• Candidiasis (“thrush”). This disease is caused by yeast-like fungi, which can be actively multiplied by hypothermia, stress, hormonal changes (including during pregnancy) and other factors
• Trichomoniasis. This disease also does not manifest itself in the early stages. With the development of pathology, men complain of burning in the urethra and discharge from the penis, and women suffer from both discharge with an unpleasant odor and cutting pain during sexual intercourse
• Gonorrhea. This pathology occurs mainly in young people. In men, symptoms appear as early as 1-2 days after infection and manifest as painful and frequent urination, as well as profuse purulent discharge from the urethra. Women suffer from pain during intercourse and spotting. Patients also complain of a general deterioration in their condition
• Genital herpes. Within 1-2 days after contact, small bubbles appear on the genitals, which cause itching. After a while, the bubbles turn into sores. Patients complain of fever and swollen lymph nodes
• Syphilis. The first symptoms of this STD appear 8-12 days after infection. Rashes appear on the genitals. Also, a rash can form on the fingers and in the mouth. Often, patients note an increase in the cervical and inguinal (mainly) lymph nodes. Pathology is dangerous for a number of its complications, which include even meningitis
• Ureaplasmosis. Symptoms of pathology appear 2-3 weeks after infection. Patients complain of burning sensation during urination and cloudy discharge from the genitals. The fair sex suffers from pain in the lower abdomen. If this STD is not treated, women experience complications such as cystitis, colpitis, endometritis, etc.
• HPV (human papillomavirus). The disease can proceed without symptoms or provoke the formation of papillomas (both on the genitals and on other parts of the body)
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This disease is the most dangerous in this category. Its first signs appear after a long time (from 3 weeks to 3 months) and only at the stage of manifestation of the pathological process. Patients complain of headaches, loss of appetite, chronic weakness and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Infection can be suspected with angina that does not go away for a long time. In the absence of adequate treatment of this STD, a number of concomitant pathologies arise in men and women: candidiasis, herpes, tuberculosis, etc. AIDS gradually develops

Diagnostics

Testing for STDs includes:

• Blood tests
• Special tests
• Swabs and cultures for microflora
• DNA diagnostics

You should consult a doctor at the first sign of a sexually transmitted infection. Men should make an appointment with a urologist and women with a gynecologist. Dermatovenereologists also provide assistance to patients with STDs. The doctor will conduct an examination and determine the list of tests that will need to be passed.

Important! As a rule, the examination is complex. This is due to the fact that there is no single universal diagnostic method, and the symptoms of many diseases are similar. The most accurate method of research is PCR. This method allows you to identify even hidden diseases, which are characterized by a course without any symptoms.

Additionally, a consultation with other doctors is often prescribed: an immunologist, a dermatologist, a proctologist, an ophthalmologist, etc. This is due to the fact that STDs affect the joints, skin, circulatory system and organs of vision.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor!

Therapy

Treatment of STDs in women and men always involves an individual approach.

The following types of therapy are used:

• Immunostimulating
• Antiviral
• Antibacterial
• Vitamin therapy
• Physiotherapy

Patients are prescribed both drugs in the form of tablets and capsules, as well as suppositories, gels, creams and ointments. In some cases, a course of injections and droppers is recommended.

Effective treatment of STDs in men and women involves not only the elimination of symptoms and is aimed not only at the genitals, but also at correcting the general condition of the body as a whole. The duration of therapy varies depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and its individual characteristics. It usually takes 10-12 days.

Prophylaxis

The main methods of preventing STDs that prevent the need for further treatment are the use of reliable contraceptives (condoms), the rejection of promiscuity and a trusting relationship with a regular partner.