What is urinary retention. How is urinary retention diagnosed. What are the treatment options for urinary retention. Who is at risk for developing urinary retention. What are the potential complications of urinary retention. How can urinary retention be prevented. When should you seek medical attention for urinary retention.

Understanding Urinary Retention: Definition and Types

Urinary retention is a condition characterized by the inability to completely empty the bladder of urine. This can occur in two primary forms:

• Acute urinary retention: A sudden and complete inability to urinate
• Chronic urinary retention: A gradual decline in the ability to fully empty the bladder

Acute urinary retention is considered a medical emergency, often accompanied by severe pain and discomfort. Chronic urinary retention, on the other hand, may develop slowly over time and can sometimes go unnoticed due to a lack of obvious symptoms.

Is urinary retention a disease? No, urinary retention is not a disease in itself but rather a condition that can result from various underlying health issues. These may include prostate problems in men, cystocele in women, or other medical conditions affecting the urinary system.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Urinary Retention

The prevalence of urinary retention varies significantly between different demographic groups:

• Older men are at the highest risk, with approximately 1 in 10 men over 70 and nearly 1 in 3 men in their 80s experiencing acute urinary retention over a five-year period
• Women have a much lower incidence, with only about 3 in 100,000 developing acute urinary retention annually
• Children rarely experience urinary retention

What factors increase the likelihood of developing urinary retention? Several risk factors can contribute to the development of urinary retention:

• Age: The risk increases significantly with advancing age, especially in men
• Gender: Men are more prone to urinary retention than women
• Prostate problems: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause in older men
• Neurological conditions: Diseases affecting the nervous system can interfere with bladder function
• Medications: Certain drugs, particularly those with anticholinergic effects, can contribute to urinary retention
• Surgery: Procedures involving the pelvic area or spine can sometimes lead to temporary or permanent urinary retention

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Urinary Retention

The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether it is acute or chronic:

Acute Urinary Retention Symptoms

• Sudden inability to urinate
• Severe lower abdominal pain
• Bloating or swelling in the lower abdomen
• Urgent need to urinate but inability to do so

Chronic Urinary Retention Symptoms

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Weak urine stream
• Difficulty starting urination
• Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
• Urinary incontinence

How is urinary retention diagnosed? Healthcare professionals use a combination of methods to diagnose urinary retention:

1. Medical history review
2. Physical examination
3. Postvoid residual urine measurement
4. Laboratory tests (urinalysis, blood tests)
5. Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan)
6. Urodynamic tests
7. Cystoscopy

Treatment Approaches for Urinary Retention

The treatment of urinary retention depends on its type (acute or chronic) and underlying cause. Common treatment options include:

Acute Urinary Retention Treatment

• Catheterization: Immediate bladder drainage using a urinary catheter
• Medications: Alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for prostate-related retention
• Surgical intervention: For severe cases or when other treatments fail

Chronic Urinary Retention Treatment

• Intermittent catheterization
• Medications to improve bladder function or reduce prostate size
• Pelvic floor exercises
• Surgical procedures (e.g., transurethral resection of the prostate for BPH)
• Neuromodulation therapy for neurogenic bladder dysfunction

What is the most effective treatment for urinary retention? The most effective treatment varies depending on the individual case. For acute retention, immediate catheterization is often necessary. For chronic retention, a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and possibly surgical interventions may be recommended.

Complications Associated with Urinary Retention

If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to several serious complications:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Bladder damage
• Kidney damage or failure
• Urinary incontinence
• Sepsis (in severe cases)

Can urinary retention cause permanent damage? Yes, if not addressed promptly, chronic urinary retention can lead to permanent damage to the bladder muscles and kidneys. This underscores the importance of seeking medical attention when symptoms persist.

