Mean Age of Menopause: Understanding Menopause and Its Impact

02.10.202307.07.2023 by alexxlab

What is menopause? How does it affect women’s health and well-being? Discover the key facts about this natural transition in a woman’s life.

Defining Menopause: The Menopausal Transition

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life, marked by the cessation of menstrual periods. It is not a disease or disorder, but rather a transition that women typically experience between the ages of 45 and 55. The years leading up to this point, when women may experience changes in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other symptoms, are known as the menopausal transition or perimenopause.

The menopausal transition is characterized by fluctuations in the body’s production of estrogen and progesterone, the two key hormones produced by the ovaries. This hormonal fluctuation can result in a variety of physical and emotional symptoms, which can vary greatly among individual women.

The Unique Experience of Menopause

No two women experience the menopausal transition in the same way. The duration of this transition can range from 7 to 14 years, depending on factors such as lifestyle, age of onset, and racial or ethnic background. Some women may sail through this transition with little to no trouble, while others may face more severe symptoms that can significantly impact their daily lives.

Common symptoms of the menopausal transition include changes in menstrual patterns, hot flashes, trouble sleeping, pain during sex, moodiness, and irritability. However, the severity and combination of these symptoms can vary greatly from woman to woman.

Diagnosing and Managing Menopausal Symptoms

If you are experiencing symptoms that are common during menopause, your healthcare provider may ask about your age, symptoms, and family history to determine if the menopausal transition is the underlying cause. In some cases, a blood test to check your follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels may be recommended to rule out other potential causes.

Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your healthcare provider may suggest lifestyle changes, such as avoiding caffeine or using a portable fan, or they may recommend medication to help manage your symptoms. The key is to work closely with your healthcare provider to find the best approach for your individual needs.

Navigating the Postmenopausal Years

After the menopausal transition is complete, women enter the postmenopausal stage of life. During this time, they become more vulnerable to certain health conditions, such as heart disease and osteoporosis. It is important for postmenopausal women to continue to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate calcium intake, to support their overall health and well-being.

Menopause and Hormonal Changes

Estrogen is a vital hormone that is used by many parts of a woman’s body. As a woman’s estrogen levels decrease during the menopausal transition, she may experience a variety of symptoms related to this hormonal change. The severity of these symptoms can be influenced by factors such as race, ethnicity, and individual physiology.

Irregular Periods and Other Menstrual Changes

One of the first signs of the menopausal transition is often changes in the menstrual cycle. A woman’s periods may become irregular, shorter or longer in duration, or involve heavier or lighter bleeding. While these changes are generally normal, it is important for women to consult with their healthcare provider if they experience significant changes in their menstrual patterns.

Managing Menopause-Related Symptoms

For some women, the symptoms of the menopausal transition can be mild and manageable with lifestyle adjustments. However, for others, the symptoms may be more severe and require medical intervention. Fortunately, there are various treatment options available, including hormone therapy, medication, and non-hormonal approaches, that can help alleviate menopausal symptoms and support overall health and well-being.

The key to navigating the menopausal transition is to work closely with your healthcare provider, communicate your experiences and concerns, and explore the treatment options that are best suited to your individual needs and preferences.

What Is Menopause? | National Institute on Aging

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Larissa is experiencing the menopausal transition, a normal part of aging for women. Menopause is not a disease or disorder. This time in a woman’s life is often full of other transitions in addition to physical ones: Women may be caring for aging parents or relatives, supporting their children as they move into adulthood, or taking on new responsibilities at work.

Some women don’t have any trouble with menopausal symptoms and may even feel relieved when they no longer need to worry about painful periods or getting pregnant. For other women, the menopausal transition can bring hot flashes, trouble sleeping, pain during sex, moodiness and irritability, depression, or a combination of these symptoms. Some may decide to talk with their doctor about lifestyle changes or medications to treat their symptoms.

Understanding the menopausal transition

Menopause is a point in time 12 months after a woman’s last period. The years leading up to that point, when women may have changes in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other symptoms, are called the menopausal transition or perimenopause.

The menopausal transition most often begins between ages 45 and 55. It usually lasts about seven years but can be as long as 14 years. The duration can depend on lifestyle factors such as smoking, age it begins, and race and ethnicity. During perimenopause, the body’s production of estrogen and progesterone, two hormones made by the ovaries, varies greatly.

The menopausal transition affects each woman uniquely and in various ways. The body begins to use energy differently, fat cells change, and women may gain weight more easily. You may experience changes in your bone or heart health, your body shape and composition, or your physical function.