Prevention Strategies for Urinary Retention

While not all cases of urinary retention can be prevented, certain strategies may help reduce the risk:

• Maintain a healthy prostate through regular check-ups and a balanced diet
• Practice good bladder habits, such as urinating when the urge arises and not holding urine for extended periods
• Stay hydrated but avoid excessive fluid intake, especially before bedtime
• Strengthen pelvic floor muscles through Kegel exercises
• Manage underlying health conditions that may contribute to urinary retention
• Be aware of medication side effects and discuss concerns with healthcare providers

How can you improve bladder health naturally? Incorporating dietary changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying physically active can contribute to better bladder health.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Urinary Problems

Recognizing when to seek medical help is crucial for managing urinary retention effectively:

• Immediate medical attention is required for acute urinary retention (complete inability to urinate)
• Persistent difficulty urinating or feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Blood in urine
• Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort related to urination

Should you go to the emergency room for urinary retention? Yes, if you experience a sudden inability to urinate accompanied by lower abdominal pain, you should seek emergency medical care immediately. Acute urinary retention is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment.

Latest Research and Advancements in Urinary Retention Management

The field of urology continues to advance, bringing new hope for those suffering from urinary retention:

• Minimally invasive surgical techniques: New procedures like UroLift and RezÅ«m are offering alternatives to traditional prostate surgeries for BPH-related retention
• Gene therapy: Researchers are exploring genetic approaches to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction
• Stem cell therapy: Potential regenerative treatments for bladder muscle repair are under investigation
• Improved catheter designs: Innovations in catheter technology aim to reduce infection risks and improve patient comfort
• Neuromodulation advancements: Refined techniques for nerve stimulation show promise in managing certain types of urinary retention

What are the most promising new treatments for urinary retention? While still in various stages of research and development, gene therapy and stem cell treatments show particular promise for addressing the underlying causes of some forms of urinary retention, potentially offering long-term solutions rather than just symptom management.

The ongoing research in urinary retention management underscores the medical community’s commitment to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. As our understanding of the condition grows, so too does the potential for more effective, targeted treatments.

Urinary retention, while often overlooked, can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. By understanding its causes, recognizing its symptoms, and seeking timely medical attention, many cases can be effectively managed or resolved. As research continues to advance, those affected by urinary retention can look forward to an expanding range of treatment options and improved outcomes.

Urinary Retention – NIDDK

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Urinary retention is a condition in which you cannot empty all the urine from your bladder. Urinary retention can be acute—a sudden inability to urinate, or chronic—a gradual inability to completely empty the bladder of urine.

The symptoms of urinary retention can range from severe abdominal pain and the inability to urinate, to few or no symptoms at all. Urinary retention results from either a blockage that partially or fully prevents the flow of urine, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine.

Health care professionals use your medical history, a physical exam, and tests to help find the cause of urinary retention. Tests include postvoid residual urine measurement, lab tests, imaging tests, urodynamic tests, and cystoscopy.

Treatment for urinary retention depends on the type of urinary retention you have—either acute or chronic—and the cause of your urinary retention. Treatments for urinary retention may include draining the bladder, medicines, medical procedures or devices, surgery, and self-care treatments.

You can’t always prevent urinary retention, but by staying in tune with your body and bathroom habits, taking medicine as prescribed, strengthening your pelvic floor muscles, and making good dietary choices, you can help keep your bladder as healthy as possible.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions.

Related NIDDK Conditions & Diseases

• Bladder Control Problems (Urinary Incontinence)
• Bladder Infection (Urinary Tract Infection—UTI) in Adults
• Constipation
• Cystocele
• Kidney Stones

Related Diagnostic Tests

• Cystoscopy & Ureteroscopy
• Urinary Tract Imaging
• Urodynamic Testing

Related Anatomy

• Your Kidneys & How They Work
• Your Urinary Tract & How It Works

Next:
Definition & Facts

This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
(NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.

The NIDDK would like to thank
Steven A. Kaplan, M.D., Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Definition & Facts of Urinary Retention

In this section:

• What is urinary retention?
• How common is urinary retention?
• Who is more likely to develop urinary retention?
• What are the complications of urinary retention?

What is urinary retention?

Urinary retention is a condition in which you are unable to empty all the urine from your bladder. Urinary retention is not a disease, but a condition that may be related to other health problems, such as prostate problems in men or a cystocele in women. Urinary retention can be acute—a sudden inability to urinate at all, or chronic—a gradual inability to empty the bladder.

Acute urinary retention

Acute urinary retention happens suddenly and lasts only a short time. People with acute urinary retention are unable to urinate even though they have a full bladder.

Acute urinary retention can cause severe pain and be life threatening. If you are suddenly unable to urinate, it’s important that you seek emergency medical treatment right away.

Chronic urinary retention

Chronic urinary retention develops over time. People with chronic urinary retention can urinate but cannot completely empty the urine from their bladders. Many people with chronic urinary retention do not know they have the condition because they may not experience any symptoms.

(Left) During normal urine flow, the bladder fills with urine and then empties the urine through the urethra. (Right) When the prostate is enlarged it may push against the urethra and restrict the flow of urine out of the bladder.

How common is urinary retention?

Acute urinary retention is common in older men, and the likelihood of experiencing acute urinary retention increases with age. Over a five-year period, approximately 1 in 10 men over the age of 70 and almost one in three men in their 80s will develop acute urinary retention.¹

Acute urinary retention is much less common in women. Each year, about 3 in 100,000 women develop acute urinary retention.¹ Acute urinary retention in children is rare.

Researchers aren’t sure how common chronic urinary retention is. However, researchers do know that chronic urinary retention affects older men more than any other group.

Who is more likely to develop urinary retention?

Urinary retention affects both men and women, but it occurs more often in men, especially as they get older. Men who have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—a condition in which the prostate gland is enlarged—are more likely to develop urinary retention. As the prostate enlarges, it pushes against the urethra, blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. BPH is a common prostate problem for men older than age 50.

What are the complications of urinary retention?

People who have urinary retention may have complications, including

• Urinary tract infection. When your urinary tract is emptying completely, bacteria that normally enter your urinary tract are flushed out when you urinate. With urinary retention, your urine doesn’t completely flow out, which allows the normally harmless bacteria a chance to multiply and infect your urinary tract. Serious problems can occur if the infection spreads to your kidneys.
• Bladder damage. If urinary retention is not treated, your bladder may become stretched too far or for long periods. When stretched too far or for too long, the muscles in your bladder may become damaged and no longer work correctly.
• Kidney damage. Your urinary tract is designed to have the urine flow from the kidneys, through the ureters, to the bladder, and out the urethra. When you have urinary retention, you aren’t able to empty the urine from your bladder and the urine may back up into your kidneys. Your kidneys can become so full of urine that they swell and press on nearby organs. This pressure can damage your kidneys and in some cases may lead to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.
• Urinary incontinence. When your bladder does not fully empty, it can lead to you leaking urine, called overflow incontinence.

Working with a health care professional to prevent and treat these complications is important for both the health of your urinary tract and your overall health.

Reference

Urological terms – Clinic of Urology №1

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Dictionary of medical terms in the field of Urology. Urology (uro- + Greek logos teaching, science) is a field of clinical medicine that studies the disease of the urinary system, and in men – the reproductive system, developing methods for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Anomalies of development (from the Greek. anomalos – wrong)

– various abnormalities in the structure of human organs, for example, doubling of the kidneys, doubling of the bladder, horseshoe-shaped kidney. Anomalies arise as a result of violations of the embryonic development of the organism, almost half of them are quantity anomalies: the absence of one or two kidneys (rarely), an additional kidney. There are anomalies in size (reduced in size kidney) and shape (lobulated, fused kidney, horseshoe-shaped).

Prostate adenoma or benign paraurethral hyperplasia

– a benign tumor that occurs mainly in elderly men; the main manifestations of the disease are difficulty urinating and urinary incontinence.

Adenomectomy (from Greek aden – gland, -oma – benign tumor, ektome – removal, excision)

– radical removal of prostate adenoma.

Androgens (from Greek andros – man, genesis – origin)

– male sex hormones.

Balanoposthitis (from the Greek balanos – acorn, glans penis, posthe – foreskin and – itis – inflammation)

– simultaneous inflammation of the glans penis and the inner layer of the foreskin.

Biopsy (from Greek bios – life, opsis – visual perception)

– intravital taking of a piece of organ tissue for microscopic examination in order to establish a diagnosis.

Varicocele (from Latin varix – enlarged, tortuous and Greek kele – tumor, hernia)

– varicose veins of the spermatic cord.

Hematuria

– blood in the urine.