Is it menopause?

If you are having symptoms that are common during menopause, your doctor may ask questions about your age, symptoms, and family history to determine if it really is the menopausal transition causing your problems. In some cases, your doctor may suggest a blood test to check your follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels to rule out any other causes for the changes you’re experiencing.

Read and share this infographic about staying healthy during and after menopause.

While the menopausal transition may commonly be referred to as “menopause,” true menopause doesn’t happen until one year after a woman’s final menstrual period. For that reason, a woman who does not want to get pregnant should continue to use birth control for at least a full 12 months after her last period.

Menopause can also be triggered by a hysterectomy or surgical removal of the ovaries, which produce hormones. If you have surgery to remove your uterus or ovaries and are not taking hormones, you will experience symptoms of menopause immediately.

After menopause, women enter postmenopause. Postmenopausal women are more vulnerable to heart disease and osteoporosis. During this time, it is important to continue to eat a healthy diet, be active, and make sure you get enough calcium for optimal bone health.

What are the signs and symptoms of menopause?

Estrogen is used by many parts of a woman’s body. As levels of estrogen decrease, you could have various symptoms. Many women experience mild symptoms that can be treated by lifestyle changes such as avoiding caffeine or carrying a portable fan. Some women don’t require any treatment at all, but for others, symptoms can be more severe. The severity of symptoms varies greatly around the world and by race and ethnicity.

Here are the most common changes you might notice at midlife. Some may be part of aging rather than directly related to menopause.

Change in your period. This might be what you notice first. Your periods may no longer be regular. They may be shorter or last longer. You might bleed more or less than usual. These are all normal changes, but to make sure there isn’t a problem, see your doctor if:

Your periods happen very close together.
You have heavy bleeding.
You have spotting.
Your periods last more than a week.
Your periods resume after no bleeding for more than a year.

Hot flashes. Many women have hot flashes, which can last for many years after menopause. They may be related to changing estrogen levels. A hot flash is a sudden feeling of heat in the upper part or all of your body. Your face and neck may become flushed. Red blotches may appear on your chest, back, and arms. Heavy sweating and cold shivering can follow. Hot flashes can be very mild or strong enough to wake you up (called night sweats). Most hot flashes last between 30 seconds and 10 minutes. They can happen several times an hour, a few times a day, or just once or twice a week. Find information on managing hot flashes in Hot Flashes: What Can I Do?

Bladder control. A loss of bladder control is called incontinence. You may have a sudden urge to urinate, or urine may leak during exercise, sneezing, or laughing. The first step in treating incontinence is to see a doctor. Bladder infections also can occur in midlife.

Sleep. Around midlife, some women start having trouble getting a good night’s sleep. Maybe you can’t fall asleep easily, or you wake too early. Night sweats might wake you up. And if you wake up during the night, you might have trouble falling back to sleep. Learn how to improve your sleep during the menopausal transition and beyond in Sleep Problems and Menopause: What Can I Do?

Vaginal health and sexuality. After menopause, the vagina may become drier, which can make sexual intercourse uncomfortable. Read about options for addressing vaginal pain during sex in Sex and Menopause: Treatment for Symptoms. You may also find that your feelings about sex are changing. You could be less interested, or you could feel freer and sexier because after one full year without a period, you can no longer become pregnant. However, you could still be at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea or HIV/AIDS. Your risk for an STD increases if you have sex with more than one person or with someone who has sex with others. If so, make sure your partner uses a condom each time you have sex.

Mood changes. You might feel moodier or more irritable around the time of menopause. Scientists don’t know why this happens. It’s possible that stress, family changes such as growing children or aging parents, a history of depression, or feeling tired could be causing these mood changes. Talk with your primary care provider or a mental health professional about what you’re experiencing. There are treatments available to help.

Your body seems different. Your waist could get larger. You could lose muscle and gain fat. Your skin could become thinner. You might have memory problems, and your joints and muscles could feel stiff and achy. Researchers are exploring such changes and how they relate to hormones and growing older.

In addition, for some women, symptoms may include aches and pains, headaches, and heart palpitations. Follow up with a doctor. Because menopausal symptoms may be caused by changing hormone levels, it is unpredictable how often women will experience symptoms and how severe they will be.

My Menoplan Tool
My Menoplan is an evidence-based online resource developed by NIA-funded researchers to help people learn about the symptoms and treatments of menopause and create a personalized plan. Learn more on the My Menoplan website.

Treating menopause symptoms: What’s right for me?