Hematocele (from Greek haima – blood, kele – tumor, hernia)

– accumulation of blood between the visceral and parietal layers of the vaginal membrane of the testicle.

Hemospermia (from Greek hamia – blood, sperma – seed)

– the appearance of blood in the semen, which can get there from the affected testicle, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate or urethra.

Genitalia (from Latin generare – to give birth, create, give birth)

– genitals.

Heterosexuality (from Greek heteros – other, Latin sexus – gender)

– traditional sexual orientation to the opposite sex.

Hydronephrosis (from Greek hydro – water, nephros – kidney)

– multifactorial renal pathology associated with impaired urine outflow from the kidney and characterized by an increase in the volume of its cavitary system, impaired renal microcirculation, atrophy of the parenchyma and a progressive decline in the functional ability of the kidney.

Hydrocele – dropsy of the testicular membranes (Greek: hydro – water, kele – tumor, hernia)

– accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the vaginal membrane of the testicle.

Hyperplasia (from Greek hyper – over, plasis – formation) of the prostate gland

– one of the most common diseases of elderly men, characterized by an increase in the mass of prostate tissue, leading to disorders of urination of varying degrees.

Hypoganadism (from Greek hypo – below, below, under, gone – seed, ad – gland) male pituitary system. It is characterized by insufficient secretion (production) of androgens and sometimes a decrease in the size of the gonads.

Hypospadias

– congenital underdevelopment of the urethra, which consists in the absence of its lower wall, and the outer opening of the canal does not open in the usual place (glans penis), but on the lower surface of the penis, scrotum or perineum.

Dysuria (from the Greek dys- – a prefix meaning something strong, bad, ureo – to urinate)

– a large group of disorders of the act of urination associated with diseases of the lower urinary tract, or a violation of their innervation. It is characterized by a change in the frequency of urination, subjective sensations at the same time, the degree of filling and emptying of the bladder.

Diuresis

– the amount of urine excreted by a person for a certain period of time.

Urinary retention

is one of the most common urinary disorders. It can be acute and chronic. Acute urinary retention is characterized by the absence of spontaneous urination. Chronic – the presence of residual urine in the bladder.

Difficulty urinating

– one of the disorders of the act of urination, characterized by a sluggish and thin stream of urine, straining at the same time, a long wait for the first drops and a long act of urination.

Impotence (from Greek im – not, potens – strong, capable, powerful)

– impotence, when a man is not able to have sexual intercourse.

Incontinence or urinary incontinence

Infertility (from the Greek in – not and fertilitas – fertile, fertile)

– inability to fertilize during normal sexual intercourse.

Ischuria (from Greek ishon – obstacle, delay, ureo – to urinate)

– acute urinary retention.

Stone crushing

– destruction of urinary stones with the help of special, often endoscopic, devices.

Stone dissection

– dissection of the urinary organ (bladder, ureter, renal pelvis) and removal of the calculus therefrom.

Kidney carbuncle is a form of acute purulent pyelonephritis.

Urethral catheter (from Greek catheter – probe)

– urological instrument for diverting urine from the bladder and introducing various medicinal substances into it.

Renal colic

– an emergency condition in urological practice, characterized by severe paroxysmal pain in the lumbar region, nausea or vomiting, sometimes dysuria and bradycardia. The cause of renal colic is the existing obstacle to adequate outflow of urine (stone, spasm of the ureter, its compression from the outside, etc.).

Urinary calculus

– urinary calculus.

Contamination (from Latin contaminare – to pollute)

is a general medical term that in urological practice means infection of the genitourinary system, for example, during catheterization.

Contraception (from Latin contra – against and concepcio – conception)

– a system of measures to prevent pregnancy.

Prepuce

– loose and thin, normally easily displaced skin fold covering the glans penis.

Cryptorchidism (from Greek kryptos – hidden, orhys – testicle)

– an anomaly in the development of the male reproductive system, characterized by the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum.

Leukocyturia

– the presence of leukocytes in the urine more than the permissible value (> 8-10 in women and > 6-8 in men).

Libido

– sexual desire.

Lithotomy (from Greek lithos – stone, tome – cutting)

– dissection of the urinary organ (bladder, ureter, renal pelvis) and removal of the calculus.

Lithotripsy (from Greek lithos – stone, tribo – crush, grind)

– destruction of urinary stones with the help of special, often endoscopic, devices.

Macrohematuria

– blood in the urine determined without special laboratory research methods (visually).

Microhematuria

– blood in the urine is not detectable by eye, but detected in a laboratory test by the presence of erythrocytes.

Miction

– act of urination.

Monorchism (from the Greek monos – one, only, orhis – testicle)

– anomaly in the development of the testicles, when one of them is missing. Not accompanied by impaired fertility with a normal second testicle.
Urinary syndrome – the appearance of blood cells – erythrocytes and leukocytes (and according to some authors, protein) in the urine.

Urolithiasis

– a disease accompanied by the formation of stones in various parts of the urinary system. It occurs as a result of a violation of metabolic processes in the body.

Urine bag

is a urine collection device (pouch) attached to a catheter or drainage tube placed in the bladder, kidney or ureter.

Scrotum (scrotum)

– anatomical formation located between the root of the penis and the perineum, containing the male gonads (testicles) and their appendages.

Urinary incontinence

– involuntary release of urine without urge to urinate.

Neurogenic bladder

– a large group of bladder dysfunctions, which are based on damage to the nerve pathways and centers that innervate the bladder and control the act of urination.

Necrospermia (from Greek nekros – dead, sperma – seed)

– one of the indicators of ejaculate (spermogram), used in the diagnosis of male infertility and characterized by the detection of only dead (immobile) spermatozoa in it, the activity of which cannot be restored . It is the cause of absolute male infertility.

Urinary incontinence

– violation of the act of urination, in which, as a result of an imperative urge, the patient is unable to retain urine in the bladder.

Pregnancy nephropathy (from the Greek nephros – kidney, pathos – suffering, disease)

– one of the forms of late toxicosis of pregnant women, in which the vascular system and kidneys are mainly affected. Clinically, nephropathy of pregnant women is manifested by edema, arterial hypertension and proteinuria.

Nephroptosis (from Greek nephros – kidney, ptosis – fall, omission)

– pathology of the kidneys, when as a result of their displacement by more than 1 vertebra (physiological mobility), pain occurs. Can be either unilateral (92.8%) and bilateral (7.2%).

Fixed nephroptosis

– a condition when a pathologically mobile kidney as a result of the duration of the disease is fixed by scars to the adjacent tissues and does not move during palpation.

Nephrosclerosis (from the Greek nephros – kidney, skleros – solid)

– clinical and morphological concept that characterizes pathological changes in the kidney, occurring with the replacement of its parenchyma with connective tissue, wrinkling of the organ and dysfunction.

Nephrostent (from Greek nephros – kidney, stent – a device for the reconstruction of any organ)

– a special catheter with one or both ends curved in the form of a curl, which can be passed through the ureter into the pelvis using a cystoscope kidneys and leave there for a certain time in order to drain it.

Nephrostomy (from the Greek. nephros – kidney, stoma – opening, passage)

– renal fistula, imposed for the outflow of urine from the kidney by open surgery, or organ puncture.

Nephrectomy (from Greek nephros – kidney, ectome – removal, excision)

– surgical removal of the affected kidney.

Nocturia (from Greek nyktos – night and uron – urine) – a pathological condition in which a person excretes more urine at night than during the day (normally 2/3 of daily diuresis occurs during daytime urination and only 1/3 at night).

Nocturia – frequent nighttime urination Dehydration

– excessive loss of fluid by the body by the renal extrarenal (excessive sweating, repeated vomiting, profuse diarrhea) by.

Circumcision

– surgical operation of circumcision of the foreskin.

Oxalates (from Greek oxalis – sorrel)

– salts of oxalic acid, the accumulation in the body of which is accompanied by oxaluria, symptoms of interstitial nephritis, development of urolithiasis.

Oxaluria (from Greek oxalis – sorrel, uron – urine)

– increased content of oxalates in the urine.
Oligakiuria (from the Greek oligakis – rare, uron – urine) is a violation of the act of urination, usually of a neurogenic nature, associated with damage to the spinal cord, characterized by rare urination.