Deciding whether and how to treat the symptoms of menopausal transition can be complicated and personal. Discuss your symptoms, family and medical history, and preferences with your doctor. No matter what you decide, see your doctor every year to talk about your treatment plan and discuss any changes you want to make.

Learn about options to help you manage hot flashes, sleep problems, and sex problems during the menopausal transition.

For more information on menopause

Office on Women’s Health
Department of Health and Human Services
800-994-9662
www. womenshealth.gov

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
800-673-8444
[email protected]
www.acog.org

North American Menopause Society
440-442-7550
[email protected]
www.menopause.org

This content is provided by the NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date.

Content reviewed:
September 30, 2021

Sex and Menopause: Treatment for Symptoms

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Some women have vaginal dryness when their bodies experience the menopausal transition. This can make sex painful. Women may also experience a tightening of the vaginal opening, burning, itching, and dryness (called vaginal atrophy). Fortunately, there are options for women to address these issues. Talk with your doctor, who can suggest treatment options.

Sex is becoming painful: What can I do?

Pain during sexual activity is called dyspareunia. Like other symptoms of the menopausal transition, dyspareunia may be minor and not greatly affect a woman’s quality of life. However, some women experience severe dyspareunia that prevents them from engaging in any sexual activity without pain.

Read and share this infographic about staying healthy during and after menopause.

Many find relief from vaginal dryness during sex by using a nonprescription, water-based lubricant, a variety of which can be found at most grocery and drug stores.

Other women try over-the-counter vaginal moisturizers, which are used regularly and not just during sex to replenish moisture and relieve dryness.

Your doctor might suggest prescription hormones. Local vaginal treatments (such as estrogen creams, rings, or tablets) are often used to treat this symptom. These treatments provide lower hormone doses to the rest of the body than a pill or patch.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two nonhormone medications, called ospemifene and prasterone, to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia caused by vaginal changes that occur with menopause. Your doctor can tell you about the risks and benefits of these medications.

Learn more about menopause, and symptoms like hot flashes and sleep problems. You can also visit MyMenoPlan, an evidence-based tool developed by NIA-funded researchers, to learn about treatments and coping strategies and create a personalized plan.

For more information on sex and menopause

Office on Women’s Health
Department of Health and Human Services
800-994-9662
www.womenshealth.gov

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
800-673-8444
[email protected]
www.acog.org

North American Menopause Society
440-442-7550
[email protected]
www.menopause.org

Services & Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Elders (SAGE)
212-741-2247
info@sageusa. org
www.sageusa.org

Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States
202-265-2405
www.siecus.org

This content is provided by the NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date.

Content reviewed:
September 30, 2021

Menopause

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Menopause

[ii] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Aging 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/430). https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Highlights.pdf

[iii] UNAIDS. The Gap Report 2014: People aged 50 years and older. Geneva, Switzerland. (2014). UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/12_Peopleaged50yearsandolder.pdf

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Key Facts

Menopause is one of the stages in a woman’s life cycle that marks the end of reproductive age. After menopause, a woman cannot become pregnant except in rare cases when special fertility treatments are used.
Most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and 55 as a natural part of biological aging.
Menopause occurs as a result of the decline in ovarian follicular function and a decrease in circulating estrogen levels.
The menopausal transition can be gradual. It usually starts with changes in the menstrual cycle. “Perimenopause” means the period that begins with the onset of the first signs and ends one year after the last menstrual period.
Perimenopause can last for several years, affecting physical, emotional, mental and social well-being.
Symptoms of perimenopause can be alleviated with various non-hormonal and hormonal agents .
Menopause may result from surgical or medical procedures.

How does menopause proceed?

For most women, menopause is associated with the cessation of monthly periods (also known as “periods”) due to the decline of ovarian follicular function. This means that the ovaries stop releasing eggs for fertilization.

The regularity and length of the menstrual cycle varies during a woman’s reproductive life, but the age of natural menopause for women worldwide is typically between 45 and 55 years of age.

Natural menopause is considered to occur after the absence of menses for 12 consecutive months without any other obvious physiological or pathological causes and in the absence of clinical intervention.

Some women experience menopause earlier (before age 40). This “premature menopause” may be due to certain chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, or other unknown causes.

It is impossible to predict when a woman will go through menopause, although there are links between the age of menopause and several demographic, medical and genetic factors.

Menopause may also occur as a result of surgery to remove both ovaries or medical interventions that suppress ovarian function (eg, radiation therapy or chemotherapy).