Oligozoospermia (from Greek oligo – small, zoon – living being, sperma – seed)

– spermogram indicator, characterized by insufficient amount of sperm in the ejaculate.

Oliguria (from Greek oligo – small, uron – urine)

– quantitative change in urine, characterized by a decrease in daily urine output.

Orgasm (from Greek orgao – burn with passion, swell, be in an excited state)

– one of the stages of sexual intercourse, which is the highest point of sexual arousal and is characterized by voluptuous sensations, usually coinciding with ejaculation.

Orchialgia (from Greek orchis – testicle and algos – pain)

– a clinical symptom of many diseases of the male reproductive system, manifested by pain in one or both testicles.

Orchidectomy (from Greek orchis – testicle, ectome – removal, excision)

– surgical removal of the testicle. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.

Orchitis (from Greek orchis – testicle, -itis – inflammation)

– inflammation of the testicle. Depending on the nature of the infection that caused orchitis, there are bacterial, viral, mycoplasmal, chlamydial, gonorrheal, trichomonas, tuberculous and syphilitic orchitis.

Orchiopexy (from Greek orchis – testicle, pexia – fixation, fixation)

– surgical fixation of the testicle, usually carried out by moving it into the scrotum and lengthening the elements of the spermatic cord. The operation is performed with various types of cryptorchidism simultaneously or two-stage.

Orchiepididymitis (from Greek orchis – testicle, epi – over, on, with, didymoi – testicles, -itis – inflammation)

– purulent-inflammatory disease of the testicle and its epididymis.

Residual urine

– the amount of urine that is determined in the bladder after urination during an ultrasound examination. Clinical manifestation of chronic urinary retention.

Papilloma (bladder)

– benign bladder tumor of fibroepithelial origin.

Paraphimosis (from Greek para – phimoo – to put on a muzzle)

– infringement of the glans penis by a narrow foreskin. Most often it is a complication of phimosis.

Pyelitis (from Greek pyelos – trough, tub, – tis – inflammation)

– inflammation of the renal pelvis.

Pyelolithotomy (from the Greek pyelos – trough, tub, lithos – stone, tome – cutting)

– surgical intervention, which consists in the removal of a renal calculus through an incision in the pelvis.

Pyelonephritis (from Greek pyelos – trough, tub, nephros – kidney, -itis – inflammation)

– non-specific infectious inflammatory disease of the interstitial tissue of the kidney and its cavity system.

Pyeloscopy (from the Greek pyelos – trough, tub, scopio – to examine)

– an endoscopic examination method that allows you to examine the renal pelvis and perform the necessary manipulations.

Pollakiuria

– frequent urination.

Prostatectomy

is a radical removal of the prostate gland, performed mainly for localized prostate cancer PSA (prostate-specific antigen) is a special substance that is produced by cells of the prostate gland. An increase in PSA levels most often indicates a serious disease of the prostate – prostate cancer, sometimes prostatitis, prostate adenoma.

Pyuria (from Greek pyon – pus, uron – urine)

– one of the indicators of urinalysis, characterized by the presence of pus in the urine.

Spermatogenesis

– the process of maturation of spermatozoa.

Stranguria

– difficult, frequent and painful urination.

Urethral stricture

– persistent narrowing of the lumen of the urethra resulting from the development of a post-traumatic scar or an inflammatory process.

Urolithiasis

– a disease accompanied by the formation of stones in various parts of the urinary system. It occurs as a result of a violation of metabolic processes in the body.

Cystitis

– inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder.

Cystoscopy

– examination of the bladder mucosa through a special instrument – a cystoscope.

Cystectomy

– surgical removal of the bladder. Usually, cystectomy is used for tumor lesions of the bladder.

Category: Dictionary of medical terms

Updated: 06 May 2020

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Urological diseases: terms, symptoms

01 February 2017

Urology: an explanatory dictionary Urological diseases can significantly affect a person’s life, change it for the worse. Therefore, you should show maximum attention to your own health, and study the pathology of the genitourinary system, symptoms of diseases and possible manifestations. This is necessary for self-identification of a complicated condition and timely access to a urologist!