Many women stop menstruating before menopause, such as those who have undergone certain surgeries (hysterectomy or surgical removal of the lining of the uterus) and those who take certain hormonal
contraceptives and other medicines that lead to infrequent or no periods. However, they may experience other changes associated with the menopausal transition.

Changes associated with menopause

Hormonal changes associated with menopause can affect physical, emotional, mental and social well-being. The symptoms experienced during and after the menopausal transition vary significantly from woman to woman. Some have symptoms
practically absent. Others may experience severe symptoms that can affect daily activities and quality of life. Some may experience symptoms for several years.

Symptoms associated with menopause include the following:

hot flashes and night sweats. Hot flashes are sudden sensations of heat in the face, neck, and chest, often accompanied by reddening of the skin, sweating (sweating), rapid heart rate, and intense physical discomfort.
which may last several minutes;
changes in the regularity and course of the menstrual cycle, ending in the cessation of menstruation;
vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse and urinary incontinence;
difficulty sleeping/insomnia; and
mood changes, depression and/or anxiety.

These changes may also affect the composition of body tissues and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The advantage of women over men in terms of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases is gradually decreasing.
not with a significant drop in estrogen levels after menopause. Menopause can also lead to weakening of the pelvic floor structures, which increases the risk of pelvic organ prolapse. Loss of bone density during menopause is significant
a factor contributing to an increase in the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures.

There are a number of non-hormonal and hormonal agents that can help relieve menopausal symptoms. Symptoms that affect health and well-being should be discussed with a healthcare professional to determine available options
their relief, taking into account medical history, values and preferences.

Pregnancy is still possible during perimenopause. To avoid unwanted pregnancy, it is recommended to use contraceptives for 12 consecutive months after the last menstrual period. Pregnancy after menopause without fertility treatment,
involving the use of donor eggs or previously frozen embryos is unlikely.

During perimenopause and after menopause, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, can still be contracted through unprotected sex, including oral, anal, and vaginal sex. Thinning of the walls of the vagina after
menopause increases the chance of damage and ruptures, which increases the risk of HIV transmission through vaginal sex.

The importance of understanding menopause

It is very important to consider menopause as one of the life cycle stages. The state of health of a woman entering the perimenopausal period is largely determined by the previous state of health, reproductive history, lifestyle and factors
environment. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms can be devastating to personal and professional life, and the changes brought about by menopause impact a woman’s health as she ages. Therefore rendering
Perimenopausal health care plays an important role in promoting healthy aging and improving quality of life.

Menopause can be an important transitional period, both socially and biologically. Socially, how a woman experiences menopause can be influenced by gender norms, family and sociocultural factors, including how aging
women and the menopausal transition are accepted in her culture.

The global population of postmenopausal women is growing. In 2021, women aged 50 and over made up 26% of all women and girls in the world. This figure has increased from 22% 10 years earlier[i]. In addition, women’s life expectancy is longer
than in men. In 2019d. women aged 60 worldwide could expect to live an average of 21 more years[ii].

Menopause can be an important opportunity to reassess your health, lifestyle, and goals.

Menopause-related public health issues

Perimenopausal women need access to quality health care and to communities and systems that can support them. Unfortunately, awareness of and access to menopause services remains serious.
problem in most countries. Often, menopause-related issues are not discussed in families, communities, workplaces, and health care settings.

Women may not be aware that the symptoms they experience are associated with menopause and that there are counseling and treatment options available to help relieve discomfort. Women experiencing menopausal symptoms may feel uncomfortable
or shame that prevents them from drawing attention to their experiences and asking for support.

Health care providers may not be trained to recognize perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms and counsel patients about treatment options and health care after the menopausal transition. Currently in programs
The training of many medical professionals has given limited attention to the problem of menopause.

In many countries, the sexual well-being of menopausal women is neglected. This means that common gynecological effects of menopause, including vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse, may remain.
without attention. Similarly, older women may not consider themselves at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, including HIV[iii], and may not receive safe sex or testing advice from their doctors.

Many governments do not have the health policy and funding to include diagnostic, counseling and treatment services for menopause as part of routine services. Menopause services are
presents a particular challenge in the presence of other pressing and competing health financing priorities.

WHO activities

WHO believes that social, psychological and physical health support during the menopausal transition and after menopause should be an integral part of health care. WHO aims to improve understanding of menopause through
following events:

raising awareness of menopause and its impact on women at the individual and community levels, as well as on the health and socioeconomic development of countries;
advocacy for the inclusion of diagnostic, treatment and counseling services for menopausal symptoms in the universal health coverage package;
Promoting the inclusion of menopause education and treatment options in pre-service training programs for health workers; and
promoting a lifelong approach to health and well-being (including sexual health and well-being) by ensuring that women have access to relevant health information and services to promote healthy
aging and a high quality of life before, during and after menopause.