Some patients try to treat themselves, which is extremely wrong, others look for methods on websites and forums, and come to the urologist’s appointment already “prepared”, trying to explain their own symptoms in peeped terms. In fact, if you have visited a specialist, you need to talk about your problems directly and without hesitation, explaining the situation to the smallest detail and in simple words. But it also does not hurt to know the correct designation of urological terms. At least to understand the doctor when he explains the essence of the disease.

Urology: diseases, clinical picture, symptoms

Today the leading specialists of the Mediton Clinic decided to clarify the meaning of some urological terms. At the moment, there are too many of them. Therefore, the doctors of the clinic have worked out the most significant and common terms, which they have included in the urological dictionary of terms!

Adenomectomy – radical, or, in other words, complete removal of prostate adenoma.

Azoospermia is an indicator in the study of semen, spermogram, which reflects the absence of live mature spermatozoa in the ejaculate.

Androgens. Experts call male sex hormones androgens.

Balanitis and balanoposthitis are serious diseases of the genital organs, which often occur in pairs. The first of these is inflammation of the head of the penis, the second is inflammation of the head in combination with inflammation of the inner part of the foreskin.

Bacteriuria – detection of microbial cells in the patient’s urine during analysis.

Male infertility – inability to fertilize, loss of a man’s reproductive ability.

Bilharzia is a parasitic disease caused by the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium.

Biopsy in urology: taking material for examination Biopsy – taking material for its study, which often helps to clarify the diagnosis as much as possible.

Vesiculography – examination of the seminal vesicles.

Hemospermia – blood in semen. Entry of blood into semen occurs from a damaged epididymis, testis, urethra, prostate, or seminal vesicles.

Hematuria – blood in the urine, which can be detected visually.

Hematocele – blood between testicular tissues. The pathology is manifested by the descent of the testicle, pain, color change to bright red and increase.

Hemoglobinuria – the appearance of hemoglobin in the patient’s urine. Urine red, clear.

Hypospadias is an abnormal development of the structure of the urethra and penis, when the urine outlet is located on the scrotum or in the lower region of the penis. In parallel, the penis is underdeveloped, having an irregular shape, small size and other anomalies.

Hydronephrosis is a rather serious and unpleasant pathology, which can be explained by many factors. The essence of the problem is a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidneys, due to which the kidney is modified, its functionality is impaired.

Hyperplasia is a term that has been described in detail by our specialists earlier. A serious and frequent disease in older men that occurs in the prostate tissue and leads to problems with urination, and then more serious.

Hypogodanism is a pathology of the male reproductive system. The cause of this pathology is the underdevelopment of the testicles due to certain disorders.

Dysuria – multiple disorders of the genitourinary system. The disease is characterized by subjective sensations during urination – time, frequency, discomfort.

External lithotripsy is one of the methods for the destruction of urinary stones. It is considered less traumatic and non-invasive, using special groups of drugs.

Diuresis – an indicator of the amount of urine that a person excretes during a certain period.

Deferentitis is an inflammatory process in the vas deferens, which manifests itself against the background of inflammation of the seminal vesicle or epididymis. Symptoms: swelling, pain, possible general temperature.

Diaphanoscopy of the scrotum – examination of the scrotum with a transmitted beam of light from a lamp or cystoscope.

Urinary retention is the most common urinary problem. There are two forms: acute and chronic, characterized by the absence of independent urination, as well as residual urine, respectively.

Difficulty urinating is a problem that is present in many acute forms and chronic diseases. Prolonged onset of urination, thin stream, difficulty with the amount of urine output, pain.

Impotence is a disease in which a man becomes unable to have sexual intercourse. There are many reasons for this at the moment.

Incotinence – leakage of urine, uncontrolled and involuntary process, incontinence.

Urethral instillation and bladder instillation is a treatment procedure based on the introduction of drugs into the urethra and bladder, respectively.

Infertility – impossibility of fertilization, infertility.

Ischuria is a condition where the patient cannot urinate on his own. Symptoms of acute urinary retention: a thin stream when urinating through effort, difficult or impossible urination with pain and burning. In the case of a positive result of urination, there is a feeling of incomplete emptying.

Cavernitis – inflammation of the cavernous bodies of the penis, which is preceded by some diseases of the genitourinary system.