Notes:

and self-identify as women), transgender men and some individuals who do not identify as either male or female are also going through menopause.

In this fact sheet, “women” are referred to according to available data, which usually does not specify gender identity. There is little data available on the experience of menopause among transsexuals and individuals with
gender identity. Transgender people and individuals with different gender identities have their own age-related health needs that clinicians should consider, including referral to specialized
services.

2) Although menopause is not a disease, in this fact sheet what women experience during perimenopause and postmenopause is
called symptoms because it can cause discomfort that affects quality of life.

[i] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2021) World Prospects 2021. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/

[iii] UNAIDS. The Gap Report 2014: People aged 50 years and older. Geneva, Switzerland. (2014). UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/12_Peopleaged50yearsandolder.pdf

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Climax. What is important to know? | Blog

Climacteric syndrome (aka menopause) is a period in a woman’s life during which the work of the ovaries decreases and the amount of hormones they produce decreases. The main result of these physiological processes is the cessation of female reproductive function.

The period of menopause in most women comes after 48-52 years. Its symptoms include hot flashes or sweating, as well as risks of developing serious illnesses. That is why menopause must be kept under control, visit a doctor regularly, and perform prescribed diagnostic procedures.

Stages and types of menopause

Menopause in women does not occur immediately. The climacteric period includes three main stages:

preliminary or pre-menopause. Menstruation does not stop, but ovarian function decreases. The stage lasts up to 2 years;

menopause. Caused by the cessation of menstruation. The beginning of the period is the absence of menstruation for 12 months. Usually occurs at 50-52 years;

postmenopausal. This stage is characterized by a further decrease in female sex hormones until the complete cessation of the functioning of the ovaries.

The duration and timing of these stages are individual and depend on various factors, including the woman’s lifestyle and health status.

Menopause is also distinguished by the severity of manifestations:

first or mild degree. It is characterized by infrequent (up to 10 times a day) hot flashes, which are the main manifestation of menopausal syndrome;

second degree or medium. Symptoms are more pronounced, and hot flashes are not the only manifestation of this condition;

severe or third degree. Signs of menopause are strongly pronounced, not limited to hot flashes, the number and frequency of which is quite large (more than 20 times a day). Working capacity decreases, the general state of health worsens significantly.

Symptoms of menopause

The preliminary stage (before menopause) often occurs without obvious signs. But it also happens vice versa, when a woman is worried about not one, but several symptoms at once. In addition, manifestations can differ significantly in different periods of time.

Early signs of climacteric syndrome include:

hot flashes, goosebumps, sweating;

rapid pulse;

headaches;

pressure surges;

abrupt mood changes;

sleep problems;

memory impairment;

decreased sexual desire.

When menopause occurs, menstruation stops in women. Other signs during this period of development of the syndrome include the following:

dryness of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital and urinary tract;

pain during sex;

urinary incontinence;

muscle and joint pain;

hair loss.

In the future, after menopause, various complications of menopause are possible:

hypertension;

atherosclerosis;

osteoporosis.

Also increases the risk of developing diabetes, hearing, vision and mental abilities are reduced.

In order to prevent these diseases and problems, during menopause, women are advised to regularly visit their doctor in Kyiv, monitor their health and adhere to the prescribed treatment.

Diagnosis of menopause

Diagnostic examinations of climacteric syndrome are carried out by gynecologists of our clinic. They examine and interview the patient, establish the relationship between menopause and various manifestations of menopause. An important diagnostic task is also the identification of concomitant diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc.

During menopause, women may be prescribed various tests, including:

laboratory tests for hormones, lipid spectrum, coagulation;

cytological and microscopic: their purpose is to exclude the presence of atypical cells in the cervix.

To exclude the development of complications of menopause, such types of studies as ultrasound of the pelvic organs, mammography, radiography of bone tissues, ECG are used.

Menopause treatment

Menopause is a physiological process that occurs with age in any woman. Therefore, the therapeutic effect, as a rule, is aimed at minimizing negative manifestations, that is, facilitating the course of menopause. So with a mild degree of the syndrome, special treatment may not be required at all. If there are minor complaints about the general state of health, the following is prescribed:

hormone replacement therapy;

vitamins, especially A, C and group B;

physiotherapy, including massage, exercise therapy, etc.