Urethral catheter for urinary diversionThe urethral catheter is a special instrument for urological operations. Designed for diversion of urine or the introduction of drugs into the urinary ducts and bladder.

Urinary calculus . Many people today face a similar problem. In other words, these are urinary stones.

Contamination is a term that refers to infection of the genitourinary system. Perhaps this and under catheterization.

Contraception – a range of measures and ways to prevent pregnancy. It is possible to use the following types of contraception: medicines, chemicals, intrauterine devices, condoms.

The foreskin is the skin fold that opens and closes the head of the penis.

Cryptorchidism is a serious anomaly that means that the testicle or testicles do not descend into the scrotum.

Lithotomy – in case of removal of urinary stones, an operation to dissect the urinary organ in which these stones have formed.

Lithoextraction is an operation to remove urinary stones from the urinary tract without destroying the calculus.

Leukocyturia is an identifier for an inflammatory process, the presence of an excess of leukocytes in the urine. Often, it is an indicator of an infectious process with corresponding signs and symptoms: pain when urinating, burning, bad smell, discoloration of urine, discharge from the penis.

Lipuria – detection of fat inclusions in the urine, visual determination.

Gross hematuria is visually detectable blood in the patient’s urine.

Microhematuria – blood in the urine determined only during laboratory tests.

Monorchism – the absence of a testicle due to abnormal development. Pathology may not be accompanied by a violation of the reproductive function, provided that the second testicle is in a normal state.

Urolithiasis is a complex and painful disease based on the formation of stones in various parts of the human urinary system. Urolithiasis often occurs as a result of metabolic disorders.

The urinal is a special device that collects the patient’s urine expelled through the catheter.

Scrotum is an anatomical structure located between the perineum and the root of the penis, which contains the appendages and testicles.

Urinary incontinence – independent excretion of urine without prior urge to urinate, completely voluntary.

Necrospermia – detection during semen analysis of immobile, dead spermatozoa with the impossibility of restoring their activity.

Nephropathy of pregnancy – a form of late toxicosis with damage to the kidneys and blood vessels. Among the symptoms of pathology, increased swelling, lower back pain, dyspepsia, bloating.

Urinary incontinence – Painful urination disorders, due to which the patient cannot independently hold urine in the bladder.

Circumcision is a special surgical operation that involves a circular excision of the foreskin.

Oligozoospermia – the result of semen analysis, which indicates a small amount of sperm in the ejaculate, insufficient.

Oliguria – decrease in the total amount of urine excreted per day.

Orchiepididymitis is an inflammatory process, purulent-inflammatory disease of the testis and epididymis. Symptoms: pain and hyperemia of the scrotum, hardening of the testicle, high body temperature.

Orchialgia – simply put, this is pain in the testicle or pain in the testicles. Orchialgia is a clinical symptom of a fairly large number of diseases of the genitourinary system.

Orchidectomy – surgical removal of the testicle. This operation can be performed under local anesthesia.

Inflammation of the testicle: causes and symptoms of the disease Orchitis – infectious inflammation of the testicle. In this case, infections can be very diverse, for example, gonorrhea, syphilitic, trichomonas, mycoplasma (STDs), viral, bacterial.

Residual urine – is a clinical manifestation of chronic urinary retention in the bladder, and can be a symptom of many diseases. By definition, it is the urine left after urination inside the bladder.

Paraphimosis is one of the complications of phimosis, which is characterized by the infringement of the glans penis by the narrowed foreskin.

Pyelonephritis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the kidney, namely its cavitary system and underlying tissue.

Prostatectomy – radical removal of the prostate gland.

Pyuria is an indicator in the analysis of urine, which is characterized by the presence of pus in the urine.

Stranguria – quite painful, but at the same time frequent and seriously difficult urination.

Urethral stricture – a significant and persistent narrowing of the urethra due to an inflammatory process or due to the development of a post-traumatic scar.

Urolithiasis is a disease that occurs as a result of metabolic disorders, which is characterized by the formation of stones in various parts of the urinary system.

Circumcision circumcision.

Cystoscopy – diagnosis of the bladder, examination of its mucosa using a special instrument – a cystoscope.

Treatment of urological diseases in Kryvyi Rih

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